COMPRESSORS IN CHILLED WATER PLANT

SUBMITTED BY –
KARTIKEYA SRIVASTAVA 022

1) Reciprocating Compressor
A reciprocating compressor or piston compressor is a positive-
displacement compressor that uses pistons driven by a crankshaft to deliver
gases at high pressure.
The intake gas enters the suction manifold, then flows into the compression
cylinder where it gets compressed by a piston driven in a reciprocating motion
via a crankshaft, and is then discharged. Applications include oil refineries, gas
pipelines, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants and refrigeration
plants. One specialty application is the blowing of plastic bottles made of
polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
In the ionic liquid piston compressor many seals and bearings were removed in
the design as the ionic liquid does not mix with the gas. Service life is about 10
times longer than a regular diaphragm compressor with reduced maintenance
during use, energy costs are reduced by as much as 20%. The heat exchangers
that are used in a normal piston compressor are removed as the heat is
removed in the cylinder itself where it is generated. Almost 100% of the energy
going into the process is being used with little energy wasted as reject heat.
2) Rotary-Screw Compressor
A rotary-screw compressor is a type of gas compressor that uses a rotary-type
positive-displacement mechanism. They are commonly used to replace piston
compressors where large volumes of high-pressure air are needed, either for
large industrial applications or to operate high-power air tools such as
jackhammers.
The gas compression process of a rotary screw is a continuous sweeping
motion, so there is very little pulsation or surging of flow, as occurs with piston
compressors.

3) Centrifugal Compressors
Centrifugal compressors, sometimes termed radial compressors, are a sub-
class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery. The idealized
compressive dynamic turbo-machine achieves a pressure rise by adding kinetic
energy/velocity to a continuous flow of fluid through the rotor or impeller. This
kinetic energy is then converted to an increase in potential energy/static
pressure by slowing the flow through a diffuser. The pressure rise in impeller is
in most cases almost equal to the rise in the diffuser section.
In the case of where flow simply passes through a straight pipe to enter a
centrifugal compressor; the flow is straight, uniform and has no vorticity.
As the flow continues to pass into and through the centrifugal impeller, the
impeller forces the flow to spin faster and faster. According to a form of Euler's
fluid dynamics equation, known as pump and turbine equation, the energy
input to the fluid is proportional to the flow's local spinning velocity multiplied
by the local impeller tangential velocity.
In many cases the flow leaving centrifugal impeller is near the speed of sound.
The flow then typically flows through a stationary compressor causing it to
decelerate. These stationary compressors are actually static guide vanes where
energy transformation takes place. As described in Bernoulli's principle, this
reduction in velocity causes the pressure to rise leading to a compressed fluid.