MINING MACHINERY

CRN: 12855

Bikem BULAK
050130319

06.10.2017
 What is the Air Compressor?
The machine that increases the pressure by compressing air taken from the atmosphere is called an air
compressor. Compressors are divided into two main groups as positive displacement and dynamic in terms of the
method used to increase the air pressure. Positive displacement compressors are based on the principle of
increasing the pressure by compressing the air into a certain volume. This compression takes place either by the
displacement of the piston in the cylinder or by the rotation of the rotor or rotors in the body and in various
forms. Compressors in this group are divided according to piston, cylinder, rotor and trunk shapes or their
number. Dynamic compressors operate with the principle of bringing air to high speeds with the aid of turbines
and then reducing pressure to obtain pressure.

Working Principle of Air Compressor

Compressors change according to operating principle. In general, as a working principle, compressors working
with compression principle ensure that air is compressed at certain ratios. The measurement of the air is
increased depending on the compression ratio.

Compressors operating according to the compression principle are used intensively in order to obtain
compressed air in industrial systems. In all small or large businesses, there is at least one of these principled
compressors.

Compressors operating according to compression principle.

1. Piston compressors
2. Screw compressors
3. Rotor compressor

Compressors operating according to the principle of blowing are used to transfer the atmosphere air to a zone
and to transmit it to another zone. The working time is just like a ventilator to speed up the air. Rapid energy
gained into the air, narrowing of the cross section and coming to the water creates a resistance in front of the
compressed air, which is converted into pressure energy to speed energy. Used on motor vehicles.

Compressors operating according to blowing principle.

1. Centrifugal turbine type (centrifugal turbo) compressors

2. Axial turbine type (axial turbo) compressors

Air Compressors in Mining

Mining is an expansive industry that stretches across the world, with a focus on different natural resources. From
the coal mining operations of the American Appalachians to the diamond-rich mines of South Africa, extracting
the planet's most valuable, useful and beautiful natural resources comes with a level of inherent risk, both
financially and in worker safety.

Underground mines can stretch for miles below Earth's surface, which poses unique challenges when trying to
achieve efficient resource extraction and safety for your work crew. Modern mining processes rely on
enhancements in safety equipment, as well as reducing impacts on the environment.

Mining companies depend on high-quality equipment to provide longevity in performance and reliability.
Through the use of industrial air compressor systems, electric and pneumatic tools are used in drilling, material
handling, transportation, mineral extraction and complex ventilation systems. Depending on the resources
desired, compressed air needs may vary in mining operations.

While underground compressors may be needed for some mining processes, which can reduce the need for
complex piping systems and lower the amount of leakage, it is more common to find compressors at the surface,
which reticulate compressed air through the use of steel pipes.

Compressed air is used as an energy source frequently in mining because of its flexibility over the use of diesel
and electric power in locations underground. However, low capacity applications such as drilling short holes,
pumping and pneumatic tools such as wrenches and saws are more commonly used with compressed air systems
at sites. In some cases, compressed air may be used in ventilation systems. Ventilation is important in all
situations, especially ones where methane can build since it can be easily ignited by a spark of static electricity.

It is imperative that all compressed air systems or equipment used in these situations are specifically designed to
prevent static electricity build-up and are grounded properly. This includes hoses, which can be made of fire
retardant and anti-static materials. In addition to being more restrictive in terms of availability, underground
compressors can also become fire hazards, which is why surface compressors are more often used.

Why Do We Need Air Compressor In Underground Mining?

Mining applications where compressed air is especially useful include:

 Pneumatic Tools – Compressed air is an excellent source of energy for power tools such as drills,
wrenches, hack saws and other vital mining equipment that needs to be used in the deep underground
stretches of the mines.
 Blasting – Compressed air systems offer safer mediums for use in blasting operations. High velocity
compressed air streams can be vital in some mining situations.
 Material handling – Materials like coal dust can be better handled when compressed air is mixed,
allowing for fluidization. In addition, compressed air can be used in conveying material in mining as
well.
 Cleaning – Compressed air can also be used for purging unwanted particles from filters and other
spaces amid the dirt and dust of the mining operation. It is a clean source of air and can be used
effectively without the need for additional cleaning materials. This can help extend the longevity of
critical mining equipment and reduce any downtime needed for maintenance.
 Ventilation Systems – As mentioned above, compressed air has a long history of providing ventilation
to increasingly deep mine tunnels. It is a safe and breathable source of air that can be used in hazardous
mining environments. In addition, displacement blowers can also utilize compressed air systems for
ventilation. In coal mining for example, displacement blowers are used to provide the needed air
ventilation to mining sites.
 Methane Gas Extraction – Methane gas build up in a mine can be lethal. The risk for a static electric
spark igniting methane as well as actually breathing the gas are both dangers for miners. Compressed
air systems properly fitted and designed for use in dangerous environments can help extract the gas
through the use of blowers and vacuum pumps for coal mining operations.
 Plug and play compressors, easy to install and integrate.

2. 1 kpm = 2.72·10-6 kWh

Kaynakça
http://atlasteknikservis.com.tr/kompresor-nedir-ve-cesitleri-nelerdir-1.html

http://www.quincycompressor.com/industries/mining/

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-compressor-types-d_441.html

http://www.pneumofore.com/air-compressors