Final CDP Danapur

TEBLE OF CONTENTS
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abbreviations
1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1-1

1.2 OBJECTIVES FOR PREPARATION OF CDPS ........................................................................................... 1-1
1.3 CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN ................................................................. 1-2
1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN- A PROCESS .............................................................................................. 1-2
1.5 SCOPE OF WORK ................................................................................................................................. 1-2
1.6 PROJECT OUTPUTS AND DELIVERABLES ............................................................................................. 1-3
1.7 COMMENCEMENT OF THE STUDY AND TEAM MOBILIZATION ........................................................... 1-3
1.7.1 Meeting and Consultations ............................................................................................................ 1-4
1.7.1.1 Stakeholders Consultation .................................................................................................................... 1-4
1.8 CONSULTATION .................................................................................................................................. 1-4
1.9 TECHNICAL APPROACH ....................................................................................................................... 1-5
1.10 STRUCTURE OF THE DRAFT REPORT ................................................................................................. 1-12
2 CITY PROFILE ........................................................................................................................................2-1
2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.2 HISTORY AND GROWTH ...................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2.1 History ............................................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.2.2 History of Danapur Nagar Parishad ............................................................................................... 2-2
2.2.3 District Profile ................................................................................................................................ 2-2
2.2.4 Location and Linkages.................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3 PHYSICAL PROFILE .............................................................................................................................. 2-3
2.3.1 Topography .................................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.3.2 Climate ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.3.3 Rainfall ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.4 DEMOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.4.1 Population and Population Density................................................................................................ 2-3
2.4.2 Sex Ratio ........................................................................................................................................ 2-4
2.4.3 Literacy Rate .................................................................................................................................. 2-4
2.4.4 Household Size ............................................................................................................................... 2-4
2.4.5 Population SC/ST Group ................................................................................................................. 2-4
2.4.6 Summary Observation ................................................................................................................... 2-5
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City Development Plan for Danapur
2.5 POPULATION PROJECTION ................................................................................................................. 2-5

2.6 ECONOMIC PROFILE ........................................................................................................................... 2-8
2.6.1 Work Force Participation ............................................................................................................... 2-8
2.6.2 Occupational Pattern & Number of Workers in Different Sectors ................................................. 2-9
2.6.3 Economic Base ............................................................................................................................... 2-9
2.6.4 Agricultural Related Activity ........................................................................................................ 2-10
2.6.5 Trade and Commerce ................................................................................................................... 2-10
2.6.6 Tourism ........................................................................................................................................ 2-10
2.6.7 Industrial Activity ......................................................................................................................... 2-10
2.6.8 Informal Sector ............................................................................................................................ 2-10
2.6.9 Issues............................................................................................................................................ 2-11
2.7 LAND USE ......................................................................................................................................... 2-11
2.7.1 Physical Planning (including land use map) ................................................................................. 2-13
2.7.2 Growth Management .................................................................................................................. 2-13
2.7.3 Land Management (including land availability) .......................................................................... 2-15
2.7.4 Issues Related to Spatial Development ........................................................................................ 2-15
3 SECTOR ANALYSIS AND GAP ASSESSMENT ...........................................................................................3-1
3.1 PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE .......................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Water Supply ................................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.1.1 Groundwater ......................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1.2 Existing Production of Water ................................................................................................................ 3-3
3.1.1.3 Existing Storage ..................................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.1.1.4 Water Distribution Networks ................................................................................................................ 3-3
3.1.1.5 Water Charges ...................................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.1.1.6 Water Treatment Facilities ................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.1.1.7 Water Supply Projects ........................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.1.1.8 Present Demand and Supply Gap ......................................................................................................... 3-4
3.1.1.9 Issues .................................................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.1.2 Sanitation and Sewerage ............................................................................................................... 3-6
3.1.2.1 Existing Sewerage System ..................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.1.2.2 Access to Sewerage facility ................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.1.2.3 Service level and Coverage Indicators................................................................................................... 3-7
3.1.2.4 Public Toilets ......................................................................................................................................... 3-8
3.1.2.5 Present Demand and Supply Gap ......................................................................................................... 3-8
3.1.2.6 Issues .................................................................................................................................................... 3-9
3.1.3 Drainage ........................................................................................................................................ 3-9
3.1.3.1 Existing Drainage System ...................................................................................................................... 3-9
3.1.3.2 Major Water Bodies ............................................................................................................................ 3-10
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3.1.3.3 Gap Analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 3-10

3.1.3.4 Issues .................................................................................................................................................. 3-10
3.1.4 Solid Waste Management ........................................................................................................... 3-11
3.1.4.1 Quantity of waste generated .............................................................................................................. 3-11
3.1.4.2 Waste Storage and Segregation .......................................................................................................... 3-11
3.1.4.3 Collection ............................................................................................................................................ 3-11
3.1.4.4 Transportation .................................................................................................................................... 3-11
3.1.4.5 Solid Waste Processing ....................................................................................................................... 3-11
3.1.4.6 Reuse and recycling ............................................................................................................................ 3-12
3.1.4.7 Service Level Indicators ....................................................................................................................... 3-12
3.1.4.8 Available Infrastructure ...................................................................................................................... 3-12
3.1.4.9 Present Demand and Supply Gap ....................................................................................................... 3-14
3.1.4.10 Projected Demand of MSW ................................................................................................................ 3-14
3.1.4.11 Issues .................................................................................................................................................. 3-15
3.1.5 Roads, Traffic and Transportation ............................................................................................... 3-15
3.1.5.1 Existing Traffic and Transportation Scenario ...................................................................................... 3-15
3.1.5.2 City Transport Network ....................................................................................................................... 3-15
3.1.5.3 Major Intersections ............................................................................................................................. 3-15
3.1.5.4 Public Transport System ..................................................................................................................... 3-15
3.1.5.5 Road and Road Network ..................................................................................................................... 3-16
3.1.5.6 Present Demand and Supply Gap ....................................................................................................... 3-17
3.1.5.7 Parking ................................................................................................................................................ 3-17
3.1.5.8 Issues .................................................................................................................................................. 3-18
3.1.6 Power and Street Lights ............................................................................................................... 3-18
3.1.6.1 Existing Status ..................................................................................................................................... 3-18
3.1.6.2 Streetlight ........................................................................................................................................... 3-19
3.1.6.3 Gap Analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 3-19
3.1.6.4 Future Requirement of Power Supply ................................................................................................. 3-19
3.1.6.5 Issues .................................................................................................................................................. 3-20
3.1.7 Community Infrastructure ............................................................................................................ 3-20
3.1.7.1 Education Facilities ............................................................................................................................. 3-20
3.1.7.2 Health Facilities ................................................................................................................................... 3-21
3.1.7.3 Park and Open Spaces/ Recreational Facilities ................................................................................... 3-22
3.1.7.4 Other Services ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22
3.2 HOUSING STATUS ............................................................................................................................. 3-22
3.2.1 Present Housing Status ................................................................................................................ 3-22
3.2.2 Houses by Amenities .................................................................................................................... 3-23
3.2.3 Unauthorized Colonies ................................................................................................................. 3-24
3.2.4 Issues............................................................................................................................................ 3-24
3.2.5 Future Housing Demand .............................................................................................................. 3-24
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3.3 URBAN POOR AND SLUMS................................................................................................................ 3-25

3.3.1 BPL in Danapur............................................................................................................................. 3-25
3.3.2 Slums in Town .............................................................................................................................. 3-25
3.3.2.1 Infrastructure Facilities at Household Level ........................................................................................ 3-29
3.3.2.2 Ability to Pay ....................................................................................................................................... 3-29
3.3.3 Social Security Schemes ............................................................................................................... 3-29
3.3.4 Issues............................................................................................................................................ 3-30
3.4 ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................................................. 3-30
3.4.1 Geology ........................................................................................................................................ 3-31
3.4.2 Water Quality .............................................................................................................................. 3-31
3.4.3 Vegetation ................................................................................................................................... 3-31
3.4.4 Natural Hazard ............................................................................................................................ 3-32
3.4.5 Strategies for Multiple Hazard Mitigation ................................................................................... 3-33
3.4.6 Issues............................................................................................................................................ 3-33
3.5 TOURISN AND HERITAGE CONSERVATION ....................................................................................... 3-33
3.5.1 Protected and Unprotected Heritages ......................................................................................... 3-33
3.5.2 Tourism Potential ......................................................................................................................... 3-33
3.6 LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT................................................................................................... 3-34
3.6.1 Asset Management Plan .............................................................................................................. 3-34
3.6.2 Building Approval Systems ........................................................................................................... 3-34
3.6.3 Business Approval System ............................................................................................................ 3-35
3.7 URBAN GOVERNANCE ...................................................................................................................... 3-35
3.7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3-35
3.7.2 Institutional Responsibility ........................................................................................................... 3-36
3.7.3 Present Planning Mechanism....................................................................................................... 3-38
3.7.4 Identified Improvement Areas ..................................................................................................... 3-39
3.7.5 Staff Details.................................................................................................................................. 3-39
3.7.6 Elected Representatives ............................................................................................................... 3-40
3.7.7 Issues............................................................................................................................................ 3-41
3.8 MUNICIPAL FINANCE ........................................................................................................................ 3-41
3.8.1 Bihar Municipal Act, 2007- An Overview ..................................................................................... 3-41
3.8.2 Overview of Municipal Finance .................................................................................................... 3-42
3.8.2.1 Revenue Account ................................................................................................................................ 3-43
3.8.2.2 Capital Account ................................................................................................................................... 3-43
3.8.3 Operation and Maintenance (Capacity of ULB to operate and maintain the current assets and
proposed future assets) ............................................................................................................................ 3.48
3.8.4 Identification of Infrastructural and Financial Improvement Requirements ................................ 3.48
3.8.5 Broad Capital Investment Needs.................................................................................................. 3.48
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3.8.6 Issues............................................................................................................................................ 3.48

3.9 MATRIX FOR RATING DANAPUR NAGAR PARISHAD ......................................................................... 3.49
4 STAKEHOLDERS’ CONSULTATIONS ........................................................................................................4-1
4.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION ........................................................................................................ 4-1
RD
4.3 PROCEEDING OF THE 3 WORKSHOP ................................................................................................. 4-3
4.3.1 List of Participants ......................................................................................................................... 4-3
4.3.2 The Handouts ................................................................................................................................. 4-3
4.3.3 Content of the Workshop ............................................................................................................... 4-3
5 PRIORITY PROJECTS AND STRATEGIES ..................................................................................................5-1
5.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 5-1

5.2 SECTORAL STRATEGIES ....................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.3 PRIORITIZATION OF PROJECTS; .......................................................................................................... 5-1
5.4 URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ..................................................................................................... 5-2
5.4.1.1 Strategies and Time Frame ................................................................................................................... 5-2
6 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN .................................................................................................................6-1
6.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 6-1

6.2 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION .................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.3 SECTOR-WISE PROJECTS IDENTIFICATION AND COSTING................................................................... 6-1
6.4 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN ............................................................................................................... 6-9
6.5 FUNDING PATTERN .......................................................................................................................... 6-11
6.5.1.1 PPP Funding: ....................................................................................................................................... 6-12
6.5.1.2 PMDO .................................................................................................................................................. 6-13
6.5.1.3 International Donor ............................................................................................................................ 6-13
6.5.1.4 Formation Project Management Unit and SPVs ................................................................................. 6-13
6.5.1.5 Other Suggestions for Innovative Findings ......................................................................................... 6-14
6.6 PROJECT RISK .................................................................................................................................... 6-15
6.6.1 Environmental Impact.................................................................................................................. 6-15
6.6.2 Social Impact ................................................................................................................................ 6-16
7 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ...............................................................................................................7-1
7.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 7-1

7.2 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN OF DNP ................................................................................................ 7-1
(a) Revenue Receipt ............................................................................................................................................. 7-1
(b) Capital Receipts .............................................................................................................................................. 7-2
(a) Revenue Expenditure...................................................................................................................................... 7-2
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7.3 FOP SCENARIOS .................................................................................................................................. 7-2

7.3.1 Business As Usual Scenario ............................................................................................................ 7-2
7.3.2 Alternate Scenario 1....................................................................................................................... 7-5
7.3.3 Alternate Scenario 2....................................................................................................................... 7-9
7.3.4 Selection of Alternative ................................................................................................................ 7-12
7.4 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF DNP................................................................................................. 7-12
7.4.1 Analysis of Accounting, Budgeting and Mis with a View to Identify Weaknesses ....................... 7-12
7.5 INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... 7-13
7.6 PROPOSED STRUCTURE AND FUNDING ............................................................................................ 7-15
7.7 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................... 7-17
7.8 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................... 7-17
ANNEXURES
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1.1: DELIVERABLES AND SUBMISSIONS ................................................................................................................ 1-3
TABLE 2.1: POPULATION AND GROWTH RATE OF DANAPUR TOWN.................................................................................... 2-3
TABLE 2.2: SOCIAL STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................... 2-5
TABLE 2.3: SUMMARY OF DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION OF DANAPUR .............................................................................. 2-5
TABLE 2.4: POPULATION AND GROWTH RATE OF DANAPUR CITY....................................................................................... 2-6
TABLE 2.5: POPULATION PROJECTION .......................................................................................................................... 2-7
TABLE 2.6: WORK FORCE PARTICIPATION ..................................................................................................................... 2-8
TABLE 2.7: OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN, DNP .................................................................................................................. 2-9
TABLE 2.8: TYPE OF VENDORS ................................................................................................................................... 2-10
TABLE 2.9: TENTATIVE LAND USE OF DNP .................................................................................................................. 2-12
TABLE 3.1: WATER SUPPLY SERVICE ............................................................................................................................ 3-3
TABLE 3.2: RECOMMENDED PER CAPITA WATER SUPPLY LEVELS FOR DESIGNING SCHEMES ............................. 3-5
TABLE 3.3: STATUS ASSESSMENT OF WATER SUPPLY WITH INDICATORS .............................................................................. 3-5
TABLE 3.4: WATER REQUIREMENT PHASE WISE ............................................................................................................. 3-5
TABLE 3.5: HOUSEHOLDS WITH BATHROOM AND TOILET FACILITIES .................................................................................... 3-6
TABLE 3.6: HOUSES BY WASTE WATER DRAINAGE FACILITY................................................................................................ 3-7
TABLE 3.7: SANITATION SERVICE LEVEL INDICATORS ....................................................................................................... 3-7
TABLE 3.8: STATUS ASSESSMENT OF SEWAGE & SANITATION WITH INDICATORS................................................................... 3-8
TABLE 3.9: WASTEWATER GENERATION FROM DANAPUR TOWN IN THE YEAR 2030.............................................................. 3-9
TABLE 3.10: STORM WATER DRAINAGE (SWD) NETWORK SERVICE LEVEL INDICATORS......................................................... 3-9
TABLE 3.11: STATUS ASSESSMENT OF DRAINAGE WITH INDICATORS................................................................................. 3-10
TABLE 3.12: INFRASTRUCTURE STRENGTH ................................................................................................................... 3-13
TABLE 3.13: STAFF STRENGTH .................................................................................................................................. 3-13
TABLE 3.14: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................. 3-13
TABLE 3.15: SOLID WASTE GENERATION – PROJECTION ................................................................................................ 3-14
TABLE 3.16: ROADS AND TRAFFIC- SERVICE LEVEL INDICATORS ....................................................................................... 3-16
TABLE 3.17: DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SOURCE OF LIGHTING ............................................................................. 3-18
TABLE 3.18: STREETLIGHT........................................................................................................................................ 3-19
TABLE 3.19: FUTURE REQUIREMENT OF POWER SUPPLY FOR PROJECTED POPULATION ........................................................ 3-19
TABLE 3.20: SCHOOL LEVEL EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ................................................................................................... 3-20
TABLE 3.21: PROJECTED DEMAND FOR EDUCATION ...................................................................................................... 3-21
TABLE 3.22: DEMAND ESTIMATION OF HEALTH FACILITIES OF DANAPUR .......................................................................... 3-21
TABLE 3.23: CONDITION OF CENSUS HOUSES .............................................................................................................. 3-23
TABLE 3.24: PRESENT HOUSING DEMAND SUPPLY GAP ................................................................................................. 3-23
TABLE 3.25: FUTURE HOUSING DEMAND OF DANAPUR .................................................................................................. 3-25
TABLE 3.26: WARD WISE SLUM (NOTIFIED) DETAILS IN DANAPUR NAGAR PARISHAD.......................................................... 3-25
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TABLE 3.27: OTHER POVERTY POCKET (SLUM)............................................................................................................. 3-28

TABLE 3.28: FUNCTION OF MUNICIPAL COUNCIL ......................................................................................................... 3-36
TABLE 3.29: DISCRETIONARY AND MANDATORY TAXES ................................................................................................. 3-37
TABLE 3.30: SERVICE DELIVERY MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................... 3-38
TABLE 3.31: STAFF DETAILS ..................................................................................................................................... 3-39
TABLE 3.32: STAFF ON FIXED PAY .............................................................................................................................. 3-40
TABLE 3.33: ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES..................................................................................................................... 3-40
TABLE 3.34: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REVENUE INCOME AND CAPITAL INCOME OF DANAPUR NAGAR PARISHAD................. 3-45
TABLE 3.35: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REVENUE EXPENDITURE AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE OF DNP ................................. 3-47
TABLE 3.36: LIST IDENTIFIED PROJECTS FOR CITY DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................... 3.48
TABLE 3.37: RATING OF DNP................................................................................................................................... 3.49
TABLE 4.1: LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS’ CONSULTATIONS ...................................................................................................... 4-2
TABLE 5.1: PRIORITY AND RANKING OF PROJECTS ........................................................................................................... 5-1
TABLE 6.1: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................... 6-2
TABLE 6.2: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES ............................................................................. 6-3
TABLE 6.3: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF DRAINAGE ................................................................................................. 6-3
TABLE 6.4: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF SEWERAGE AND SANITATION ......................................................................... 6-4
TABLE 6.5: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF URBAN POOR AND SLUMS ............................................................................ 6-5
TABLE 6.6: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF STREETLIGHT .............................................................................................. 6-5
TABLE 6.7: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF URBAN PLANNING AND GROWTH................................................................... 6-6
TABLE 6.8: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ..................................................................... 6-6
TABLE 6.9: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................... 6-7
TABLE 6.10: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF URBAN GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL SETUP ........................................... 6-7
TABLE 6.11: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF EDUCATION ............................................................................................. 6-8
TABLE 6.12: COST ESTIMATE AND PHASING OF HEALTH................................................................................................... 6-9
TABLE 6.13: BROAD INVESTMENT PLAN ..................................................................................................................... 6-10
TABLE 6.14: FUNDING PATTERN OF CDP BY STATE GOVERNMENT AND PPP (AMOUNT IN RS. CRORE) ................................... 6-12
TABLE 7.1: BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO - DNP’S INCOME AND EXPENDITURE .................................................................. 7-4
TABLE 7.2: PROJECTION OF TAX YIELD FOR 2015-16 ...................................................................................................... 7-5
TABLE 7.3: BASIS FOR ASSUMPTION OF GROWTH RATES .................................................................................................. 7-6
TABLE 7.4: ALTERNATE SCENARIO 1 - DNP’S INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ........................................................................... 7-8
TABLE 7.5: ALTERNATE SCENARIO 2 - DNP’S INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ......................................................................... 7-10
TABLE 7.6 : BROAD INVESTMENT PLAN....................................................................................................................... 7-13
TABLE 7.7 : FUNDING AGENCY .................................................................................................................................. 7-16
TABLE 7.8 : INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK.................................................................................................................... 7-17
TABLE A.1 : LIST OF STEERING GROUP MEMBERS .............................................................................................................XV
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1-1: CDP PLANNING PROCESS ....................................................................................................................... 1-12
FIGURE 2-1: DANAPUR TOWN IN REGIONAL CONTEXT ..................................................................................................... 2-2
FIGURE 2-2: POPULATION GROWTH TREND .................................................................................................................. 2-4
FIGURE 2-3:SOCIAL STRUCTURE .................................................................................................................................. 2-5
FIGURE 2-4 : PROJECTED POPULATION ......................................................................................................................... 2-8
FIGURE 2-5: OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN OF DANAPUR ...................................................................................................... 2-9
FIGURE 2-6: LAND USE OF DANAPUR ......................................................................................................................... 2-12
FIGURE 2-7: WARD MAP OF DNP............................................................................................................................. 2-13
FIGURE 2-8 : GROWTH DIRECTION OF DANAPUR NAGAR PARISHAD ................................................................................. 2-14
FIGURE 3-1: WATER LEVEL DEPTH DURING PRE-MONSOON ............................................................................................... 3-2
FIGURE 3-2: WATER LEVEL DEPTH DURING POST-MONSOON ............................................................................................. 3-2
FIGURE 3.3-3: TYPE OF TOILET FACILITIES ...................................................................................................................... 3-7
FIGURE 3.3-4: BATHROOM FACILITY WITHIN THE HOUSE .................................................................................................. 3-7
FIGURE 3.3-5: HOUSES BY WASTE WATER DRAINAGE FACILITY ........................................................................................... 3-7
FIGURE 3.3-6: HOUSES BY SOURCE OF LIGHT............................................................................................................... 3-18
FIGURE 3.3-7: HOUSES BY SOURCE OF LIGHT............................................................................................................... 3-23
FIGURE 3.3-8: TYPES OF ROOMS............................................................................................................................... 3-23
FIGURE 3.3-9: TYPE OF DRINKING WATER WITHIN THE PREMISES ..................................................................................... 3-24
FIGURE 3-10: LOCATION OF SLUM POCKETS ................................................................................................................ 3-28
FIGURE 3.3-11: GEOLOGICAL MAP OF BIHAR .............................................................................................................. 3-31
FIGURE 3.3-12: FOREST COVER ................................................................................................................................ 3-32
FIGURE 3.3-13: FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS OF BIHAR...................................................................................................... 3-32
FIGURE 3.3-14: AN OVERVIEW OF MUNICIPAL FINANCE ............................................................................................... 3-43
FIGURE 3.3-15: TOTAL RECEIPTS OF DNP .................................................................................................................. 3-44
FIGURE 3.3-16: DNP INCOME FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES FOR FY 2009-10 ..................................................................... 3-45
FIGURE 3.3-17: TOTAL REVENUE EXPENDITURE OF DNP ............................................................................................... 3-46
FIGURE 3.3-18: REVENUE EXPENDITURE OF DNP FOR FY 2009-10 ................................................................................ 3-46
FIGURE 5-1: DANAPUR PROPOSALS ............................................................................................................................. 5-9
FIGURE 6-1: BROAD INVESTMENT SHARE .................................................................................................................... 6-11
FIGURE 6-2 : INDICATIVE STRUCTURE OF PMU AND SPV ............................................................................................... 6-14
FIGURE 7-1 : BROAD INVESTMENT SHARE.................................................................................................................... 7-14
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ABBREVIATIONS
BMA : Bihar Municipal Act
BPL : Below Poverty Line
BSEB : Bihar State Electricity Board
BSRTC : Bihar State Road Transport Corporation
CAA : Constitutional Amendment Act
CBO : Community Based Organization
CDP : City Development Plan
CHC : Community Health Centre
CIP : City Investment Plan
DA : Daily Allowance
DFID : Department for International Development
DM : District Magistrate
DNP : Danapur Nagar Parishad
FCI Food Corporation of India
FOP : Financial Operating Plan
ft. : Feet
GDDP : Gross District Domestic Product
GIS Geographical Information System
GoI : Government of India
GoB : Government of Bihar
hrs : Hours
HP : Horse Power
ICT Pvt. Ltd. : Intercontinental Consultant and Technocrats Pvt. Ltd.
ITPI : Institute of Town Planners in India
JNNURM : Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
Km : Kilometer
KV : Kilo Volts
lpcd : liters per capita par day
m : Meter
Mbgl Meters below ground level
MLD Million Liter per Day
MT Metric Ton
NGO : Non-Government Organization
NH : National Highway
NW North West
OHT Over Head Tank
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PCC Road Portland Cement Concrete Road

PHED : Public Health and Engineering Department
PMC : Patna Municipal Corporation
PPP : Public Private Partnership
PWD : Public Works Department
O&M : Operation and Maintenance
OSD On Site Disposal
SC : Schedule Caste
SE South East
SH : State Highway
SPUR : Support Program for Urban Reform
ST : Schedule Tribe
SWM : Solid Waste Management
SWOT : Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
TA : Travel Allowance
T&D : Transmission and Distribution
TOR : Terms of Reference
UDPFI : Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation
UFW Unaccounted For Water
ULB : Urban Local Bodies
WFPR : Work Force Participation Ratio
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Executive Summary
Overview
Danapur is a satellite town of Patna and is located at a distance of 25 km from Patna. Danapur
town is spread over 11.63 sq km and is divided into 40 wards. The Danapur Nagar Parishad was
established in 1889. The town is located on the banks of the River Sone that merges with the River
Ganga at Digha, beyond the town. Danapur has a railway station and is located on the Mughalsarai-
Howrah main rail line. The NH 30 links the town to other cities like Varanasi. The nearest airport is
Patna. Danapur is also the Head Quarters of the Bihar Regiment of the Indian Army and has a
Cantonment Board administering the area.
Danapur
Patna Town
Location of Patna District
Danapur has a wage paid service sector and an equally large informal sector comprising of
traditional bazaar etc. The major source of livelihood in city is service, trade and commerce with a
few small industries. Also, agriculture provides a significant employment (14%). The importance of
this town is steadily increasing being a satellite town of Patna as well as being situated on Delhi -
Howrah rail line. With the fast development of the town several Govt. offices and commercial
establishments have emerged. Danapur also houses Gurdwara Handi Sahib, a religious tourist spot..
The competitive advantage of

Danapur lies in its proximity to
Patna. Additionally the town has
good rail and road connectivity.
Systematic planning and
improvement of connectivity with
Patna will enhance its position as a
satellite town to the state capital.
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page ES-1
CITY VISION
The vision for Danapur was derived on the basis of the status assessment of the city,
stakeholder consultations and focused group discussions. Participatory consultations during
the visioning process concluded that there is need to revive growth and improve the overall
quality of life of its citizens. The identified Vision is as follows: “To develop Danapur as a
financially self-sufficient industrial and recreational town that can provide employment
opportunities, good infrastructure, a hygienic living environment and good governance to
all its citizens.” The identified vision forms the basis of sector-specific strategies adopted in
framing the action plan.
Demography
Danapur has registered a high population growth in the recent past especially in the 1991-2001
decade. In 1991 the population was 84,616 this increased to 131,176 in 2001; representing a decadal
growth rate of 55.03%. The key factor behind this growth is the proximity of the town to Patna that
has led to a large number of people moving to Danapur for residential purposes and commuting to
Patna for work. The lower cost of living in Danapur has been a main reason for the attraction. The
population density of the city as per 2001 data is about 113 persons/ha. For the purposes of the
CDP, population projections have been made based on available figures from Census of 1981 and
2001. Three different methods have been used – Linear Method, Exponential Curve Method and
Geometric Growth Method. The Exponential Curve Method has been adopted for its best fit. The
projected population for 2030 is 348,185.
Sector Assessments & Growth Strategies

A) Water Supply
Ground water is the main source in Danapur. The PHED has responsibility for production and
distribution of water supply in the city. The ground water table is at 5-10 m. The water is extracted
through six tube wells and preliminary treatment is done through bleaching powder. Danapur town
has three overhead tanks and approximately 200 hand pumps. The gross water supply in the city is
around 10 MLD with about 53 lpcd as per 2011 population. Piped water supply was first introduced
in 1955 but with the growth of the town there has been no augmentation and today, the network is
grossly inadequate. The town is divided into nine water supply zones covering multiple wards. The
projected water demand in 2030 is 54 MLD. A DPR for water supply has already been prepared and
therefore not included in this CDP.
B) Sewerage and Sanitation

Danapur does not have a sewer system. As Strategies: The CDP suggests the following:
per Census 2001, 46% of the households  Development of a sewerage system with all
had water closet latrines, 18% had pit associated features
latrines and 14% other type of latrine.  Development of public conveniences
Open defecation was practiced by 22% of
households. It is estimated that the town generates about 10 MLD and it is projected to increase to
43.2MLD in 2030. The town has two public conveniences that are in poor condition. Night soil and
sludge either flows through surface drains or through kaccha drains along the road or collects in low
lying areas and water bodies. It has been observed that in several cases soak pits constructed by
individual households are unlined thus posing a threat of contamination to shallow aquifers. While
the town does have some public conveniences, they are ill maintained.
Sewerage Projects Total (in 2011-2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030

Rs. Crore)
New Sewer System 11.20 5.60 3.36 2.24
IEC measures for sanitation 0.10 0.10 - -
practice
Construction of Sewerage 37.50 18.75 11.25 7.50
Treatment Plant (ASP)
Community toilets (22% Population 13.42 13.42 - -
does not have toilet facilities and 1
toilet will cover 50 families) 2011
popu- 183000, 22%=40260 HH-
6=6710 household
Public Convenience 1.50 1.50 - -
Sub Total 63.72 39.37 14.61 9.74
C) Drainage Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are:

Danapur town has 9km of pucca  To develop a drainage system based on a Drainage
drains and 19km of kuccha drains. At Master Plan
present, the drainage system is a  To construct new drains and missing links, align,
develop and maintain existing drains
result of piecemeal construction of open drains to meet temporary local conditions in different parts
of the town. The River Ganga in the north causes floods in the rainy season – this affects the whole
town. Drains are clogged with garbage and silt thus their carrying capacity is reduced.
Drainage Projects Total (in 2011 - 2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
Preparation of Drainage Master 0.20 0.20 - -
Plan considering the city level slope
Construction of Primary drains 2.85 1.43 0.86 0.57
Construction of Secondary drains 3.60 1.80 1.08 0.72
Improvement/ repairing of existing 0.34 0.34 - -
primary and secondary drains
Improvement/ repairing of existing 0.98 0.98 - -
main drains
Jeep Mounted Excavator 0.30 0.30 - -
Regular dozer 0.07 0.07 - -
JCB 0.23 0.23 - -
Dumper Truck 0.09 0.09 - -
Removing the encroachment on 0.20 0.20 - -
flood prone low lying areas
Sub Total 8.86 5.63 1.94 1.29
D) Solid Waste Management

It is estimated that Danapur
generates about 21 tonnes of Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are:
garbage per day. About 81% of the  Introduction of door to door collection including
waste generated is collected while segregation at source
the rest is unattended. The town  Provision of community dustbins
has no organized system for solid  Procurement of equipment and vehicles
waste management. The ULB has 6  Scientific disposal at sanitary landfill
tractors, 2 loaders, 1 tipper, 2 water  IEC campaigns to complement planned systems
tankers and 1 cess pool machine for improvements
collection and transportation of
garbage. The ULB has a total of 181 staff including sanitary inspectors for operations. The waste is
dumped in the Nasirganj trenching grounds – although waste is also dumped along the road or in
available open spaces. It is estimated that the town will generate 87MT garbage in 2030. A DPR for
Rs. 4.62 crore as already been sanctioned therefore projects have not been included in this CDP.
E) Roads, Traffic, and Transportation

Danapur is well connected by rail and road. The town is located in the Mughalsarai – Howrah main
line. NH 30 links the town to
Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are:
other cities in the region like
 Improving existing roads and intersections
Varanasi. Patna is the nearest
 Creation of new traffic infrastructure including a truck
airport. The total road length in
terminal, bus stand, parking and new roads
the ULB is estimated at 40km of
 Use of non-conventional energy for street lights
which 25km is surfaced. Public transport includes tempos, auto rickshaws and cycle rickshaws. Jeeps
are a major means of transport within the town. The traffic is chaotic and on street parking together
with encroachments further aggravates the situation.
Traffic and Transportation Total (in 2011-2015 2016 - 2021 2021 - 2030
Projects Rs. Crore)
Development of Truck Terminal 10 6.00 4.00 -
Improvement of existing Bus Stand 0.10 0.10 - -
Parking (1000 Sqm each) 1.00 0.50 0.50 -
Junction Improvement 0.60 0.60 - -
Construction of new roads 30.00 30.00 -
Road Improvement with foot path 37.50 18.75 18.75 -
Sub Total 79.20 55.95 23.25 -
F) Street Lighting
Danapur town has 850 street light poles but most of the lights are non-functional.
Street Lighting Projects Total (in

2011-2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2025
Rs. Crore)
Installing Street Light poles (at 1.23 0.61 0.37 0.25
distance of 30m)
Implanting High mast Poles (14m 0.09 0.05 0.05 -
Height)
Implanting High mast Poles (40m 0.24 0.24 - -
Height)
Sub Total 1.56 0.90 0.41 0.25
G) Social Infrastructure
An assessment of social infrastructure in
Danapur was done. There are 7 private
 Provision of health and educational facilities in line
schools and a degree college in the
with UDPFI norms in phases
town. There is a high preference for
educational facilities in Patna. Danapur has one government hospital with Patna being the preferred
destination for specialized medical care.
The town has some parks and open spaces like the Aqur Tribhuvan park and community hall; the
Handi Sahib, Nariyal Ghat and the military cantonment are places to visit in Danapur.
Social Infrastructure Projects Total (in 2011-2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
Cultural Centre/Recreational club 5.00 2.50 2.50 -
Development of Public Library 4.00 2.00 1.20 0.80
(area 300sqm)
Kanji House (Stray Cattle House) (2 0.10 0.10 - -
Hectares)
Development of parks 10.00 5.00 5.00 -
Sports Complex 0.60 0.30 0.18 0.12
Boating facility 0.60 0.60 - -
Primary School (Class I to V) 6.50 3.25 1.95 1.30

Senior Secondary(Class VI to XII) 9.00 4.50 2.70 1.80
(1000 students)
College (1000 to 1500 students) 30.00 15.00 9.00 6.00
IEC for health awareness 0.10 0.10 - -
Incineration Centre 0.20 0.20 - -
General Hospital 40.00 20.00 12.00 8.00
Intermediate hospital (Category A) 40.00 20.00 12.00 8.00
Poly Clinic 16.00 8.00 4.80 3.20
Nursing home, Child welfare and 5.33 2.67 1.60 1.07
Maternity centre (25 – 30 Beds)
Dispensary 6.13 3.07 1.84 1.23
Construction of Slaughter House at 1.00 1.00 - -
city Periphery area
Sub Total 174.56 88.28 54.77 31.51
H) Slums and Urban Poor

Census 2001 had recorded that about
38% of the population lived in slums.
 Improvement in housing conditions including
Almost all the wards have slums with
construction of new houses
the majority of residents being in the
 Provision of infrastructure that is integrated with
BPL category. The SPUR survey in
city level networks
December 2010 recorded presence of
22 slums with 5252 households. Slums have poor infrastructure with hand pumps and public stand
posts being the main water supply sources; very few households have toilets and there is a lack of
public toilets. A DPR for housing for urban poor valued at Rs. 15.62 crrores has been approved in the
earlier CDP for the town.
Housing for Poor Projects Total (in 2011-2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
Housing for slum dwellers 75.78 75.78 - -
Sub Total 75.78 75.78 - -
I) Local Economy
Danapur has an iron rod casting factory,
a flour mill and a BATA shoe factory.
 Improvement in the business approval processes
According to SPUR data, the town has
 Provision of improved infrastructure in the long
434 vendors. The potential for economic
run to develop industries
development requires an assessment of
the likely resource base in the region.
Economic Development Projects Total (in 2011-2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
Rs. Crore)
Development of vending zones 0.90 0.90 - -
Sub Total 0.90 0.90 - -
J) Environment
The north bank of the River Ganga is
within the boundaries of the town. The
 Tree plantation along the river bed and roads;
overall poor level of services has an
development of incidental parks and spaces are
adverse impact on the city
proposed in the short term
environment. Interventions proposed in
 River front development in the long term
the CDP will contribute to city
environment together with the improvement in services.
Environment Projects Total (in 2011-2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030

Rs. Crore)
Landscaping and flood protection
along Ganga river front – North
bank (stretch within Danapur town 120.00 60.00 60.00 -
boundaries) and River Front
Development
Tree Plantation along river bed 0.08 0.04 0.04 -
Riverfront Development of Ganga
- - - -
River
Construction of Botanical garden 1.00 1.00 - -
Meditation park 10.00 5.00 5.00 -
Sub Total 131.08 66.04 65.04 -
K) Governance and Institutional Set Up

Institutional Set Up Projects Total 2011-2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030
(in Rs. Crore)
Training of DNP staff and 0.10 0.04 0.03 0.03
Implementation Double entry
system
Implementation of Double Entry 0.10 0.10 - -
Accrual Based Accounting
Training and Institutional 2.50 1.00 0.75 0.75
Strengthening
Communication and Citizen 0.10 0.04 0.03 0.03
Participation Programme
Modernizing Office Infrastructure 2.00 1.00 1.00 -
E-Governance System for 6.00 6.00 - -
Municipal Services
-Asset Management System (GIS - 0.58 0.58 - -
Mapping of Property Tax System,
Water Pipe line, Sewer Syatem,
Drainage System)
Sub Total 11.38 8.76 1.81 0.81
Financial Position of the Local Body

Analysis of the financial position of the ULB shows
Highlights of Financial Position
that there has been an increase in income of the
 The annual income is mainly dependent
ULB in the last 5 years and this was exceptionally
on government grants.
high in 2009-10 when it was Rs. 6.90 crores largely
 Income was highest in 2009-10 linked to
on account of government grants. In 2009-10,
high assigned revenues
9.01% of total income was from tax revenues.
 Property tax accounted for 9.01% of total
Revenue expenditure has been increasing over the
income in 2009-10
last five years. It is estimated to be Rs. 7.28 crore in
 Expenditure on programmes accounts for
2010-11. Establishment expenditure accounted for
the highest share of total expenditure
35.94% of expenditure in 2009-10 and programme
expenditure accounted for 59.40% in the same year.
Revenue Income and Capital Income
Item Year (Amount on Rs. Crore)
2010-11
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
(Estimated)
A Own sources - Taxes 0.68 0.27 0.26 0.46 1.06 0.70
1 Collection from Holding Tax 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.30 0.22
2 Others 0.62 0.19 0.18 0.35 0.76 0.48
B Own sources – Non Taxes 0.33 0.07 0.33 0.31 0.23 0.46
C Assigned Revenues 0.37 0.61 0.65 2.44 4.12 3.44
D Revenue Grants (including salary 1.04
0.15 0.09 1.03 0.98 1.03
& matching grants)
E Other Income 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.48 0.53 0.53
Total Revenue Receipts 1.55 1.04 2.28 4.67 6.98 6.17
Capital Receipts 0.89 0.65 2.98 2.84 5.34 4.29
Total Receipts 2.44 1.70 5.26 7.51 12.32 10.46
Municipal Expenditure
Year (Amount in Rs. Crores)
Head 2010-11
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
(Estimated)
Total Establishment 0.17 0.15 0.78 2.39 2.57 2.60
(A) Expenditure
(B) O & M Expenditure 0.70 0.61 1.49 0.21 0.18 0.21
(C) Programme Expenditure 0.79 0.25 2.67 3.48 4.24 4.05
(D) Administration expenditure - - - 0.26 0.27 0.28
(E) Miscellaneous Expenditure 0.08 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.15 0.14
Revenue Expenditure 1.74 1.12 5.05 6.44 7.41 7.28
Capital Expenditure - - - 1.39 0.70 1.10
Total Expenditure 1.74 1.12 5.05 7.84 8.11 8.38
Capital Investment Plan (CIP)

The total funding over the life of the CDP period, i.e. up to year 2030, is estimated at Rs. 547.05
crores. Sector-wise details of the investments have been defined for the entire period. In the
previous sections, details of all identified projects and estimated costing have been shown. The CIP
takes into account priority areas of intervention and funding ability and priorities of the ULB. The CIP
accounts for funds that the ULB will be expected to contribute to meet all the interventions
necessary for achievement of the City Vision.
The scheduling or phasing of the CIP is based on the analysis of fiscal resources for new investments
and O&M, technical capacity for construction and the choice of specific improvements to be taken
up over the CDP period.
Sectors Total 2011-2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030

(in Rs. Crore)
Sewerage 63.72 39.37 14.61 9.74
Drainage 8.86 5.63 1.94 1.29
Street Light 1.56 0.90 0.41 0.25
Social Infrastructure 174.57 88.28 54.77 31.51
Traffic and Transportation 79.20 55.95 23.25 -
Housing for Poor 75.78 75.78 - -
Environment 131.08 66.04 65.04 -
Economic Development 0.90 0.90 - -
Institutional Set Up 11.38 8.76 1.81 0.81
Total 547.05 341.61 161.83 43.6
Financial Operating Plan (FOP)
The Financial Operating Plan takes into account an analysis of the income and expenditure of the
ULB on the basis of some assumptions. The key considerations of the FOP are
 Income by ULB’s own tax sources by 50% per annum
 Income by ULB’s own non-tax sources by 20% per annum
 Income from Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and Matching grants) increase by 5% per
annum
 Income from other sources increase by 5% per annum
 Income from capital receipt increase by 5% per annum
 New Taxes proposed with the annual increase of 20% per annum
 Total Establishment Expenditure by 5% growth per annum
 Operation and maintenance expenditure increase by 5% per annum
 Programme expenditure increase by 5% per annum
 Administration expenditure increase by 5% per annum
 Miscellaneous Expenditure increase by 5% annually
The proposed income and expenditure of the ULB on the basis of the above assumptions in Phase I
of the CDP is as follows:
Income Actual Amount (in Rs. Lakhs) Projected Income & Expenditure based on Average
Source Growth Rate
2005 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015-
-06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Total
2.44 1.70 5.26 7.51 12.32 10.46 12.12 13.81 15.85 18.32 21.37
Receipts
Revenue
1.55 1.04 2.28 4.67 6.98 6.17 7.62 9.08 10.88 13.11 15.89
Receipts
Capital
0.89 0.65 2.98 2.84 5.34 4.29 4.50 4.73 4.97 5.21 5.48
Receipts
Revenue
1.74 1.12 5.05 6.44 7.41 7.28 8.22 9.30 10.52 11.91 13.49
Expenditure
Surplus/Deficit -0.61 -0.22 0.36 1.20 2.40
The key observations of the FOP are:

 The ULB is able to enhance its revenue from the current level of deficit of Rs. 1.11 crores in
2010-11 to Rs.2.40 crores in 2015-16
 Of the Rs. 547.05 crore investment required for the CDP period, Rs. 341.61 crores will be
required in Phase I and the ULB will be able to generate only a small part of it and will
therefore require support from other sources as well
 Innovative use of PPP especially in areas like solid waste management, transport,
development parks will further reduce the financial burden on the ULB
Overall Assessment
An overall assessment of the existing service delivery levels in the town was done on the basis of
various indicators. Service levels are found to be alarming in many cases.
# Parameter Indicators Rating

1. Status of Infrastructure and Service Delivery Levels
a. Coverage of Water Supply
b. Per Capita Availability of Water
c. Continuity of Water Supply
d. Coverage of Individual Toilets
e. Door to Door Collection of Solid Waste
f. Collection Efficiency of Solid Waste
2. Financial Management
a. Operating Ratio -------------
b. Growth in Revenue Income
3. Poverty Level
a. Population Below Poverty Line (BPL)
4. Organization Structure
a. Staffing pattern, availability of sufficient staff,
competency level of existing staff for
implementing proposed projects
5. Leadership
a. Leadership quality, awareness and
understanding regarding urban sector,
proactive approach for implementing reform
measures
6. Economic Development Potential
a. Potential for Development, linkages to the
state capital and other cities, status of existing
infrastructure
7. Environment Sustainability
a. Status of Environment, quality of water, air,
8. Participation
a. Level of Participation from Citizen/Citizen
Forums/Welfare Association in municipal
affairs
9. Compliance with Reforms
a. Status of reform implementation and
preparedness for implementation
Legend
Alarming Average Below Average Good
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This assignment seeks to provide support to various urban local bodies of Bihar in preparing City
Development Plans (CDPs) for a comprehensive long term strategy (Vision 2030). The CDP will be
prepared for immediate term (5 years), short term (10 years), medium term (15 years) and long term
(20 years) as well as a City Investment Plan (CIP). Based on these plans, the concerned ULBs will
access funds under GoI/GoB schemes, from SPUR supported by DFID as well as from their own and
other sources based on priority actions and projects identified in the CDP. The document has also
prepared operational strategies for various sectors and presented implementable action plans for each
viable sector. The CDP has also provided a Financial Operating Plan (FOP) to direct the ULBs for
mobilising various financial resources to implement the identified projects. The CDP has adhered to
participatory processes as defined in the JNNURM‟s CDP preparation toolkit.
1.2 OBJECTIVES FOR PREPARATION OF CDPs

The SPUR program is based on the premise that effective urban centres play a significant role in
economic growth and poverty reduction by providing the nuclei for greater economic activity and
services that can contribute to pro-poor development. The SPUR program supports five thematic
areas:
urban governance and planning
municipal finance and accounting
municipal infrastructure
local economic development
social development, poverty alleviation and livelihoods
SPUR‟s goal is “economic growth and poverty reduction significantly accelerated in Bihar by 2016”.
Its purpose is “identified ULBs‟ ability to provide urban services and attract private investment
significantly enhanced”.
The objective of this exercise is to visualise the town in the next 20 years and
Define the growth directions and service up-gradations in relation to the activity mix/growth;
Assess the demand-supply gap in services to estimate and prioritise project requirements;
Define specific rehabilitation and capital improvement needs with regards to priority city
infrastructure in both slums and other areas;
Define revenue enhancement and revenue management improvements required to sustain the
investment proposed;
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page 1-1
Reform required in local administration and service delivery to ensure financial sustainability and
improvements in service levels;
Suggest changes required at the local level to improve O&M of assets including use of different
institutional and PPP models,
Address common growth and infrastructure issues
1.3 CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The City Development Plan is both a planning process and a product, which promotes partnership
among various stakeholders in a city- the city government, the private business sector, civil society,
academic, and national government agencies- to jointly analyze growth issues, develop a vision for
the future, formulate development strategies, design programs, prioritize projects, mobilize resources,
implement, monitor and evaluate implementation. The CDP is anchored on the following principles of
a sustainable city.
Livability - what can be done to ensure a healthy and dignified standard of living for the city's
residents?
Competitiveness - how can the cities be more competitive in the global economy?
Bankability - how can the cities be more bankable? How can public-private partnerships be
promoted and/or enhanced?
Manageability - how can a city's management be improved? How can accountability, integrity and
transparency be made an integral part of a city's management?
Sustainability - how can the cities be more sustainable?
1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN- A PROCESS

A City Development Plan is a perspective of and a vision for the future development of a city.
Essentially, it addresses following questions:
Where are we now?
Where do we want to go?
What do we need to address on priority basis?
What interventions do we make in order to attain the vision?
1.5 SCOPE OF WORK

The scope of work covers but is not limited to the following:
Assess the demand-supply gaps for identified projects;
Provide financial assessment of the ULBs;
Suggest measures to increase the general level of service, coverage and quality of municipal
services in both poor and non-poor localities;
Improvements in staffing and management arrangements in delivery of services;
Outlining issues in revenue realizations, quality of existing assets in relation to service levels and
coverage, and institutional constraints;
Developing quick indicators of performance, based on current coverage and additional population
in the short term (10 years) and unit costs;
Estimating city level investment requirement for up-gradation of city wide infrastructure;
Preparing a Comprehensive Asset Management Plan for existing and proposed investment and
use fiscal notes and policy analysis to assist in making informed choices to achieve sector/city
goals;
Define priority assets and indicative costs of rehabilitation;
Conducting fiscal impact analysis of investments: life cycle O&M costs, revenues from project,
and costs/impacts on finances and of not doing the project;
Exploring funding options for rehabilitation of facilities; and
Preparing a realistic financial operating plan (FOP) based on availability of resources and ability
to leverage additional resources
1.6 PROJECT OUTPUTS AND DELIVERABLES

The whole project will be completed in the stipulated period and deliverables submitted to the client
with the requisite reports as shown below in Table 1.1:
Table 1.1: Deliverables and Submissions
S. No. Deliverables Submission Date
1 Inception Report (including report of Kick Off Workshop) Submitted
Interim Report (including report of Workshop on City Vision and
2 Submitted
Sector Goals)
3 Draft Final Report (including report of 3rd Workshop) Submitted
4 Final CDP incorporating comments received on the Draft CDP As per schedule
1.7 COMMENCEMENT OF THE STUDY AND TEAM MOBILIZATION

The study started with the receipt of Work Order from client in the mid of April 2011. The team along
with the team leader visited Danapur city and met with Executive Officer (E.O) Danapur Nagar
Parishad, its officials and key stakeholders. The team also did the reconnaissance survey of city with
Nagar Parishad officials.
1.7.1 Meeting and Consultations

Consultation is a process in the project cycle in which an attempt is made to involve the public as
stakeholders in project preparation through consultation and focus group discussion meetings.
Stakeholders‟ participation and consultation have been viewed as a continual course of action, which
promote public understanding and help eradicate hurdles in the way of the project. Consultation
during the project preparation stage as an integral part of the social assessment process not only
minimizes the risks and unwanted propaganda against the project but also removes the gap between
the community and the project formulators, which helps in the timely completion of the project and
making the project people-friendly.
1.7.1.1 Stakeholders Consultation
The inception report has been prepared keeping in mind the scope of work as mentioned in the terms
of reference. The main purpose of a city development plan is to build consensus among key
stakeholders. Preliminary consultations were carried out with key stakeholders. The stakeholders were
involved through meetings and interviews to gauge the situation in terms of urban infrastructure,
services, overall management etc. The key stakeholders of the city have been identified as under:
Primary stakeholders, beneficiaries of a development intervention or those directly affected
(positively or negatively) by it. They include local populations (resource persons, community,
students) in the project/program area, in particular, poor and marginalized groups who have
traditionally been excluded from participating in development efforts such as squatter and slum
dwellers, and organizations such as trader‟s organizations, hoteliers, transporters and other
associations.
Secondary stakeholders, those who influence a development intervention or are indirectly affected
by it. They include the project staff, implementing agencies, local governments, civil society
organizations, private sector firms, and other development agencies. Executive Officer, line
departments such as PHED, PWD etc. were amongst the stakeholders consulted.
A preliminary discussion was held with some of the stakeholders on the concept of CDP and purpose
of meeting was indicated to them. The participants shared their ideas, views on the existing
developmental issues. The problems or issues came out of consultation has been summed -up in the
report at appropriate place.
1.8 CONSULTATION
As per the process of information propagation and collecting relevant information for the
requirements of the project, government officials from various line departments were consulted during
the field visit.
1.9 TECHNICAL APPROACH

The entire work to be carried out has been grouped into various stages. These have been carefully
framed after appreciation of the various tasks to be performed. Theses stages are shown below. Each
of these Stages contains a set of tasks. Subsequently, the Description of the Methodology for each
Stage is detailed in succeeding paragraphs.
Stage I: Project Initiation
Stage II: Status Assessment
Stage III: Vision, Sector Goals and Strategies
Stage IV: Development Strategies
Stage V: CIP and FOP
Stage VI: Formulation of Draft City Development Plan
Stage VI: Formulation of Final City Development Plan
Stage I: Project Initiation
The Consultant team was mobilized in the mid of April 2011. The Project start-up process
commenced with the arrival of the team on site. Consulting team interacted with client and concerned
officials including the elected representatives of Danapur Nagar Parishad (DNP).
The team did the reconnaissance survey of city, collected data including reports of earlier studies and
organised discussions with ULB officials, representatives at concerned government agencies and key
stakeholders to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the city‟s development and to provide an
understanding of what impedes service delivery and management within the existing set-up and what
contributes to better service provision. The following heads were covered:
1. Demography Profile
2. Economic Base
3. Urban poor
4. Infrastructure Profile (Physical & Social)
5. Environment, Heritage and Tourism
6. Government policies and programs
7. Financial Profile
8. Institutional Aspects
As part of the stage I, kickoff workshop was organized in the city.
Stage II: Status Assessment
Sector Analysis
At this stage the Consultant analysed the current situation with reference to each of the sector
identified. The status assessment is based on review of both primary and secondary data and
stakeholders views. SWOT of all identified critical sectors has been done based on the current status
to project.
City Profile
The city profile includes the outcome of the analysis of the existing situation in all the sectors
identified and inputs from the city assessment. The parameters primarily include demography,
economic base, finance, physical and environmental issues, infrastructure and universalization of
services especially for the poor. The Consultants further identified the project components and the
existing demand-supply gap. The gap evaluation is done through Strength, Weakness, Opportunity,
Threat (SWOT) analysis. This also include in-depth institutional assessment of organizational
capacity, orientations of municipal administration and elected members towards urban reforms,
promoting economic development, role of private sector, empowerment of the poor etc., and
institutional capacity to deliver effective and efficient governance.
Inception Report Submission
At the completion of this stage the consultants have prepared the Inception Report. The Inception
Report includes report of Kick-Off Workshop along with demand assessment of identified projects
and projects in pipeline. The report also includes rapid urban assessment including surveys and review
of town‟s economic development, physical planning and growth management, physical infrastructure,
social infrastructure and municipal finance.
Stage III: Vision, Sector Goals and Strategies
2nd Workshop (City Vision and Sector Goals)
The outcome of city profile comprising the existing status assessment of identified critical sectors has
been presented to the stakeholders groups identified at the inception stage. The participants included
members of Steering Group, elected representative, municipal officials, representatives of identified
line departments, NGOs, CBOs, religious leaders, youth association etc. The As-Is situation of the
town has been presented to the stakeholders for their views and suggestions. The primary objective of
holding the 2nd workshop is to develop city vision and sector goals. Therefore the post presentation
discussion oriented towards developing a collective and shared vision for the town. Further discussion
has been initiated on strategies, priorities and major actions that will be required in the next five years
to move towards Vision 2030.
A vision is a statement that indicates where city/ study area aspires to go, within a given timeframe.
The vision is developed by considering the physical characteristics of the study area, its strengths,
potential, issues, future focus areas and preferences of the residents of the city. The aim is to have
most desirable public-private and community participation and a spirit of ownership and sense of
belonging with pride among its citizens and to arrive at an overall „goal‟ to develop the study area in
such a way that it fulfill the needs of all its citizens. This exercise has been conducted in order to
define the broad directions for future development of study area. A consensus approach has been built
among the various groups of stakeholders in an integrated and cohesive manner to arrive at a common
vision for the city. The Sector wise visions will be fulfilled through sectoral strategies.
Projection
Preparation of CDP requires forecasting of population for the horizon year 2030, which is the most
critical planning input for calculation of other sectoral demand like housing, infrastructure, trade and
commerce, socio-cultural facilities, etc.
Considering variations in size and character of these towns, one method of population projection is
not sufficient to project the population of whole area covering all settlements. The use of methods of
population projection depends upon the future potential of economic development of particular town.
Therefore the suitable population projection methods are used in projecting the population of
settlements falling in the area. Some of the population projection methods are Linear Method,
Geometric Growth Method, Exponential Curve Method, Compounded Average Growth Rate etc.
Sector Goal and Strategies
The Sector wise goals has been evolved followed by formulation of sectoral strategies. These sectors
has been identified critical sectors, which include demography, economic development, land and
housing, urban poor and slum, physical infrastructure (water supply, sewerage and sewage disposal,
storm water drainage), social infrastructure (health, education, community services, recreational
facilities etc.), Environment, Heritage Conservation and Tourism, Traffic and Transportation,
Institutional framework, municipal finance etc. The sectors mentioned here may change at the time of
CDP process because CDP has been prepared only for critical identified sectors identified by
consultant (based on the scope of work and requirement of the particular ULB) and ratified by
stakeholders during kick-off workshop.
The sector goals have been developed based on the aspiration of various stakeholders and vision for
city for horizon year 2030. Sectoral strategies have been developed in consultation with local
counterparts and representatives of identified key line departments. Sector strategy is a plan of action
designed to achieve a particular goal set for respective sectors. Sector strategy has been the best
possible practical process to achieve the desired goal by utilizing all the available resources (internal
and external) in a sustainable way. Local counterparts representing each sector, having knowledge of
subject and well aware of limitation along with potential played critical role in finalizing the sectoral
strategies.
The process of developing sectoral strategies are not dependent only upon existing status assessment,
SWOT; views of the local counterpart but also enriched by taking the suitable example of best
practices at national and international level. By adopting this process, comprehensive development
strategies has been developed for each sector, which can be replicate to other cities.
Presentation of the Vision, Goal and Sector Strategies
The expected output at the end of this phase is a city vision, sector goals and possible strategies for
operationalization of the various sectors. A presentation has been made to all stakeholders.
Stage IV: Development Strategies and Priority Actions

Evaluation of Strategies
The development strategies for each sector developed earlier were evaluated by Consultants from the
perspective of their contribution to achieve the city vision and sector goals. The evaluation was done
by adopting the following two steps:
Development of Criteria for Evaluation
The criteria were developed to evaluate the sectoral strategies developed at earlier stage for each
sector. It will help in prioritizing the strategies and programs for city development. The evaluation of
strategies involved assessment of each sectoral strategy against a set of goal based criteria and using
those results in determining project importance. This was done in consultation with Steering Group.
Application of Criteria
The criteria developed for evaluation was applied on sectoral strategies and accordingly development
strategies of each sector will be modified. The prioritization of strategies took a special care of the fact
of capacity of implementing agency and availability of fund (external and internal sources) so that
only doable projects are proposed.
Discussion on Development Strategies and Action Plan
After evaluation and prioritization of sectoral strategies final developed operational strategies was
discussed with Steering Group and other key stakeholders. To implement the operational strategies of
each identified sector, the strategies were transcended into prioritized projects and action plan.
Implementation plan of each project will also be discussed and finalized.
Governance Framework and Reform Action Plan
Analysis of the existing institutional set-up
The existing institutional-set up was analyzed within the framework of Bihar Municipal Act, 2007
(BMA). All the aspect of BMA were reviewed in terms of powers vis-à-vis capacity of ULB to
implement the City Development Plan.
Status of Reforms
The status of implementation of municipal reforms in ULB was also assessed. The Consultants
conducted consultation with ULB, representatives from the reform programs and local counterparts to
examine the status of reforms in terms of capacity and jurisdiction. The process ascertains whether the
current reforms are consistent with the vision and strategy plan and sustain the planned intervention
for horizon year 2030. The current reforms were judged in terms of their current and future capacity to
implement development plan.
Reform Proposal
If the current reforms are not sufficient or capable to implement the development plan, then additional
reforms will be proposed. Under this suggestions will be given for institutional restructuring required
for successful implementation of CDP. To implement the CDP under the proposed reforms, requisite
qualified human resources are required. Therefore the available human resources will be assessed in
the context of the proposed reforms. The available human resources with ULB should be able to
implement the CDP. If there is any gap between the desired and available quality and quantity of
human resources, then this gap will be highlighted and strategies to bridge the gap will be suggested.
Stage V: Capital Investment Plan
The capital investment plan will be prepared for identified project for City Development Plan 2030 by
following the below steps:
Cost Estimates
All the projects of each identified sector were quantified in terms of numbers, length, width, area etc.
The costing of projects will be done based on the schedule rates of Bihar State and Central Schedule
Rates were referred if the state rates are not updated or available.
Determination of Source of Funding
The funding is required for the identified and prioritized projects to implement the city development
plan. Therefore this is the critical aspect to CDP process. The possible sources of fund could be
central government, state government, ULB‟s own sources, financial institutions, donor programs,
public private partnership etc. Detailed consultations will be conducted with various stakeholders to
determine the type and source of funding from the above mentioned sources. The implication in terms
of conditions of all potential sources of funding will be assessed before finalization.
Assessment of Investment Constraints
Funding Constraints
All the procedural constraints related to the funding process were identified and to remove the
constraints, consultations were held with relevant public sector agencies and departments responsible
for processing investment proposals and development applications to assess the extent to which
revisions are required in order to facilitate acceptable proposals.
Implementation Constraints
If the fund is made available for implementation of the CDP proposals, then a simplified and easy
regulatory process is required for actual implementation of plan. A regulatory audit will be undertaken
of planning and building regulations, standards and administrative procedures to identify priority
changes and options for their early introduction and enforcement.
Priority Actions and Developing CIP
Preparation of Capital Investment Plan (CIP) included the level of investment requirements to
implement the CDP by adopting the financial norms or standards for service provision and their up
gradation, restoration, relocation etc., and directly estimating the cost of implementing the reform
agenda. All the investment required to implement the CDP proposals were divided into different
sources of funding. It was prepared in consultation with the ULB and parastatal organization and with
detailed assessment of available resources (internal and external) along with a logical sequencing of
implementation plan.
The CIP explained the details cost born by all sources (like public sector, private sector, ULB‟s own
sources, funding agencies etc.) along with the O & M estimates of all priority project for first five
years. An appropriate institutional mechanism were proposed for coordination for various sources of
fund available at the state and ULB level including methods for integrating with all sources of fund.
Interim Report
At this stage Consultant has submitted the Interim Report. This report includes the report of 2nd
Workshop along with City Vision and Sector Goals Strategic Plan identifying areas of development
and physical requirement with special attention to local economic development/poverty reduction
measures; Capital Investment needs based on system performance assessment, demand assessment,
project identification and costing; Capital Investment Plan (CIP); Priority Asset Management Plan
including operation and maintenance plan for services and for lands vested with the ULB has been
prepared for the first 5 years;
Stage VI: Draft City Development Plan
Financial Operating Plan (FOP)
The financial operation plan covers baseline scenario with no change in existing situation and
alternate scenario with sustainable rate of growth and help in preparation of Project Funding
Requirement, Funding Strategies; Likely Impact of New Investments & suggestions on improving
existing accounting framework.
Once the City Investment is prepared, the consultant prepared a Financial Operating Plan with a view
to make sure that the financial feasibility and sustainability of ULB is fully judged and also that it
takes care of the government‟s fiscal and economic policies and the general macro environment. In
view of the emerging trend amongst municipal bodies on revamping of their accounting and financial
policies in line with contemporary practices, the Consultant has adopted an integrated approach
combining it with the institutional and legal reforms.
Revenue Enhancement Measures
To meet the current and future financial requirements for developmental activities, ULBs will have to
really improvise on generating higher revenue by way of better structuring and management of
operations, fixation of tariffs, user charges, rents, reducing the wasteful expenditure and involving
private sector wherever it is desirable and possible, etc.
Operation & Management and Debt
Under FOP, O & M and debts has been estimated in phased manner for a sustainable financial
management. Generally as is the practice currently across ULBs, the highly valuable assets of heavy
investment are deteriorated due to the lack of proper O & M. Therefore adequate measures have been
suggested for the operation and maintenance of all the assets of various services provided by the ULB.
CDP Workshop (3rd Workshop)

At this stage workshop has been organized to finalize the Draft CDP. It included participation from all
stakeholders who have been part in the process of preparation of the CDP. All components of CDP
were presented like city vision, sectoral goals, sectoral strategies, prioritization of project and
strategies; costing of project, CIP, etc. to the stakeholders and endorsement for the CDP components,
process and performance monitoring mechanism have been taken for finalization of Draft CDP.
Draft City Development Plan
At this stage Consultant has prepared City Development Plan-Draft Final Report. Draft CDP report
shall include the report of 3rd Workshop along with Financial Operating Plan (FOP) outlining the
revenue enhancement measures required to sustain proposed investments. The consultant has
suggested suitable actions for project sizing and/or project implementation, and action plans to sustain
investments based on capital investment needs; policy interventions outlining institutional changes
and policy reforms required for effective governance and financial management; technical assistance
outlining assistance required for effective implementation of the Capital Investment Plan.
STAGE VII: FINAL CDP
Preparation and Submission of Final CDP
The Consultants shall prepare the final CDP report incorporating the suggestions and comments
obtained from client on Draft CDP and submit the same as specified in the TOR. The final document
will be presented to the UD&HD for finalization. The document will thereafter be submitted to the
urban local bodies along with an executive summary that is to be used for wider dissemination by the
urban local body.
A diagrammatic presentation of the methodology proposed for preparing the City Development Plan
is given in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1-1: CDP Planning Process
Final City Development Plan
Draft CDP & Report of

3rd Workshop STAGE VII
Draft City Development Plan
Interim Report & Report of

the 2ndWorkshopon City STAGE VI
Vision and Sector Goals
City Investment Plan and Financial Operating Plan
STAGE V
CONSULTATIONS
Development Strategies
FEEDBACK
2nd Workshop on City

Vision and Sector Goals STAGE IV
Vision, Sector Goals and Strategies
Inception Report & Report

STAGE III
on 1st Workshop
Status Assessment
Kick Off Workshop STAGE II
Project Initiation
STAGE I
1.10 STRUCTURE OF THE DRAFT REPORT

The Draft Report comprises seven chapters as stated below:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: City Profile
Chapter 3: Sector Analysis and Gap Assessment
Chapter 4: Stakeholders‟ Consultation and Proceedings of 3rd Workshop
Chapter 5: Priority Projects and Strategies
Chapter 6: Capital Investment Plan
Chapter 7: Financial Operating Plan
*****
2 CITY PROFILE
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter on City Profile is based on the information gathered from both primary and secondary
sources and it deals with historical, demographic, economic and spatial profile of the city.
2.2 HISTORY AND GROWTH

2.2.1 History
The history and tradition of Patna go back to the earliest dawn of civilization. The original name of
Patna was Patliputra or Patlipattan and its history makes a start from the century 600 B.C. The name
Patna has undergone many changes at its earliest stages like Patligram, Kusumpur, Patliputra,
Azimabad etc., ultimately terminating to the present one. Chandragupta Maurya made it his capital in
the 4th century A.D. Thereafter the city lost its importance until Sherkhan Suri rose into power in the
early 16th century A.D. Another version that comes to focus is that there existed a village named
Pattan or Patthan, which later turned into Patna. It has been said that Patliputra was founded by
Ajatashatru. Patna, therefore, has become inextricably bound up with the ancient Patliputra. The
ancient village was named „Patali‟ and the word „Pattan‟ was added to it. Greek history mentions
„Palibothra‟ which perhaps is Patliputra itself.
Ajatashatru had to adopt certain security measures in order to protect Patna from the repeated
Lichchavi invasions. He had got a natural riverine fort protected by three rivers. Ajatashatru‟s son had
moved his capital from Rajagriha to Patliputra and this status was maintained during the reign of the
Mauryas and the Guptas. Ashoka the Great administered his empire from here. Chandragupta Maurya
and Samudragupta, Valliant warriors, they took Patliputra as their capital. It was from here
Chahandragupta sent forth his army to fight the Greeks of the western frontier and Chandragupta
Vikramaditya repelled the Shakas and the Huns from here. It was there that the Greek ambassador
Megasthenes stayed during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya. The famous traveller Fa-Hien in the
3rd century and Hiuen-Tsang in the 7th century inspected the city. Many noted scholars like Kautilya
stayed here and works like „Arthashastra‟ were written from this place. This city was the fountainhead
of the spring of knowledge and wisdom in ancient times.
Prince Azim-us-Shan, the grandson of Aurangzeb came as the Governor of Patna in 1703. Earlier then
that Sher Shah had removed his capital from Biharsharif to Patna. It was prince Azim-us-Shan who
tried to turn Patna into a beautiful city and it was he who gave it the name „Azimabad‟. The common
people however went on calling it „Patna‟.
2.2.2 History of Danapur Nagar Parishad

Danapur Nagar Parishad was established in 1889. The population of DNP is 131176 (census of India,
2001) with the total area of 11.63sq.km. Before 2006 the area of the town is divided into 28 wards and
it has increased to 40 wards in 2006. The town is under control of Nagar Palika Parishad which is
governed by elected Members. Executive officer is the representative of the Government looking after
day to day affairs of the Parishad.
2.2.3 District Profile
Danapur is a satellite town of Patna, the Capital City in Bihar and is only 25 km. from Patna. It is
spread in about 11.63 Sq.km areas. and lies between 84°59‟90 E & 85º5‟5 E longitude &
25º”36‟10”N & 25º39‟10 N latitude. It is located on the bank of the River Sone which merges with
River Ganges at Digha a few kilometers from Danapur. Danapur is a shelter and hatchery for the
migrating Siberian Cranes, locally called Janghil. The town has grown up considerably and at a very
fast speed during the last few years because of its proximity to Patna, but in unplanned manner. The
town has skeleton facilities of roads, electricity, telephone, water supply and drainage etc.
Figure 2-1: Danapur Town in Regional Context
INDIA Bihar
Bihar
Patna District
Danapur Ward Map
Patna District
Dana
pur
2.2.4 Location and Linkages

Danapur railway station is located on Mugalsarai -Howarh main rail line. The town is well connected
with many other important cities through rail and road communication. National Highway NH-30
links the town to other cities like Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. The nearest airport is Patna.
2.3 PHYSICAL PROFILE

2.3.1 Topography
The topography of the town is such that it is sloping away from the river Ganga in the north. The
Ganga river bank is higher than most of the city areas. The average ground level of river bank is 59 m
whereas of city area is 53 m from MSL. The slopes are quite gentle and in general the main area of
town has flat topography having level difference between maximum & minimum as 7 m.
2.3.2 Climate
Hot summer and pleasant winter season characterize climate of Patna. The cold season starts from
November to February, summer from March to June & the Monsoon from July to September. Other
months are transition months. Annual temperature varies from 5°C to.45°C
2.3.3 Rainfall
The average rainfall is 1100 mm per annum during the months of June to September. It receives
medium to heavy rainfall in the monsoon. Relative humidity can go up to 100% during summer.
2.4 DEMOGRAPHY
Cities are the major contributors to the National Gross Domestic Product and its physical
manifestations usually starts with urbanization and as can be seen in developed countries, planned
urbanization can lead to tremendous rise in economic opportunities and prosperity. However if the
development is not controlled and planned, it results in undesirable by-products like slums and urban
poor. The cities of this century have become a dominant factor in the National‟s Social, Economic,
Cultural and Political matrix. In this section Danapur city‟s demographic characteristics are analyzed
to understand the planning implications emerging out of the demographic assessment.
The demands are assessed as per the perceived needs of the inhabitants and floating population of the
city. This chapter gives a fair idea about the population statistics which in turn drives the demand for
facilities for the city.
2.4.1 Population and Population Density
As shown in the Table 2.1 and Figure 2.2 the reason for declined population in the year 1961is not
known. It started increasing with the decadal growth rate of 21.43% in 1971 to 55.05% in the year
2001. The current estimated population of Danapur as per DNP is approximately 183000 (2010).
Table 2.1: Population and Growth Rate of Danapur Town
S. No. Year Population Decadal Growth Rate
1 1951 42684
2 1961 35159 -17.63
3 1971 42694 21.43
4 1981 58,684 37.45
S. No. Year Population Decadal Growth Rate

5 1991 84616 44.19
6 2001 131176 55.03
Source: Census of India-2001
Figure 2-2: Population Growth Trend
Being in proximity to Patna the density of the town in 2001, was 11279 persons per sq.km slightly
lower than Patna, which had a density of 13220 people per sq. km. in 2001.
2.4.2 Sex Ratio
Sex ratio is a sensitive indicator of the status of women in society, at a given point of time. India‟s
low sex ratio of 933 females per 1000 males in the current Census 2001 reveals a continuing
imbalance in gender relations. The current sex ratio according to census of India, 2001 is 890, lower
than the national average, state and district average.
2.4.3 Literacy Rate
Literacy is an important indicator in showing the status of social development. Danapur had an
average literacy rate of 66.0 percent; male literacy is 76.46 percent and female literacy is 56 percent.
2.4.4 Household Size
Household detail is significant for an estimation of the city services. Average household size in
Danapur as per Census of India, 2001 is 7.1 person per family.
2.4.5 Population SC/ST Group
Schedule Cast (SC) and Schedule Tribe (ST) population is also found in the city. As per the 2001
census the percentage of SC population is 8%. On the other hand ST population is almost negligible.
Details are given in the Table 2.2 and Figure 2.3.
Figure 2-3:Social Structure
Table 2.2: Social Structure

Population Schedule Cast Schedule Tribe
131176 10958 381
Source: Census of India-2001
2.4.6 Summary Observation
The summary of the above chapter is given in Table 3.3.
Table 2.3: Summary of Demographic Information of Danapur
Total Population, 2001 131176
Literacy Rate 66.0%
Male Literacy Rate 76.46%
Female Literacy Rate 56%
SC Population 8%
ST Population 0%
Sex Ratio 890
Source: Census of India, 2001
DNP is divided into 40 administrative wards spread over 11.63sq.km area. The population of
town of Danapur is 131176 as per 2001 Census.
The literacy rate is 66%, and Sex ratio 890 females per 1000 males, which is very less compared
to the national average of 933.
The percentage of Scheduled Caste and Schedule Tribe (SC/ST) is just 8% of the total population
2.5 POPULATION PROJECTION

Population projections form an important exercise as population provides the base for the calculation
of all most infrastructural and services demand for the city.
Demographic projections for Danapur City are designed to meet both short-term and long-term
planning needs, but are not designed to be exact forecasts or to project specific annual variation,
because of the limitation of Data availability i.e. the fluctuating trend in increase in population.
In year 1991, population was 84616 which increased to 131176 in year 2001. The current estimate of
population of DNP is 183000. The population increased from 1991 to 2001 with an annual growth
rate of 5.5% and from 2001 to 2010 with a rate of 3.9% (Table 2.4).
Table 2.4: Population and Growth Rate of Danapur City
Year Population Density Area ( in Decadal Growth Annual Growth
(Person/ SqKm) sq. km) Rate Rate (%)
1981 58684 5046 11.63 - -
1991 84616 7276 11.63 44.19 4.4
2001 131176 11279 11.63 55.03 5.5
2010 183000* 15735 11.63 39.51 3.9
Source: Census, 2001 and generated by consultant
* Estimated Population by 2010 Census
There are various methods available to project population of cities. However, the most often used
method for medium range time period and small geographical areas (cities) are growth rate approach
and trend line methods. The population of Danapur Nagar Parishad has been projected using three
different methods which are explained below:
Linear Method
P (t+n) = Pt {1+ (n*a)}
Where Pt - is population at time„t‟
P (t+n) - is population at time (t+n)
n - is number of time periods
a - is the average change in the past time periods
Geometric Growth Method
P (t+n) = Pt (1+r)n
Where Pt - is the population at time„t‟
P (t+n) - is the population at time (t+n)
n - is the number of time periods
r - is the average percentage of change in population over past time period
Exponential Curve Method
P (t+n) = Pt * en
Where Pt - is population at time „t‟
P (t+n) - is population at time (t+n)
n - is average percentage of change in population over past time period.
Note: Often the rate „r‟ is not calculated, but estimated based on historical patterns and judgment for
the future. CAGR (Compounded Average Growth Rate) of population for the period 1981-2001 is
taken as „r‟ for the above calculations.
The Demographic projections are based on assumptions made about future fertility, mortality, net
migration, inter-state mobility, living arrangement type and labour force participation patterns of the
population." This information can be used to help assess the demand for resources such as housing,
related services required to meet the needs of future residents. Population projections prepared using
the adjusted 2001 census base (Table 2.5). Various projection methods have been applied to find out
the future population based on the past trend. The following table gives the projected population
obtained by various projecting techniques for the Horizon year 2030.
Table 2.5: Population Projection
Year Linear Method Geometric Growth Method Exponential Curve Method
2012 189195 189195 189302
2013 195391 195601 195820
2014 201586 202223 202563
2015 207782 209069 209538
2016 213977 216147 216754
2017 220173 223465 224218
2018 226368 231030 231938
2019 232564 238852 239925
2020 238759 246938 248187
2021 244955 255298 256733
2022 251150 263941 265574
2023 257346 272877 274719
2024 263541 282115 284178
2025 269737 291666 293964
2026 275932 301541 304087
2027 282128 311750 314558
2028 288323 322304 325389
2030 300714 344497 348185
Source: Generated by Consultant
After examining the various populations forecast methods outcomes and examining the existing
scenario of economic development, the forecast based on Exponential Curve Method is perceived to
be most appropriate. The projected population using Exponential Curve Method i.e. total
population of 348185 in the horizon year 2030 is taken up for further estimation of services for
City Development Plan 2030.
The Figure 2.4 show the trend of projected population which depict the rate of growth of Danapur
City.
Figure 2-4 : Projected Population
2.6 ECONOMIC PROFILE

Economic base of a town reflects its prosperity and is equally important to understand the economic
sustainability of town, which is critical to ascertain the overall sustainable development of city.
Agricultural produce contributes maximum to the economy. The household industries and informal
sector play significant role in providing employment and income generation. This section focuses on
number of workers, their category, and occupational pattern of the City. Attempt has also been made
to define the markets centers and industrial activities catering not only to the city but also the outer
fringe area, as they have considerable effect on the City‟s economic profile.
2.6.1 Work Force Participation
As per the 2001 census, Danapur work participation rate is 25 %. There are 32459 total workers, out
of which 28740 are the main workers and 3719 are marginal workers. The percentage of main
workers and marginal workers accounts to 89% and 11% of the total workers population respectively.
Table 2.6 shows the work force participation rate and percentage of workers in all categories.
Table 2.6: Work Force Participation
In Number In Percentage
Total Population WPR Total Main Marginal Main Marginal
Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers
131176 25% 32459 28740 3719 89 11
2.6.2 Occupational Pattern & Number of Workers in Different Sectors

The socio-economic condition of the town shows that of the total workforce 4 % are engaged in
cultivation, 12% are agricultural labourers and 6% of workers are engaged in household industries.
The remaining 78% workers are engaged in other activities like service, trade and commerce, industry
etc. The details are given in the Table 2.7 and Figure 2.5.
Figure 2-5: Occupational Pattern of Danapur
Table 2.7: Occupational Pattern, DNP
S. No. Activities Numbers % Age

1 Cultivators 1227 4
2 Agricultural laborers 3394 12
3 Household Industries 1579 6
4 Other Sectors 22540 78
Total Main Workers 28740 100

2.6.3 Economic Base
A good number of people are engaged in trade and business. The town has educational facilities of
Secondary Schools and Intermediate Colleges. With the fast development of the town several Govt.
offices and commercial establishments have emerged. There is no large scale or heavy industry worth
mentioning. The importance of this town is steadily increasing being a satellite town of Patna as well
as being situated on Delhi - Howrah rail line.
Economic conditions of the people are similar to those of any average Indian medium town. The town
is electrified and has normal communication and telephone facilities as well.
The major source of living in city is service, trade and commerce and industries along with
agriculture. There are some industries also in the city, among them a casting iron rod factory, a flour
mill and BATA factory are worth mentioning.
2.6.4 Agricultural Related Activity

The land around Danapur town is quite fertile and well irrigated by the tube wells / canal. Agriculture
is also providing significant employment (14%) in the city. The main crops are paddy, sugarcane and
other food grains.
2.6.5 Trade and Commerce
The most important commodities manufactured and exported in Danapur are shoes and iron is
imported.
2.6.6 Tourism
Gurdwara Handi Sahib is situated in Danapur, 20 km west of old Patna City. Guru Tegh Bahadur had
returned to Punjab in April 1670 leaving his family behind at Patna. Devotees who visit Patna sahib
definitely pay their homage to Handi Sahib. And being in proximity to Patna, Danapur can cater to the
tourism needs.
2.6.7 Industrial Activity
There are few industries in the town: one iron rod casting factory, Bata shoes factory and flour mill.
There was one biscuit factory which is nonfunctional these days.
2.6.8 Informal Sector
Informal sector in the form of multitude of small/petty trading and casual labor is the outcome of large
sections of unemployed and under-employed rural areas and other small neighboring towns looking
forward to cities like Danapur for employment and enter the city to move up in the economy ladder.
Thus, Danapur has a wage paid service sector and an equally large informal sector comprising of
traditional bazaar etc. This sector plays a significant role in the city‟s economic growth.
Informal sector in form of street vending as a profession has been in existence in almost every city
since time immemorial. However, their number has increased manifold in the recent years. Women
constitute a large number of street vendors in almost every city. Some studies estimate that street
vendors constitute approximately 2% of the population of a metropolis. Urban vending is not only a
source of employment but provide „affordable‟ services to the majority of urban population. The role
played by the hawkers in the economy as also in the society needs to be given due credit and
facilitating inputs for organized growth. These informal sector units locate themselves strategically
near work centers, commercial areas, outside the boundary of schools, colleges, hospitals, bus
stations, etc. Table 2.8 shows the types of vendors in an informal set up in Danapur.
Table 2.8: Type of vendors
Male Female Total
Fixed 252 32 284
Moving 101 49 150
Total Vendors 353 81 434
Source: SPUP Data
2.6.9 Issues
Lack of tourism infrastructure.
All commercial nodes are congested and overcrowded.
Household industry is creating noise, water and air pollution in the residential area of the town.
In absence of the service lanes all loading and unloading of goods are carried out on the main
roads leading to congestion and traffic blocks in peak hours.
2.7 LAND USE

Urban land use comprises two elements i.e. the nature of land use which relates to what activities are
taking place and where, and the level of spatial accumulation, which indicates their intensity and
concentration. The behavioral patterns of individuals, institutions and firms have an imprint on land
use. The Broad land use gives the total proportion of land that can be developed or is developable and
the quantum of land that is non-developable. The non-developable land consists of water bodies and
reserved forest, which should not be developed to maintain the fragile ecosystem in place.
The core area of the city is major commercial/trading hub where all wholesale and retail activities are
performed. The trade/market places acted as the pull factor for the growth of the city. This has
resulted in intense development in the core, diminishing towards to the periphery. The major Landuse
pattern within the municipal limit of Danapur town can be classified as follows:
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Public / Semi-Public
Transportation
Parks and Open Spaces/recreational
Undeveloped comprising of the following:
o Agricultural and Vacant Land
o Water bodies (including river)
The actual area under various land use in the town has not been calculated under this assignment,
therefore an approximate land use has been calculated. This exercise is based on field observation and
no land use specific surveys have been conducted as this was not a part of study. Therefore the
tentative land use based on just observation should not be referred for any technical purpose.
As shown in Table 2.9, it is estimated that majority of the developed land is under residential usage
(approximately 40%), followed by agriculture related (approximately 37%), transportation
(approximately 10%), public & semi-public (approximately 8%), commercial (approximately
3%), industrial (approximately 1%) and recreational (1%). The most stunning land use deficiency
is under recreational (existing 1% and required 18-20%) as there are very less recreational places in
the city.
Table 2.9: Tentative Land Use of DNP
S. No. Land Use Class Approximate Percentage
1 Residential 40
3 Commercial 3
4 Public & Semi Public 8
5 Recreational 1
6 Industrial 1
7 Transportation 10
8 Agriculture & Related, Water bodies, vacant 37
Total 100
Source: generated by the consultant
Although Master Plan has been prepared for Patna and Patna Urban Agglomeration and Danapur is a
part of Patna Agglomeration but due to some reason it could not be notified.
Figure 2-6: Land Use of Danapur
2.7.1 Physical Planning (including land use map)

Danapur is divided into 40 administrative wards spread over 11.63sqkm area (Figure 2.5). The total
population of DNP is 131176, which has been accommodated into 18473 households.
Figure 2-7: Ward Map of DNP

2.7.2 Growth Management
A town is like a living entity. Its size, shape and structure changes with the change in time, people and
systems of the society. As mentioned above Danapur town has experienced a continuous growth in
past few decades in terms of population. As told by the DNP official Danapur town has witnessed a
steady spatial growth. The existing landuse of Danapur Nagar Parishad is mainly divided into eight
categories, e.g. public and semi-public, commercial, residential, Railway, low-lying wasteland, water
bodies and agriculture. The detail of area under different land uses will be calculated at later stage.
The terrain here is generally plain or low-lying.
As shown in Figure 2-8, the town is surrounded by Ganga River in North. Satellite images show that
there is large depression with some water in it in the north of Danapur town. The natural tendency of
Danapur has been to grow along with the major spines i.e. NH-30. Land availability is constraint in
Danapur NP and the current density of population in Danapur town varies among wards. Within the
town population is distributed into 40 municipal wards. The average population density here 11279
persons per sq.km. The density of population decreases as we move out of the city. The future growth
of the town according to the DNP officials is towards south and west.
Figure 2-8 : Growth direction of Danapur Nagar Parishad
2.7.3 Land Management (including land availability)

As per DNP, Northern side of the town is surrounded by Ganga River so further growth cannot take
place in that direction. DNP does not own any vacant land. Whatever land is lying vacant in city is
owned by Bihar State Government.
2.7.4 Issues Related to Spatial Development
The inner city area has become congested in terms of density of population narrow lanes and
increased traffic. There is excessive commercial concentration and encroachment on the streets.
Lack of recreation and sports facilities.
Land is a major constraint in Danapur. Horizontal expansion of city restricted due to water
logging problem. Therefore city is witnessing vertical growth.
The main roads of the city has become congested and overcrowded because of encroachment on
the road by the hawkers, shopkeepers and on-road parking of trucks and other city vehicles.
Lack of implementation of development controls.
Unabated conversion of agricultural use to residential use and further to commercial use.
*****
3 SECTOR ANALYSIS AND GAP ASSESSMENT
3.1 PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Availability adequacy and accessibility of urban services are important indicators to assess the
livability of any city. They act as catalysts for economic development. Thus, infrastructure may be
defined as the basic facilities, which any developed area requires for sustaining the activities being
carried out in it. Infrastructure facilities play an important role in fostering economic growth and
enhancing public welfare. By and large, the infrastructure may be divided into two categories:
Physical infrastructure including Water supply, Drainage, Sewerage, Solid Waste management,
Electricity and Street lighting, Traffic and Transportation etc. Social infrastructure includes education,
health facilities, other socio-economic and cultural facilities etc.
3.1.1 Water Supply
Water supply is one of the important municipal services. The service levels of the water supply
system in DNP are assessed by per capita water supply; percentage of storage capacity and percentage
of treatment capacity.
3.1.1.1 Groundwater
The Patna district is underlain by unconsolidated formation which is quaternary to Upper quaternary
of age group. Lithologically, the district is made up of recent alluvium, clay, silt, sand, gravel pebbles
with concentration of calcareous materials. From the groundwater potential point of view the entire
district falls under good to very good category (Figure 3.1). The presence of kankar (nodules of
CaCO3) and fine sand at places render the top clay zone semi-pervious in nature, where ground water
occurs under phreatic condition. During pre-monsoon season, the minimum and maximum water
levels were observed as 3.00 and 8.57 m bgl respectively. About 25 % of the wells have the water
level in the range of 2 – 5 m bgl). In majority of the wells (76 %), the water levels remain in the range
of 5 – 10 m bgl. The spatial distribution of water levels during this season reveals that the south-west
and eastern parts of the district are observed with a depth range from 3 to 6 m bgl while in the central
part the depth to water level ranges from 6 – 9 m bgl (Figure 3-1). The water level measurement
during post-monsoon season ranges from 1.40 to as deep as 7.34 m bgl. There are each 36.36 % of
wells observed in depth range of 2 – 5 and 5 – 10 m bgl whereas about 27.27 % of wells observed in 0
– 2 m bgl depth range. Spatial distribution of water level shows that west, south-west and eastern parts
of the district, the water level ranges from 1 to 5 m bgl whereas in the central part around Bakhtiarpur
block and in Masaurhi block, the water level ranges from 5 to 7 m bgl (Figure 3-2).
Figure 3-1: Water level depth during pre-monsoon

Source: “Ground Water Information Booklet” for 2007 by CGWB
Figure 3-2: Water level depth during post-monsoon

Source: “Ground Water Information Booklet” for 2007 by CGWB
Groundwater Quality: The water samples collected from the network

of observation wells (dug wells) tapping water table aquifer and also
from deep tube wells tapping confined or leaky confined aquifer were
subjected to chemical analysis in the laboratory of CGWB, MER,
Patna. The quality of ground water in the water table aquifer is
acceptable for various uses as per the quality criteria laid down by ISI,
as nowhere it crosses the excessive limit. The ground water in the
confined/semi-confined aquifers is better than that of the water table
Photo: OHT in town
aquifer as it is within the „permissible‟ limit as per the quality criteria. The tube well water is
recommended for drinking and other domestic purposes in the district. However, Arsenic
concentration has been reported from Patna district. As concentration above the permissible limit (50
ppb) has been found from Haldi chappra in Maner block and Malayibanea in Barh block. As such in
Danapur there is no arsenic contamination, ground water quality is relatively good.
3.1.1.2 Existing Production of Water
Although River Ganga is in North the ground water is utilized as only source of water supply. There
are in all 6 tube-wells at present but 4 of these tube wells are very old tube-wells (more than 15 years)
and have lived their useful lives. Other 2 tube wells were also constructed more than 5 years back.
3.1.1.3 Existing Storage
Three overhead tanks (at ward no. 1, 18 and 31) of 250 KL capacity each exist at present out of which
one is defunct. The other two are also very old and their capacities (250 Kl each) are too meager
compared to the requirement. These can be utilized as reserved storage for firefighting/emergencies.
Table 3.1: Water Supply Service
S. No. Water Supply Units DNP
1 Total number of households having connections nos 11000 (40%)
2 Total no. of public hand pumps nos. 200
3 Total number of public stand posts including in slums nos. 43
4 No. of public stand posts in slums nos. 17
5 Total no. of tube wells nos. 8
Direct /2200000
6 Water supplied to the distribution system MLD.
Gallon/Day
7 Number of flat rate/ unmetered connections Nos. 2% of Holding Tax
8 Type of disinfection arrangement Bleaching Powder
Source: SPUR Data
3.1.1.4 Water Distribution Networks
Piped water supply was first introduced in the town in 1955. Since then the town has developed
many-folds. So much so that the water supply system seems to be skeleton now. The existing 40,090
m of pipelines need be abandoned and the same shall be salvaged by the ULB
The town is divided into 40 wards. For the smooth functioning and uniform supply of water, it has
been divided into 9 water supply zones, i.e. Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 3, Zone 4, Zone 5, Zone 6, Zone 7,
Zone 8, zone 9. Cantonment divides the town into two parts. One part consists of Zone 1 and other
part consists of Zone 2 to 8. Zone wise details are given below:-
ZONE- 1: This zone includes wards no. 1 to 6.
ZONE- 2: It includes wards no. 7 to 11.
ZONE- 3: It includes parts of wards no. 13, 18, 21, 22 and wards no.23 to 27 and 36.
ZONE- 4: It includes parts of wards no. 13, 18, 21, 22 and wards no.14, 15, 17, 19 and 20.
ZONE- 5: It includes ward no. 34 and parts of wards no. 29, 33, 34 & 35.
ZONE- 6: It includes part of ward no. 29 and wards no. 30, 31 & 32.
ZONE- 7: It includes ward no. 16 and parts of wards no. 12, 38 & 39.
ZONE- 8: It includes ward no. 37 and parts of wards no. 33, 34, 35 & 38.
ZONE- 9: It includes ward no. 40 and parts of wards no. 12 & 39.
Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) is responsible for production and distribution water
supply. The supply timing is only for few hours in a day.
3.1.1.5 Water Charges
Collection of water charges is done by municipality. It charges tariff of Rs. 5 form domestic
connection.
3.1.1.6 Water Treatment Facilities
Preliminary treatment is done through bleaching powder only.
3.1.1.7 Water Supply Projects
Government of India has initiated a program (DPR of water supply Reorganization Scheme (source &
storage) for Danapur Municipality) under UIG component of JNNURM for sustainable infrastructure
development of water supply in Danapur. The scheme has been designed for a period of 30 years
under UIG Component of JNNURM, with the base year taken as 2010, mid-year as 2025 and the
design year as 2040.
3.1.1.8 Present Demand and Supply Gap
The population of Danapur town has been accessed as 183000 in the year 2010. The existing works
are very much inadequate to meet out the present drinking water requirements of the town because of
increase in population of the town and extension of its Municipal limits. As stated above, out of 6
existing tube wells 4 are more than 15 years old & thus outlived their useful life. Apart from this,
storage capacity and distribution system are also inadequate for the town. A number of new
habitations have since been developed on the outskirts of the town necessitating extension of
distribution system. More-over population density has increased a lot in the core area of the town.
Hence, it has been considered imperative to prepare water supply reorganization scheme for this town.
And Government of India has initiated a program (DPR of water supply Reorganization Scheme
(source & storage) for Danapur Municipality) under UIG component of JNNURM for sustainable
infrastructure development of water supply in Danapur.
53 LPCD water is being supplied to DNP. As per the Manual of Water Supply and Treatment
prepared by the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) of the
Govt. of India, the town should have a minimum available water supply at the rate of 135 litres per
capita per day (LPCD) at the consumer‟s end. Since certain amount of leakage, wastage etc. is
inevitable and an extra allowance of 20% is provided. There is a gap of 102 lpcd
Table 3.2: Recommended Per Capita Water Supply Levels for Designing Schemes1
S. No. Classification of towns/cities Recommended maximum
water supply levels (lpcd)
1 Towns provided with piped water supply but without
53
sewerage system
2 Cities provided with piped water supply where sewerage
135
system is existing/contemplated
3 Metropolitan and Mega cities provided with piped water
155
supply where sewerage system is existing/contemplated
Source: http://www.niua.org/Publications/research_studies/Water_supply/status_ws_sew_swm_report.pdf
Table 3.3: Status Assessment of Water Supply with Indicators

Proposed Indicator Benchmark Status
Coverage of water supply connections (Households) 100% 40%
Per capita supply of water 135 lpcd 53 lpcd
Extent of metering of water connections 100% NA
Extent of non-revenue water (NRW) 20% NA
Continuity of water supply 24 hours 8 hours
Quality of water supplied (Potable) 100% NA
Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints 80% NA
Cost recovery in water supply services 100% NA
Efficiency in collection of water supply-related charges 90% NA
Source: Gazette of Bihar, 30-03-2011
Phased water requirements are computed for meeting domestic, institutional, commerce and trade as
also industrial needs, and are tabulated in Table 3.4. There is a demand of 54 MLD water by 2030.
Table 3.4: Water Requirement Phase wise
Year Projected Population Projected Water Demand (MLD) @ 155lpcd UFW & losses
2011 183,000 28.4
2015 209538 32.5
1
Note
In urban areas, where water is provided through public stand posts, 40 lpcd should be considered.
Figures exclude “Unaccounted for Water (UFW)” which should be limited to 15%.
Figures include requirements of water for commercial, institutional and minor industries. However, for bulk supply
such establishments should be assessed separately with proper justification.
Source: Ministry of Urban Development, Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation Manual
on Water Supply and Treatment, Third Edition – Revised and Updated (May 1999), New Delhi.
2020 248187 38.5

2025 293964 45.6
2030 348185 54.0
Source: Generated by consultant
3.1.1.9 Issues
These issues have been identified after by consultation with local people and with the PHED officials.
Some of the issues emerged during consultation with the PHED officials are given here.
No maintenance of old pipe lines
Inadequate Infrastructure
The UFW loss is above 40% due to poor and old supply network.
Lack of Staff
Provision of water supply connection in unauthorized colonies all around the town
Frequent power cuts
3.1.2 Sanitation and Sewerage
3.1.2.1 Existing Sewerage System
The city does not have a separate sewerage system. Mostly all the sewage gets an outlet into the
drains and or ultimately to the low lying areas and water bodies. This pollutes both the surface water
bodies and contaminates ground water by seeping in. Individual households have septic tanks Public
conveniences are present but not adequate and ill-maintained. Economically weaker section generally
defecates into the open field.
3.1.2.2 Access to Sewerage facility
Households having access to either Under Ground Drainage Facility or Septic Tank are considered to
have access to a safe disposal facility. In the absence of any underground sewerage system, the major
mode of sewerage disposal is on site sanitation.
As per Census of India 2001 and shown in Table 3.5 and Figure 3.3, shows that only 56% (8048) of
the households have bathroom facility within the house. Table 3.5 and Figure 3.4 shows around 46%
(8472) of the houses have water closet latrines followed by 18% (3250) having Pit latrines and 14%
(2602) have other type of latrines. Whereas 22% (4149) of the households have no in house latrine
facility and they defecate in open.
Table 3.5: Households with bathroom and toilet facilities
Total no of Number of HH having Type of latrine within the house
households bathroom facility within Pit latrine Water closet Other latrine No latrine
the house
18,473 8,048 3,250 8,472 2,602 4,149
Source: census of India, 2001
Figure.3-4: Bathroom facility within the Figure.3-3: Type of toilet facilities

house
Figure 3.5 shows that out of total houses only 72 % houses have
connectivity to some kind of waste water outlet facility.
Table 3.6: Houses by waste water drainage facility
Total Type of connectivity for waste water outlet
number of Closed Open
No drainage
Households drainage drainage
18,473 3,105 10,120 5,248 Figure 3-5: Houses by waste
water drainage facility
3.1.2.3 Service level and Coverage Indicators
Households having access to either Under Ground Sewerage Facility or Septic Tank are considered to
have access to a safe disposal facility. The indicator is represented as percentage of assessments
having access to safe disposal facility. Refer Table 3.7.
In the absence of any sewerage facility, the major mode of disposal is through individual septic tanks
and low cost sanitation. The one-third population is dependent on the Septic tanks and LCS for
sanitation in Urban Agglomeration area. In 1986, city pioneered the concept of low cost sanitation in
individual houses and row housing establishment. These tanks are cleared once in three to four years
with the help of cesspool cleaners. Often, wastewater is let out in to the streams polluting the potable
water. Sanitation Management is a major issue to be dealt with in Danapur.
Table 3.7: Sanitation Service Level Indicators
Availability of UGD System No
Quantity of Sewage in MLD 10 MLD
Total number of properties having toilet 16000 nos.
Total population with access to toilet 84000 nos.
No. of properties connected to sewerage system N/A nos.
No. of septic tanks 9566 nos.

No. of public conveniences in ULB 2 nos.
No. of public conveniences in slums N/A
Total water supplied in the areas connected to the sewerage system Open Drain
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) nos and capacity of each N/A
Quantity of sewage reaching each STP N/A
Source: CDP Patna, SPUR Data
3.1.2.4 Public Toilets
As there is no underground sewerage system in the town, the households depend either on other type
of latrines or depend on the other modes of disposal like public conveniences, slum population is
taken as a proxy for dependents on public convenience. There are 2 public conveniences in ULB.
As shown in Figure 3.4, based on 2001 census, there are 22% houses still lacking toilet. Most of the
people prefer open defecation because of mainly two reasons; first, culturally this is not a bad concept
and second, economically people are not well-off to bear the little extra financial burden. As per 2001
census data, there is a gap of 975 toilets as these houses are without toilet facility in DNP.
Additional to the household toilet, there is need for public toilet also in the town. Future demand of
household toilets has not been calculated as it is assumed that people should be made aware of the
benefit of a toilet in house and all the negative impact of open defecation. It should be made
mandatory for all new houses to have toilet by the Municipality. Although currently nobody takes
permission from Municipality for constructing a house but this practice cannot be prolonged and DNP
should have to bring all citizen under the rule of law.
Table 3.8: Status Assessment of Sewage & Sanitation with Indicators
Proposed Indicator Benchmark Status
Coverage of toilets 100% 78%
Coverage of sewage network services 100% NA
Collection efficiency of the sewage network 100% NA
Adequacy of sewage treatment capacity 100% NA
Quality of sewage treatment 100% NA
Extent of reuse and recycling of sewage 20% NA
Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints 80% NA
Extent of cost recovery in sewage management 100% NA
Efficiency in collection of sewage charges 90% NA
Table 3.9 presents the waste water to be generated in the project period. Sewerage system is to be
planned for 43.2 MLD for 2030.
Table 3.9: Wastewater generation from Danapur town in the Year 2030
Projected Waste Water Generated in MLD (@ 80% of
Year Projected Population
total water supplied)
2011 183,000 22.7
2015 209,538 26.0
2020 248,187 30.8
2025 293,964 36.5
2030 348,185 43.2
3.1.2.6 Issues
Public conveniences are not adequate in the city. No user charge on the public conveniences has
deteriorated the condition of existing system.
Infiltration of rainwater into sewerage line further aggravates the problem in monsoon months.
The partly or wholly untreated effluent flows into open drains.
Absence of a comprehensive sewerage system in the city
Improper means of disposal of wastewater resulting in environmental pollution and unhygienic
conditions.
3.1.3 Drainage
Storm water drainage is expressed in terms of its coverage with respect to the total road length.
Ideally, the length of the storm water drain should be twice that of the total road length.
Table 3.10: Storm Water Drainage (SWD) Network Service Level Indicators
Component DNP
Road Length covered with SWD (%) 71
Pucca Drains (open and Closed) 9km
Kutcha Drains 19km
Source: CDP Patna
3.1.3.1 Existing Drainage System
As per the officials the total length of pucca drain is
9 km and kutcha drains is 19kms. River Ganga
flows at the north of Danapur causing floods during
monsoon season as the water table rises. Therefore
city drainage system has to depend on (i) Storm
Photo: Water Logging in the town
Water Pumping Stations and (ii) City Zoning as per Natural Drainage Zones.
3.1.3.2 Major Water Bodies

Ganges pass towards the north apart from this there are a few small ponds/ditch but its size is
negligible and water is very less.
3.1.3.3 Gap Analysis
Drainage in any city/town is governed mainly by the natural drainage course and topography.
At the regional level, requirement for provision of additional drains as well upgradation of the
existing drains is guided by the discharge calculated based on the climate and the hydrological
considerations.
Table 3.11: Status Assessment of Drainage with Indicators
Proposed Indicator Benchmark Existing Status
Coverage of storm water drainage network 100% 100% 87% (HH)
Incidence of water logging/flooding 0 Whole city during Rainy season
3.1.3.4 Issues
As a result of unplanned development in the city, certain severe problems have cropped up for
drainage of storm water even during rainy season. The few identified issues are:
The construction of unplanned colonies in the town has been further aggravating the water
logging in the recent past.
The city has poor capacity for effective periodic maintenance of the drains in terms of cleaning
and desilting and poor maintenance due to limited resources.
Most of the drains in the commercial areas of the city are being encroached by the shopkeepers by
extending their shops or making steps towards their shops. This affects the cleaning services by
the respective agencies involved in the service provision.
Most of the drains are uncovered. This creates an opportunity for the sweepers and passersby, to
throw waste into these drains.
Since most of the drains are open, lot of silt gets into the drains and reduces the flow. Choking at
culverts is also common.
Most of the drainage lines being open, the municipal solid waste like garbage, polythene, plastic
carry bags etc. are littered in the drains, thereby affecting their flow capacity.
Storm water drains; open drains and storm outfall carry sullage, septic tank effluent and even
untreated sewage in many parts of the city, therefore are choked for long time.
There is a general requirement for repair and lining of all the drains in the town along with
covering of the same so as to improve the carrying capacity as well as flow speed of the drainage
lines.
3.1.4 Solid Waste Management

Urban solid waste consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation
residues, industrial and hospital waste. Industrial and hospital waste are considered to be hazardous
wastes as they may contain infections and toxic agents.
Solid Waste Management (SWM) practices have broadly the following components; generation,
storage of waste at source, segregation of waste at source, primary collection, temporary storage,
transportation of waste and treatment and / or disposal of waste.
As per Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07, India produces about 42 million tons of urban solid waste
annually. The per capita waste generation varies between 0.2 kg. to 0.6 kg. per day, and the current
municipal solid waste generation is estimated to be approximately 0.4 kg per capita per day.
It has been estimated that because of the increasing per capita waste generation of about 1.3 per cent
per year, and the growth of urban population of between 3 and 3.5 per cent per annum, the yearly
increase in the overall quantity of solid waste in the cities is about 5 per cent. Urban waste
management by the ULBs is already under stress because of poor resources and inadequacies of the
system. Unless concerted efforts are made to improve the flow of resources to solid waste
management and build up systems which incorporate the basic requirements of a proper waste
management practice, the problem of urban waste will be further aggravated and cause environmental
health problems. The composition of urban waste is another factor to consider, with increasing use of
packaging material made of both paper as well as plastic. It generally contains high proportion of
organic matter and high ambient temperature and humidity favor rapid bacterial growth and
decomposition of the waste and consequent generation of foul smell. The garbage has low
combustible material content and the calorific value is less than 1000 Kcal/Kg. Average density varies
between 500-600 cum.
3.1.4.1 Quantity of waste generated
In Danapur, approximately 21 MT of garbage is being generated every day.
3.1.4.2 Waste Storage and Segregation
Presently the waste is not segregated at the household level. The residents dump the waste in the
nearby collection points or on the nearest vacant land.
3.1.4.3 Collection
At present there is an inefficient collection services in place. The solid waste is dumped by the
individual which is then picked up by the local body who collects the garbage and dumps the waste in
Nasriganj (the site identified as trenching ground). Waste is collected daily on the main roads and bi-
weekly on the other roads.
3.1.4.4 Transportation
Transportation of the garbage is done through tractor.
3.1.4.5 Solid Waste Processing
At present the waste does not undergo treatment. There is no solid waste management facility in
Danapur.
3.1.4.6 Reuse and recycling
At present the waste does not undergo treatment. There is no solid waste management facility in DNP.
3.1.4.7 Service Level Indicators
The service level in case of solid waste management has been assessed by the collection performance
of waste, availability of dustbins, vehicle fleets and conservancy staff. The indicators to assess the
performance on the solid waste management in the Nagar Nigam are presented below in Box 3.1.
Box 3.1: Key Indicators for Assessment of Solid Waste Management
Service Levels: (i) Waste Generated Per Capita (w.r.t. 2001 Population); (ii) Road Length per
Conservancy Staff; (iii) Total Vehicle Capacity and % to waste generated; (iv) %age of Waste
Collected as per LBs Estimate and as per available capacity.
Service Coverage: (i) Average spacing between dustbins; (ii) Number of Trips per vehicle per day.
Service Efficiency: (i) Mode of Disposal.
The service level indicators mainly emphasizes on the waste generation, collection and transportation
mechanism and practices of the Nagar Parishad.
Waste Generated Per Capita: The sources of solid waste generated in DNP are the household
kitchen, hotels, markets, subji mandi, meat mandi, industries, transport service centre, educational
institutions, hospitals and offices. The quantity of waste generated 21 metric ton per day, out of
which 17 metric tons per day i.e. 80.95% is collected. The analysis reveals that at the aggregate
level, the average per capita waste generated is 0.16 Kg. /day (on 2010 estimated population).
The collection performance is also key indicator for assessing the level of services in terms of
management of solid waste. Based on the available capacity of conservancy vehicles, the total
waste collected as percentage of waste generated per day is about 80.95% for DNP. The average
spacing between two open points is approximately 100 mt. Primarily, the sweeping, collection
and disposal are done by municipal staffs. The garbage is collected and stored in a common point
in every ward and the transportation is done by tractor.
3.1.4.8 Available Infrastructure
Collection performance is dependent on the availability of vehicles and the number of trips made by
them daily from collection point to disposal point. The vehicle capacity ratio is expressed as
percentage of total vehicle capacity available to the total waste generated per day. The ratio helps to
work out the minimum number of trips to be performed with available capacity, or additional number
of vehicles to be acquired to achieve 100 percent collection performance. There are six tractors and 2
loader machines, 1 tripper, two water tankers and one cess pool machine as shown in Table 3.12.
Table 3.12: Infrastructure Strength

S. No. Particulars Functional
1 Tractor 6
2 Loader Machine 2
3 Tripper 1
4 Water tanker 2
5 Cess pool machine 1
Source: Official, DNP
The subject of Solid Waste Management is handled by a Sanitary Inspector assisted by a few
Jamadars and Sanitation Workers. The existing staff deployed for Solid Waste Management in DNP is
shown in Table below:
Table 3.13: Staff Strength
Name of the Town No. of Sanitary No. of Jamadars No. of Sanitation
Inspectors Workers
Danapur 1 20 160
Source: DNP Official
The average number of trips performed by vehicles is around 3 trips per vehicle per day and the
average collection performance of 52 per cent for DNP. The brief of the Solid Waste Management in
Danapur city are given in Table 3.14.
Table 3.14: Solid Waste Management
Total quantum of solid waste generated 21 Metric Tonnes/day
Total quantum of waste that is collected 17 (80.95%) Metric tonnes/day
Total number of vehicles 6 Tractor nos.
Total capacity of vehicles 4 to 5 Quintals tons
No. of storage bins 28 nos.
Total no. of sweepers 225 nos.
Where is the solid waste presently dumped Nasriganj specify
trenching ground
Is the Sanitary Landfill Site identified and if yes, where and specify
size of the landfill? 2.5 Bighas
Total waste disposed in all landfills/dumped every day Every Day tons/month
Total annual operating expenses 1 Crore 34 Lakh Rs. crores
Total number of SWM related complaints received per month 23 no.
Total number of complaints redressed within the month 19 no.
Source: SPUR TAST Data, DNP Officials

Out of total waste generated in the town, only 80.90% is collected and transported to other locations
remaining 20% remains uncollected. 40 dustbins are not adequate for the whole town and the vehicles
required to load and transport solid wastes are also not sufficient.
3.1.4.10Projected Demand of MSW
Norms for calculation of Generated MSW: Central Pollution Control Board specifies generation of
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in small, medium and large cities/towns as 0.1 kg, or 0.3-0.4 kg and
0.5 kg per capita per day. Danapur being medium size of town, the norm of 0.25 kg/capita per day has
been adopted. The composition of MSW is reported to be 60% organic component (Bio-degradable),
35% inorganic substances and 5% inert material. A scientific assessment of quantity as also quality of
MSW generated is called for, so as to plan management of MSW in a methodical manner. However,
the organic component appears suitable for composting and to use the compost as a soil
stabilizer/conditioner. It also has manurial properties and is thus a reasonably good organic fertilizer.
Table 3.15 presents the projected solid waste to be generated in the projected years. In the year 2030
Danapur will generate 87 MT of solid waste.
Table 3.15: Solid Waste Generation – Projection
Year Projected Population Waste Generated (MT)
2011 183,000 45.8
2015 209,538 52.4
2020 248,187 62.0
2025 293,964 73.5
2030 348,185 87.0
Two-bin collection system for the municipal solid waste has been proposed for the town. The
compostable portion of the waste to be collected in a separate bin is to be collected from each
household and transported to the waste water management park proposed in each sector for
composting through vermiculture and subsequently be used as manure in the agricultural field.
Non- putrescible portion of the municipal solid waste should be collected in a separate bin. A large
portion of this waste has reuse potential and could be recycled before this reaches the disposal site.
The portion of the waste, which reaches the disposal site, could be disposed by sanitary landfill
technique.
Generation of solid waste is complimentary to habitation. Solid waste is generated from the
households (comprising of kitchen waste, floor sweepings, animal waste arising out of cattle fodder,
feed material for birds-chicken etc. and animal excreta), teaching institutions, offices, hospitals,
dispensaries and the like. In addition solid waste is also generated from construction activity,
agriculture etc.
3.1.4.11 Issues
The city does not have proper infrastructure for collecting, transporting and disposing municipal
solid waste.
Absence of segregation practice at source or at disposal sites.
Inadequate placement of garbage bins, which results in the waste littered along the roadsides as
well as sides of drains.
3.1.5 Roads, Traffic and Transportation
3.1.5.1 Existing Traffic and Transportation Scenario
An efficient transportation system is a prerequisite for the proper growth and functioning of the city.
An appropriate circulation pattern enhances the linkages of the city with other settlements in the
regional context and it also improves the connectivity within the city. Danapur is well connected by
road and rail with all important towns in the region.
3.1.5.2 City Transport Network
NH-30 passes through the town; the connectivity to adjacent town is good. Bus service is mostly
limited to Patna, Khagaul, Phulwari Sharif, Digha, Mainpura, Khalipura, Badalpura and Sadipura etc.
The nearest airport is at Patna.
3.1.5.3 Major Intersections
There are many roundabouts in the city along with many small junctions. Many of these are poorly
designed intersections along major arterial corridors coupled with inadequate machinery for its
management and control. Photographs given below present the state of intersections in Danapur town.
Following are the main intersections of this city:
1. Bailey Road
2. Ashok Rasta
3.1.5.4 Public Transport System
Airport
There is no airport in Danapur. Patna airport is the nearest.
Railway
Danapur station is the main station and an old station in Danapur. Danapur is also a Division of
Eastern Central Zone of Indian Railway. The Divisional Railway Manager's (DRM) office is situated
near Danapur Railway station.
Bus
Bus stand is located near the Danapur road. The road on which the bus terminal is located and the
route to this terminal witness high-density land use, which is primarily commercial and public/semi-
public by type, inviting high volume of local traffic as well. The use of this road by regional buses
further congests the roads leading to traffic related problems on this stretch. These bus terminals are
used for garbage dump and have no amenity or facility.
Places of origin of traffic

As observed during the field visit, city main roads have become overcrowded and congested as they
caters most of the city traffic. There are large number of road crossings on these roads, which have not
been planned at all and subject to congestion and accidents. Most of the other roads are not been
metalled. The places of origin of the traffic in the city include the following:
Commercial
Subzi Mandi area
Educational Institutions
Bus stand
Railway station
The traveling needs are fulfilled by only various modes of
public transport including tempo, auto rickshaw and cycle
rickshaw etc. Within town the jeeps plays major role for
transportation of passengers and daily commuters to nearby
places. But these jeeps ply on limited routes in the city. There
are a number of paddle rickshaws in the city and are the most
popular means of public transport. Although there are few
parking lots marked, but in most places it is in haphazard Photo: Rickshaw in town
manner. In absence of sufficient motorized public transport people use private scooters, motor cycles,
cars, jeeps and cycles as means of transport. With increase in population and commercial activities the
city has witnessed a slow but constant increase in overall traffic and public transport. This increasing
pressure of traffic on roads and encroachment on right of way has led to overcrowding, increasing
traffic density, road accidents, crossing on main roads and lack of parking spaces etc.
3.1.5.5 Road and Road Network
The total length of surfaced road in Danapur is 40km. Municipal road length is 25km, other road
length is 10km and length of the kucha road is 15km. The average widths of the surface of roads right
of ways are 4m, which is further reduced to 3.5m due to encroachments. The road density in Danapur
is 3km/km2. Table 3.16 presents the road and traffic service level indicators in Danapur Area.
Table 3.16: Roads and Traffic- Service Level Indicators
Component DNP
Road Network
Municipal Road Length (km) 25
Other road length in Km (NH, SH & MDR) 15
Length of surfaced road (km) 25
Length of kucha road (km) 15
Average width of the road (km) 4

Surfaced road density (km/sqkm) 1.6
Per capita surfaced road (m) 0.5
B. Traffic System
Number of Registered Vehicle (2001)
Annual Growth Rate (%)
% of Land under Circulation to Total 3.2
Public transport mode Mini buses, rickshaws, tempos
Pedestrian over bridges/underpass No
Source: CDP Patna
A good network of roads coupled with an efficient mass urban transport system play a catalytic role in
urban economic growth, with a beneficial impact on the urban poor. However, there is a growing
trend towards an increasing number of personalised vehicles, especially two-wheelers which account
for 60 to 80 per cent of motor vehicles. This results in congestion on the roads, slowing down of
traffic and atmospheric pollution. Narrow carriageways and poor road surface add to the problems.
Growing vehicular pollution in cities is a cause of great concern, as are noise levels and traffic
accidents. Traffic and transport is an emerging problem in many cities which are experiencing
heightened economic activity and mobility of people.
In Danapur, circulation of people and vehicles is hampered by narrow roads and mix traffic. This is
further constrained by the fact that the carriageway is occupied at the margins by vendors,
unauthorised structures, solid and liquid waste, and parking of vehicles. Poor road construction and
inadequate maintenance further hamper smooth traffic flows. Failure to provide for genuine
requirements such as parking areas for trucks and buses, vehicles for hire as well as for private
vehicles leads to haphazard use of road space and acts as an obstacle to the smooth movement of
traffic.
3.1.5.7 Parking
It is an established fact that the private motor vehicles in urban areas are found moving on the
network for only minimum number of the time and for the remaining time they are parked either at
residences or at work places or in commercial areas. The parking in commercial areas becomes
critical because heavy concentration of activities and limited space available for parking. In Danapur
there is no specific parking place. People park their vehicles on road which leads to traffic congestions
and jams. At present the places where parking problem is growing are the main market areas,
vegetable mandi area, agricultural produce mandi, bus stand, railway station and work places.
3.1.5.8 Issues
Danapur town constitute of a radial road network. Most of the regional roads / major district roads
face the following problems:
The width of the roads is not standard.
Poorly designed intersections.
No signalling/other traffic management measures.
Absence of parking facilities and parking on the streets.
The roads are being encroached upon at various places within the city limits
Regional transport is mixed with city road transport.
The points where regional roads meet city roads are not being developed.
There is no transport nagar in DNP All the trucks are parked on the main city road. The loading
and unloading of goods also takes place on the road itself obstructing free movement of vehicles.
Main road is covered under dust.
3.1.6 Power and Street Lights
3.1.6.1 Existing Status
Electricity supply is very erratic and not all the wards especially the slum wards are electrified. Street
lights are present but not in all parts of the city. More over a separate phase is not available for street
lights which make it difficult to operate. At few places solar street lights have been installed under the
MLA funding scheme.
As per census of India 2001, out of the total houses 74% use electricity as source of light. 25% houses
use Kerosene as source of light followed by solar energy 1 %. It reflects average economic status of
people living in Danapur. Refer to Table 3.17 and Figure 3.6.
Table 3.17: Distribution of Households by Source of Lighting
Source of lighting
Total number of
Solar Other Any
Households Electricity Kerosene No lighting
energy oil other
18,473 13,698 4,606 128 20 5 16
Figure .3-6: Houses by Source of Light
The consultations with local public reveal that generally people were not satisfied with household
power supply as it is supplied only for 8 to 12 hours in a day whereas urban poor‟s said that they don‟t
have any household electricity connection.
3.1.6.2 Streetlight
Streetlight is one of the important and basic urban needs which play important role in functioning of
city at night. There is a general inadequacy in terms of availability of street lights on main road
stretches and even where provided, many of them are non-functional for lack of proper maintenance
and replacements. There are 850 streetlights in DNP. There are no high mast lights in Danapur town.
Approximate spacing between the lampposts is around 540m. Maintenance of street light is done by
Nagar Parishad.
Table 3.18: Streetlight
Total number of street lights 850 nos.
Length of roads without streetlights 13 approx. km
Total O & M expenditure on street lights/Annual 50 Rs. Lakhs
Staff for O & M of street lights/Daily Wages 2 Mistry nos.
Source: SPUR Data
3.1.6.3 Gap Analysis
As per UDPFI norms, Danapur city should have at least ten 11KV sub-stations to serve the population
(2001 census) of the city. On contrary the city today has only two sub-stations of 11kv. Which means
that Danapur city is short of eight 11kv Sub-stations. The future demand of the same shall be
estimated in the later stage of the CDP preparation.
3.1.6.4 Future Requirement of Power Supply
The total requirement of electricity supply of the projected population is given in the Table 3.19. The
requirement has been calculated @ 2KW/household (UDPFI Guidelines).
Table 3.19: Future Requirement of Power Supply for Projected Population
Year Projected Housing Estimated Per Capita Total Estimated
Population Demand Electricity Requirement Electricity Requirement
(UDPFI Guidelines) (in KW) (in MW)
2011 183,000 30500 2 61
2015 209,538 34923 2 70
2020 248,187 41364 2 83
2025 293,964 48994 2 98
2030 348,185 58031 2 116
3.1.6.5 Issues
Long hours of power cuts for more than 12 hrs in a day.
Many household/small industries have closed due to non-availability of power.
It hampers the water supply in the city
Haphazard wiring all over the city
No arrangement of street light on inner roads and in newly developed periphery area of town
Lack of staff for operation and maintenance of streetlight in the town.
3.1.7 Community Infrastructure
3.1.7.1 Education Facilities
The Educational facilities are the responsibility of Department of
Education. Danapur has limited educational facilities. People are
dependent on Patna for education. There are 7 private schools in
Danapur. There is also a Degree College, namely Bindeswari
Singh College, affiliated with Magadh University, Bodh-Gaya.
The details of the Government Educational Facilities in Danapur Photo: High School in town
are given in following Table 3.20.
Table 3.20: School Level Educational Facilities
Education Facilities Number
High 1
Primary 5
College 1
Basic Education/Literacy Indicators
The basic education indicators are Early Childhood Care and Development, Primary Education,
Enrolment Ratio, admission rate, attendance rate, out-of-school children, Learning Achievements and
Outcomes and Adult Literacy.
Present Demand and Supply Gap
The total population served by each school is very high compared to the UDPFI standard. There are 6
secondary schools in the city. The number of colleges in the city is seven which are more than
sufficient. Thus, as per qualitative assessment, the numbers of educational facilities are sufficient but
quality of education is not good. The consultations reveal that the spatial distribution of these facilities
is also uneven therefore many wards remain un-served by any school.
Table 3.21 shows the current facilities and the facilities needed by 2030 as per the UDPFI guidelines.
Table 3.21: Projected Demand for Education

UDPFI Demand of Educational
Norm Facilities
Presently
Facilities 2011 2030
(1 per Available Total
(Population (Population
population) Gap
183000) 348185)
Primary School (Class I to V) 5000 5 37 70 65
Senior Secondary(Class VI to
7500 1 24
XII) (1000 students) 46 45
College (1000 to 1500
125000 1 1
students) 3 2
Total - 7 62 119 112
Source: Generated by the Consultant
Issues
The major issues related to educational facilities in the city are as follows:
The educational institutions are less in number.
These government schools are short of teachers and other facilities in government schools.
3.1.7.2 Health Facilities
At present there is one Government Hospital in the town. People go to Patna for advance medical
treatment.
As shown in Table 3.22, health facilities are inadequate. There is a total requirement of 15 health
facilities in year 2010 as per the UDPFI norms and therefore 12 additional health facilities other than
the existing available facilities are required in Danapur. There will be additional 10 health facilities
required for the year 2030. The details are given in the table below.
Table 3.22: Demand Estimation of Health Facilities of Danapur
Facilities UDPFI Norm Presently Demand of Educational Facilities
(1 per Available 2010 2030 Total
population) (Population- (Population- Gap
183000) 348185)
General Hospital 100000 1 2 4 3
Intermediate hospital 100000 - 2 4 4
(Category A)
Intermediate hospital 100000 - 2 4 4
(Category B)
Poly Clinic 45000 to 100000 - 2 4 4
Nursing home, Child 45000 4 8 8

welfare and Maternity
centre (25 – 30 Beds)
Dispensary 15000 12 23 23
Total - 1 24 47 46
Source: Generated by the Consultant
Issues
There are no major issues related to medical facilities in the town. Only point raised by locals during
the consultation was that there is a deficiency of medicines in the hospital.
3.1.7.3 Park and Open Spaces/ Recreational Facilities
Parks, open spaces and green belts are the lungs of the town. Danapur has 1 parks i.e. Aqur Tribhuan
park/Community hall.
So far as other recreational facilities are concerned, there are no such facilities available.
Apart from the above, there are quite a few places that one can visit while staying in Danapur are
Handi Sahib, Nariyal Ghat and Military Cantonment.
Issues
Lack of parks and poor maintenance
Lack of proper amusement facilities for children in the existing parks.
Negligence towards the development of historical and religious places.
3.1.7.4 Other Services

Other services include Fire Station, Postal Services, Cremation Ground, Police station and Banks etc.
There are 4 Police Chowkis, 2 fire tender, 1 fire hydrant.
3.2 HOUSING STATUS

Urban housing is an important determinant of the quality of life of people. Housing is a basic need
that has to be addressed. This section presents the housing status of Danapur. An attempt has been
made to bring out issues related to housing conditions.
The number of houseless population has also increased during the last decade indicating a housing
gap. The household size is 7 members per household in DNP, which is on the higher side when
compared to the national average urban household size of 5 members per house.
3.2.1 Present Housing Status
As per 2001 Census there are 18473 households in DNP and the average household size is 7. Out of
18473, 17558 are residential and 915 are residential cum other houses. Out of 17558, 9755 are in
good condition, 6489 are in livable condition and 1314 are dilapidated houses (refer table 3.23).
Table 3.23: Condition of Census Houses

Total Residence Residence-cum-other use
household Total Good Livable Dilapidated Total Good Livable Dilapidated
18,473 17,558 9,755 6,489 1,314 915 549 276 90
Source: census of India, 2001
Total residential households are 18473 of which 1404 are dilapidated houses. The housing need is
found to be 18739 houses for residential purpose, while the available housing stock is 17069 houses
under residential or mixed excluding the dilapidated houses. Thus there is a shortage of 1670 houses
in the year 2001 (Table 3.24).
Table 3.24: Present Housing Demand Supply Gap
Parameter for Housing Demand 2001
Population 131176
Total Households as per 2001 census 18473
Total requirement in 2001 18739
Dilapidated houses 1404
Houses with good and livable conditions 17069
Shortage in housing stock 1670
The net existing housing gap for of Danapur town has been worked out on the basis of existing
population, existing household size and existing dwelling units, dwelling units which are in
dilapidated condition and slum houses. The net existing housing gap turns out to be 1670.
3.2.2 Houses by Amenities
Figure 3.7 shows number of room in a dwelling unit, it is seen that 29% of the population lives in
single room followed by 28% (two rooms). Houses by amenities means availability of facilities like
electricity (Figure 3.8) water (Figure 3.9), sewerage, drainage, and garbage collection within
premises of house.
Figure .3-8: Types of Rooms

Figure .3-8: Houses by Source of Light
Figure .3-9: Type of drinking water within the premises
3.2.3 Unauthorized Colonies

Unauthorized Colonies are basically the illegally developed areas. These have evolved in violation of
norms and regulations of land subdivision as well as the building by-laws. Such colonies have
developed in a number of locations in Danapur. Being unauthorized, availability of basic
infrastructure is highly inadequate in these colonies.
3.2.4 Issues
The need for new housing is increasing day by day with increasing economic activities in the city and
immigration. As a result the town, which was small, compacts, has become a picture of slum, over
congestion, environmental pollution and mixed land use over a period of time. A number of
unauthorized colonies have come up on Agricultural land and low lying areas in and around the town.
New residential areas are emerging on the outskirts of the town in unplanned manner and this need
immediate attention.
The current supply of housing does not meet the entire requirement of housing.
Growth of unauthorized colonies on the agricultural land all around the town.
Lack of access to planned spaces for the urban poor has resulted in encroachment on public land
and in low-lying areas.
Conversion of agricultural land for non – agricultural uses.
Inadequate infrastructure facilities such as roads, drains, parking, sewerage system, park and open
spaces etc. in most of the housing colonies.
Deteriorating condition of buildings in Danapur.
Uncontrolled growth of the slums.
3.2.5 Future Housing Demand
As shown in table below, there will be total housing demand of around 58031 houses in Danapur in
the year 2030. The future demand inclusive of available stock has been calculated by dividing the
total projected population by average household size.
Table 3.25: Future housing demand of Danapur

Year Population Household Size Total Housing Demand
2011 183,000 6 30500
2015 209,538 6 34923
2020 248,187 6 41364
2025 293,964 6 48994
2030 348,185 6 58031
3.3 URBAN POOR AND SLUMS

In this section an overview of the urban poverty situation in DNP is discussed. In Danapur, urban poor
are forced to live under unhygienic conditions in slums, lacking in basic amenities. With increasing
population pressure and increase in commercial activities, the gap between demand and supply of
essential services and infrastructure is widening. Urban poverty and urban disparities in access to
basic services are issues that cannot be overlooked as the town promotes itself further to attract
commerce and trade. The challenge in Danapur is to find appropriate solutions to bridge the gap in
access to services and infrastructure.
3.3.1 BPL in Danapur
The total BPL population is Danapur town is 45651 (38%).
3.3.2 Slums in Town
As per the survey conducted for SPUR program of Bihar Government funded by DFID, Danapur has
as many as 22 notified slums pockets (Table 3.26, Figure 3.10) and un-notified slum pocket (Table
3.27 and figure 3.10). Due to lack of infrastructural facilities in unauthorized colonies the quality of
life has been deteriorated. According to Social Development SPUR Team, the total slum households
are 5426.
Table 3.26: Ward wise Slum (Notified) Details in Danapur Nagar Parishad
Ward Name of the slum (poverty No. of Major On whose land
pocket) Households Castes situated
Ward Harizan Toli, Tal Par, Narsiganj 32(Approx.) SC & Bihar Govt. land
33 Biscuit factory Road OBC
Ward Digha Nahar Par Ramdi Chak 150(Approx.) SC & Irrigation
31 OBC Department Land
Ward In front of BATA Factory, Gandhi 60(Approx.) Harizan & Land Donated by
32 Road Obc late Damodar Pd.
Singh, Jagdeep
singh, Mikkun
Singh
Ward Nach Bagicha Ramji Chak 80(Approx.) Maha Dalit Land Donated by
32 Chainpur King &
Hathua Maharaj
Ward Jhakari Mahadev Mohhallh , Gola 250(Approx.) Maha Dalit Bihar Govt.
21 Road 54 Indira Awas (Irrigation
Allocated Department)
Ward Danapur Gabh Par, Round Table 25 to 30 Maha Dalit Land Donated by
36 Nagar (Approx.) Sangram Singh
30-40 Indira
Awas
Allocated
Ward Dom Toli /Harijan Toli 35 (Approx.) Harjan Municipality Land
35
Ward Bel Tal And Gabh Tal in front of 60 to 65 OBC Private land
27 registry office (Approx.) But
In Scattered
way
Ward Mallah Toli Chi Tola More, Bank 30(Approx.) SC,&OBC Private land
28 of Ganga River But In
Scattered way
Ward Nariyal Ghat (ganga) banpar Tola 45 (Approx.) OBC and Private land
26 But in Muslim
Scattered way
Ward Gurudwarey kinarey and 25(Approx.) Hindu and Private land
25 Chandrama ghat near handi sahib Muslim
gurudwara
Ward Anda wali Gali Imli Tal Mohallah 25 (Approx.) SC and Irrigation land
24 But In OBC Cantonment Land
Scattered way but litigated
Ward Sati Chora Mandir banka Babu ki 25 (Approx.) SC Private land
36 Gali
Ward Gajadhar Chak ,Ram Nagar, 200 (Approx.) SC ,OBC Bihar Govt
22 Matkorwa, behind Iron Mill and Others
Ward Maida Toli , near Devi choura 30 to 35 Hindu and Private Land
18 temple (Approx.) but Muslim
Scattered way
Ward Lal Kothi ,Sanjay Nagar Colony 200 (Approx.) SC and Cantonment Land
14 near Sultanpur Muslim and some part of
community municipality land
Ward Harijan Toli Gopi Nath Lane near 40 (Approx.) SC Private Land
17 Devi Choura but Scattered
way
Ward 8 Tara Chak Nala Par Math Road 25 (Approx.) SC and Bihar Govt Land
but Scattered OBC
way
Ward 7 Mubark Pur jhori Tola Tc Farm 600 (Approx.) OBC Bihar Govt Land
New slum
Ward 8 Mathia Par(Nahar Par) near kali 500 (Approx) SC, OBC Irrigation
sthan 160 house Department
holder listed by
Govt.
Ward 1 Bin Toli Daudpur bank of Ganga 800 (Approx.) Mallah Bihar Govt
River left side of pitch road
Ward 3 Bin Toli Daudpur bank of Ganga 2000 (Approx.) Mallah and Bihar Govt
River right side of pitch road 90% are paying Others
holding Tax
Source: SPUR Data
Figure 3-10: Location of Slum Pockets
Table 3.27: Other Poverty pocket (Slum)

Ward Name of the slum (poverty pocket) No. of Households Major On whose
no. Castes land situated
Ward 13 Bibi Ganj Mester Toli near police 8 (Approx) but SC Bihar Govt
Chouki ,Post-mortem house Scattered way land
Ward 17 Cham Toli Sultanpur near Thakurbari 15 (Approx) but SC Private Land
Scattered way
Ward 17 Dusad Toli near Viskarma Bhawan 8 (Approx) but SC Private Land
Scattered way
Ward 16 Kumhar Toli ,Naya Tola (Saguna) 6 (Approx) but SC Private Land
Scattered way
Ward 7 Mubark Pur near Tower 16 (Approx) SC Bihar Govt
(New Slum) Land
Ward 5 Turha Toli (New slum) 10-12 (Approx) Turha Private
Ward 4 Raghopur,Daudpur and Sahpur Harijan 15 to20(Approx) but SC Private land
tola in scattered way
Source: SPUR Data
3.3.2.1 Infrastructure Facilities at Household Level

In slum areas mentioned above the condition of basic infrastructure facilities and services is very
poor. There are provisions of hand pumps and people collect drinking water. The details of
infrastructure facilities these slums is described in subsequent paragraphs.
Water Supply
In general piped water supply is not available in these slums. Piped water supply to door step is not
available to all households. However, a common water post (tap) and community hand pumps exist,
where from these people take water.
Drainage
There is severe problem of drainage in the city in general. Specifically in slums in Danapur town,
there is no drainage facility existing, except for small drains in few places.
Sewerage
There is no sewerage system existing in the city in general. There are very few houses where some
latrine facility is available at the household level. Consultation with urban poor‟s in city reveal that
most of the people living in slums or poor colonies defecate in open.
Solid Waste Collection
The DNP in general does not practice garbage collection at the household level. The residents of these
areas throw the garbage at the identified points along the road.
Electricity and Street Light
Most of the houses have illegal electricity connections. There is no street light facility provided in
slums or poor colonies.
Roads
At many places there is no approach road. Where there are roads, they are very narrow and un- paved.
3.3.2.2 Ability to Pay
Although it is generally accepted phenomena that slum dwellers and unauthorized colonies cannot
afford to pay for infrastructure costs and facilities, but the quality of living among few of them proves
it negative. However, during site visit and primary discussions with poor people some of them
expressed their willingness to pay for the services while others said it is beyond their affordability.
3.3.3 Social Security Schemes
The government of India has initiated several programs to improve the livelihood of the urban poor
and thereby impact poverty. The list of various schemes is given below:
Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor
The Basic Services for Urban Poor
Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program (IHSDP).
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)

Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
The Environmental Improvement of Urban Slum (EIUS),
National Slum Development Program (NSDP)
Detail of the abovementioned schemes is given in Annexure 3.1
3.3.4 Issues
The issues related to urban poor‟s in DNP are as follows:
These colonies lack basic infrastructure facilities.
Few households have constructed toilets; however, open defecation is common as these colonies
lack presence of public toilets.
Garbage disposal is another major issue for the urban poor, as the current mechanisms are not
adequate.
Community infrastructure is not sufficient.
In addition to basic services, the other major issues pertain to lack of adequate health
infrastructure, limited knowledge regarding government schemes, and inadequate social security
safety nets.
Dilapidated houses, lack of open spaces and poor urban environment.
3.4 ENVIRONMENT
The section below presents a brief caricature of the study area‟s environment and heritage, their
spatial scope and related key issues.
The city's environment can essentially be seen in terms of two components of urban management- the
environment per se or the habitat, and services management. The former pertains to the natural
features and resources including: the elements of air and noise, water (water bodies-river, lakes, drains
and ponds and ground water) and land with reference to open spaces, green areas and other surface
and sub-surface conditions. The latter is related to the built environment and includes the
environmental infrastructure, i.e. the water supply, sewerage, solid waste disposal, and the
transportation network.
As per the consultant‟s observation, the city is at the transition stage between Polis and Metropolis
stage as per the Lewis Mumford‟s classification of stages of urbanization. Polis is a stage prior to
Metropolis when administrative wards are formed and some features of urban infrastructure comes up
and environmental status is at the initial stage of degradation. In the transition stage environment
already starts degrading which is the case with Danapur town at present. Still there are Wards which
preserve rural character partly these kinds of wards are termed as slum ward since they are within the
Danapur Nagar Parishad (DNP) boundary.
3.4.1 Geology
The State of Bihar exhibits diverse geological formations ranging in age from Archean to Holocene
(Figure 3.11). Nearly two third of Bihar, including Patna district is under Indo-gangetic plains which
is covered by thick alluvium comprising quaternary unconsolidated sediments. The alluvium can be
subdivided into older and newer alluvium consisting of polycyclic sequence of sand, silt and clay with
“kankar” nodules in the former and sand, silt and clay in the latter and present day flood deposit.
Figure 3-11: Geological Map of Bihar

3.4.2 Water Quality
Thick pile of unconsolidated sediments laid down by the Ganga River underlies the project area.
Fairly thick and regionally extensive confined / un-confined aquifers down to depth 300 m as well as
moderately thick but discontinuous confined and unconfined aquifers are present in region. The
thickness of sediment increases from south to north. These unconsolidated sediments are made up of
alternations of sand, clay and kanker. The depth to water level in this region varies from 20 to 35 m
below ground level.
3.4.3 Vegetation
The land in the district is too fertile to be left for wild growth. The district is devoid of any forest
wealth of consequence. The alluvial contents of land yields rice, sugarcane and other food grains. The
area under cultivation is studded with mango orchids and bamboo clumps. In the fields adjoining the
Ganges, weeds such as ammannia, citriculari, hygrophile and sesbania grow. But palmyra and date
palm and mango orchards are found near habitations. Dry shrub jungles are sometimes seen in the
villages away from the rivers. Trees commonly seen are bel, siris, jackfruits and red cotton.
Forest Cover
Only 6.9% of the Bihar‟s territory has forest cover and Patna district has a negligible forest cover. The
city has good potential for green areas to be developed. Tree cover within the city is moderate
however it is needed to be planted along the river, roads and railway lines. The species generally
found here are mahogany, Eucalyptus, Safed, Jamun, Arjun. The forest cover map of undivided Bihar
(Bihar and Jharkhand) has been given as Figure 3.12.
Figure 3-12: Forest Cover
3.4.4 Natural Hazard

Earthquake: Patna District lies in zone IV of the earthquake zones, which is a high-risk zone.
Therefore the development controls in the area requires earthquake resistant buildings.
Flood: Patna district also falls in the risk zone for floods. During the monsoons the spillover from
River Ganga tends to flood Danapur town and cause spread of disease (Figure 3.13). Therefore there
is need to channelise the river and to devise and implement a proper disaster mitigation plan. Apart
from being flood prone, Patna district is also at risk due to cyclones as it lies in the wind high damage
risk zone.
Figure 3.3-13: Flood Affected Areas of Bihar
3.4.5 Strategies for Multiple Hazard Mitigation

The Government of India have adopted mitigation and prevention as essential components of their
development strategy. The Tenth Five Year Plan document has a detailed chapter on Disaster
Management. The plan emphasizes the fact that development cannot be sustainable without mitigation
being built into developmental process. Each State is supposed to prepare a plan scheme for disaster
mitigation in accordance with the approach outlined in the plan. In brief, mitigation is being
institutionalized into developmental planning.
The Government of India have issued guidelines that where there is a shelf of projects, projects
addressing mitigation will be given a priority. It has also been mandated that each project in a hazard
prone area will have disaster prevention/mitigation as a term of reference and the project document
has to reflect as to how the project addresses that term of reference.
In order to respond effectively to floods, Ministry of Home Affairs have initiated National Disaster
Risk Management Program in all the flood-prone States. Assistance is being provided to the States to
draw up disaster management plans at the State, District, Block/Taluka and Village levels. Awareness
generation campaigns to sensitize all the stakeholders on the need for flood preparedness and
mitigation measures. Elected representatives and officials are being trained in flood disaster
management under the program. Bihar Orissa, West Bengal, Assam and Uttar Pradesh are among the
17 multi-hazard prone States where this program is being implemented with UNDP, USAID and
European Commission.
3.4.6 Issues
Haphazard and unplanned growth of town.
Poor drainage system and sewerage system.
Congested and overcrowded roads and circulation system.
Lack of open space and parks.
Town is also facing problem of pollution
3.5 TOURISN AND HERITAGE CONSERVATION

3.5.1 Protected and Unprotected Heritages
There is no ASI protected heritage site in Danapur.
3.5.2 Tourism Potential
As discussed with DNP Officials, various consultations and city visit, it is observed that Handi Sahib
can be considered as tourism potential as devotees who visit Patna Sahib definitely pay their homage
to Handi Sahib. Other potential tourism spot are Nariyal Ghat and military cantonment. And being in
proximity to Patna, Danapur can cater to the tourism needs potential of tourism in the city. Danapur
can be developed as a recreational town as Ganga River is the main asset to the town and riverfront
development can be proposed. There are other tourists locations situated in other parts of district and
are very well linked with Danapur city.
3.6 LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Local Economic Development (LED) aims to focus on increased private sector investments by
transforming ULBs into economic hubs. The intervention shall identify and leverage existing
competencies of urban centres for inclusive economic growth based on an urban economic vision. The
urban economic vision is proposed as a strategic guide for sustainable local economic development
strategies. The approach is based on inclusive programming to enable growth in both formal and
informal sector business enterprises. It is planned to work with stakeholders in Government and civil
society to develop relevant policies and guidelines to realize the economic vision. The program
proposes to identify investment and human resource development potentials through Entrepreneur
Development Centers and pro-poor business linkage initiatives to encourage local business
communities and entrepreneurs to invest in project city.
Local Economic Development (LED) offers local government, the private sector, the not-for-profit
sectors and the local community the opportunity to work together to improve the local economy. It
aims to enhance competitiveness and thus encourage sustainable growth that is inclusive.
3.6.1 Asset Management Plan
The term “asset management” is used to describe the process by which Nagar Parishad manages
physical assets to meet current and future levels of service. All municipalities irrespective of size or
location, need to ensure that the sustainable management of assets is a responsibility at all levels
within municipality. Currently DNP does not have any Asset Management Plan. Listing of asset has
not been done at the municipal level. The exact figure of land availability/land bank is not available
with DNP. The low rise and low density development is being suggests. There is also scope for re-
densification.
3.6.2 Building Approval Systems
Although after 74th constitutional amendment to the Indian Constitution, functions of urban planning
and regulation of landuse and provision of infrastructure is to be handled by urban local body. But in
practice nobody takes permission from the municipality. Currently there is no mechanism in Danapur
for taking building approval. The sale of land by individuals has created at chaotic urban pattern,
which has been controlled, to some extent by DNP at this stage. Danapur Nagar Parishad must impose
restriction over unauthorized and uncontrolled development by using its power as enshrined in the
Bihar Municipal Act, 2007. As mentioned in BMA (Section 313 and 314) the municipality can stop
all such types of development as it is mentioned in the BMA. Below two relevant sections of BMA
are given, which clarifies the powers of municipality in the process of building approval system:
Section 313: Prohibition of construction without sanction-No person shall construct, or commence to
construct, any building or any structure of a permanent nature or execute any of the work relating to
construction of building including addition, alteration or modification of an existing building in any
municipal area, save and expect in accordance with building byelaws.
Section 314: Sanction of building plan- No persons shall construct or commence to construct, any
building or structure of permanent nature or execute any work relating to construction of building
undertake or any alteration, addition or modification of an existing building unless, the building plan
is approved by a certified Architect registered under Architect Act 1972.
As mentioned above, the ULB has all right to regulate, control and guide the planned development of
city but currently it is not being practiced in the city.
3.6.3 Business Approval System
This city business planning process entail a detailed assessment of the business set up approval
systems followed by district and municipal level organizations. The business approval auditing may
be done for improving the land registration and building construction approval procedures and to
ensure speedy approval of utilities and services required for constructing industry sheds, warehouses,
shopping centers, and rehabilitation and redevelopment of running business enterprises. In Danapur
Municipal area, for development of any type of business activity following approvals is mandatory.
An entrepreneur has to see whether that place is in accordance with master plan or not. In case of
Danapur, building plan of the proposed business facility as per building byelaws by authorised
architect is submitted to the Nagar Parishad. A committee of Nagar Parishad scrutinizes the drawing
and see whether it is in accordance to the building byelaws. After municipal approval the entrepreneur
has to take permission/ approval from following Department:
Pollution Department
Electricity Department for electricity connection of industrial use
PHED and Municipality for Water supply connection.
3.7 URBAN GOVERNANCE

3.7.1 Introduction
The organization of ULBs includes Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils and Municipal
Panchyats and its functioning is largely guided by Bihar Municipal Act, 2007. This govt. body is also
responsible for collection of numerous kinds of taxes from the families towards services rendered.
Thus this organization is also a revenue earner for the government.
Each town/city of Bihar has one municipal corporation or municipality burdened with responsibility
of catering to the daily needs of hundreds of thousands of families like – good sanitation, sewage
systems, clean drinking water, etc.
Municipalities: The municipalities for the purposes of giving effect to the provisions of this Act shall
be,
(a) in the case of a larger urban area, -
(i) the Municipal Corporation,
(ii) the Empowered Standing Committee,
(iii) the Mayor, and
(iv) the Municipal Commissioner;
(b) in the case of a Class' A' or Class 'B' or Class 'C' medium urban area, -
(i) the Municipal Council,
(iii) the Municipal Chairperson, and
(iv) the Municipal Executive Officer;
(c) (c) in the case of a transitional or smaller urban area, -
(i) the Nagar Panchayat,
(iii) the Municipal President, and
(iv) the Municipal Executive Officer.
The presiding officer of the Municipality shall be, in the case of-
(a) the Municipal Corporation, the Mayor,
(b) the Municipal Council, the Municipal Chairperson, and
(c) the Nagar Panchayat, the Municipal President.
3.7.2 Institutional Responsibility

The Municipal Council has been empowered by the provision of state urban local bodies act to
perform certain obligatory and discretionary functions. The following Table 3.28 presents the
obligatory and discretionary functions of the Municipal Council.
As per the provisions of 74th CAA, the State of Bihar has constituted District Planning Committees,
Metropolitan Planning Committees and State Finance Commission for smooth functioning of urban
local bodies.
Table 3.28: Function of Municipal Council
S. No. Functions Municipal Council
1 Provision of Water Supply Obligatory
2 Provision of Drainage and Sewerage Obligatory
3 Solid Waste Management Obligatory
4 Provision of Hospitals and Dispensaries Obligatory
S. No. Functions Municipal Council

5 Construction and Maintenance of Roads Obligatory
6 Street Light Obligatory
7 Establishing Municipal Market Obligatory

8 Provision of Fire Services Discretionary
9 Public Vaccination Obligatory
10 Payment for Anti-Malarial and other projects of social services for Discretionary
improvement of Public Health
11 Provision of Schools and hostels Obligatory
12 Establishment of Technical Training Center Discretionary
13 Establishment of Technical Training Center Obligatory
14 Planning Social and Economic Development Obligatory
15 Slum Improvement and Up gradation Obligatory
16 Urban Poverty Alleviation Obligatory
17 Urban Forestry, Protection of the Environment, and Promotion of Discretionary
Ecological Aspects
18 Promotion of Cultural, Educational and Aesthetic Aspects Discretionary
19 Burials and Burial Grounds, Cremation Ground and Electric Discretionary
Crematoria
20 Regulation of Slaughterhouses Discretionary
21 Construction, Maintaining and Aiding Libraries Discretionary
Source: Bihar Municipal Act
Table 3.29 The sources of municipal revenue have been listed below. In most cases taxes are
Mandatory in nature.
Table 3.29: Discretionary and Mandatory Taxes
S. No. Taxes Municipal Council
1 Taxes on Lands and Building-Property Tax Mandatory
2 Taxes of Professionals Mandatory
3 Stamp Duty Mandatory
4 Tax on vehicle Mandatory
5 Tax on Animals Discretionary
6 Tax on Dogs Discretionary
7 Show Tax Mandatory
8 Toll Tax Discretionary
9 Pilgrimage Fees Discretionary
10 Lighting Fees Discretionary

11 Scavenging Fees Discretionary
12 Latrine Fee Discretionary
13 Tax on Advertisement Mandatory
14 Fee on License Discretionary
15 Parking Fee Discretionary
16 Tax on Private Market Discretionary
17 Water Tax Mandatory
18 Fee on health Services Discretionary
19 Betterment Tax Discretionary
Source: Bihar Municipal Act
Table 3.30 lists the departments responsible for providing various urban services. The major
functions of city infrastructure management are delegated to Municipal Council.
Table 3.30: Service Delivery Management
Department
S. No. Services/Functions
Delegated to Managed by
1 Water Supply-Bulk and Distribution PHED PHED
PHED, DUDA,UDD, PHED, DUDA,UDD,
2 Sewerage and Sanitation
DNP DNP
3 Storm Water Drainage DNP/PWD/BRJP DNP/PWD/BRJP
4 Solid Waste Management DNP DNP
5 Roads NHAI/PWD/DNP NHAI/PWD/DNP
6 Street Lighting BSEB/DNP BSEB/DNP
7 Building Plan Approval PRDA PRDA
Source: CDP Patna
3.7.3 Present Planning Mechanism
The civic infrastructures, planning & design, construction & execution, operation & maintenance are
responsibility of different departments in the municipal area.
These departments and authorities are categorized as state level and city level.
State Level Departments are
Public Works Department (PWD, Road Construction Department and Building Department),
Public Health Engineering Department (PHED),
BSEB: Bihar State Electricity Board,
Bihar State Road Transport Corporation, BSRTC:
Environment and Forest Department,
Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation,

Department of Family Welfare.
Municipality provides on its own or arranges to provide through any agency the following core
municipal services:
i. water-supply for domestic, industrial, and commercial purposes,
ii. drainage and sewerage,
iii. solid waste management,
iv. preparation of plans for development and social justice,
v. communication systems, construction and maintenance of roads, footpaths, pedestrian pathways,
transportation terminals, both for passengers and goods, bridges, over-bridges, subways, ferries,
and inland water transport system,
vi. transport system accessories including traffic engineering schemes, street furniture, street lighting,
parking areas, and bus stops,
vii. community health and protection of environment including planting and caring of trees on road
sides and elsewhere,
viii. markets and slaughterhouses,
ix. promotion of educational, sports and cultural activities,
x. aesthetic environment
3.7.4 Identified Improvement Areas
The institutional strengthening and reform of Municipal Council including strengthening of
various departments and capacity building is one of the major areas of intervention for ensuring
comprehensive development of the city.
Streamlining of institutional responsibilities to avoid multiple agencies with overlapping
responsibilities and jurisdiction involved in the execution and operation and maintenance of
assets.
3.7.5 Staff Details
Table 3.31: Staff Details
S. No. Designation Department Sanctioned Existing Vacant post
1 Head Clerk cum accountant General 1 1
2 2nd Clerk General 1 1
3 Typist General 1 1
4 Health Clerk cum Addl. Accountant General 1 1
5 Tax Daroga Revenue 1 1
6 Asst. Tax Daroga Revenue 2 2
7 License Clerk Revenue 1 1
8 Legal Clerk Revenue 1 1

9 Cashier Revenue 1 1
10 Prof Tax Clerk Revenue 1 1
11 Tax Collector Revenue 8 7 1
12 Cart Jamadar Revenue 4 3 1
13 Adsehpaal General+ 4 4
Revenue +
Health
14 Night Guard General 1 1
15 Sanitary Inspector Sanitation 1 1
16 Ward Inspector Sanitation 1 0 1
17 Ward Jamadar Sanitation 16 14 2
18 Mali Sanitation 1 1
19 Lohar/Mistri Sanitation 1 1 1
20 Vaccinator Sanitation 1 1
21 Disinfector Sanitation 1 1
22 Driver General 2 2
23 Safai Karamchari Revenue 142 88 54
Total 194 135 60
Source: SPUR Data
Table 3.32: Staff on fixed pay
S. No. Staff Numbers
1 Computer Operator 1
2 Tractor Driver 2
3 Amin 0
4 Clerk 0
5 Sweeper 120
Total Contractual Staff 123
Source: SPUR Data
3.7.6 Elected Representatives
Table 3.33: Elected Representatives
No. of Elected Representatives
S. No. Name of ULB
Total Male Female
1 Danapur Nagar Parishad 40 19 21
3.7.7 Issues
There is often duplicity of functions and grey areas such as maintenance of roads etc. where
functional distribution is not clear. There is also overlap of functions between Nagar Parishad and
other line departments. BMA 2007 has not been implemented in its spirit.
There is no city level water supply and sewerage board, or department. The function is being
looked after by the PHED, which is a very cursory approach. The sewerage system is non-
existent in city.
There is utter confusion various department functioning in the city. A single agency will be
required for coordination purposes for all improvement projects.
The 74th amendment has not been implemented in its spirit.
3.8 MUNICIPAL FINANCE

The financial aspects of the city development plan (CDP) are anchored onto the primary goal of the
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), namely creating financially viable,
productive, sustainable and responsive cities.
The chapter details the municipal finances of the municipal council and outlines the receipts and
expenditures over the last five years. This would form the base for the preparation of Financial and
Operating Plan (FOP) at later stage of CDP.
3.8.1 Bihar Municipal Act, 2007- An Overview
Municipal Finance – Bihar
As described in Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 ULBs are required to perform a vast array of
functions (obligatory and discretionary) for which adequate financial resources are
needed. Municipal revenues are basically of the following types:
Tax Revenue – income through imposition and collection of taxes on items as under the
provisions of the Acts in force. All collections such as tax on holding, water tax, latrine tax, tax on
the vehicles, tax on the trades, professions, calling and employments, fee on the registration of
vehicles kept or used or plying for hire, etc. are sources of tax revenue. Usually property tax is the
largest single source of revenue for ULBs.
Non-Tax Revenue – income through imposition and collection of fees for regulatory purpose and
for provision of service. Building plan sanction fees, mutation of property fees, rent on shops and
buildings, tolls and other fees and charges etc. constitute the main source of non-tax revenue
receipts.
The difference between tax and non-tax revenue is that tax is a compulsory levy, while fee (non-tax
revenue) is a charge made in return for a benefit allowed or conferred.
1) Grants-in-Aid – A significant element of municipal finance is grants-in-aid. There are two types
of grants.
i) General Purpose Grant, which is intended to augment the revenue of ULBs for discharging
their normal functions.
ii) Special Purpose Grant, which is used for specific requirement, such as, education grants,
public health, road maintenance, and to meet any unforeseen circumstances etc.
Grants are generally ad-hoc and discretionary in nature.
2) Borrowings and Loans
ULBs can borrow funds in accordance with the provisions of the governing legislations when they
cannot afford to meet their expenditure with their existing revenues, including grants received.
Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 provides power to levy taxes of obligatory and other taxes by the Urban
Local Bodies (ULBs). Subject to the provisions of section 10 of the Act, the Municipality shall have,
the power to levy the following taxes:-
a. Property tax on lands and buildings.
b. Surcharge on transfer of lands and buildings,
c. Tax on deficit in parking spaces in any non-residential building,
d. Water tax,
e. Fire tax,
f. Tax on advertisements, other than advertisements published in newspapers,
g. Surcharge on entertainment tax
h. Surcharge on electricity consumption within the municipal area,
i. Tax on congregations,
j. Tax on pilgrims and tourists, and
k. Toll –
i. on roads, bridges, ferries and navigable channel and
ii. on heavy trucks which shall be heavy goods vehicles, and buses, which shall be heavy
passenger motor vehicles, within the meaning of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, plying on a
public street.
l. Tax on profession
3.8.2 Overview of Municipal Finance
Municipal finance includes income and expenditure of revenue and capital account. The Figure 3.14
shows various heads under income and expenditure of municipal finance of Danapur Nagar Parishad.
Table 3.34 and 3.35 below summarize the sources of income and expenditures head wise and provide
an overview of the financial framework currently operational in Danapur Nagar Parishad. Details
information about income, expenditure and financial indicator in given in Annexure 3.2.
Municipal Finance
Income Expenditure
Income Expenditure
Municipal Taxes (Holding Tax, General Administration and
Water Tax, Health & Education Collection charges
cess etc.) Public Security
Municipal Assets Public Health and Facilities
Receipts under special Acts Public Works
Income from Other sources other Public Education
than Municipal Property and Grants and Aids
Taxes miscellaneous
Grants and Aid Extraordinary and Debts
Miscellaneous
Figure 3-14: An Overview of Municipal Finance
Extraordinary and Debts
3.8.2.1 Revenue Account

Under this head all the recurring items of Income and Expenditure are included i.e. Income from Tax,
Non-Tax and transfers including Grants, Establishments (Wages and Salaries), Operations and
Maintenance and interest payments etc.
This can be categorized in two major subheads i.e. Revenue Income and Revenue Expenditure.
Revenue Income
The revenue income sources for DNP can be broadly categorized into three different categories i.e.
Tax, Non-tax and Transfers including grants etc. These include income from property tax, Education
Tax, Taxes from shops, Public Health, revenue earned from making provision for parking, Bus stands
etc. during festivals and other events, NOC fees for building permission, Births and death certificates,
income from remunerative enterprises, stamp duty and registration fees and grants from central and
state government under various schemes.
In case Danapur Nagar Parishad the major source of tax revenue is property tax. The Nagar Parishad
also receives revenue grants and compensation for the purpose of maintenance etc.
Revenue Expenditure
Revenue expenditure of NP has been analyzed based on the expenditure head classified under the
following sections i.e.
3.8.2.2 Capital Account
Non-recurring items like income and expenditures in respect of loans, Grants and contributions from
State and Central Governments under various schemes are categorized under this head.
The capital account comprises of two components capital income and capital expenditure.
Capital Receipt
Capital income comprises of loans, grants and own contributions. Own contributions could be in form
of sale of properties and rent of building/shop or land. Loans & grants given by State and Central
Governments under various schemes for development & improvement of state assets such as roads,
drains etc. would be considered as capital income.
Capital Expenditure
Capital expenditures are mainly towards development works like development of roads, sanitation
system etc. and towards asset creation. It also involves the amount, which is being spent on slum up
gradation.
The comparative analysis of revenue and capital incomes, as shown in Table 3.34, Figure 3.15 and
3.16, of DNP for last five years is as follows:
There has been constant increase in annual income of DNP in last five years with being
exceptionally high in 2009-10 when it was 6.9crore. It is due to the fact that govt. grants were
10.3 crore in FY 2005-06.
Property Tax accounts more than 90% of total Tax Revenues.
Property Tax collected has been irregular in last five years which is a negative indicator.
Non tax revenue are irregular
There has been steep rise in income from revenue grants in FY 2009-10.
Figure 3-15: Total Receipts of DNP
Figure .3-16: DNP Income from different sources for FY 2009-10
Table 3.34: Comparative Analysis of Revenue Income and Capital Income of Danapur Nagar
Parishad
S. Actual Estimated
Income
No. 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Total Tax
1 6,819,890 2,651,530 2,643,000 4,647,943 10,622,575 7,000,000
Revenues
Total Non-Tax
2 3,260,300 678,740 3,271,860 3,094,811 2,272,717 4,600,000
Revenues
Assigned
3 Revenues (Stamp 3,731,320 6,131,650 6,450,350 24,359,177 41,244,372 34,400,000
Duty)
Revenue Grants
(Include. Salary
4 1,496,043 911,697 10,311,336 9,825,362 10,345,774 10,400,000
and Matching
grants)
5 Other Income 205,800 76,360 155,970 4,761,823 5,292,077 5,300,000
Total Capital
B 8,930,957 6,517,183 29,756,664 28,378,803 53,412,237 42,900,000
Grants
Total Revenue
A 15,513,353 10,449,977 22,832,516 46,689,116 69,777,515 61,700,000
Income ( 1 to 5)
Total
24,444,310 16,967,160 52,589,180 75,067,919 123,189,752 104,600,000
Income(A+B)
Source: Danapur Nagar Parishad
The comparative analysis of revenue and capital expenditures of DNP for last five years is as follows
Expenditure in Danapur Nagar Parishad has irregular in last five years (refer Table 3.35, Figure
3.17).
Revenue income has been more than revenue expenditure in DNP (refer Figure 3.34, Figure
3.15, Table 3.35 and Figure 3.17). This is a positive indicator.
In FY 2009-10 only 2.55% of Revenue expenditure is done on Operation & Maintenance as
indicated in Figure 3.18
High expenditure on Program Expenditure 59.40% in 2009-10 acts as a negative indicator.
Figure 3-17: Total Revenue Expenditure of DNP
Figure 3-18: Revenue Expenditure of DNP for FY 2009-10
Table 3.35: Comparative Analysis of Revenue Expenditure and Capital Expenditure of DNP
Actual Estimated
S. No. Expenditure 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
1 Total Establishment Expenditure 1,659,110 1,510,640 7,846,540 23,921,062 25,672,896 26,000,000
2 O & M Expenditure 7,048,320 6,097,080 14,940,270 2,088,959 1,822,281 2,100,000
3 Program Expenditure 7,859,930 2,506,530 26,699,160 34,766,116 42,431,327 40,500,000
4 Administration Expenditure 2,576,163 2,715,836 2,800,000
5 Misc Expenditure 829,850 1,115,370 985,050 1,089,466 1,502,328 1,400,000
C Total Revenue Expenditure (1-5) 17,397,210 11,229,620 50,471,020 64,441,766 74,144,668 72,800,000
D Total Capital Expenditure 13,947,320 6,965,410 11,000,000
Total Expenditure(C+D) 78,389,086 81,110,078 83,800,000
Source: DNP
3.8.3 Operation and Maintenance (Capacity of ULB to operate and maintain the current
assets and proposed future assets)
As seen, the financial position of DNP shows that the surplus funds can be used for operation and
maintenance of existing and proposed assets. Actual capacity of DNP to operate and maintain future
assets shall be assessed in further reports.
3.8.4 Identification of Infrastructural and Financial Improvement Requirements
After analyzing existing situation and stakeholders views regarding potential sector for development
and investment, a comprehensive list of project has been prepared. The list is given in Table 3.36.
Table 3.36: List identified projects for city development
S. No. Sectors
1 Drainage
2 Water Supply
3 Electricity/Streetlight
4 Housing/Basic Services for Urban Poor
6 Parks/Open Spaces
7 Public Conveniences
8 Traffic and Transportation
9 Decongesting Inner City (shifting vegetable market)
10 Transport Nagar
11 Other Social Infrastructure and Facilities
12 Economic Growth of the City
13 Environment, and Tourism,
14 Urban Governance and Institutional Setup
3.8.5 Broad Capital Investment Needs

As mentioned above a huge amount of investment will be required to implement the projects
mentioned in above Table 3.36. The possible source of fund may include central government, state
government, financial institutions, private sector, DNP, community contribution etc. The feasibility of
potential sources of funding will be assessed and suitable sources will be identified in the next stage
of CDP.
3.8.6 Issues
Based on the data analysis of municipal finance and discussions with DNP officials, the following
issues have emerged:
Inadequate base for property tax and low collection
DNP is dependent on Govt. grants for salaries and development work. Its income from sources
other than grants is very less.
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page 3.48
Unskilled municipal staff to handle municipal finance

Lack of training in modern municipal finance, budgeting and double entry accounting system
3.9 MATRIX FOR RATING DANAPUR NAGAR PARISHAD

On the basis of criteria given by SPUR for rating the city on various socio-economic and
infrastructure availability, DNP has been rated and following observation was found which is
indicated in below table. The criteria used to develop the City Matrix Rating have been given in
Annexure 3.2.
Table 3.37: Rating of DNP
# Parameter Indicators Rating
1. Status of Infrastructure and Service Delivery Levels
a. Coverage of Water Supply
b. Per Capita Availability of Water
e. Door to Door Collection of Solid Waste
f. Collection Efficiency of Solid Waste
a. Operating Ratio --------
3. Poverty Level
a. Population Below Poverty Line (BPL)
a. Staffing pattern, availability of sufficient staff,
competency level of existing staff for implementing
proposed projects
5. Leadership
a. Leadership quality, awareness and understanding
regarding urban sector, proactive approach for
implementing reform measures
6. Economic Development Potential
a. Potential for Development, linkages to the state capital
and other cities, status of existing infrastructure
a. Status of Environment, quality of water, air,
8. Participation
a. Level of Participation from Citizen/Citizen
Forums/Welfare Association in municipal affairs
a. Status of reform implementation and preparedness for
implementation
Source: SPUR
Legend
Alarming
Below Average
Average
Good
****
.
4 STAKEHOLDERS’ CONSULTATIONS
4.1 Introduction
Consultation is a process in the project cycle in which an attempt is made to involve the public as
stakeholders in project preparation through consultation and focus group discussion meetings.
Stakeholders‟ participation and consultation have been viewed as a continual course of action, which
promote public understanding and help eradicate hurdles in the way of the project. Consultation
during the project preparation stage as an integral part of the social assessment process not only
minimizes the risks and unwanted propaganda against the project but also removes the gap between
the community and the project formulators, which helps in the timely completion of the project and
making the project people-friendly.
The CDP Report has been prepared keeping in mind the ethos of the city. The main purpose of a city
development plan is to build consensus among key stakeholders. The stakeholders were involved
through meetings and interviews to gauge the situation in terms of urban infrastructure, services,
overall management etc. The key stakeholders of the city have been identified as under:
Primary stakeholders, beneficiaries of a development intervention or those directly affected
(positively or negatively) by it. They include local populations (resource persons, community,
students) in the project/program area, in particular, poor and marginalized groups who have
traditionally been excluded from participating in development efforts such as squatter and slum
dwellers, and organizations such as trader‟s organizations, hoteliers, transporters and other
associations.
Secondary stakeholders, those who influence a development intervention or are indirectly
affected by it. They include the project staff, implementing agencies, local governments, civil
society organizations, private sector firms, and other development agencies. Executive Officer,
line departments such as PHED, PWD etc were amongst the stakeholders consulted.
4.2 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION

The CDP has emerged out of the inputs provided by the stakeholders. All the stakeholders were met
for possible dates and places of meeting and the concept of CDP and purpose of meeting was
indicated to them. On the appointed date and time the Consultants carried out the consultations,
including focus group discussions with shopkeepers, market association members, and other
stakeholders at a number of places. The participants shared their ideas, views to discuss the problems
and to come out with solutions. In most cases the discussions took a form of debate, later exchanged
their views. Consultations with local people were conducted in presence of male and female members
of different social communities. The problems or issues came out of consultation has been
incorporated in report at appropriate place.
In order to prepare the City Development Plan, stakeholder consultations have been undertaken in the
in the form of Workshops, group discussions and one to one discussion as mentioned in below Table
4.1.
Table 4.1: List of Stakeholders’ Consultations
S. No. Description Dates Remarks
1 1st Workshop : Kickoff Workshop 11.04 2011 Annexure 4.1
2 2nd Workshop on Status Assessment and 21.06.2011 Annexure 4.2
Formulation of City vision & Sector Goals
3 3rd Workshop on Strategy and Priority Projects 12.08.2011 Annexure 4.3 and
Annexure 4.4
1st Workshop (Kick-Off) on 11-04-2011
2nd Workshop (Vision) on 21.06.2011
3rd Workshop (Draft CDP) on 12.08.2011
CITY VISION EXERCISE

In Danapur, city vision workshop was organized on 21.06.2011. It started under the chair of
Chairperson along with executive officers, ward counselors, cluster coordinator Patna, other local
support teams and team from ICT Pvt. Ltd. Detailed visioning exercise is given in Annexure 4.2.
After detailed consultation and deliberation, the city vision of DNP has been developed which is
given below:
Danapur City Vision 2030,
“Danapur should be developed as an industrial and recreational town which can provide employment
opportunities, infrastructure facilities, good living standard, hygienic living environment, good
governance to all its citizens with public participation and city is financially self-sustainable.”
4.3 PROCEEDING OF THE 3rd WORKSHOP

As per the ToR, 3rd workshop was organized on 12.08.2011. This workshop was chaired by the
honorable Chairperson of DNP and attended by Vice-Chairman, Executive Officer and ward
councilors along with cluster coordinator Patna and ICT team.
4.3.1 List of Participants
Elected representatives, municipal officials and consulting team participated in the workshop. The list
of participant along with attendance sheet is given in Annexure 4.3
4.3.2 The Handouts
The handouts of presentation were distributed to the participants. These handouts were given to
participants before starting the presentation so that, by then, they could read and understand the city
visioning excercise. All the identified projects along with project costing were districbuted to all
particpants for their views. A copy of handouts is given as Annexure 4.4.
4.3.3 Content of the Workshop
The workshop started with the welcome note of consultant, and the introduction of consultants team
to all the participants. The Consultants explained the importance of the 3rd and final workshop. The
vision of the city was developed by considering the physical characteristics of the study area, its
strengths, potential issues, future focus areas and preferences of the residents of the city. The
visioning exercise involved consultation with various stakeholders, which gives the pulse of people‟s
thinking. Project prepared to achieve the city have been presented. The broad cost estimates of the
projects and sector strategies in the form of handouts were distributed to the participants. Handouts
related to all sectors like water supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid waste management, drainage,
traffic and transportation, street light, urban growth, economic development, urban environment,
heritage and tourism, housing for poor, etc were presented and discussed with the participants.
All the identified projects, strategies, and project costing were accepted by the participants (strategies,
projects and costing are given in Chapter 5). Since some projects developed under JNNURM are in
the implementation stage for long time, therefore the participants emphasized on speedy work of all
these projects. The participants suggested that all projects identified under the CDP must be
implemented as soon as possible.
Although DPR for water supply, solid waste management, drainage etc are under implementation
and/or implementation stage, therefore the consultant have not considered these projects for costing,
but observations and issues emerged related to these projects during the CDP preparation process
have been highlighted in Chapter 5. The consultants suggest that all the concerns of stakeholders
related to these projects should be taken into consideration at the time of implementation of JNNURM
projects.
****
5 PRIORITY PROJECTS AND STRATEGIES
5.1 INTRODUCTION
After formulating the vision, next step is to formulate the strategies to achieve the vision. The
strategies have been formulated for each sector based on the problems and issues identified for each
sector and to achieve the sectoral goal through analysis as well as stakeholders perceptions. This
chapter presents strategies and projects for each sector, starting with physical growth management
strategy to sustainable finance strategy.
5.2 SECTORAL STRATEGIES

The proposed strategy for sectoral goal for each sectors have been described in following tables. The
projects have been identified based on detailed assessment of all sectors, stakeholders workshop,
discussions and meetings carried out with various officials, local authorities, and local people.
Many of the development works are interrelated to each other and hold a positive bearing on other
sectors. For example, although the city has drainage system, but now is inefficient and in course of
time this needs to be developed and by year 2015. 100% population is to be covered by drainage and
sewerage network. However, it may be emphasised that the sectors covering open space development,
roads and transportation and other related development works will be taken up later on priority basis.
All these strategies aim at giving shape to the envisioned goals for the overall development of the city
within the time span of 20 years period from 2010 to 2030.
5.3 PRIORITIZATION OF PROJECTS;

The projects have been prioritized in consultation with the stakeholders. This exercise has been done
at all stages and finalized in the 3rd workshops. The priority and ranking of all sectors has been shown
in table below:
Table 5.1: Priority and Ranking of Projects
S No Sector/Projects Priority Ranking
Core Focused Sectors of Development
1 Economic Development Very High -
2 Recreation Very High -
Other Focused Sectors for Development
1 Drainage Very High 1
2 Water Supply Very High 2
3 Sewerage and Sanitation Very High 3
4 Solid Waste Management Very High 4

5 Housing/Basic Services for Urban Poor High 5
6 Street Light High 6
7 Urban Planning and Growth High 7
8 Traffic and Transport High 8
9 Environment Medium 9
10 Municipal Finance Medium 10
11 Urban Governance and Institutional Setup Low 12
Source: Generated by consultant with the help of stakeholders
5.4 URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Infrastructure acts as a catalyst to any development and same is the case with Danapur Municipal
Council. As indicated in the analysis, the major issue plaguing the city is inadequate and inefficient
basic urban services, especially, sewerage and storm water drainage. The problem has further been
exacerbated by lack of awareness among people and reluctance to pay for the services. The future
requirements have been taken for approximately 348185 persons by the year 2030. The cost estimate
for various projects is done based on the prevailing market rates and Bihar PWD Schedule of Rates
2010. At the same time other departmental estimates have been taken into consideration and
appropriate escalation factors in each sector have been taken into consideration.
5.4.1.1 Strategies and Time Frame
Economic Development of the City
Table 5.2 : Proposed Development Strategies
Goals Strategies Projects/ Programs
To provide Reduce the cumbersome business Single window approval system
favorable approval process
business Infrastructure for industrial Un-interrupted Electricity Supply in the
environment development industrial area
and Facilities for upgradation of existing industries
employment Construction of Motorable Roads
opportunities Construction of Truck Terminal
Liberal procedural by governmental Allotment of Industrial plots to new industrialist
and private financial institution Easy loan process
Government promotion Tax holidays for big industries
Tax free incentives to small scale industries

Promoting Small scale industries Government Incentives
Development of vending zones
Recreational Facilities
Develop Danapur as Developing cultural facilities Cultural Centre/Recreational
recreation town Developing community facilities club
Developing recreational facilities Development of Public Library
(parks and open spaces) (area 300sqm)
Developing sport facilities Kanji House (Stray Cattle
House) (2 hac.)
Landscaping and flood
protection along Ganga river
front – North bank (stretch
within Danapur town
boundaries)
Development of town park
Sports Complex
Boating facility
Drainage
Draining of entire Drains based on city Level slope Preparation of Drainage Master
storm water from city Plan considering the city level
slope
Constructing new drains and missing Construction of Primary drains
links; align, develop and maintain
existing drains
Remove encroachment Construction of Secondary
drains
Improvement/ repairing of
existing primary and secondary
drains
Improvement/ repairing of
existing main drains
Construction of Main Drain
Jeep Mounted Excavator
Regular dozer
JCB
Dumper Truck
Removing the encroachment on
flood prone low lying areas
Proposed Development Strategies: Water Supply

As DPR for water supply for Danapur is already prepared, we are not providing the strategies. But the
following can be considered at time of implementing the project.
Water management plans
Laying down New Pipe lines
Installation of Rain water harvesting systems
Supply and installation of consumer water meters
Awareness program among the people for the use of protected and unprotected sources of water
Asset Management System (GIS Mapping)
Sewerage and Sanitation

Access to sanitation Toilets facilities in every house New Sewer System
facilities to all IEC measures for sanitation practice
Sewer system in town Construction of Sewerage Treatment
Plant (ASP)
Involvement of NGOs in providing Community toilets (22% Population
community toilets does not have toilet facilities and 1
toilet will cover 25 families) 2011
popu- 183000, 22%=40260 HH-
6=6710 household
Public Convenience
Solid Waste Management

As DPR for Solid waste for Danapur is already prepared, therefore strategies and projects have not
been prepared. But the following can be considered at time of implementing the project.
Distribution of community bins
Purchase of modern equipment
Explore the possibility of PPP
Awareness program for segregation of waste at source and for solid waste management system in
general.
Urban Poor and Slums

Providing livable Improvement in housing condition Housing for slum dwellers (40 sqm
houses for poor plot Site)
Street Light
Coverage of whole Separate Poles for Street Lights Installing Street Light poles (at
area by street light to distance of 30m)
make the city safe Implant High mask poles in the Implanting High mast Poles (14m
crowded Areas and all the major Height)
rotaries at a proper height Implanting High mast Poles (40m
Height)
Urban Renewal and Growth

The new Awareness of planned Implementation of building byelaws
development in a development and zoning regulation
planned way and old Standardisation of land use
area to be managed Issuing building byelaws and Demarcation of hawking zones and
properly Zoning regulation regularization of informal market
Removal of encroachment
Demarcation of hawking zones
and regularization of informal

market
Construction of Slaughter House at
city Periphery area
Traffic and Transport

Well managed city Creating transport infrastructure Truck Terminal (Area=10 Ha)
traffic with a proper Improvement and construction of Improvement of existing Bus Stand
road network Bus Stand
Construction of parking facilities Parking (1000 Sqm each)
Improvement of existing main Junction Improvement
road junction
Construction of new roads Construction of new roads
Re-strengthening of the existing Road Improvement with foot path
city roads
Environment
A good living Preservation of Ganga River Tree Plantation along river bed
environment Riverfront Development of Ganga
River
Construction of Botanical garden
Meditation park
Municipal Finance
Generation of own Improving the property tax Restructuring tariff rates and need to
resources to sustain collection identify more programs to augment the
the city in long run revenue of DNP
with the initial help Improving the water tax collection Increasing the tax base and collection
of government performance
Enhancing the municipal tax base Proper monitoring of funds, their

disbursement and utilization
Imposing new municipal tax Increasing water tax
Imposing new municipal tax
Institutional Set-up
Sustainable, Training of DNP staff Training of DNP staff and
effective and well- Implementation Double entry system
coordinated Need for improvement of Implementation of Double Entry
governance coordination amongst different Accrual Based Accounting
mechanism department Training and Institutional
Strengthening
Clear-cut demarcation of Communication and Citizen
responsibilities Participation Program
Modernizing Office Infrastructure
Requirement of capacity building E-Governance System for Municipal
Services
Formation of project management Asset Management System (GIS
cell/ a committee to expedite Mapping of Property Tax System,
matters related to city Water Pipe line, Sewer System,
development. Drainage System)
Education
Goals Strategies Projects/ Programs Quantity Unit
Primary School (Class I to 12 no
Providing
Provision of education V)
deficient
facilities Senior Secondary(Class VI 8 no
education
to XII) (1000 students)
facilities
Provision of technical Technical training center 2 no
institution
Health
Goals Strategies Projects/ Programs Quantity Unit
Procurement of required
Adequately equipped
equipments by CHC from
CHC with medicines, As per Requirement
Government
staff and equipment
Recruitment of vacant staff by
Providing
government
health facilities
IEC for health IEC for health awareness
to all
awareness 1 Nos
Poly Clinic
1 Nos
Nursing home, Child welfare
Providing health
and Maternity center (25 – 30
facilities
Beds) 1 Nos
Dispensary
3 Nos
****
Cultural Centre/Recreational Ganga River Tree Plantation along river bed, Construction of STP
club as a part of River front Botanical garden, Meditation park
Development
River Front Development
Truck
Terminal
Proposed
Industrial Area
Figure 5-1: Danapur Proposals
6 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN
6.1 INTRODUCTION
After formulating the vision, next step is to formulate the strategies to achieve the vision. The
strategies have been formulated for each sector based on the problems and issues identified for each
sector and to achieve the sectoral goal through analysis as well as stakeholders perceptions. This
chapter presents strategies and projects for each sector, starting with physical growth management
strategy to sustainable finance strategy.
6.2 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

The projects related to each sector have been identified based on the assessment of local needs as
revealed by analysis of existing situation and through stakeholders‟ consultation. The projects also
have been identified by comparing the existing situation with the norms and standard.
6.3 SECTOR-WISE PROJECTS IDENTIFICATION AND COSTING

The sector-wise project identification and project have been given in the following sections. Costing
of project has been phased out till 2025 considering that all the project implementation will be over by
2025 for the planned and sustainable development for the plan year 2030. Sector-wise project costing
is given below:
Table 6.1: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Economic Development

Identified Projects Quantity Unit Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III
(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
(Investment (Investment (Investment
requirement requirement requirement
in Rs. Crore) in Rs. Crore) in Rs. Crore)
Single window approval All these projects
system are related to
Un-interrupted government policy
Electricity Supply in the for encouragement
industrial area of development in
Facilities for town by providing
upgradation of existing various facilities for
industries overall economic
Construction of development,
Motorable Roads therefore there is no
Construction of Truck cost mentioned
Terminal against this head
Allotment of Industrial
plots to new industrialist
Easy loan process
Tax holidays for big
industries
Tax free incentives to
small scale industries
Government Incentives
Development of vending 300 Nos 0.9
zones (street
vendors)
Sub Total 0.9
Grand Total Rs. 0.90 crores
Table 6.2: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Recreational Facilities

Phase-I (2011- Phase-II Phase-III
16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
Identified Projects Quantity Unit (Investment (Investment (Investment
Cultural
1 Nos 2.5 2.5
Centre/Recreational club
Development of Public
5 no 2 1.2 0.8
Library (area 300sqm)
Kanji House (Stray Cattle
1 no 0.1
House) (2 ha.)
Landscaping and flood
protection along Ganga
river front – North bank
8 km 60 60
(stretch within Danapur
town boundaries) and
River Front Development
Development of parks 5 no 5 5
Sports Complex 1 no 0.3 0.18 0.12
Boating facility 1 no 0.6
Sub Total 70.5 68.88 0.92
Grand Total Rs.140.30 crores
Table 6.3: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Drainage

(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
Preparation of Drainage
Master Plan considering 11.63 sqkm 0.2
the city level slope
Construction of Primary
19 kms 1.43 0.86 0.57
drains
Construction of
9 kms 1.8 1.08 0.72
Secondary drains
Improvement/ repairing
of existing primary and 38 kms 0.342
secondary drains
Improvement/ repairing
18 kms 0.98
of existing main drains
Jeep Mounted Excavator 1 No 0.3
Regular dozer 1 No 0.07
JCB 1 No 0.23
Dumper Truck 1 No 0.09
Removing the
encroachment on flood 1 No 0.2
prone low lying areas
Sub Total 5.64 1.94 1.29
Table 6.4: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Sewerage and Sanitation

(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
New Sewer System 28 km 5.6 3.36 2.24
IEC measures for
1 No. 0.1
sanitation practice
Construction of
Sewerage Treatment 50 MLD 18.75 11.25 7.5
Plant (ASP)
Community toilets (22%
Population does not have
toilet facilities and 1
134 Nos 13.42
toilet will cover 50
families) 2011 popu-
183000, 22%=40260
HH-6=6710 household
Public Convenience 15 Nos 1.5

Sub Total 39.37 14.61 9.74
Table 6.5: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Urban Poor and Slums
(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
Housing for slum 5052 Nos 75.78
dwellers (40 sqm plot
Site)
Sub Total 75.78
Table 6.6: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Streetlight

(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
Installing Street Light 408 Nos 0.61 0.37 0.25
poles (at distance of
30m)
Implanting High mast 15 Nos 0.05 0.05
Poles (14m Height)
Implanting High mast 4 Nos 0.24
Poles (40m Height)
Sub Total 0.90 0.41 0.25
Table 6.7: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Urban Planning and Growth
(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
Implementation of All these projects are
building byelaws and either related to
zoning regulation enforcement of
Standardization of land regulations, laws,
use rules or have already
Demarcation of hawking been covered under
zones and regularization various above
of informal market mentioned projects,
Removal of therefore there is no
encroachment cost mentioned
against this head
Construction of
Slaughter House at city
Periphery area 1
Sub Total 1
Table 6.8: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Traffic and Transportation

(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
Development of Truck 1 Nos --
6.00 4.00
Terminal
Improvement of existing 1 Nos
0.1
Bus Stand
Parking (1000 Sqm each) 10 Nos 0.5 0.5
Junction Improvement 4 Nos 0.6
Construction of new 10 km
30
roads
Road Improvement with 25 Kms
18.75 18.75
foot path
Sub Total 55.95 23.25
Table 6.9: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Environment

(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
Tree Plantation along 8 KM
0.04 0.04
river bed
Riverfront Included in
Development of Ganga Recreational 0 0
River facilities
Construction of 1 no
1
Botanical garden
Meditation park 1 no 5 5
Sub Total 6.04 5.04 0
Table 6.10: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Urban Governance and Institutional Setup
(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
Training of DNP staff and 1 0.04 0.03 0.03
Implementation Double
entry system
Implementation of 1 0.1
Double Entry Accrual
Based Accounting
Training and Institutional 1 1 0.75 0.75

Strengthening
Communication and 1 0.04 0.03 0.03
Citizen Participation
Programme
Modernizing Office 1 1 1
Infrastructure
E-Governance System for 1 6
Municipal Services
Asset Management 11.63 sqkm 0.5815
System (GIS Mapping of
Property Tax System,
Water Pipe line, Sewer
System, Drainage
System)
Sub Total 8.7615 1.81 0.81
Table 6.11: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Education

(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
Primary School (Class I to
65 3.25 1.95 1.3
V) no
Senior Secondary(Class
45 4.5 2.7 1.8
VI to XII) (1000 students) no
College (1000 to 1500
2 15 9 6
students) no
Sub Total 22.75 13.65 9.1
Table 6.12: Cost Estimate and Phasing of Health

(2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
Procurement of
required equipments by
As per Requirement
CHC from Government
Recruitment of vacant
staff by government
IEC for health 1
0.1
awareness Nos
Incineration Center 1 Nos 0.2
General Hospital 1 Nos 20 12 8
Intermediate hospital 2
20 12 8
(Category A) Nos
Poly Clinic 4 Nos 8 4.8 3.2
Nursing home, Child 2
welfare and Maternity
center (25 – 30 Beds) Nos 2.66 1.60 1.06
Dispensary 22 Nos 3.08 1.85 1.23
Sub Total 54.13 32.24 21.5
6.4 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN

With a continuous increase in the population of Danapur city over a period of time, the demand for
the infrastructure has grown several-folds. If we continue with the present growth rate, we would
find that after few years, the existing infrastructure in terms of solid waste management, drainage,
sewerage, drinking water, parking, public conveniences etc. would fall short way beyond the
requirement.
The table below summarizes the sector –wise investment requirement for urban infrastructure
covering various facets as per scope of work.
The following Table 6.13 summarizes the sector–wise investment requirement for urban
infrastructure covering various facets as per scope of the work. The total investment required would
be Rs 547.05 crore.
Table 6.13: Broad Investment Plan

Investment Required (Rs. Crore) Sector-wise
Sectors Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III Total Distribution
(2011-15) (2016-20) (2021-30) (%)
Sewer System 39.37 14.61 9.74 63.72 11.65
Storm Water Drainage 5.63 1.94 1.29 8.86 1.62
Traffic and Transportation 55.95 23.25 0.00 79.20 14.48
Street Lighting 0.90 0.41 0.25 1.56 0.28
Health 54.04 32.24 21.50 107.78 19.70
Education 22.75 13.65 9.10 45.50 8.32
Recreational Facilities 70.50 68.88 0.92 140.30 25.65
Housing for Urban Poor 75.78 0.00 0.00 75.78 13.85
Environment 6.04 5.04 0.00 11.08 2.03
Urban Renewal/ Growth 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.18
Economic Growth 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.16
Urban Governance and
8.76 1.81 0.81 11.38 2.08
Institutional Setup
Total Cost 341.61 161.83 43.60 547.05 100.00
Source: Prepared by Consultant
The shares of different sectors of the total investment tabulated above have been diagrammatically
depicted below in Figure 6.1. A careful analysis of the same will reveal that more than 25.65% of
the funds are proposed to be utilized on development schemes for Recreational facilities, followed
by Health (19.07%), Traffic and Transportation (14.48%), Housing for Urban Poor (13.85%)
Sewerage (11.65%) and Education (8.32%).
Figure 6-1: Broad Investment share
6.5 FUNDING PATTERN

Since DNP is covered under JNNURM scheme, investment plan can be prepared in the line of this
scheme. The quantum of investment is quite substantial largely because there has been significant
backlog in investment over the years. Apart from JNNURM, the ULB can also access infrastructure
fund from central and state government as earmarked in the 13th Finance Commission (Central
Government) and 4th State Finance Commission (State Government).
Funding Structure
Since the funding of CDP of Danapur is covered under JNNURM central government scheme,
therefore the onus lies with central as well as the state government to fund the CDP implementation
process. A possible funding model is outlined in the ensuing paragraphs. However, the state
government may not be in a position to fund due to the paucity of fund. Further, the state
government, through various innovative funding mechanisms can fund the CDP investment. Table
6.14 below shows the funding pattern of the proposed CDP projects. The funding pattern has been
taken from the JNNURM guideline. Although JNNURM period is ending in 2012-13 and very few
projects have been sanctioned in Danapur, but it is assumed that considering the special status of
Bihar, JNNURM may fund remaining projects as proposed in the current study. Some projects can
be taken up on PPP mode, which will be explored in the Final CDP. The projects, which cannot be
taken by PPP completely, the government has to do the viability gap funding.
Table 6.14: Funding Pattern of CDP by State Government and PPP (amount in Rs. Crore)
ULB or Para-Statal
Central State
Share/Loan
Projects Total Government Government
from Financial
(50%) (20%)
Institutions (30%)
Core Development Sectors
Economic Growth 0.90 0.45 0.27 0.18

Recreational 140.3 70.15 42.09 28.06
Other Development Sectors 0 0 0
Drainage 8.86 4.43 2.66 1.77
Sewer System 63.72 31.86 19.12 12.74
Health 107.78 53.89 32.33 21.56
Education 45.50 22.75 13.65 9.10
Housing for Urban Poor 75.78 37.89 22.73 15.16
Street Lighting 1.56 0.78 0.47 0.31
Urban Planning and Growth 1 0.50 0.30 0.20
Traffic and Transportation 79.2 39.60 23.76 15.84
Environment 11.08 5.54 3.32 2.22
Municipal Finance 0 0 0 0
Institutional Setup 11.38 5.69 3.41 2.28
Total Cost 547.05 273.53 164.12 109.41
6.5.1.1 PPP Funding:

Experience the world over has shown that private sector participation (PSP) results in cost savings
and improvement in efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery mainly due to financial and
managerial autonomy and accountability in private sector operations. Besides, it brings in new
investment and better technologies. (P.U. Asnani). Therefore, PPP model must be explored on
various projects wherever possible.
The private agencies may be contacted for the projects of solid waste management, other social
infrastructure and street lighting for PPP. For PPP projects Pooled Municipal Debt Obligation
(PMDO) Facility of IL & FS group may be contacted. A brief about PMDO is given below:
6.5.1.2 PMDO
IL & FS has created an asset management company by the name of IL & FS Urban Infrastructure
Managers Limited (IUIML) to avail the PMDO Facility. Under PMDO the project finance
requirements in the urban sector will be funded from the corpus of Rs. 27.50 billion. It will provide
long tenure financing upto a period of 13 years. Contributions to this facility have come from
leading banks and financial institutions in the country.
Eligible Borrower:
Urban Local bodies, Special Purpose Vehicles and BOT Operator, who are implementing urban
infrastructure projects, are eligible to access this.
Advantage of PMDO
Service of professional asset manager with urban experience
Assistance to borrower for viability and bankability of projects
Structuring the PMDO assistance to suite the project needs
Common loan documentation
Project specific security creation
Disbursement under one roof
Post disbursement follow up
Activities
Project Identification
Assisting the borrower in structuring projects and internal rating
Placing of the projects for sanction
Issue of disbursement memo and follow up
Loan asset management
Project Approved- Project related to water supply, sewerage scheme, city infrastructure, solid
waste management, urban transport, health care, slum rehabilitation, area development have been
approved in many ULBs in India viz. Madurai, Gwalior, Nagpur, Nanded, Daldia, Karim Nagar,
Jaipur, Ichalkaranji, Kagal, Surat etc.
6.5.1.3 International Donor
The ULBs cannot access fund directly from international donors like DFID, USAID, CIDA, GTZ
etc. due to the procedural difficulties. But the state government with the help of central government
may arrange fund for ULB for the CDP implementation.
6.5.1.4 Formation Project Management Unit and SPVs
The state government must form a PMU and SPVs for the implementation of CDP. These are
required for PPP projects and Non-PPP projects. PMUs and SPVs should consist of a professional
team of technical, financial, business development, administrative & institutional specialists so that
all projects can be implemented on a time. An indicative structure of PMU and SPV has been shown
in Figure 6.2.
Figure 6-2 : Indicative Structure of PMU and SPV
Final Report
3-1
PPP Projects Non PPP Projects
Direct Bidding
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3
GOI Grants
Pooling Financial Resources GOB Grants
Institutional
Loans
Danapur Development Fund Market Debts
Infrastructure
The Holding Company bonds
International
Aid receipts
SPVs for Various Sectors
From selling
equity in SPVs
User charges
6.5.1.5 Other Suggestions for Innovative Findings

Water Management Fund‟
Among other source of fund for water supply projects, one could come from creating a Water
Management Fund. It is suggested for consideration that a „Water Management Fund‟ may be
created through levy of a minimal tax of say, 10 paise per litre, on bottled water and soft drinks sold
by the manufacturer/distributors in the State. The levy so collected could be directly deposited in the
proposed Water Management Fund and allocated among implementing agencies in all project cities.
Apart from using this fund for implementing water supply project, a substantial fix proportion may
also be allotted to Water Resource Department of Bihar. Some mount also can be spent for the
institutional strengthening of water sector in the state. The Fund could be managed by a Board
consisting of senior representatives from the State Government and independent expert professionals
under the administrative supervision and control of the State Government.
It may be mentioned in this context that a study carried out by Dr. Manoj Nadkarni, Program
Coordinator at the centre for Communication and Development Studies, Pune, estimates that in
India the market for packaged water to be between Rs.800 crores and Rs.1000 crores and is growing
at a rate of nearly 40% per annum. Further, Beverage Marketing Corporation, USA, reports that
though packaged water accounts for only 5% of the total beverage market in India, branded bottled
water is the fastest growing industry in the beverage sector.
Levy of tax on bottled water and soft drinks would help to build up a dedicated fund for water
management similar to that of road fund created through levy on fuel and in force in several
countries, and at the national level in this country.
This would require suitable legislation and could be implemented over a medium term period.
PPP for Street Light through Energy Service Company (ESCO)
The problems faced by ULB with respect to street lighting can be resolved through the appointment
of an ESCO. A typical ESCO can be defined as a consultancy group engaged in a performance-
based contract with a client firm to implement measures which reduce energy consumption and costs
in a technically and financially viable manner2. Main functions of ESCO are reducing the energy
usage by using innovative energy saving lights and energy efficient devices, reducing wastage by
proper monitoring by using modern devices. ESCOs offer complete energy project management
services including energy auditing, design, turnkey installation, financing, marketing, maintenance
and monitoring.
Carbon Credits: The ESCO can qualify for registering with the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) for
adopting energy-efficiency and energy saving measures. The project can be submitted for approval
and certification under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) regime of the Kyoto Protocol
and the certified emission reductions generated can be sold. The revenues accruing from such CDM
transactions and the expenses incurred can be shared between the Concessionaire and the ULB.
6.6 PROJECT RISK

6.6.1 Environmental Impact
No mitigation measures are suggested, because magnitude of impact is low and temporary in nature.
2
Source: Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Compensatory plantation as per state governments‟ guidelines has been suggested. There may be
marginal rise in air pollution and noise level during the construction period, but magnitude is so low
that no mitigation measures are suggested.
6.6.2 Social Impact
The development projects have been identified to benefit the local people and the pilgrims visiting
World heritage site. Some impacts are beneficial in short terms and some in long terms, however,
the basic assumption is to benefit the local people through identification and implementation of
different projects. Implementation of these city development projects will have both positive and
negative impacts. Positive impacts are mostly better living condition, urban environment and
adequate infrastructure services for both local people and tourists. The negative impacts are short
term and limited only to the project affected persons (PAPs) during implementation of the project.
7 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN
7.1 INTRODUCTION
The main agency implementing CDP is the Danapur Nagar Parishad (DNP). A detailed account of its
finances has been presented in chapter 4 under the municipal finance section. This chapter deals with
the feasibility of investments proposed in the previous chapter. The financial sustainability of
investments in also has been analysed keeping in view existing system.
The Financial Operating Plan (FOP) is essentially a multi-year forecast of finances of the urban local
body for a term of 5 to 20 years (plan period). It needs mention that the identified investment is
phased from 2011-12 to 2030-31. Also as requirement of TOR an investment plan is prepared for first
five year i.e. from 2011-11 to 2016-17 and the FOP has also been generated for the same plan period.
This five yearly FOP is prepared considering only the core functions of ULB. A salient feature of the
FOP is that all outstanding dues including debt and non-debt liabilities have been taken into account
and the repayment has been scheduled accordingly.
The FOP is basically generated to assess the investment sustaining capacity of the ULB adopting a
project funding structure comprising, funds from the State Government under various government
schemes and direct funding through budgetary allocation; ULB and Private Sector. The major
criterion for ascertaining the investment sustaining capacity of DNP is that, it should have year-to-
year positive Opening Balance during the plan period.
The approach adopted by consultants is an integrated one, which is inter-twined together in terms of
financial, institutional and legal reforms into one combined synergistic strategy with components both
at the state level as well as the municipal level.
7.2 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN OF DNP

The finance data for the financial year 2005-06 to 2009-10 of DNP have been used as the base to
prepare the FOP. As mentioned in chapter 4, the municipality maintains its account on a cash basis
accounting system. The main items of income and expenditure have been classified into two accounts
for assessing the financial position of the council namely revenue account and capital account. The
same has been adopted for the FOP and further revenue account receipts and expenditure were
projected under following broad categories.
Income
(a) Revenue Receipt
Own Sources- Revenue
Own Sources- Taxes
Own Sources- Non Taxes
New Taxes
Assigned Revenues
Revenue Grants
Include salary
Matching grants
Other revenue grants
Other Income (Miscellaneous)
(b) Capital Receipts
Expenditure
(a) Revenue Expenditure
Total Establishment Expenditure
O & M Expenditure
Programme Expenditure
Administration Expenditure
Finance & Interest Expenditure
Misc. Expenditure
7.3 FOP SCENARIOS

The capital investment required for the identified five year high priority interventions are to be
initiated from financial year 2011-12. The FOP is worked out for three scenarios, viz:
Business As Usual
The growth rate for forecasting municipal income and expenditure for Business as Usual are based on
past trends (5-year compound annual growth rate – CAGR).
Alternate Scenario 1 – Implementation of reforms
The assumptions for forecasting municipal income and expenditure for the alternate scenario-1
adopted are primarily based on past trends (5-year compound annual growth rate – CAGR) taking into
consideration implementation of Reforms.
Alternate Scenario 2 – Sustainable High Priority Investment
The assumptions for forecasting municipal income and expenditure for the alternate scenario-2
adopted are primarily based on minimum level of growth rate to be achieved for sustainable
development of city by implementation of reforms. (The revenue income and expenditure
projections have been considered by the projections provided by SPUR)
7.3.1 Business As Usual Scenario
In Business As Usual, the finances of DNP are forecasted in “do nothing”, wherein the revenue and
expenditure account of municipality is forecasted based on existing trend (proposed growth rate of
both income and expenditure is considered same as growth rate of past five years). Since the FOP
model is developed to ascertain the high priority investment sustaining capacity, the base case
scenario is developed assuming that there will be no new capital transaction and this will indicate the
DNP‟s capacity to generate surplus to service capital expenditure. The following Table 7.1 presents
the projected income and expenditure of DNP for next five years on business as usual scenario.
Table 7.1: Business As Usual Scenario - DNP’s Income and Expenditure
Actual Income and Expenditure (Amount in Rs. Lakh) Growth Rate Projected Income and Expenditure based on Growth Rate (Amount in Rs. Lakh)
Items Remarks
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 (in %) 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Total Receipts 244.44 169.67 525.89 750.68 1,231.90 1,046.00 1,706.35 2,860.84 4,907.44 8,591.27 15,331.90
Revenue Receipts 155.13 104.50 228.33 466.89 697.78 617.00 1035.47 1811.71 3266.79 6025.60 11319.67
(A) Own Sources- Taxes 68.20 26.52 26.43 46.48 106.23
11.72% 70.00 78.20 87.36 97.60 109.03 121.80
Growth Rate -61.12% -0.32% 75.86% 128.54% CAGR 2005-10
(B) Own Sources- Non-Taxes 32.60 6.79 32.72 30.95 22.73
-8.63% 46.00 42.0 38.4 35.1 32.1 29.3
Growth Rate -79.18% 382.05% -5.41% -26.56% CAGR 2005-10
(C) Assigned Revenues 37.31 61.32 64.50 243.59 412.44
82.34% 344.00 627.2 1,143.7 2,085.4 3,802.4 6,933.2
Growth Rate 64.33% 5.20% 277.64% 69.32% CAGR 2005-10
Revenue Grants (Including Salary and
(D) 14.96 9.12 103.11 98.25 103.46
Matching grants) 62.16% 104.00 168.7 273.5 443.5 719.2 1,166.3
Growth Rate -39.06% 1031.00% -4.71% 5.30% CAGR 2005-10
(E) Other Income 2.06 0.76 1.56 47.62 52.92
125.19% 53.00 119.3 268.8 605.2 1,362.9 3,069.0
Growth Rate -62.90% - - 11.14% CAGR 2005-10
Capital Receipts 89.31 65.17 297.57 283.79 534.12
56.38% 429.00 670.9 1,049.1 1,640.6 2,565.7 4,012.2
Growth Rate -27.03% 356.59% -4.63% 88.21% CAGR 2005-10
Revenue Expenditure 173.97 112.30 504.71 644.42 741.45 728.00 1193.74 2024.39 3525.11 6274.94 11381.83
(A) Total Establishment Expenditure 16.59 15.11 78.47 239.21 256.73
98.34% 260.0 515.7 1,022.8 2,028.5 4,023.2 7,979.4
Growth Rate -8.95% 419.42% 204.86% 7.32% CAGR 2005-10
(B) O & M Expenditure 70.48 60.97 149.40 20.89 18.22
-28.69% 21.0 15.0 10.7 7.6 5.4 3.9
Growth Rate -13.50% 145.04% -86.02% -12.77% CAGR 2005-10
(C) Programme Expenditure 78.60 25.07 266.99 347.66 424.31
52.43% 405.0 617.3 941.0 1,434.4 2,186.4 3,332.7
Growth Rate -68.11% 965.18% 30.21% 22.05% CAGR 2005-10
(D) Administration Expenditure 25.76 27.16
5.42% 28.0 29.5 31.1 32.8 34.6 36.5
Growth Rate 5.42% CAGR 2008-10
(E) Misc. Expenditure 8.30 11.15 9.85 10.89 15.02
16.00% 14.0 16.2 18.8 21.9 25.3 29.4
Growth Rate 34.41% -11.68% 10.60% 37.90% CAGR 2005-10
Surplus/Deficit (Revenue) -18.84 -7.80 -276.39 -177.53 -43.67 -111.00 -158.27 -212.68 -258.32 -249.33 -62.16
As shown in Table 7.1, if the income and expenditure of DNP are projected on the average growth rate of past four year, then it will be hugely in deficit. Projecting the income expenditure on average growth rate is impractical mainly
because of the reason that municipality does not work in a systematic way. Therefore an alternative scenarios based on practical proposed growth rates have been proposed below.
7.3.2 Alternate Scenario 1

After analyzing the above scenario it is felt that DNP can not only enhance its income but also bridge
this gap by:
Private sector participation in implementation of proposed projects;
Prioritizing and phasing of investment
Implementing property tax reforms to increase revenue;
Increasing user charges for water and other urban services
Imposing new taxes
Therefore, consultant proposes an alternate scenario with conservative approach for projecting future
expenditure and liberal approach for projecting future income. Based on reform implementation Tax
yield has been estimated for FY 2015-16 in Table 7.2 below.
Table 7.2: Projection of Tax Yield for 2015-16
Particulars 2009-10 2015-16
Potential Actual Potential Estimated Remarks / Assumptions
Total Increase in Potential properties
properties to be 33,541 22,412 42441 33,953 assumed to be 4% annually, Taxed
taxed 80% of potential
Increase in Potential ARV assumed
Average ARV*
11,894 5,947 15939 15,939 5% annually, Actual Rate same as
of properties
Potential Rate
Total ARV of
39.89cr 13.32cr 67.64cr 54.11cr
all properties
Holding Tax
3.59cr 1.19cr 6.08cr 4.87cr
Liability
Tax Collection
90% 44% 90% 85%
%
Compounded annual growth rate in
Tax Yield 3.23cr 52.78lakhs 5.47cr 4.14cr
Tax yield is 41% approximately
Total
Efficiency of 8.18 75.56
Tax collection
Source: FY 2009-10 DFID-SPUR,
FY 2015-16 generated by consultant
* Annual Rental Value
The Table 7.3 provides the reasons on which assumptions for Growth Rates of Income & Expenditure
are based.
Table 7.3: Basis for assumption of Growth Rates
CAGR (%) Growth Rate
Total Receipts Reasons
FY 2005-10 Assumed (%)
Revenue Receipts
CAGR for increase in Tax Yield on implementation
Own Sources- Taxes 11.72 40
of reforms is 41% as shown in Table 7.2
The revenue earned from non tax source is almost
Own Sources- Non- constant except in year 2006-07, which is
-8.63 20
Taxes exceptionally low, a CAGR of 49.59% has been
calculated for the last 4 years.
As the CAGR is exceptionally high a growth rate
Assigned Revenues 82.34 15 of 15% as in PATNA has been taken into
consideration
CAGR is high because there has been a
Revenue Grants
considerable growth in the grants from the FY
(Including Salary and 62.16 20
2005-06 to 2009-10. A growth rate similar to that in
Matching grants)
Patna has been taken.
CAGR from 2008-10 ie 11.5% has been considered
Other Income 125.19 10 as figures for other income before that were very
low
Revenue Expenditure
Establishment expenditure was very low in the first
Total Establishment
98.34 10 3 years. Therefore a growth rate of the last two FY's
Expenditure
is considered i.e. 7.32%
Assumed 20 % based on growth rate of PATNA as
O & M Expenditure -28.69 20 O &M expenses are showing a decreasing trend
over the years.
Programme Assumed 15% as CAGR from FY 2005-10 is very
52.43 15
Expenditure high
Administration Based on CAGR from FY 2005-10
5.42 5
Expenditure
Misc Expenditure 16.00 5 Based on CAGR from FY 2005-10
The alternate scenario is presented in Table 7.4 and is based on the following assumptions.
Income
Income by ULB‟s own tax sources by 40% per annum (CAGR of Tax yield is 41% approximately
as per Table 7.2).
Income by ULB‟s own non-tax sources by 20% per annum
Income from Assigned Revenue sources increase by 15% per annum
Income from Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and Matching grants) increase by 20% per annum
Income from other sources increase by 10% per annum
Income from capital receipt increase by 5% per annum
New Taxes proposed with the annual increase of 20% per annum
Expenditure
Total Establishment Expenditure by 10% growth per annum
Operation and maintenance expenditure increase by 20% per annum
Programme expenditure increase by 15% per annum
Administration expenditure increase by 5% per annum
Misc. Expenditure increase by 15% annually.
Table 7.4: Alternate Scenario 1 - DNP’s Income and Expenditure
Actual Income and Expenditure (Amount in Rs. Lakh) Projected Income and Expenditure based on Growth Rate (Amount in Rs. Lakh)
Items Growth Rate (in %)
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Total Receipts 244.44 169.67 525.89 750.68 1,231.90 1,046.00 1,212.35 1,381.24 1,584.83 1,832.50 2,136.72
(A) Own Sources- Taxes 68.20 26.52 26.43 46.48 106.23
40.0 70.00 98.00 137.20 192.08 268.91 376.48
Growth Rate -61.12% -0.32% 75.86% 128.54%
(B) Own Sources- New Taxes 20.0 30.00 36.00 43.20 51.84 62.21
(C) Own Sources- Non-Taxes 32.60 6.79 32.72 30.95 22.73
20.0 46.0 55.2 66.2 79.5 95.4 114.5
Growth Rate -79.18% 382.05% -5.41% -26.56%
(D) Assigned Revenues 37.31 61.32 64.50 243.59 412.44
15.0 344.0 395.6 454.9 523.2 601.7 691.9
Growth Rate 64.33% 5.20% 277.64% 69.32%
(E) Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and
14.96 9.12 103.11 98.25 103.46
Matching grants) 20.0 104.0 124.8 149.8 179.7 215.7 258.8
Growth Rate -39.06% 1031.00% -4.71% 5.30%
(F) Other Income 2.06 0.76 1.56 47.62 52.92
10.0 53.0 58.3 64.1 70.5 77.6 85.4
Growth Rate -62.90% - - 11.14%
5.0 429.0 450.5 473.0 496.6 521.5 547.5
Growth Rate -27.03% 356.59% -4.63% 88.21%
(A) Total Establishment Expenditure 16.59 15.11 78.47 239.21 256.73
10.0 260.0 286.0 314.6 346.1 380.7 418.7
Growth Rate -8.95% 419.42% 204.86% 7.32%
(B) O & M Expenditure 70.48 60.97 149.40 20.89 18.22
20.0 21.0 25.2 30.2 36.3 43.5 52.3
Growth Rate -13.50% 145.04% -86.02% -12.77%
15.0 405.0 465.8 535.6 616.0 708.3 814.6
Growth Rate -68.11% - 30.21% 22.05%
5.0 28.0 29.4 30.9 32.4 34.0 35.7
Growth Rate 5.42%
(F) Misc Expenditure 8.30 11.15 9.85 10.89 15.02
15.0 14.0 16.1 18.5 21.3 24.5 28.2
Growth Rate 34.41% -11.68% 10.60% 37.90%
Surplus/Deficit (Revenue) -18.84 -7.80 -276.39 -177.53 -43.67 -111.00 -60.55 -21.57 36.20 119.97 239.71
7.3.3 Alternate Scenario 2

The consultant has proposed an alternate scenario-2 with conservative approach for projecting future
expenditure and income based on Reform Implementation. The alternate scenario is presented in
Table 7.5 and is based on the following assumptions.
Income
Income by ULB‟s own tax sources is double in 2011-12, triple in 2013-14, quartiplate in 2015-16.
Income by ULB‟s own non-tax sources is double in 2011-12, triple in 2013-14, quartiplate in
2015-16.
Income from Assigned Revenue sources increase by 5% per annum
Income from Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and Matching grants) increase by 4% growth per
annum from FY 2011-12 (Matching grant 3 to 7%)
Income from other sources increase by 5% per annum
Income from capital receipt increase by 5% per annum
New Taxes proposed with the annual increase of 20% per annum
Expenditure
Total Establishment Expenditure by 5% growth per annum except in 2011-12 is 10% due to
restructuring &VI pay Commission
Operation and maintenance expenditure increase by 5% per annum
Programme expenditure increase by 5% per annum
Administration expenditure increase by 5% per annum
Misc. Expenditure increase by 5% annually.
Table 7.5: Alternate Scenario 2 - DNP’s Income and Expenditure
Actual Income and Expenditure (Amount in Rs. Lakh) Projected Income and Expenditure based on Growth Rate (Amount in Rs. Lakh)
Items Growth Rate (in %)
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Total Receipts 244.44 169.67 525.89 750.68 1,231.90 1,046.00 1,160.00 1,252.00 1,348.20 1,448.84 1,553.21
(A) Own Sources- Taxes 68.20 26.52 26.43 46.48 106.23 double in 2011-12,triple in 2013-14,
70.0 93.0 116.0 139.0 163.0 186.0
Growth Rate -61.12% -0.32% 75.86% 128.54% quartiplate in 2015-16
(B) Own Sources- New Taxes 20.0 30.00 36.00 43.20 51.84 62.21
(C) Own Sources- Non-Taxes 32.60 6.79 32.72 30.95 22.73 double in 2011-12,triple in 2013-14,
46.0 62.0 77.0 93.0 108.0 124.0
Growth Rate -79.18% 382.05% -5.41% -26.56% quartiplate in 2015-16
(D) Assigned Revenues 37.31 61.32 64.50 243.59 412.44
5.0 344.0 361.0 379.0 398.0 418.0 439.0
Growth Rate 64.33% 5.20% 277.64% 69.32%
(E) Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and
14.96 9.12 103.11 98.25 103.46 4% growth form FY 2011-12
Matching grants) 104.0 108.0 112.0 116.0 121.0 126.0
(Matching grant 3 to 7%)
Growth Rate -39.06% 1031.00% -4.71% 5.30%
(F) Other Income 2.06 0.76 1.56 47.62 52.92
5.0 53.0 56.0 59.0 62.0 65.0 68.0
Growth Rate -62.90% - - 11.14%
5.0 429.0 450.0 473.0 497.0 522.0 548.0
Growth Rate -27.03% 356.59% -4.63% 88.21%
(A) Total Establishment Expenditure 16.59 15.11 78.47 239.21 256.73 5% growth except in 2011-12 is
Growth Rate 10%due to restructuring &VI pay 260.0 286.0 300.0 315.0 331.0 348.0
-8.95% 419.42% 204.86% 7.32%
Commission
(B) O & M Expenditure 70.48 60.97 149.40 20.89 18.22
5.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0
Growth Rate -13.50% 145.04% -86.02% -12.77%
5.0 405.0 425.0 446.0 468.0 491.0 516.0
Growth Rate -68.11% 965.18% 30.21% 22.05%
5.0 28.0 29.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0
Growth Rate 5.42%
(E) Misc Expenditure 8.30 11.15 9.85 10.89 15.02
5.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0
Growth Rate 34.41% -11.68% 10.60% 37.90%
Surplus/Deficit (Revenue) 155.13 104.50 228.33 466.89 697.78 617.00 710.00 779.00 851.20 926.84 1005.21
As mentioned in BMA 2007, the municipality can levy the following taxes (Part IV: Municipal
Revenue: Chapter XV: 127. Power to levy taxes):
(1) Subject to the provisions of section 10, the Municipality shall have, for the purposes of this Act,
the power to levy the following taxes:-
Current Status If currently not imposed
of Imposition suggestion for future imposition
1 Property tax on lands and buildings. Yes -
2 Surcharge on transfer of lands and
Yes -
buildings,
3 Tax on deficit in parking spaces in any
No Yes
non-residential building,
4 Water tax, Yes -
5 Fire tax, No Yes
6 Tax on advertisements, other than
advertisements published in Yes -
newspapers,
7 Surcharge on entertainment tax No Yes
8 Surcharge on electricity consumption Yes
No
within the municipal area,
9 Tax on congregations, No Yes
10 Tax on pilgrims and tourists, and No Yes
11 Toll – -
on roads, bridges, ferries and
No No
navigable channel and
on heavy trucks which shall be
heavy goods vehicles, and buses,
which shall be heavy passenger
No Yes
motor vehicles, within the meaning
of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988,
plying on a public street.
12 Tax on profession No No
As mentioned above, to increase the tax base, the municipality has to impose new tax as entitled in
BMA 2007. The following new taxes are proposed as a new tax category in Table 7.1, Table 7.4, &
Table 7.5:
Tax on deficit in parking spaces in any non-residential building,

Surcharge on entertainment tax
Surcharge on electricity consumption within the municipal area,
Tax on congregations,
Tax on pilgrims and tourists, and
Toll on heavy trucks which shall be heavy goods vehicles, and buses, which shall be heavy
passenger motor vehicles, within the meaning of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, plying on a
public street.
7.3.4 Selection of Alternative
Among all options discussed above, the Consultants suggest to opt for alternative Scenario 1 (Table
7.4). The above Table 7.4 reflects that by undertaking proposed fiscal measures and reforms the
DNP is able to enhance its revenue from the current level of deficit of Rs.111 lakh (2010-11) to
Rs.239.71 lakhs in 2015-16. There will be a total surplus of Rs.313.76 lakhs in next five year (2011-
12 to 2015-16). In this scenario it is able to meet the requirement of O&M cost of the assets created
under CDP for first five year.
7.4 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF DNP

As can be seen, the financial position of DNP is not strong. It is assumed that the surplus which is
expected to occur in the future years could be utilized for Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of the
projects. This way, their reliability on grants will reduce and maintenance of the infrastructure can
be done and thus on this account at least it can slowly and gradually become self-sustainable.
However, the consultants strongly believes that the above analysis could be supplemented by
looking at different revenue and expenditure sources such as water tax, fire tax, surcharge on
entertainment tax, surcharge on electricity consumption within the municipal area, tax on
congregations, tax on pilgrims and tourists, and toll on heavy trucks which shall be heavy goods
vehicles, and buses, which shall be heavy passenger motor vehicles, within the meaning of the
Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, plying on a public street etc. Similarly, some expenditures could be
increasing consistently and would looking into whether it was an increase due to inflation, increase
in operations or due to some other reasons.
7.4.1 Analysis of Accounting, Budgeting and Mis with a View to Identify Weaknesses
The present system of accounting is quite rudimentary and does not provide for any significant
transparency. As the DNP‟s staff will been trained in using double entry system, it is expected that
soon it may launch computerized accounting system based on double entry accounting, yet it is
difficult to anticipate its immediate results since the system would require restructuring of the
finance and accounts department and also institutional strengthening of the existing manpower.
7.5 INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS

With a continuous increase in the population of Danapur city over a period of time, the demand for
the infrastructure has grown several-folds. If we continue with the present growth rate, we would
find that after few years, the existing infrastructure in terms of solid waste management, drainage,
sewerage, drinking water, parking, public conveniences etc. would fall short way beyond the
requirement.
The table below summarizes the sector –wise investment requirement for urban infrastructure
covering various facets as per scope of work.
The following Table 7.6 summarizes the sector–wise investment requirement for urban
infrastructure covering various facets as per scope of the work. The total investment required would
be Rs. 547.05 crore.
Table 7.6 : Broad Investment Plan
Investment Required (Rs. Crore) Sector-wise
Sectors Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III Total Distribution
(2011-15) (2016-20) (2021-30) (%)
Sewer System 39.37 14.61 9.74 63.72 11.65
Storm Water Drainage 5.63 1.94 1.29 8.86 1.62
Traffic and Transportation 55.95 23.25 0.00 79.20 14.48
Street Lighting 0.90 0.41 0.25 1.56 0.28
Health 54.04 32.24 21.50 107.78 19.70
Education 22.75 13.65 9.10 45.50 8.32
Recreational Facilities 70.50 68.88 0.92 140.30 25.65
Housing for Urban Poor 75.78 0.00 0.00 75.78 13.85
Environment 6.04 5.04 0.00 11.08 2.03
Urban Renewal/ Growth 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.18
Economic Growth 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.16
8.76 1.81 0.81 11.38 2.08
Institutional Setup
Total Cost 341.61 161.83 43.60 547.05 100.00
The shares of different sectors of the total investment tabulated above have been diagrammatically
depicted below in Figure 7-1. A careful analysis of the same will reveal that more than 25.65% of
the funds are proposed to be utilized on development schemes for Recreational facilities, followed
by Health (19.07%), Traffic and Transportation (14.48%), Housing for Urban Poor (13.85%)
Sewerage (11.65%) and Education (8.32%) wherein the demand is expected to increase many folds
on account of growth and urbanization.
Figure 7-1 : Broad Investment share
The investment requirement in proposed infrastructure and services is huge whereas the financial
and managerial capacity of DNP in this regard is limited. Their resources are limited and they are
inadequately-equipped to meet the future demand/challenges. After democratic decentralization of
urban local governments through the BMA, 2007, the range of functions and responsibilities of
urban bodies have broadened, which require additional funds and staff.
Considering the financial status and the fact that DNP at present is unable to perform even its
existing duties and functions satisfactorily, the addition of new tasks will place extra burden on it.
Therefore, using the private sector is one of the options available to the local body. Use of public-
private partnerships to finance and manage urban services will enable DNP to re-deploy their staff to
perform the additional duties that are expected to be devolved to them under the Twelfth Schedule
of the Constitution. Thus, these arrangements in provision of basic urban services will not only
facilitate the inflow of private finance for projects requiring huge capital investments, but also bring
in competition between the service providers in order to improve the efficiency, accessibility and
quality of services delivered.
A series of public-private partnerships (PPP) in provision of municipal services have emerged in

different cities and towns. A few examples of such activities are given below:
Rajkot Municipal Corporation (RMC) has contracted out maintenance of street lights, solid
waste removal and transportation, cleaning of public toilets, maintenance of gardens, a
forestation etc. RMC has also undertaken various entertainment projects with the help of private
entrepreneurs. By using the services of the private sector, RMC has been able to save a
significant amount of money and has been able to close the gap between demand and supply by
improving service provision. Huge investments that are needed for acquiring capital equipments
such as tractors, trollies, etc. have now been given over to private contractors. However, RMC
has not retrenched any of its staff but has stopped new recruitment. RMC continues to use its
present manpower as well as equipment in certain areas in the city. This also serves as
contingency plan in case of service disruption due to problems with the private contractors.
In Pali (Rajasthan), the municipal body has given the maintenance of street light to the private
sector. In doing so it has been able to maintain the streetlights at one-fifth the cost it would have
incurred had it maintained the service itself.
Exnora is an NGO in Chennai, started by NRIs to improve civic amenities in Chennai. The
NGO helps in garbage removal not only in well off localities but also in slums. The households
pay a nominal charge of Rs.10 to Rs.20 per month for the service. In the slums, the households
pay less but provide labour instead. Exmore has directly employed rage pickers for garbage
removal. Exmore has been successful in its attempt to help keep the city clean and has extended
its services to many localities in the city.
In Indore in the garden in the roundabouts on city roads are developed and maintained by the
local resident association/market association/community under overall supervision of ward
committee.
7.6 PROPOSED STRUCTURE AND FUNDING

The potential municipal services for privatization include large scale activities such as solid waste
management or operating a sewerage treatment plant, maintenance of sewerage pumps and water
pumps, meter reading and billing, Road sweeping garbage collection, disposal, maintenance of
drains etc. Whereas areas of minor work include maintaining small parks and gardens, forestation,
maintenance of street lights, cleaning of public toilets, spraying of insecticides in drains etc.
In case of Patna, PPP can be opted, where the Urban Local Body or State Government (because
ULB does not have much available land for development as most of the land is under the control of
State Government and Central Government) provides land and private partner can brings in
investment both for construction-development and operation-maintenance. The operation and
maintenance part gets recovered through the revenue stream and over a period of time on capital
investment. Land/ building which is assumed to be as applicable shall be provided by the ULB/ state
government as it shares towards the capital investment in PPP venture.
It is suggested that among the core municipal functions, collection, transportation and recycling of
solid waste, road sweeping garbage collection, operating a sewerage treatment plant, maintenance of
sewerage pumps and water pumps, meter reading and billing, maintenance of water supply lines,
disposal, maintenance of drains, maintenance of parks and gardens, forestation, maintenance of
street lights, cleaning of public toilets etc. could be contracted out to private sector or community
based organisations. While contracting, ULB can choose whether or not to contract the entire
service. Consultant feels that local contractors should be involved for letting out small contracts as it
will also benefits the local urban economy. This aspect needs to be examined in detail at the DPR
stage and an appropriate financial model to be developed.
Government share: it is proposed that part of water supply, sewerage, drainage, traffic and
transportation, can be funded by the government. Water supply, Sewerage and Drainage are health
and people sensitive. Therefore socio-economic factors are significant.
Willingness to pay
Affordability to pay
Political acceptability
This has a serious impact on public health and hygiene. As essential basic services, the
responsibility of which cannot be ignored by the ULB/Government therefore, it can be funded under
various government schemes or direct funding through budgetary allocation.
Consultant suggests that a combination of Government and PPP structure could be followed over in
a phased time frame. Table 7.7 presents the funding structure proposed for DNP.
Table 7.7 : Funding Agency
S. No. Sectors Funding Structure
1 Economic Growth of the City Government/PPP
2 Environment, Tourism, and Heritage conservation PPP by involving NGO‟s
3 Traffic and Transportation Government/PPP
4 Electricity Government
5 Other Social Infrastructure and Facilities Government/PPP
6 Street Light Government/PPP
7 Urban Governance and Institutional Setup Government
8 Housing/Basic Services for Urban Poors JV/PPP by involving NGO‟s
9 Education Government/PPP
10 Health Government/PPP
11 Fire Services Government
7.7 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

The following Table 7.8 presents the institutions involved in implementing the identified projects.
Table 7.8 : Institutional Framework
S. No. Sectors Implementing Agency
1 Economic Growth of the City DNP/Pvt. Agency
2 Environment, Tourism, and Heritage conservation DNP/Pvt. Agency
3 Traffic and Transportation DNP/PWD/Pvt. Agency
4 Electricity Electricity Department
5 Other Social Infrastructure and Facilities DNP/Pvt. Agency
6 Street Light DNP/ Pvt. Agency
7 Urban Governance and Institutional Setup DNP
Housing Board/DNP/Private
8 Housing/Basic Services for Urban Poor
Agency/PHED/PWD
9 Education Education Department
10 Health Health Department
11 Fire Services DNP
7.8 CONCLUSION
By undertaking prudent fiscal measures and reforms the DNP is able to enhance its surplus revenue
from the current level of deficit of Rs.1.11 crore in 2010-11 to Rs.2.40 crore in 2015-16. There will
be a total surplus of Rs.313.76 lakhs in next five year (2011-12 to 2015-16). This way DNP will be
able to meet only the requirement of O&M cost of the assets created under CDP. Therefore, a
special funding has to be arranged for the ULB share by the state government. Out of the Rs547.05
crore investments required for plan period and Rs. 341.61 crore would be required in the first five
year. During the initial five year O & M requirements are limited and the amount would be
sufficient to bear that cost.
*****
City Development Plan for Danapur : ANNEXURE
Annexure 3.1: Schemes for Urban Poor

There are some targeted programs and schemes for urban poor in India and some important
programs and schemes are discussed below:
Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor
The Basic Services for Urban Poor
Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program (IHSDP).
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)
Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
The Environmental Improvement of Urban Slum (EIUS),
National Slum Development Program (NSDP)
Details of all mentioned schemes given below:
1. Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MH&UPA), Government of India has
designed an Interest Subsidy Scheme as an additional instrument for addressing the housing needs
of the EWS/LIG segments in urban areas. The Scheme envisages the provision of interest subsidy to
EWS and LIG segments to enable them to buy or construct houses.
Broad Features of the Scheme
Purpose - The Scheme will provide home loan with Central Government subsidy to EWS/LIG
persons for acquisition of house as also for construction of house to such beneficiary, who does not
own a house in his/her name or in the name of his/her spouse or any dependent child. Such
beneficiaries who own land in any urban area but do not have any pucca house in their name or in
the name of their spouse or any dependent child will also be covered under the Scheme.
Eligibility - The economic parameter of EWS is defined as households having an average monthly
income upto Rs.3,300 and the economic parameter of LIG is defined as households having an
average monthly income between Rs.3,301 upto Rs.7,300. This will be subject to revision by the
Steering Committee of the Scheme from time to time.
Loan amount admissible - The scheme will provide a subsidized loan for 15 – 20 years for a
maximum amount of Rs.1,00,000 for an EWS individual for a house at least of 25 sq.mts.
Additional loans, if needed would be at unsubsidized rates. A maximum loan amount of Rs.1,60,000
for a LIG individual for a house atleast of 40 sq.mts will be admissible. However, subsidy will be
given for loan amount upto Rs. 1 lakh only. Additional loans, if needed would be at unsubsidized
rates.
The Nodal agencies for the scheme will be the National Housing Bank (NHB) and Housing &
Urban Development Corporation Ltd. (HUDCO).
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2. The Basic Services for Urban Poor

Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MH&UPA), Government of India designed the
Basic Services for Urban Poor (BSUP) as the Sub Mission-ll of JNNURM, styled as is addressed
exclusively to urban poor living in slum/squatter settlements in cities and towns. This component
focuses on improvement of living conditions of the urban poor by way of providing housing along
with infrastructure, with a view to gradually removing slums/squatter settlements from cities and
also providing security of tenure to the urban poor.
Coverage: The scheme is applicable to all cities and towns as per 2001 Census except cities/ towns
covered under Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
Objectives:
Focused attention to integrated development of Basic Services to the Urban Poor in the cities
covered under the Mission.
Provision of Basic Services to Urban Poor including security of tenure at affordable prices,
improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring delivery through convergence of other
already existing universal services of the Government for education, health and social security.
Care will be taken to see that the urban poor are provided housing near their place of
occupation.
Secure effective linkages between asset creation and asset management so that the Basic
Services to the Urban Poor created in the cities, are not only maintained efficiently but also
become self-sustaining over time.
Ensure adequate investment of funds to fulfill deficiencies in the Basic Services to the Urban
Poor.
Scale up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access
to urban poor.
Components: The components for assistance under the scheme will include
Integrated development of slums, i.e., housing and development of infrastructure projects in the
slums in the identified cities.
Projects involving development/improvement/maintenance of basic services to the urban poor.
Slum improvement and rehabilitation projects.
Projects on water supply/sewerage/drainage, community toilets/baths, etc.
Houses at affordable costs for slum dwellers/ urban poor/EWS/LIG categories.
Construction and improvements of drains/storm water drains.
Environmental improvement of slums and solid waste management.
Street lighting.
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Civic amenities, like, community halls, child care centers, etc.

Operation and maintenance of assets created under this component.
Convergence of health, education and social security schemes for the urban poor
Scope of Mission Program:
The main thrust of the sub-Mission on Basic Services to the Urban Poor will be on integrated
development of slums through projects for providing shelter, basic services and other related civic
amenities with a view to provide utilities to the urban poor
Financing Pattern:
Financing of projects under the Mission would be as under:-
Financing of projects
Grant
State/ULB/Parastatal
Category of cities Central
share, including
Share
Beneficiary contribution
Cities with 4 million plus population as per 2001census 50% 50%
Cities with million plus but less than 4 million
50% 50%
population as per 2001 census
Cities/towns in North Eastern States 90% 10%
Other Cities 80% 20%
Note: The percentage is on the total project cost.
Beneficiary Contribution
Housing should not be provided free to the beneficiaries by the State Government. A minimum of
12% beneficiary contribution should be stipulated, which in the case of SC/ST/BC/OBC/PH and
other weaker sections shall be 10%.
3. Integrated Housing & Slum Development Program (IHSDP)
Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MH&UPA), Government of India designed the
„Integrated Housing & Slum Development Program‟ that aims at combining the existing schemes of
VAMBAY and NSDP under the new IHSDP Scheme for having an integrated approach in
ameliorating the conditions of the urban slum dwellers who do not possess adequate shelter and
reside in dilapidated conditions.
Coverage: The scheme is applicable to all cities and towns as per 2001 Census except cities/ towns
covered under Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
Components: The components for assistance under the scheme will include all slum improvement/
upgradation/relocation projects including upgradation/new construction of houses and infrastructural
facilities, like, water supply and sewerage. Cost of land for such projects will not be provided under
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the program and has to be borne by the State Government. In case the project is to be undertaken on
private land, which is to be acquired by the State, cost of land may also be part of the project costing
only in the case of North Eastern States and the hilly States of Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal and
Jammu & Kashmir
Title of the Land: Title of the land should preferably be in the name of the wife and alternatively
jointly in the names of husband and wife. In exceptional cases, title in the name of male beneficiary
may be permitted.
Ceiling Cost: Ceiling Cost for Dwelling Unit will be @ Rs.80,000 per unit for cities other than
those covered under the Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(JNNURM). This
ceiling cost will, however, be reviewed after one year. For special category/hilly States and
difficult/far flung areas, 12.5% additionally will be permissible over and above the prescribed
ceiling cost per dwelling unit.
Selection of Beneficiaries: By SUDA/DUDA/ULBs/Government Nodal Agency authorized by the
State Government.
Minimum Floor Area of Dwelling Unit: Not less than 25 sq. mtrs. area and preferably two room
accommodation plus kitchen and toilet should be constructed.
Beneficiary Contribution: Housing should not be provided free to the beneficiaries by the State
Government. A minimum of 12% beneficiary contribution should be stipulated, which in the case of
SC/ST/BC/OBC/PH and other weaker sections shall be 10%.
Financing Pattern: The sharing of funds would be in the ratio of 80:20 between Central
Government & State Government/ULB/Parastatal. States/Implementing Agencies may raise their
contribution from their own resources or from beneficiary contribution/ financial institutions.
Admissible Components:
Provision of shelter including up-gradation & construction of new houses.
Provision of community toilets.
Provision of physical amenities like water supply, storm water drains, community bath,
widening and paving of existing lanes, sewers, community latrines, streetlights, etc.
Community Infrastructure like provision of community centres to be used for pre-school
education, non-formal education, adult education, recreational activities, etc.
Community Primary Health Care Centre Buildings can be provided.
Social Amenities like pre-school education, non-formal education, adult education, maternity,
child health and Primary health care including immunization, etc.
Provision of Model Demonstration Projects.
Sites and Services/houses at affordable costs for EWS & LIG categories.
Slum improvement and rehabilitation projects.
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Land acquisition cost will not be financed except for acquisition of private land for
schemes/projects in the North Eastern States & hilly States, viz., Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal
and Jammu & Kashmir.
4. Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
The Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) was launched on 01.12.1997 after subsuming
the earlier three schemes for urban poverty alleviation, namely Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY), Urban
Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP), and Prime Minister‟s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication
Program (PMIUPEP). The key objective of the Scheme was to provide gainful employment to the
urban unemployed or underemployed through the setting up of self-employment ventures or
provision of wage employment.
Salient Features
Objectives:
Addressing urban poverty alleviation through gainful employment to the urban unemployed or
underemployed poor by encouraging them to set up self-employment ventures (individual or
group), with support for their sustainability; or undertake wage employment;
Supporting skill development and training programs to enable the urban poor have access to
employment opportunities opened up by the market or undertake self-employment; and
Empowering the community to tackle the issues of urban poverty through suitable self-managed
community structures like Neighborhood Groups (NHGs), Neighborhood Committees (NHC),
Community Development Society (CDS), etc.
Coverage: The target population under SJSRY is the urban poor – those living below the poverty
line, as defined by the Planning Commission from time to time.
Components: SJSRY will have five major components, namely-
Urban Self Employment Program (USEP)
Urban Women Self-help Program (UWSP)
Skill Training for Employment Promotion amongst Urban Poor (STEP-UP)
Urban Wage Employment Program (UWEP)
Urban Community Development Network (UCDN)
Funding Pattern and Financial Procedures: Funding under SJSRY will be shared between the
Centre and the States in the ratio of 75:25. For Special Category States (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,
Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh
and Uttarakhand) this ratio will be 90:10 between the Centre and States.
Apart from abovementioned schemes for urban poor, there are other schemes for urban poor like
TPDS (Food grain, sugar & kerosene given at subsidized rate to BPL families) and other program of
state governments.
I. Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)
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In June 1997, the Government of India launched the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)
with focus on the poor. Under the TPDS, States are required to formulate and implement fool proof
arrangements for identification of the poor for delivery of food grains and for its distribution in a
transparent and accountable manner at the Fair Price Shop (FPS) level. Under this scheme food
grains are provided to at subsidized rate to BPL families and at market rate (decided by government)
to APL (Above Poverty Line) families
II. Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
AAY is a step in the direction of making TPDS aim at reducing hunger among the poorest
segments of the BPL population. A National Sample Survey Exercise points towards the fact that
about 5 % of the total population in the country sleeps without two square meals a day. This section
of the population can be called as “hungry”. In order to make TPDS more focused and targeted
towards this category of population, the “Antyodaya Anna Yojana” (AAY) was launched in
December, 2000 for one crore poorest of the poor families. Under this scheme food grains is
provided to the beneficiaries at a highly subsidized rate of Rs.2/ per kg. for wheat and Rs. 3/ per kg
for rice.
Under TPDS the scale of issue of food grains under APL, BPL and AAY has been revised to 35 kg
per family per month with effect from 01.04.2002 with a view to enhancing the food security at the
household level.
III. The Environmental Improvement of Urban Slum (EIUS)
The scheme of Environmental Improvement of Urban Slums (EIUS) was formulated as a response
to the growing problem of slums during the Fifth Five Year Plan. The scheme was made an integral
part of the Minimum Needs Program in 1974 (MNP) and was transferred to the State sector. The
scheme aims at ameliorating the living conditions of Urban slum dwellers and envisages provision
of drinking water, drainage, community baths, community latrines, widening and paving of existing
lanes, street-lighting and other community facilities.
The program, Environmental Improvement of Urban Slums through Community Empowerment,
aims at working for a comprehensive community empowerment (human resource empowerment,
economic empowerment, and environmental empowerment) by engaging communities directly in
program implementation. The program includes the following components:
1. Development of human resources;
2. Organization of poor families into collective business groups;
3. Improvement of improper and sub-standard dwellings;
4. Sanitation improvement
IV. National Slum Development Program (NSDP)
National Slum Development Program (NSDP) was introduced in the Eight Five Year Plan during
1996-97 with the specific objective of providing basic amenities to slum dwellers in the field of
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physical & social amenities, community infrastructure etc. NSDP is a centrally sponsored scheme
meant for the improvement of slums.
Components
Provision of physical amenities like water supply, storm water drains, community baths,
widening and paving of existing taxes, sewers, community latrines, street lights etc.
Community infrastructure: Provision of community centres to be used for preschool education,
non-formal education, adult education, recreational activities etc.
Community primary health care centre buildings can be provided (It is proposed that after
creation of infrastructure facilities the concerned Municipalities will seek the support of
Registered Medical Practitioners/Government Doctors in the State/NGOs) CBO/Philanthropic
Associations to man these centres.
Social amenities like preschool education, non-formal education, adult education, maternity,
child health and primary health care including etc.
The scheme will attempt to bring about convergence between schemes being implemented by
different line departments and may also provide missing links, if required.
Provision for shelter: The Scheme must have a component of shelter upgardation or construction
of houses (incl. EWS) as may be regd. This is a necessity if genuine slum improvement is to be
done. Not less than 10% of the allocation to States under this assistance shall be utilised for
construction and up gradation of houses for the urban poor.
States may work out state specific schemes for housing construction/up gradation under this
component subject to the provision that the scheme shall not be an entirely subsidy based
scheme but the funding shall contain a loan component as well, the state scheme shall be first
got sanctioned in a state level project committee which shall be set up for this purpose by the
state govt. concerned and which shall have one representative from the department of UEPA,
which is the nodal Department for this scheme in the GOI.
Yearly provision under this scheme shall be indicated by the Planning Commission at the beginning
of each financial year. Inter re allocation between states shall be made on the basis of the slum
populations of the states.
The scheme shall be implemented at the grass root level by the neighborhood committees and
community development societies.
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Annexure 3.2: Matrix for Rating the Cities

# Parameter Indicators Category Status Colour Code for Status
1. Status of Infrastructure and a. Coverage of Water Supply (in i. Less than 10% Alarming
Service Delivery Levels terms of household ii. 11 to 30% Below Average
connections) iii. 31 to 50% Average
iv. Above 50% Good
i. Less than 40 lpcd Alarming
b. Per Capita Availability of
Water ii. 41 to 50 lpcd Below Average
iii. 51 to 70 lpcd Average
iv. Above 70 lpcd Good
i. Less than 1 hr Alarming
ii. 1 to 2 hrs Below Average
iii. 2 to 4 hrs. Average
iv. Above 4 hrs Good
i. Below 40% Alarming
ii. 41 to 50% Below Average
iii. 51 to 60% Average
iv. Above 60% Good
e. Door to Door Collection of
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Solid Waste i. Less than 20% Alarming
iv. Above 60% Good
f. Collection Efficiency of Solid
Waste (by area) i. Less than 40% Alarming
iv. Above 70% Good
a. Operating Ratio
i. Less than 1 Alarming
ii. Equal to 1 Average
iii. Above 1 Good
i. Less than 1% Alarming
iv. Above 15% Good
3. Poverty Level
a. % of Below Poverty Line
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(BPL) Population v. Above 40% Alarming
vi. 21 to 40% Below Average
vii. 10 to 20% Average
viii. Less than 10% Good
a. Staffing pattern, availability of
sufficient staff, competency Alarming
level of existing staff for Below Average
Observation Based
implementing proposed Average
projects Good
5. Leadership
a. Leadership quality, awareness
and understanding regarding Alarming
urban sector, proactive Below Average
Observation Based
approach for implementing Average
reform measures Good
6. Economic Development
Potential a. Potential for Development,
linkages to the state capital and Alarming
other cities, status of existing Observation Based Below Average
infrastructure Average
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-x

Good
a. Status of Environment, quality
of water, air, Alarming
Below Average
Observation Based
Average
Good
8. Participation
a. Level of Participation from
Citizen/Citizen Alarming
Forums/Welfare Association in Below Average
Observation Based
municipal affairs Average
Good
a. Status of reform
implementation and Alarming
preparedness for Below Average
Observation Based
implementation Average
Good
Source: SPUR TAST
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xi
Annexure 4.1: Proceedings of Kick-off Workshop

A-1. Kick-off Workshop
The objective of the Kickoff Workshop was to familiarize the key stakeholders such as ward
councilor, officials from various other line departments, and representatives of community based
organisations and civil society organisations etc. with the purpose, process and expected outcomes of
the CDP and build enthusiasm, understanding and commitment to the CDP. The kick off workshop
was oriented towards deriving a consensus among the stakeholders on firming the process and
agreeing upon a structured program to take the CDP forward, presentation of the critical sector for
detail analysis and ratification of critical sector for further analysis.
As articulated in the ToR, the Kickoff workshop was organised on 11th April 2011 at Nagar Parishad
Office. Invitations were sent to elected representatives, line departments of the state government such
as PHED, PWD, also non-governmental organizations, experts from various fields, traders,
transporters etc . This section presents the proceeding of meeting conducted by the consulting team.
A-2. List of Participants
The Consultants interacted with were ward councilors, representatives of the line departments, and
other Citizens.
A-3. The Handouts
The handouts of presentation and the understanding of the CDP were distributed to the participants.
These handouts were given to stakeholders before starting the presentation so that, by then, they could
read and understand the suggested strategies and identified projects.
A-4. Proceedings of the Workshop
The meeting was conducted by a team comprising of Mr. Satish Kumar, Ms. Vandana Kaushik, Mr.
Prabhakar Kumar and Mr. Amogh Garg from ICT. Pvt. Ltd and Mr. Shekhar Suman, Cluster
Coordinator, SPUR TAST. Welcome note is given by the vice chairman and also by cluster
coordinator. Consultant briefed the participant about City Development Plan, the importance of the
consultations followed with the details of stages of preparing the City Development Plan.
The identified sectors requiring immediate attention were presented and discussed with participants.
Participants took active participation and also did value additiion by detailing out the issues related to
the identified sectors.
The ICT Official explained the broad stages of City Development Plan as mentioned below:
1. Process of preparing a City Development Plan
2. Assessment of the city and analysis of the existing situation
3. Development of a Vision for the city
4. Working on Strategies
5. City Investment Plan and Financing Strategies
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xii
A-5. Presentation of Issues Related to Critical Sectors

After field visit and study of secondary data, the consultant identified the following some critical
sectors. The following issues related to these critical sectors were presented to the participants:
Poor drainage system, water logging during rainy season
Inadequate water supply
Inadequate sanitation facilities
Open defecation is still in practice
Lack of public toilets/ maintenance of the existing ones
Inadequate & erratic electric supply
Poor road conditions & traffic jams
Inadequate educational institutions
Ill maintained playground, parks, recreational facility
Inadequate Street Lighting
Congestion in the inner city area
Lack of employment generation activities
After giving the orientation on the CDP and presenting the identified key issues, the participants were
asked to talk on the issue which they feel needs to be addressed in the City Development Plan. The
participants specified the critical issues of the Danapur town, which are listed below.
Mahendra Prasad Singh, EO
No drainage
Problem of water logging
No proper educational facilities
Corruption
Hap hazard growth of the town
Resham Devi, Chairman
No streetlight in some of the wards
No higher education facilities
Raj Kishor Yadav, Vice Chairman
There is a serious issue of water logging in Danapur town. There was a proposal of DPR
of drainage but till date nothing has happened.
There was also a proposal by HUDCO to construct houses, the proposal was also
sanctioned but till date nothing is in progress
Bihar government does not give funds for the betterment of the town
Surendra Prasad: Ward No 3
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xiii
Problem of Water Logging

Inadequate water supply in 1 to 6 ward
No streetlight in the ward
Narrow roads
Ravindra Sharma: Ward No. 30
Inadequate water supply
Kucha road
Sanjay Singh: Ward No. 39
No road available to new residential area from Bailey road (Ward No: 37,38,39 & 40)
No streetlight
No sewerage
Ward No. 40
No government schemes available like NEREGA & Indira Awas
No employment
Ward No. 29
No Sulabh Sauchalaya
Kucha road
Ward No. 28
No water supply connection
No pucci road
Ward 14
Ward No. 21
Water logging
Agricultural area converted into residential area without notice
Dilapidated houses
Ward 14
Ward No. 6
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xiv
No electricity
Ward No. 26
No Sulabh Sauchalaya
No electricity
A-6. Steering Committee
The steering committee included members of the standing committee and the key stakeholder and was
formed in consultation with them and on the bases of one to one interaction. The list of steering
committee members were discussed during the kick-off workshop and ratified by the participants. The
names/ designations of the steering committee member are given in Table A.1.
Table A.7.1 : List of Steering Group Members
S. No. Name/Designation
1 Mrs. Resham Devi, Chairman, Nagar Parishad
2 Mr. Raj KIshor Yadav, Vice Chairman, Nagar Parishad
3 Mr. Mahanand Rai, Member, Nagar Parishad
4 Mr. Rakesh Kumar, Member, Nagar Parishad
5 Mr. Chandra Dev Prasad, Member Nagar Parishad
6 Eminent Citizen
7 Eminent Citizen
8 NGO
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xv
Photographs: Kick-off Workshop
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xvi
Attendance Sheet: Kick-Off Workshop
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xvii
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xviii
A-7. OTHER CONSULTATION

The CDP would emerge out of the inputs provided by the local stakeholders. All the stakeholders
were met for possible dates and places of meeting and the concept of CDP and purpose of meeting
was indicated to them. On the appointed date and time the Consultants carried out the consultations,
including focus group discussions with shopkeepers, market association members, and other
stakeholders at a number of places. The participants shared their ideas, views to discuss the problems
and to come out with solutions. In most cases the discussions took a form of debate, later exchanged
their views. Consultations with local people were conducted in presence of male and female members
of different social communities. The problems or issues came out of consultation has been
incorporated in report at appropriate place.
Uma Shankar Prasad, Head Clerk, DNP
DPR is been prepared for water supply but till date there is no
progress
No cremation ground
No recreational space
Attma Prasad, Sanitary Inspector
Sweeping is done daily
All the waste is collected from the identified point between 6Am
to 2 PM.
Vikash Kumar, Mantu Singh (Shop Keeper)
Cattles moves freely on the main road and causes traffic problems and make city dirty.
Cattle nurturing place (Khatal) is in the main market and cattle are
generally tied along the roads of main market.
Drains are open and unmanaged, not cleaned and no spray of anti-
mosquito & chlorination is done.
Roads are not in a good condition except in containment regulated
areas.
Problem of employment, no much opportunity.
Absence of street light.
Rahul Chaudhary (Sweet shop), Nasriganj, ward no-27
No toilet facility in any house.
There is no water supply connection in any house. Some houses
has personal hand pump.
Population is mainly dominated by labour class (Plumber, raaj
mistry, etc.) and OBCs.
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xix
Less opportunity for employment. In a month 10-15 are non-working day so less income results to
un-availability of money for education of children.
Dilip Chaudhary (shop), Chai tola; ward no-28
No toilet facility in any house.
There is no water supply connection in any house. Some houses
has personal hand pump.
Population is mainly dominated by labour class (Plumber, raaj
mistery, etc.) and OBCs.
Less opportunity for employment. In a month 10-15 are non-working day so less income results to
un-availability of money for education of children.
Local Drainage system has been made by community on their own, government does not give
more attention towards these wards.
Lack of solid waste management.
Main road is good but internal road is not in good condition.
Fenku shah, Ravindra, Dasharath Prasad & Kailash Mahto (Rickshaw
pooler); Takiapur
There is no rickshaw stand and sheds for rickshaw pooler to take
rest during summer.
In cantonment area there is a provision for daily rent (tax) of Rs. 1
which is to be given to contractor authorized by containment administrator but those contractors
forcibly take Rs.2-4 from the rickshaw pooler.
There is provision of pension for handicapped under Indira Gandhi national disability pension
scheme but handicapped rickshaw pooler has not been given the pension.
Red card (card given to BPL) has not been given to very poor rickshaw pooler which leads to
anxiety and dis-satisfaction among them.
Internal road is in bad condition.
Dinanath Rai (Vegetable wholesaler)
Bring vegetables for nearer Ganga flood plain and sale it in the
mandi which is provided by containment administrator.
There is no shade in mandi to protect from rain, it is not allowed by containment to make personal
shades. So during rainy season there is more problem.
For wholesalers containment has made separate platform to sale the
vegetables and for that they charge Rs. 25 for each platform.
Wholesalers charges Rs2/basket as service tax from retailers.
Drains are blocked and not properly managed which results to
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xx
water logging.
No facility of toilet in mandi area.
Raghunath Prasad, Driver; Ward No. 30- Digha Road
No water supply connections
Unemployment
Street sweeping is done in 15-20 days
No public toilet
No community center
Prem Lata, Anganwadi Worker; ward 30
No toilet facility available
General medicines are not available
Sudhir Prasad Gupta, Laxmi Devi; Ward No. 31
Unemployment
Water logging problem
Not drinking water connection

Suresh Prasad, Rameshwar Mehto, Subash Singh, Bamboo Shop
No higher education facility
Water logging
No public toilets
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xxi
Annexure 4.2: Proceedings of 2nd Workshop
A.1 INTRODUCTION
After presenting the city profile and discussion on city profile with stakeholders, a brief presentation
was made to participants about the city vision. City profile presentation was also a part of a visioning
exercise as knowledge of existing status of city would help people to think about their dream city for
horizon year 2030.
A.2 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

The workshop started with the welcome note of Chairman, Danapur Nagar Parishad (DNP), and
introduction of ICT team and SPUR TAST cluster coordinator to all the participants Consultants
explained the importance of the second workshop and visioning exercise. The existing status of the
town was presented to participants.
The members of Steering Group and Citizen Forum participated in the Vision presentation. The
invitation letter was sent to the concerned people. Consultant also had one to one discussion with few
key stakeholders as they could not make it for the workshop.
A.3 THE HANDOUTS- VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT

The handouts of presentation were distributed to the participants. These handouts were given to
participants before starting the presentation so that, by then, they could read and understand the city
visioning excercise.
A.4 CITY VISION

A vision is a statement where city aspires to go, within a given timeframe. The vision is developed by
considering the physical characteristics of the study area, its strengths, potential, issues, future focus
areas and preferences of the residents of the city. The aim was to have most desirable public-private
and community participation and a spirit of ownership and sense of belonging with pride among its
citizens and to arrive at an overall „goal‟ to develop the town area as a ideal habitat. It is an exercise
required to be conducted in order to define the broad directions for future development of study area.
The visioning exercise involved consultation with various stakeholders, which gives the pulse of
people‟s thinking.
The main aim of this workshop was to present the city profile to the stakeholders groups and take
their views for developing a collective and shared vision for the city.
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xxii
A.5 Ground Truth and Parameters for Developing the City Vision
In the visioning exercise, the consulting team carried out detail study and review of „As Is‟ situation,
strengths & opportunities of the city and other relevant factors for consideration of sustainable
growth.
Handout of the same were also distributed to all participants. Then a presentation on city vision was
presented and some sample vision statement were presented to the stakeholders to give them idea of
visioning excercise. Development indicators were given to the stakeholders during the consultations
and discussions.
Protection of heritage
Controlled development in view of the
pilgrim significance of the town
Development of tourist-pilgrim facilities
CITY VISION Universal Access to a minimum level of
CONCERNS services
Establishment of framework for planning
and governance
Transparent budgeting, accounting &
financial management system at ULBs
Accessibility, Accountability, Bankability
& Environmental sustainability
Transparency and accountability in urban
services delivery and management
Introduction of E – governance in the
core functions of ULB
A.6 Driving Factors of Visioning Exercise

Considering the facts and parameters outlined above, the city vision has been developed applying two
key driving factors. These are:
Driving Factor 1: How do we want our city to be in the next 20 years?
Adequate Basic Urban Services at Affordable Rates
Preserving heritage, tradition, culture and ethos
Environment friendly, and socially integrated
Attending to aspirations of Urban Poor, children, youth, old and women
Sustainable city service system
Economic Development
Driving Factor 2: What are priority areas?
Water & Sanitation
Sewerage & Drainage
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xxiii
Solid Waste Management

Transportation
Power
Parks, Playgrounds, Leisure/Social Facilities
Housing for all
Environment and Heritage
Others
A.7 Vision for Danapur City
It was found in the process that inspite of all efforts of Consultants it was difficult for some of the
participants to give any single statement for vision rather they told their concerns as they felt and if
these concerns are met then their vision is fulfilled. Some of the vision statements are directly given
by participants after expressing their concern and some are compiled by Consultants by combining all
the issues/ concerns raised by participants. Therefore, all the concerns expressed by participants are
given below followed by a vision statement.
1. Mahendra Prasad Singh, Executive Officer, DNP
Planned development with proper transport network
River front development of Ganga river with environmental consideration
Sewer system in whole city
Integration of all department in developmental activities
Adequate electricity supply for functioning city life
Vision: “Planned city with integration of all departments having proper transport and sewer system
along with a well-developed Ganga river banks considering environmental sensitivity”
2. Resham Devi, Chairman
Minimum basic needs of poor should be fulfilled
Sewer system in city
Planned developed city
Vision: “Planned developed city with sewer system taking care of urban poor and enhancing support
for recreation”
3. Raj Kishore Yadav, Deputy Chairman
Traffic management with one way traffic at some narrow but busy roads
Development of Market area with separate vending zone replicating that of Bihar Sharif.
Meetings of all land owners should be held to decide on land availability for vending zone.
Vision: “A well-managed city with proper traffic management and identified hawkers/ vendor‟s zone
based on unanimous decision of all land owners”
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xxiv
4. Surendra Prasad Ward No. 3

Development of drinking water pipeline network along with Overhead tanks and filtration plant
Drainage system improvement in the city
Flyovers needed at some junctions
Strengthening of solid waste mechanism
Improvement in the city‟s physical environment
Vision: “A city with integrated development of physical infrastructural facilities with special
consideration to the city‟s environment”.
5. Sanjay Singh, Ward No. 39
Women empowerment
Improving education facilities and increasing their literacy rate with especial attention to female
literacy rate
Equal opportunities for all
Vision: “A city that provide equal opportunities to grow to everyone with 100% literacy rate”
6. Ward No. 6
Solid waste management mechanism has to be strengthened
Coordination amongst the line departments and transparency is essential to successfully
implement the schemes on drainage, drinking water pipeline, laying down electricity cables etc.
Vision: “A clean city with reformed institutional set up for quick and successful implementation of
schemes and overall development of the city”.
7. Ravindra Sharma, Ward No. 30
Flyovers inside the city to avoid congestion and air pollution
Enforcement of rule of law to ensure that people take permission from DNP and follow guideline
for constructing building
Restriction on illegal construction
Vision: “City of agro based industrial hub developed with a decentralized planning approach and
governed by rule of law”
8. Ward No. 28
Water sport to be used as recreation
Beautification of Ganga river bank. Developing picnic spots and parks
Vision: “Recreational city”
9. Ward No. 29
Encroachment removal of public space especially along roads
Enforcement of rule of law specially for the collection of municipal taxes for new construction
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xxv
Development of landfill site for solid waste management

Vision: “Encroachment free, neat and clean city where rule of law prevails”
10. Ward No. 14
Enforcement of guideline for building construction
Planned and controlled development to stop haphazard development
Sewer system in town
Improvement of municipal tax collection
Increasing the internal resources of DNP to increase the municipal revenue
Vision: “planned city with a proper sewer system having financial sustainability where rule of law
prevails”
11. Ward No 26
Underground cables for electricity are better in terms of safety, damages too cables and urban
design
Drains should be covered.
Vision: “A city with adequate infrastructure for meeting demands of electricity, drinking water and
drainage with an integrated approach”.
12. Ward No. 21
Drainage should be underground or covered
Drinking water supply system to be made functional
Solid waste management mechanism to be strengthened
Vision: “An Infrastructurally sound city”.
13. Ward No 12
Integrated Planning should be done for all wards unanimously by the officials of DNP. Proper
coordination between departments while implementing the projects is essential
Disintegrated ward wise planning has led to deterioration of infrastructure.
Vision: “Institutionally reformed city”.
14. Ward No 15
The city plan should take account of the spatial expansion of the city and future growth of
population
Vision: “A city developed keeping in view the future requirements”.
Consolidated issues
All the issues discussed have been consolidated below out of which the visions have been evolved.
1. Roads
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Levels of roads have eventually become higher than the immediate surrounding putting the entries
to buildings at a lower level. This has happened because any time reconstruction of road is done,
the old layer is not scrapped out but a new layer is put over the older one.
Railings along the shops in market area to avoid encroachment on the road.
2. Public Health
Updated medical facility and hospitals needed
3. Drainage
Drains are blocked and not properly managed which results to water logging.
Drains are open and unmanaged, not cleaned and no spray of anti-mosquito & chlorination is
done.
4. Electricity
Underground cables are better in terms of safety, damages too cables and urban design
5. Water Supply
DPR is been prepared for water supply but till date there is no progress
The pipeline network was laid down in the whole city long back and is suffering from leakages
and needs extensive repairing
6. Solid waste management
Land is required for land fill site
7. Urban Design
Parks are needed along with beautification of the same
8. Building height
Height should be at least G+5 instead of G+3 as mentioned in the Building Byelaws, Patna.
9. River Front Development
River front development of Ganga River is required.
The road will also help in restricting encroachments
Parks should be developed along the river.
10. Commercial sector development
Vendors sitting on the New market road could be shifted in a separate vending zone
But should not be isolated so as to affect their sale
There could be a replication of Bihar Sharif‟s vending zone
Meetings of all land owners should be held to decide on land availability for vending zone
The above-mentioned vision statements have been combined and a comprehensive vision statement
has been evolved by the Consultants. All vision statements emerged during discussion are listed
below followed by a final combined vision:
The vision statement emerged during discussion have been given below:
CDP Prepared By: Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Page A-xxvii
“Planned city with integration of all departments having proper transport and sewer system along
with a well-developed Ganga River banks considering environmental sensitivity”
“Developed as a satellite town with proper town planning.”
“Planned developed city with sewer system taking care of urban poor and enhancing support for
recreation”
“A well-managed city with proper traffic management and identified hawkers/ vendor‟s zone
based on unanimous decision of all land owners”
“A city with integrated development of physical infrastructural facilities with special
consideration to the city‟s environment”.
“A city that provide equal opportunities to grow to everyone with 100% literacy rate”
“Encroachment free, neat and clean city where rule of law prevails”
“Planned city with a proper sewer system having financial sustainability where rule of law
prevails”
“A city with adequate infrastructure for meeting demands of electricity, drinking water and
drainage with an integrated approach”
“A city free of encroachment and administrative duties performed pertaining to the rule of law
and good governance”
“A city with sound infrastructure”
“ Institutionally reformed city”
“A city developed keeping in view the future requirements”
The above-mentioned vision statements have been combined and a comprehensive vision statement
has been evolved by the Consultants and the same is given below:
City Vision 2030

“Danapur should be developed as an industrial and recreational town which can provide employment
opportunities, infrastructure facilities, good living standard, hygienic living environment, good
governance to all its citizens with public participation and city is financially self-sustainable.”
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Attendance Sheets: 2nd Workshop
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Workshop Photographs
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Annexure 4.3: Attendance Sheet: 3rd Workshop
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Annexure: 4.4: Handouts- 3rd Workshop
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Final CDP Danapur

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TEBLE OF CONTENTS

1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1-1

2 CITY PROFILE ........................................................................................................................................2-1

2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.5 POPULATION PROJECTION ................................................................................................................. 2-5

3 SECTOR ANALYSIS AND GAP ASSESSMENT ...........................................................................................3-1

3.1 PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE .......................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.3.3 Gap Analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 3-10

3.3 URBAN POOR AND SLUMS................................................................................................................ 3-25

3.8.6 Issues............................................................................................................................................ 3.48

4 STAKEHOLDERS’ CONSULTATIONS ........................................................................................................4-1

4.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 4-1

5 PRIORITY PROJECTS AND STRATEGIES ..................................................................................................5-1

5.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 5-1

6 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN .................................................................................................................6-1

6.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 6-1

7 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ...............................................................................................................7-1

7.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 7-1

7.3 FOP SCENARIOS .................................................................................................................................. 7-2

TABLE 3.27: OTHER POVERTY POCKET (SLUM)............................................................................................................. 3-28

PCC Road Portland Cement Concrete Road

Location of Patna District

The competitive advantage of

Sector Assessments & Growth Strategies

B) Sewerage and Sanitation

Sewerage Projects Total (in 2011-2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030

C) Drainage Strategies: The key strategies in the CDP are:

D) Solid Waste Management

E) Roads, Traffic, and Transportation

Street Lighting Projects Total (in

Primary School (Class I to V) 6.50 3.25 1.95 1.30

H) Slums and Urban Poor

Environment Projects Total (in 2011-2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030

K) Governance and Institutional Set Up

Financial Position of the Local Body

Capital Investment Plan (CIP)

Sectors Total 2011-2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2030

Financial Operating Plan (FOP)

The key observations of the FOP are:

# Parameter Indicators Rating

1.2 OBJECTIVES FOR PREPARATION OF CDPs

1.3 CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN- A PROCESS

1.5 SCOPE OF WORK

1.6 PROJECT OUTPUTS AND DELIVERABLES

1.7 COMMENCEMENT OF THE STUDY AND TEAM MOBILIZATION

1.7.1 Meeting and Consultations

1.9 TECHNICAL APPROACH

Stage IV: Development Strategies and Priority Actions

CDP Workshop (3rd Workshop)

Figure 1-1: CDP Planning Process

Final City Development Plan

Draft CDP & Report of

Draft City Development Plan

Interim Report & Report of

2nd Workshop on City

Vision, Sector Goals and Strategies

Inception Report & Report

Kick Off Workshop STAGE II

1.10 STRUCTURE OF THE DRAFT REPORT

2.2 HISTORY AND GROWTH

2.2.2 History of Danapur Nagar Parishad

Danapur Ward Map

2.2.4 Location and Linkages