You are on page 1of 36
CONG THU CO’ BAN VA PHU'ONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 DAO BONG DIEU HOA - CON LAC LO XO L. Dao dong diéu hia: Dao dong diéu hoa la dao déng ma trang théi dao dOng dug mé td bing dinh luat dang sin( hoac cosin) di véi thdi gian 1. Phuidng trinh dao dng (phuidng trinh i 49) [x= Acos(ar + 9)} trong d6 : GOESECEESERNG > ® A, c.g 1a nhiing hang s6. ° A [m] i bién do 3 N @ [rad/s] la tan s6 g6c Fat p g [rad] Ia pha ban dau 4 ef +@ [rad] pha dao dong i Gid tri dai sé ctia li d6:|X en = Al |Xey =—A Pp DG ld: |slnoe=A (vi tri bién) — Ixlmin=0 (vj tri cin bling) 2. Van te ‘a@Asin( eat + @)](m) Gi tri dai SB ca van the: oA Dé lin van toe: Mea = @A Mew (vj ti can bang ) VICB theo chiéu duang ; 3. Gia tée: Ja = —@' A cos( wt + g) = ax Gid tri dai 86 cua gia toe: vey = 0A VICB theo chiéu am Vin = 0 1 Vat di theo chiéu dong v>0, theo chiéu am v<0. Poe dg 1A gid trj tuyét déi cia van tie (avs?) * lac =0°A| vinibienam —* D6 lin gia toe: * lal, =o A] vitribien ; * [ain = 0 Cha §: @ luén huéng vé vj tri can bang a 4. Cong thife dc lap: o 5, Tan sé géc — chu ky — tan sé: Ir = Baan | h o VE ae vi tri bién dung, vj tri cin bing ( Ghai bién ) AL t . Fa wL o 1 fk aS I~; hodc 2n_2aVm f 6. MGi lign he gitfa li do, van t6c, gia te: x= Acos(ot +9); ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 v=-oA sin(ot + 9) = @Asin(t + 9+) = 04 costar tpt — oA costar+o+ 4) a= -@' Acos( at + 9) = 0 Acos( wt ++) ** Van t6c nhanh pha hon li a6 Bet z 2 ** Gia téc nhanh pha hon li d6 gée 7 7. Nang hiidng dao déng. ** Gia tée nhanh pha hon vn tée gée * Dong nang: * Thé nang : k= me® * Conang: Wemax = Const] luu § Con lac dao dong véi chu ky T, tin sO f,tans6 géc @ thi thé nang, déng nang dao déng véi chu Ky 7/2, tan sé 2f, tan sé gée 2@. Con co nang ludn khong déi theo thai gian. * Déng nang va thé nang trung binh trong thdi gian nT/2 (neN’, T la chu ky dao déng) lA: wil 24 Te A La lye + Toa dd: (n+ 1)..kx? = SkAP <> x= mens 2 ma AP ri c6 Wa= nW, ta cd: inet + van tbe: 2#! Liv? = maka? <-> v= oA [2 a2 2 nel * Tai vj tri cé W, = nWg ta co: roa dg: Bt! 1g? 1 parce eee a Pe Sve n 2 2 nel “ Fa, an od 1d 242, oA & N. + van tée: (n+ Am? = Lmotat<> v= + 7 2 2 vnel Bs ” 8. Lye phyc héi: La lyc dua vat vé vi tri cin bang(lyc diéu hoa), a Tuén hudng vé vj tri can bing ? = Ax]; Belén |F = [x] Tai VICB: [Fx =0] ; Taivitridien: [Fg = kA 1 9, Lye dan bdi: la lye dua vat vé vi tri chiéu dai ty nhién I Tai vj tri e6 ti dg x: Fn, = IAL | voi{Al=[—4] a) ° * Con lic e619 xomimngang: Al=0 ods |Fa = Fru v Pp * Con ldc cé 18 xo thang ding: [mg = kA ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, CONG THUG CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 + Chiéu duong thing ding huéng xudng: Fy, = RAL + Chiéu dusng thing ding hung len : Fa, = KAL- | *Con 1m trén mat pl + [mg sina = kAl g nghiéng mét géc @ so véi mat phang ngang: + Chidu duong huéng xudng: [Fy = KAU + >| + Chigudusng huéng én: |Fq, = [AT — 3] Liye dan héi eye dai: Fan_max = (AL + A) Lye dan hii exe tigu: Néu Az Al : [Fe ain=O GG vi tri ld xo c6 chiéu dai ty nhién: Fay NéuA< AL: [Fe mn = (AL A) 10. Chiéu dai ty nhié in 1p, chiéu dai cyfe dai Imax, chiéu dai cue ti€u Inia 6 vit ld xo 6 chidu dai ty nhién: Fe, = 0 M * (tai vi tri can bang 1d xo bi dan) K * (tai vi tri cn bing 1d xo bi nén) * véi MN = chiéu dai quy dao =2A Kw «8 Sy, 11. Con lic 1d xo gém nd xo: Mic néitiép: * dé citng * chu ky Mac song song: * 46 citng * chu ky Con léc 1d xo khi treo vat c6 kh6i lugng m, thi chu ky 18 T,, khi treo vat me thi chu ky Ia Ta. ** Khi treo vat c6 kh6i lugng fm =m, +m,]thi chu ky a: [7? = 77 +75] | 12. Néu céc Bb xo c6 ad cting ki, k.ky, ¢6 chiéu dai ty nhién hy, ly ..4 6 ban chit gidng nhau hay dude ct tty cing mOt Ib xo Koy Io thi: ** khi treo vat e6 khdi lugng [m =[m, — m, [] thi chu ky 1 Lky =I), 13. Khoang thdi gian ngdin nit dé vat di tir vj tri cd toa dO x1 dén x ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 va (0S 9.0: 51) 14, Van t6c trung binh khi vit di tit vj tri xi @én “ Pe Ar aah * 15. T6e a6 trung binh: {77 = s ™ " me ue ** Cha §: Trong mot chu ky van t6c trung binh bing 0 va t6e 46 trung|7 = “4 T 16. Tinh quang duéng lén nhat va nhé nhat vat di duge trong khoang thi gian 0 T/2 trong d6 ne 0< Arc Trong thé gian of quing dig ludn la n.2A. Do d6, quing duiing di duge trong thi gian t > T/2 1a: Syn =nx2A+2Asin 2] va [Sop =nx2A42A(1—cosP) + Téc 46 trung binh lon _nhat va voi Ap= at nho nhat cia vit trong khoang thoi gian At: voi Stax; Sofi tinh nhu trén, ‘ oO. CON LAC DON 1, Phuong trinh dao dong diéu hoa: khi bién 46 g6c «, <10° f= S,eo(are)](m) — vdi: a= a, costar +9) sla; Sy=lay (rad) hoe (46) Vai s li dd cong ; S, : bien dd ; «Hi dd gée ; a: bien dO g6e 2. Tan sé géc — chu ky - tn si Khi bien 49 géc @, <10° Bl 1 fl fo. @ eaanf] [/- ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, CONG THUG CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 Na sé'ldn dao déng trong thai gian t 3. Con lie vat ly: 3 Chu ky 4, phuiong trinh vn te khi bién d6 géc a, <10": =a, sin( at + 9) |{mis) lv Gid tr di 5B cia van Vp = @S,| VTCB theo chiéu dung ; ver =—@Sy] VICB theo chiéu am D6 lén vin te: Mage = @So|vi ti cd bing ; [Vain = 0) & hai bien 5. Phutdng trinh gia te (gia te tiép tuy€n) khi bien 46 g6e a, <10°: a = -@°S, cos( ot +g) = —a’s| (mn/s’) Gid tr] dai sé cha gia toc : tcp =O" Dé lin gia toc: lel... = @7 So] vi tr bién ; lain = 0) vi tri can bing of vi tet bien am ; lag, =-0 vi tri bién duong @ lu6n hwéng vé vi tri cn bang (gia t6c tiép tuy€n), @, la gia toc hwéng tim. Gia téc toan phan 6. phufong trinh de lp véi thiti gian: Ta i Is, = ys? +5] = Jo? Sayre] i foyer 7. Van tée: Khi la=-0S =-ar la in 6 Boe uy bat Ky. * Khi qua lid géc a bit kj 2gb(cosa — cosa.) cosa) * Khi qua vj tri can bling: = 0 = cosa =1=9 [vey = 2940 — cosa )f —J2gf(1— cosa) * Khid hai bien: [a = +a, > cosa = cosa, > v=0 Chi §: Néu a 10°, thi e6 thé dmg: 1 - cosa,=2sin? 24= Se 2 2 = [Yan = evel = a, 8. Stic cing diiy: Khi bién d6 g6c abit ky * Khi quali dd gée abatky: [T= mel 081 —2c080%)| * Khi qua vjtricdm bing: a =0 = cosa =1=9 Ty = Taq, = mg(3—2c0842,) ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 * Khi qua vj tri bien: G1 = Lat, = COSC = C0804, = Trey = Trig = MECO8 Ly Chis $2 NEw a, <10° thi c6 thé ding: 1 - cos a= 2sin? Se = Sa. mg(l + ai )f Tin = mg \ me's} *** Lie phuc héi cia con le don :|F,, = -mgsin@ =-mga = mgt 9. Nang lung dao dong: Dong ning: |W, Zing =mgl(cosa — cosa) ‘ThE ning: — |W, = mgh, = mgl(1- cosa) = Voi h, = M1 —cosa) Conang: |W HN, 1, = mal — 6080) = Win = Von Chi §: Néu a, <10"thi o6 thé dng:1—cose, = 2sin? 20 = 22 2 * Tai eling mot noi con lée don chidu dai | e6 chu ky 71, con Mie don chidu daily e6 chu kT; ** Con Ide don chidu dai 1)+ Iz 66 chu ky [77 = 74 ** Con lic don chiéu dai 1; -1; 06 chu ky 10. Con lie don c6 chu ky ding T & 49 cao hy, nhigt dO ty. Khi dura t6i d9 cao hz, nhiét 49 t; thi ta 6: JAP _ Ah, Aas] TR 2 Voi R= 6400km 1a bin kinh Trdi Dat, con > 1a hé s6 né dai eita thanh con lic, 11, Con lic don 6 chu ky ding T 6 49 sau hy, mhigt 49 ty. Khi dura téi d6 siu hs, nhigt 49 t thi ta eb: 12. Con lac don cé chu ky ding T tai noi c6 gia toc gy. Khi da dén noi cé gia toc g2, thi ta c6: AT _—Ag & véi Ag = g, ~ g,. Dé con lic chay diing gids thi chigu dai day thea: Luu ¥: * Néu AT > 0 thi ding hé chay cham (déng hé dém gidy sit dung con lic don) * Néu AT <0 thi déng hé chay nhanh * Néu AT = 0 thi dng hé chay ding. [a7] Tr * Théi gian chay sai mdi gidy 1a: |@ * [a7] * Tho gian chay sai mdi ngay (24h = 8640s): o = AAeoioay 12. Khi con lic don chju thém tic dyng cia lye phy khéng adi Lire phw khdng d&i thueng la * Lye quan tinh: F=-ma,d6lénF=ma (Fa) Luu ¥: + Chuyén dng nhanh din déu a TT v (0 cé hung chuyén dng) ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 + Chuyén déng chim dan déu a “1 * Lye dign trudn; 46 Ion F = |q|E (Néu Khi do: P'=P + =q 0=> FIVE; connéuq<0> FNE) qi la trong lye higu dung hay trong lye biéu kién (cé vai trd nhu trong Ive P) — F < . g'= 8 + go) i gia te trong truemg higu dung hay gia tbe trong ruimg biéu kién fF F +T9i VICB diy tro Igch véi phuong thing dimg mst gée e6: tan = a P refer; : o-feD Paeed a * F c6 phuong thing dimg thi g'=g+/ Chu ky dao dng cia con lc don khi 46: |7" Cae trutng hop dic bigt * F cé phuong ngang: a . P +Néu F hudng xuéng thi g'= g+— +Néu F hudng lén thi gag m 13, Do chu ky bing phwong phap trimg phing PoP Dé xéc dinh chu ky T cia mét con léc 16 xo (con lic don) ngudsi ta so sinh véi chu ky To (da bit) cita mot con lic khae . Hai con lic goi ld tring phiing Khi ching di qua VICB cing mt hic theo cing mét chiéu Th The ta hi her gian gitta hai r7 n tring phiing lién tiép : @- NéuT >To = 0 =aT = (nt1)To. voin € Z NéuT < Ty > 6 = Tp = (n+1)T. CAC LOAI DAO DONG 1, Dao dong ty do: Dao déng ty do 1a dao déng cé chu ky hay tan sé chi phu thudc vao dic tinh cia ‘h€ dao dOng, kh6ng phu thugc vao cc y€u t6 bén ngoai. VD: + Con lac 1 xo dao dng trong diéu kign gidi han dan héi, + Con lde don dao déng véi bién dé gée nhd,bé qua site cin méi uvOng va tai mGt dia diém xe dinh 2. Dao dong tit dn: Dao dng tft din la dao dng 06 bin d6 gidm din theo thi gian, Nguyén nhan: Nguyén nhan dao déng tét din 1 do luc ma sét hay lye can cla méi truting. Cf Iu nay luén ngugc chiéu véi chiéu chuyén déng, nén sinh céng am vi vay lam gidm co nang cila vat dao déng. Cac lye nay cang Ién t sur tit din cang nhanh, * Mét con lic 18 xo dao déng tat din véi bién d6 A, hg s6 ma sit w. + Quing dung vat di duge dén lie dimg lai —ymgs > W—W,= pings © 0—L kt ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 ‘ x k@? NEw 1d xo nim nghiéng géc @ thi: |S =_—~—_| 2ymg cosa 1 I | k(A—AA)? ~ kA? = —pmg4 A| SMA ~ Ad)? - Ska? =~ 4g + Dé gidm bién dé trong mét chu ky: A PA + $6 lin dao déng trudc khi ditng: 4_M _o Ad 4umg—_4ug . | DxkA_ mad + Thdi gian dao dong cho dén hic dimmg: |Ar= Tx N = =zat) dug Dea * BE m ludn nim yén tren M thi bién d6 eye dai lh k MM ae Lecce oF k * pd m khong trugt trén M thi bien 46 dao déng a: inh 1 As pS =p COE) 1 ng s6 ma sit gitta mv o k 3. Dao dong cu@ng bite: Dao dong cudng bite 1A dao dng cia hé dudi tic dung cha mot ngoai luc [F = F, cost] gém hai giai doan dao dong ciia hé chufa én dinh, gid tri cuc dai cia li dé (bién 46) cit bign thién diéu hda, c6 dang: loan chuyén tie] tang din, cute dai sau In hon cute dai truée * Giai doan én dinh: khi dé gid tri cuc dai khéng thay déi(bién d6 khdng déi) va vat dao dong vi tan sO cia lye ewdng bite f Luu §:Dao dng cia vat trong giai doan én dinh goi Bién 6 phy thude vio quan hé gia tin sO ngoai luc f vai tin s6 riéng cia hé fo. ** Sy cong hudng co Bién d6 A ciia dao dong cuBng bifc dat gid tri cye dai khi tn s6 cba lye cudng butc bling tn so riéng cla hé dao d6ng. ( Diéu chinh tén s6 cia lute cuSng bifc, ta thy khi) fig e A= Ava Néu hye ma st nhé thi céng hudng ré nét hon(céng hudng nhon) Néu lyc ma sét Ién thi cOng hudng it r5 nét hon(cOng huéng ti) TONG HOP DAO DONG 1. Téng hgp 2 dao dong diéu hoa cing phuong, cing tin so Gia sit mot vat thyc hién déng thdi 2 DDDH cing phuong, cing tén so: x, = A,cos(or+9,) Va x = A, costar +9.) Dao dong hyp la: _x= x, +x, = Acos(at +9) Véi|a’ = 4} + A} +24,A, cos(@, -@,)]; lao dong cwdng bite, 4 ang = ASO es 4.6059, + A, 6059, hai dao dng thinh phan Ap=2ke thi A=Ana= A +4, *N Cang pha: Nguge pha: Ag=(2k+1)r thh [A=Anin = Vudng pha: Ag =(2k+ ve thi Léch pha nhau bit ky: ||4- 4,|< A< 4,+ 4, ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 © Chit fz NEw G8 cho x, = 4, cos(ot + 9) va cho phwdng trinh tng hop x=, +x, = Acos(or+9). Tim x, = 4, cos(at + 9,) -24,Acos(p -9,)]; _ Asing—4, sing, ‘Thi: \4," = A? + ‘Acos@—A, 6086, lan p 2. Téng hgp n dao d6ng diéu hoa cing phusng, cing tén si X= A,cO(O+9,), ¥, = A, COSA Y,) wn, = 4, CO8(Ct +.) Dao dng hgp I ‘Thanh phn trén truc nim ngang ox: 4, = 4, cosg, +4, cos, +...+4, cos, ‘Thanh phan trén trye thing ding oy: 4, +x, = Acos(ot +9) A sing, +4,sing, +...+ 4, sing, : tgg= SONG CO HOC 1. Dinh nghia: Séng co hoc Ja cdc dao déng co hoc lan truyén theo thii gian trong mét méi trudng vat chat. C6 hai loai song: * — Séng doc 1a s6ng c6 phutong dao déng tring vi phuong truyén séng © Séng ngang la sng cé phutong dao déng vudng géc véi phuong truyén séng. * Luu¥: séng ngang chi truyén duc trong méi trung ran va trén mat chat long IL Céc dai lvong dc trung cia séng 1. Van tée séng (t&e 46 truyén séng ) v = van t6c truyén pha dao déng, van tc phu thuéc vao nhiét 46, tinh dan héi cla méi trudng,mat d6 phan tit. Trong mét méi trudng xéc dinh v = const. * MAi sgi day duge kéo bing mét lye cing day T dg dai la / thi te d6 truyén song trénday la: — |v E u Chi §: Tée dé truyén sng khdc 6c 46 dao dong ca phan tit vat chit c6 séng truyén qua }. Chu ky va tan s6’ sng. Chu ky séng = chu ky dao dng ota ede phan tit c6 séng truyén qua = chu ky cila nguén séng ‘Tan sO s6ng = tin s6 dao dgng cha cée phan tit c6 séng truyén qua = tn s@ cia nguén séng: f= 3. Bude song: gin nhau nhdt trén cing mot phufong truyén séng giao déng cing pha. a= vr =| 4. Bién dO séng A A ssng = A dao dong= ién do dao dong cua cac phin tif cé séng truyén qua ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, CONG THUC CO’ BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT Li 12 5. Ning higng s6ng W: Qué tinh truyén s6ng 1a qué tring truyén nang lugng Wane mo? A Was tone 5! "2 a, NGu s6ng truyén trén mt dung thing ( mOt phufong truyén s6ng) nang lwgng cia séng kh6ng déi, bién d6_khéng déi W = cons A=const b, Néu song truyén trén mat phang(s6ng phang) nang ligng sng gidm tilé quing dvong 1 truyén séng va bién do gidm ti 1¢ véi clin be hai quang dung tuyén séng Wy ~—=> A~ Vin ¢, Néu s6ng truy€n trong khong gian (séng truyén theo m§t cu) ning higng, Sng gidm 16 binh phuting quang duding truyén sng va bién d6 gidm tf Ié vdi quang dudng truyén sng aa~4 Ny IL. Phufeng trinh sng Phuong trinh s6ng tai mot diém trong moi trudng truyén séng 18 phuong tinh dao dong cia diém a6, 1, phufdng trinh truyén séng a. Gid sit phuong trinh s6ng tai O: w= Acoso ‘Thi phuong trinh séng tai mot diém M céch O mét khodng dla: —Q——— * Néu sng truyén ty O dén Mthh ty = Acoso(t—2) = Acos(ar—o%) e04{ or — ret vei 124 v v a y * Néu song truyén tir M dén O thi ooo + an} =. uy, = Acosa(t = Acos(or +04) = Tai mot iém M xéc dinh trong m6i trudng: d = const : wy 14 mot ham bién thién diéu hoa theo thdi gian t v6i chu ky T. Tai m6t thdi diém xéc dinh: t= const: d =x: uy la m6t ham bién thién diéu hoa trong khong gian theo bign x vai chu ky 2 b. Gia sit phuong trinh s6ng tai O: u = Acos(at +9) Thi phwong tinh séng tai m6t diém M céch O mot khodng dla: * Néus6ng truyén tif O dén M thi lu, = Acosto(t—4) + 9] = Acos{(or - ody) cos at 2m! v * N&u sng truyén tix M dén O thi y o|- Aco (on 0% 4. o}=asolors ant vo A) = Aco ot IV. D6 Igch pha: ‘D6 léch pha dao d6ng giifa hai diém M,N bat ky trong méi trvdng truyén séng cdch nguén O Hin. WWE 1A dy Vad: A Pray = * Néu M va N dao dong cing pha th: ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, 10 CONG THUC CO’ BAN VA PHU'ONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT Li 12 a (kez) * N&u M va N dao d9ng ngude pha thi: Noy =2k D2 2 lx du (26:1) ld, dy =k +05] (keZ) * Néu M va N dao dng vong pha thi: Ny =CkADS Ie Okt= dy = 2k +4] (keZ) * Néuhai diém MN nim cing trén cling mét phuong truyén s6ng céch nhau doan d: AP =ot 244 (d=|dy-d,,|=MN ) va * NéuM va NN dao dng cing pha thi: [@=—] kes * Néu M va N dao déng ngudec pha thi: Jenne hoac a=ierda (keN) 4 d * Néu M va N dao dong vong pha thi QM UN q & ld = (2k +1)—| ke N Qk+De (ken) SONG AM 1. Dinh nghia: Séng am a s6ng co hoc lan truyén trong m6i trading vat chit nh rén, Ing, ki. Con ngutii 06 thé nghe tin sé [16Hz < f <2.10Hz|(Am thanh) S6ng c6 tan s6 nhé hon 16Hz 1a s6ng ha Am, s6ng c6 tin sé 16n hon 20.000 Hz 1a séng siéu Song Am truyén duige trong chat rén, lng, khi khong truyén duge trong chan kh6ng, van te séng 4m phy thuéc vao mat 46 phan ti va tinh din héi va cd nhiét 46. T6c 46 trayén Am gidm din tir rn, I6ng, kh, 2. DO cao cita Am. La dic trung sinh ly ciia Am phu thudc vao tan sé. Am cé tin sé Idn goi 1a 4m cao(thanh), am c6 tin sé thap goi Ia Am thap (tram ) 3. Cuing d6 Am I: 18 ning lugng am truyén qua mét dn vi dign tich dat vudng g6e véi phutong truyén Am trong mot den vi thai gian. Ww ifs 5 dién tic *5 z (on vi: Wim’); P=céng suit; $ 1a dign tich; Cutng 4 Am tai diém c&ch nguén doan R trong khong gian: | Ge 4. Mie cung a amb: |L(B) = lg suy ra 10° (B don vj Ben) (dB) = 101g IB =10dB (dB: dé xi ben) 1, =10- W/m? euting a6 Am chulin ting véi f=1000Hz L, 4 £, hh unt] og fic be: hicé Ly b =I) —laG) =I) 2 = 10°) cong thite bén L phaie6 dom vi Ben Chii ¢: Tai con nguai chi phan biét duge hai am e6 mife euting 46 am hon kém nhau 104B. 5. Tan sé cia Am: Am cg ban hay cdn goi 1a hoa 4m bac 11a: fo ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH 1" CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 Hog am bic 2: =2fo; Hi im bac 3: fy=3fo; Hoa am bie n: fy=nfo * Mét day dan hai dau o6 dinh o6 chidu dai I sng dimng 06 tn s6: | f 21 Am co ban ting voi k=l: f, Fy (il &6 1 6 s6ng); how im bie 2 thi k=2: bac 3 thi K=3; * Mét dng sdo hoc xax6phn cé chiéu dai] (mét diu kin mét dau hd ) c6 tan sé: fa=mz =| (m=1,3,5,7..) chi e6 hoa ém bac Ie. al| ° »3,5,7...) chi c6 hoa 4m bac 1é. 1thi Am co ban tng véin = (song 66 1 nit val bun; f x ° 1s 8) Hoa am bac 3: 3th = (séng c6 2 nuit 2 bung ) Hoa am bae 5: m=5 thi f, = (Wong e6 3 nit 3 bung ) 6, Am sie: 18 dic trung sinh If cia Am, phy thude vao phan biét cdc nguén am. 7. Dé to cla Am: la dic trung sinh If cla am, phu thude vao tin sO va mtfe cudng dé am 8. Ngu@ng nghe: La 4m cé cuing dé nhé nhét ma tai ngudi cdn cé thé nghe dudc. Ngudng nghe phu thudc vao tn sé cia 4m.(mi tn s6 khéc nhau thi ngu@ng nghe khéc nhau). 9, Ngu@ng dau: Néu cng 46 4m 1én tdi LOW/m’ ting vai mtic cuing 46 Am 130dB, Adi voi moi tn s6, séng 4m gay cim gide nhite nhéi trong tai. Gid tri cue dai dé cia cung dé Am goi la ngu@ng dau. NguGng dau ttng véi cung 46 am 1a130dB va hau nhw khéng phu thudc vao tan sé cia am. din s va bién d6 (46 thi Am) giip ta 10, Mién nghe due: Nim giita ngudng nghe va ngudng dau. Vai tin sé chudin 1000Hz nguGng nghe Ja 0 dB, nguong dau fa 130 dB 11. Higu ting Dop_Ple: vy 8 t6e d6 chuyén dong cia may thu vy, 1a téc 46 chuyén dong cia nguén 4m v 1A te d6 truyén dm trong méi trudng Chai §: * khi nguén 4m hay méy thu tién lai gdn nban thi fy défu (+) true var va du (-) truéc ys va lity du ngugc lai cho trvdng hgp may thu va nguén tin ra xa nhau. * khi may thu ditng yen thi vy=0, khi nguén am ditng yen thi vs=0 GIAO THOA SONG Giao thoa séng la sy téng hgp hai hay nhiéu séng két hgp trong kh6ng gian, trong 46 6 nhitng cho. ©6 dinh bien 46 song tng hdp dude ting cuing hay gidm bat, L.Giao Thoa Cia Hai Séng Phit Ra Tir Hai Ngudn Séng Két Hyp S,,S; Céch Nhau Mt Khoiing I: Xét diém M céch hai ngudn lan lugt di, dy 1. TRUONG HOP CO PHA BAT KY: Phuong trinh song tai 2 ngudn w, = Acos(2z-ft+9,) va u, = Acos(27 ft +9,) Phuong trinh séng tai M do hai séng tir hai ngudn truyén t6i thy = Acos(2n fi -ant +9,) Va ty =Acos(2zft a0 +9) Phuong trinh giao thoa séng tai M: ut = wine + tat ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, 12 CONG THUC CO’ BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT Li 12 a+9,) 3 | dtd, ty = BAe AC Jeo ant Bign d6 dao déng tai M: Ay, sfos( 24 “| veiM9=9,-9, cha y: * Séeuedai: Le S% ep esl? ken A Qn A dn * 6 cue tigu: 1-1 AP eke Af kez) A 2 2 22 We 2. TRUONG HGP HAI DAO BONG KET HOP CUNG PHA Gia sit phuong trinh s6ng tai hai ngudn két hgp 0, 0, 12 = Acos(at + 9) M céch hai ngudn d, = O,M,d, = 0,M Phuong trinh s6ng tai M do O,,0, truyén téi 4, x 4, thy = Acos(wt — 27 +g) VA u,y = Acos(wt -2, ic 7”) (aot — 20 Coi A= const Phuong truyén séng tng hgp tai M: d, ~4) fof oe 2d, +4,)+0) 7 J Dé lech pha ciia hai song tiy hai nguén truyén téi tai M d, Bién dé séng tong hyp taiM: A, = 2.4\cos| Diém cé bién 46 téng hgp cyc dai Amax? x Fd, -d, Pos ( | A. (hai séng gdi t6i cing pha)thi: a1 Fd, =a) = kar [d,—d,=kA] k=s nguyen Diém c6 bién 46 tng hop ove ti€u (hai séng gdi tdi ngude pha) Ania =0 (hay triét tiéu) Z . Qk+DS] k= s6inguyén kos Std, 4-0-5, -4)=(@ho nS d, S6 eye dai giao thoa (hay s6 bung s6ng trong khodng gitta hai nguén O,,0,) etc 4 Ported () la phuong trinh vi phan ludn 6 nghiém p= Queostar ro] Cm) Voi VIC jong chm ing trong cudn day L (6 r = 0) 2. Suit dign a n $6 gée(rad/s) 1 |g" =-0'g| 4_& w cost + @)| g=Cu cu ec Voi u higu dién thé tte thdi gia hai bin ty q dién tich gitfa hai ban ty 6 thdi diémt 3. Cuding a ding dié Cuong d6 ding dién chay trong cudn day L bign thién i= 4 —oQsin(or +9) = 09, sin(an + 9+ 2) digu hoa: Hay: sin(ar + 9+ 7) = I,cos(or+ p+. B= Bycos(at+ 9 +? voi [p= oQ] _ cutng d6 exe dai Trong mach dao déng LC thi u va q dao déng cing pha va cing chdm pha 1/2 s0 véi i. eee, Phicomg trink ,=0, +A77 4.Chu ky — tin sé ctia mach dao dong Chu ky Tan so: IT = 2aVLC 3.108 m/s. Néu C gém Cy! Cy thi Néw € gdm Cynt Cy thi Néu L gém Lyf Lz thi: va N&w L gdm Lint Lp thi: * Late may :[f, *Si =i * Ai] hode hoge ty XO, = OX 0, ** NGu mach o6 L thay di tit 1... Ln VAC thay d6i tir C Loses Pin = ¢-27r Fi Cin ‘nnxCnan thi: [2g =e2myF va ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, Cin > C 16 (CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 5, Ning lugng ciia mach dao dng: * Nang lugng dign trugng( tap trung 6 ty C) 6 thoi diémt Trong dé: q =O, cos(ot +) I> Wy, Fr eos'(or +9) * Nang lugng tir trang (tap trung 6 cudn cdm L) 6 thoi diémt Trong ds: i g=1,sinot ++) hoiei=q’ =-aQ.sin or + 9) Lage W, =< LI sin? (cot + = Le sin" (at + 9) Taal * Dinh lugt bao toan nang higng: |W =W, + = SLi +5 * Nang higng dao déng cia mach (ning lugng dién ti) =4in =L0u3 22" 2 Mach dao ding cé dign tré thuan R #0 thi dao dng sé tét dan * Bé mach dao dong duy tr thi phai ba phdn nang htdng mét di du6i dang nhiét nang lo=rRr 1 J? = Wag =W, = const eduytri_dao déng cin cung cép cho mach mét WCU} p_ URC 2 20 Néu trong mach cé dién tré thudn R cAng nhé thi xy ra cng hung ré hen (nhon hon) Chi g: * Trong dao dong séng dién tir thi dién trudng ning lwgng 6 céng_ suit: I = PR= a tir ruding dao dong cing pha vdi nhau va ching tao véi phvong truyén séng thanh m6t tam dién thudn (ting 46i mét vudng géc). * N€u mach dao d6ng vai chu ky 18 T, tin sO f thi nang hvdng dién trudng va ning Iwong tir truding dao dng véi chu ky T/2 tén sé 2f. * Nang Iugng dién trudng va nang lugng ti tring dao dong ngutge pha nhau * Song dign tir mang nang long, nang hrong cia séng di tn sé cw ir ti 18 voi luy thita bac bén cia £7), nhu vay tin sé cita séng dign tir ing cao thi nding lugng s6ng cing Ién. Song dign tir c6 day du cde tinh chat cua séng co hoc nhu: Tuan theo cc quy ludt truyén thang, phan xa, khie xa, nhiéu xa. Phat —thu séng dign tir hse dx ‘Auntia ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANK, 7 CONG THUG CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAIBAI TAP VAT Li 12 DIEN XOAY CHIEU IL. Nguyén tc tao dong dién xoay chiéu 1, Tit thong: Ti thong gai qua mOt khung day c6 din tich $ gdm N vong day quay déu véi van (Se gée @ quanh tryc quay A trong mOL tif tung déu BLA b= NBS cos(ax + 9,) = @, costar + p,)] Don vi: Wb(vé be) iB) khi t= 0 2. Suat dién ding cdm dng do méy phét tao ra: le =" = @NBS cos(at + 9,) = E, cos(at +9, )(V) E, = @NBS = o¢,]: suat dién dong cyte dai Voi: [= NBS] tr thong eve dsi; 9 = 2, Ff pia ban dio 3. Tan sé ciia suat dién dong cam ting cing nhu cia dong dién: [f= nx p| n (vongis) te 46 quay cita roto. ps6 cip eve ; ; Chit ys Mét may phat dién c6 1 céip cuc tie mudn phét ra véi tin sé SOHz thi phéi quay v6i téc a6 50 vong/s; cd 10 cap cc tit muén phat ra voi tan sé 50Hz thi phdi quay voi toc dé n=5 vong/s e. = %% cap ewe tang lén bao nhiéu ldn thi toc a6 quay gidm di bdy nhiéu lan. 4. Higu dign thé cung cfp cho mach ngoai: u=U, cost +@)] 9. = 9. us 18 higu din thé te thai ; Uo 18 hi Néu bé qua dign td trong ela may phat thi 5. Cuding do ding di¢n ¢ mach ngoai: i=, cos(or + 9.) 4: 1a cuting d6 dong dign ttc thd; ly :cuting d6 dong dign cue dai se vid tri hi Ey yy Ue 6. Che gid tri higu dung: JE=—53U = 7. Nhiét lugng tod ra trén dién trd R: Doan mach chi cé mét phin tit: 1, Doan mach chi cé dign tré thudn R * u, =U, cost +i ”) [coset * Dinh luat Om * ghép dién 3: va [R, = R +R + * Gidn d6 vects: Bogn mach chi cé R-uva icing pha: @=0 2. Doan mach chi cé cugn diy thudn cam L: * uw, =U,cosar Ou Costa ! * pinh luat Om: vdi[Z, = @b|cdm khang ; ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, 18 CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 rit, 1 * ghépcudn day: [L,=L 4 %.+L,] va ty4y,04 Lb lk,” L, * Gin a8 vects: Bogan mach chi e6 L thi u luén nhank pha hin i g6e 5. Suy ra Ln MAF 3. Doan mach chi cé ty dign c6 dign dung C: * uc =U, coset x * i= Icos(ar +4) ocostaat +5) G dung khéng Dinh luat Om; * ghépudign — [C, Gian dé vects; Doan mach chi cé C thi u luén chim pha hon i g6c + Suy ra Pea—Z III. Mach R,L,C néi tiép: lu=u, bu, tu, @U=0, +0 ‘Tit gidn dB vee i v= véi U=IZ; véi DO lech pha ciia uso véii 4 =U, cos(ar + 9,) va i= 1, cos(ar + 9,) g0i 1 tng tr mach p= 9.= Véi Uo Voc Uo + Néu tg9> 06 9>0@Z, >, 2 O>1NLE ig9= mach c6 tinh cdm khang thi u sém pha hon i * N&u 1g9< 06> 9<0¢> Z, [Z, Zl: * NEu fol> 2/4 22 R<|Z, -Ze] * Néu |p|= 7/2 <> mach khéng chita R; * Néu |p|4.2/2 <> mach phai chia R; ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, 19 CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 Cong sust: |P=Ulcosp=1°(R+r)| Vai he sO cong suit 1a: |cosg = * Chog¢: i Nu cudn day c va Use Uo, Ug +U, Rr ** Cac dau higu nh§n biét cong hung dién thudng gap: + Ling = RO Ig, Le PY an tome = Fg Pow = 0eU, U, Uae cosy =I (u va i ching pha). u ching pha di ug ; uchdm pha 7/2 véi u, ; unhanh pha 1/2 so véiuc u R,U la hing sé. Thay déi L hoac C, hod @ hoac f: P=RP=R. 5 > Py, 2 Z,=Z. > P, cosp=1 -Z.y erase a] > Zakir Cn9 = va tang=+1 ** Cho R thay di dé cOng suat trén bién trd R dat cue dai. 2 Lr G Knids: [R=¥F +Z,-Zy] vw > P.-—Y—] Rr) A B **Néu L,C,o,U= const. Khi cho R thay déi ta thify ¢6 hai Ry va Rp €6 cling céng suit P Urauxs Paes On Uzemin Lara yi: L va C mic lién tiép nhau 1 1 2LU oes RAACL-CR *Khi jo=a, 210 RYsCL-CR? Vi ** Cho @ (hoie f) thay dai ta thay c6 hai gid tri @ = @, (hoae f= f)) va @ = @, (hoa f= f;) déu cho cing Uc , khi @ = @, thi Uc ne’ *Khi lo=o, thi * Lite nay :|o, = foun, |hoae [f, -Suy ra at = L(o) 5 = 5 (ah Cho L thay di ** Cé hai gid tri. L, # Lz cho cing gid tri cong sudt R Cc Z, +2, a —gthi | | Suy ra: |Z, = “#9 1, +L, = A B * C6 hai gid tri Ly L; cho eting gid tri Uy , gid tri L dé Uta: tinh theo Ly va Le. 22,2, 2bLy Ls Z,,+Z, T,+L, ** Cho L thay déi dé U Ta R U gy 1 Upc | 3 [UE = Ua + Uc tater UU ratan U7 = Cho C thay dai ** Cé hai gid tri C, + C, cho ciing gid tri céng sudt B (Gi gid tri Co la gid tri lam cho cng sudt mach cyte dai Ucn Ki a6 Uy R +Z) 24 Zz? > z + come = Lael +2) £2 fg we LU a) sever = Yew + Uc Ucatar YU er =o R ** Cé hai gid trj Ci# C2 cho cing gid tr] Uc gid tri Zc 4€ Ucmax tinh theo Cy va Cz 11 G+ It) ¢- G45) Z 22, Ze, 2 Hai doan mach RyL,C, va RaL2C; cing « hoje ciing i cé pha Iéch nhau Ap ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH Fa CONG THUG CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT Li 12, 2-2. 2,,-Zc FHF (gid sit 1 > 2) = BAH 180, l+igolge, fic bigt Ay — n/2 (vudng pha nhau) thi tepitgp2 C5 qi-o2" 0 =Ighg ‘Truong hop ** Cho U, 1U,hode |p, -9,|= 1/2 [tang tang, la+e= 2/2 _, P19, > 0 IV. May phat dign xoay chiéu m9t pha: 1, Nguyén tac hoat d6ng : Dya trén hién tong cm ting dién tit 2. Cu tao: * Phan cém: La phén tao ra tif tru@ng, thuéing la nam cham vinh eifu hay nam cham dién. * Phan tng: La phan tao ra dong dién, gém khung day vdi nhiéu vong day din quan quanh, ** Cho fiang,.tang, * BO gép: La phdn dua dién ra mach ngoai, gdm hai vanh khuyén va hai chéi quét. f4y phat dién xoay chiéu ba pha: a ty ene 1. Dinh nghia dong dién xoay chiéu ba pha. LA mot hé thing gém ba dong dién xoay chiéu c6 cing tn s6, cing bien a> V. hung Iéch pha nhau2 hay 120° ue vé thai gian 1d 1/3 chu ky T. hs 3 “a rf ahe a 6 = Bycos(eot) = I,coster) 2 6, = Ecos(ot S trong truéng hop tai déi ximg thi 4, = Z,cos(or % 2a E,cos(oot acostor +2) 2. Nguyén téc hoat dong: Dya trén hién twong cm ting dién tit Cau tao: Gém hai phan chinh: + Phan cdm: 1a Réto, thuing 1a nam cham dién + Phin ting : 12 stato, g6m ba cudn day gidng hét nhau quin quanh 101 thép dat Iéch nhau 1/3 vong_ ton tén than stato. 3.Cach mac dién ba pha: 2 cach * Mic hinh sao: 4 day g6m 3 day pha(day néng) va mot day trung hod (day ngudil tiéu thy khong edn d6i xting. lu, = BU, 31, =I, * Mac hinh tam gide: méc 3 day. Tai tiéu thu phi m&c déi xing 4, Uu diém cia dng xoay chiéu ba pha: * Tiét kiém duge day dn trén duting truyén ti ty ndi sin xudt dén noi tiéu ding * Tao tif trading quay rt manh ma khong cin phai quay nam cham dién. VL. Dong co khéng ding bé ba pha: ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH 2 CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 1. Dinh nghia: La thiét bi dién bién dién nang cia dong dién xoay chiéu thinh co ning 2. Nguyén tie: Dyfa trén hign tugng cm ttog dién tit va tit tevding quay, tit trading téng hop tai tam quay luén a 1,5Bo Lutu §: khung diy quay v6i te 4 g6ca nhé hon tée 46 quay o cia tiy trudng quay (ciia dng ign) ray < On_raons ~ Pons _en 3. Céch tao tit truting quay: 2 céch * Cho nam cham quay * Tao bang dong xoay chiéu 3 pha. 4, Cau tao ciia dbng co khong ding bd ba pha: 2 pk * Stato: ging stato ca méy phat xoay chiéu 3 pha * Roto: hinh tru c6 téc dung nhur mot cudn day quéin quanh 10i VII. May bién thé - truyén tdi di¢n nang: 1, Dinh nghia: La thiét bi bién déi mét hiéu dién thé xoay chiéu nay thanh mét hiéu dién thé xoay chiéu khéc c6 cing tin s6 nhuing c6 gid tri khdc nhau. 2. Cau tao: 2 phin * Mot loi thép gm nhigu Ié thép kj thuat ming ghép céch dign dé trnh dng dign phucd. * Hai cuén day déng quan quanh léi thép véi sé vong day khéc nhau, Cun sd cp N; vong. day ndi_véi mang dién xoay chiéu, cugn day thit céip No vong day néi véi tdi tiéu thu. 3, Nguyén tc hoat dong: Dyfa trén hién tudng cdm tng dién ti, Sy bién déi hiéu dién thé vé cudng 46 dong dién trong may bién thé Goi U,.,,N,,B., Hiéu dign thé, cudng 46, s6 vong day, cong suit, cla cudn sd edfp. , 96 vong day, cong suit, eda cudn thi dp. p. euting Goi Up Ly,Ny, Po Higu dign thi Higu suat cia may bién thé HG sé may bién thé z 5 Py Frracop _ Uzl 6089, kh B Prscay Uh, 6089, Néu H= 100% thi U, In Ne, G1, oe ° JH = Ny om Lov Now U2 Na NEu Nos < Naw my ting th€ (Ny Ning méy ha thé (Ni>N2) VIL Truyén tai dién nang: LA su truyén tdi dién ning ti noi sn xudt t6i nai tiéu thy Goi Pps: cOng sudt dién can truyén tai ti nai sin xudt d€n noi tiéu thy Upnact Higu dién thé ra 6 may phat din ‘wing do dong dién trén during day 1. Cong suit hao phi trén duding day: 2. Dé gidm thé trén day: [AU = IR =U pig — Ure ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, 23 CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12, P, = 3. Higu suit truyén ti dign ming: p= “Be — Zine AP) 4. Dign tré day din: |R = p= vdi: 11a chigu dai cla day din=2lin khodng céch tir noi phat dén noi tiéu thu piQm) 1 dign trd sus S(m*) 1a tiét dién day dan, IX. Céich tao dong dign mt chiéu 1. Cech tao: * Ding pin va fe quy => cong suat rt nhé, gi * Dang may phat dién mot chiéu => Cong sui vdi viée tgo dong dién xoay chiéu c6 cing céng suat. * Chinh lu dong xoay chiéu => kinh té nhit va phd bién nhat. 2. May phat dign mot chiéu * Nguyén tfc hogt déng : Dya trén hign twoing cdm ding dign tir * Neuyén tie edu tao: + Phin cdm va phan tng giéng may phat dién xoay chiéu mét pha + BO gép dién gém hai vanh ban khuyén va hai chéi quét. 3. Chinh htu dong dign xoay chiéu bing didt ban din * Chinh lau nita chu ky: m&e didt ban din vao mach ¢6 te dung cho dong dién qua tai tigu thy trong ¥4 chu ky theo mét chidu xc dinh dé nap dc quy. * Chinh hau hai nita chu ky: Mac 4 didt bin dn vaio mach mot ech thich hgp, dong din qua tai tiéu thy trong ca hai nita chu ky déu theo mét chiéu xéc dinh. 4 thanh cao han pin, fe quy. Gi dong chinh uu 1a dong dign nhap nhay diing TINH CHAT SONG CUA ANH SANG 1. Dinh nghfa tin she: Hién twgng mot chim Anh sng tring sau khi qua Ling kfnh khdng nhtng bi Kinic xa vé phfa dy cita ling kinh, ma cdn bi tach ra thanh nhiéu chim 4nh séng c6 mau se khéc nhau goi 1a hién tvgng tn sfc anh sang. Nguyén nhan tin sie: Do chiét suit cia mt méi truding trong suat Ai v4i cde nh sing dan sie Khe nhau 18 khée mau (193 <4scamMving <- tan se anh sdng 2. Anh sdng don sfc: Anh sing don sfc 1a nh sing kh6ng bi tan sc khi qua lang kinh. MGi anh sdng don sc e6 m6t mau sic xc dinh goi f& mau dan sfc. 3. Anh sdng trang: Anh sang tring la anh sang dude tng hgp ti v6 sé anh sng don sic khac nha o6 miu se big thign lién tue tir 43 dén tim. ( 0.38, < A < 0,640) a M 4. Giao thoa énh sing: * Xx | * + Bang hinh hoc ta cé higu quang trinh ( higu dung di) a I! ° ld, -d, == S| D |__| D ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, 24 CONG THUC CO BAN VA PHUONG PHAP GIAI BAI TAP VAT LI 12 + Digu kign dé M la vi tr van sing [d,—d, =F voik eZ Vi tri van sing: (k=0;6142..) x + Vi tri van sang trung tam (bac 0) dng véi k=0 nt Vi tri van sng bac | tng véi_ k=+1 Ss Vi tri van sing bac 2 tng véi Te S: } Vi tri van séng bac n ting véi T fi + Diéu kién dé M la vj wi van ti: 7 “y Jd, -d, =(2k + DA| vik eZ 2 Ta Vi tri van t6i: (uu ¥ khéng c6 van t6i bac 0) 1 {i «ke HP eb] eoouner. ” Yr 2a 2a 2 oo ‘Van (61 thet nhat ( van t6i bac 1) ding voi k=0 va k=-1 Van ti thit hai (van ti bac 2) ting voi k=1 va k=-2 Van ti thit hai (van ti bac n) ting voi kenel va k=-n Khoang van: Khoang van la khodng céch gitta hai vin séng lién tiép hay hai van t6i lien tiép. 2D a FSX Xn =a a> fi Taco: ==, f suy ra: [c= 299792458 = 3.10°mis| Chi §: Khi di tiv méi trudng nay sang méi trudng khac thi tn sé f luén khong déi nén nding higng pho tn cling khong a6i Khoang efch tif van nay 4€n vin kia: * @ cing bén vn trung tam: | Av =|x, — x, * Ghai ben van trung tim: [Ar=|x]+[x ‘Vitrf hai van tring nhau: Xia, Xin ‘D6 réng quang phé bic n: 14 kh Quang phé bac n bang n lin quang phé bac 1: [Ax, = nAx| * D6 rdng phin tring nhau (giao nhau) cia hai quang phé lién tyc: luu§: Néu / <0 thi khéng giao nhau =x. _.—¥, * Tim s@ van sdng ,tdi trén ving giao thoa c6 bé rong L: L 3 ‘ au te [p= "P| vain 18 phan nguyén; p la chit s6 thap phan dtu tien Va: 3,45 thi n=3 va p=4; 5,78 thi n=5 va p=7; S6 van séng trong ving giao thea: [N, =2n+1 ‘ST: NGUYEN TAT THANH, 25

You might also like