Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A bullet going 640 m/s has 42 Kgm/s of momentum. What is its mass?
42 = 640 * m....p = mV
m = 42/640 or .066 kg
What is the impulse imparted by a rocket that exerts 4.8 N for 1.63 seconds?
4.8 * 1.63 = 7.824 or 7.8 Ns..../\p = Ft
For what time must you exert a force of 45 N to get an impulse of 16 Ns?
16 = 45 * t..../\p = Ft
t = 16/45 or .36 s
N = 64/6 or 10.7 N
What is the change in velocity of a .35 Kg air track cart if you exert a force of 1.2 N on it for 3 seconds?
.35 * /\V = 1.2 * 3....F = m(/\V/t)
A rocket engine exerts a force of 500 N on a space probe (in outer space!) for 5 seconds.
The probe speeds up from rest to a speed of 21 m/s. What is its mass?
21 * m = 500 * 5....F = m(/\V/t)
m = 2500/21 or 119 kg
What force exerted for .12 seconds will make a .54 Kg baseball change its velocity 80 m/s.
N * .12 = .54 * 80....F = m(/\V/t)
N = 43.2/.12 or 360 N
How long must the space probe in question 8 fire its engine to change its velocity by 3 m/s?
500 * t = 119 * 3....F = m(/\V/t)
t = 357/500 or .71 s
A rocket engine burns 5 Kg of fuel per second. The exhaust gas velocity is 608 m/s. What is
the thrust of the engine? What time must it burn to impart an impulse of 12,000 Ns? How much
c. 3.95 * 5 = 19.7 s....fuel burned per second multiplied by the number of seconds it is
burning
An 11 Ns rocket engine has 12.5 g of fuel. What is the exhaust velocity?
11 = .0125 * V....F = m(/\V/t)
A rocket generates 25 N of thrust, and the exhaust gas velocity is 1250 m/s. At what rate
does it consume fuel in Kg/s? How much fuel has it burned in 5 minutes?
a. 25 = 1250 * V....F = m(/\V/t)
b. .02 * 5 min * 60 sec/min = 6 kg....fuel burned per second multiplied by the number of
seconds it is burning
A small rocket probe in deep space has a mass of 68.5 Kg, 45.2 Kg of which is fuel. Its engine
consumes .250 Kg of fuel per second, and it has an exhaust velocity of 720 m/s. For how much
time will the engine burn? What is the initial acceleration of the rocket engine? What is the
a = 180/68.5
a = 180/23.3
A rocket takes off from the surface of the Earth straight up. The total mass of the rocket
is 5000 Kg, 3500 Kg of which is fuel. The exhaust gas velocity is 3000 m/s , and the rocket
consumes 25 Kg of fuel per second. For how long do the engines burn? What is the thrust of the
engine? What is the initial and final accelerations of the rocket? (don't forget gravity)
26000/5000 = a
60300/1500 = a
REMEMBER: A weight is a special case of force.
Problems:.
2. What is the mass of an object which is accelerated at 10. m/s2 due to a force of 75 newtons?
3. What would be the acceleration of an object with a mass of 20.0 kg when hit with a force of
100. N?
4. What force is required to give a projectile weighing 500. newtons an acceleration of 3.00E+3 m/s2?
5. What would be the acceleration of an object with a mass of 100 kg hit with a force of 0 newtons?
6. What would be the mass of an object if it is accelerated at 1.95E-3 m/s2 due to a force of
7.83 E 3 N?
7. Find the final velocity of an object, initially at rest, that falls freely for 3.00 seconds.
8. Find the height of a tower if an object dropped from the top reaches the ground in 10.0 seconds.
9. 169 newtons are applied to an object with a rest weight of 1.30 E 3 N. What is the resultant
acceleration?
10. A car, starting from rest, accelerates at 8 miles per hour per second, giving it what
velocity at the end of 4 seconds?
*11. A toy airplane that is flying at 7 m/s speeds up to 18 m/s in 4.5 seconds due to a force of
1.76E-3 N. Using this information what is the mass of the toy?
*12. If a 12 pound ball is dropped and attains a velocity of 8.8 ft/s in 3.0 seconds on the planet
Oogabooga (with a gravity different from Earth's of course) what is the mass of the ball?
*13. If a ball is dropped and attains a velocity of 29.31 m/s in just 3.00 seconds, what
is the acceleration of gravity?
1. A type of elevator called a cage is used to raise and lower miners in a mine shaft. Suppose the cage carries a
group of miners down the shaft. If the unbalanced force on the cage is 60.0 N, and the mass of the loaded cage is
150 Kg, what is the acceleration of the cage?
2. The whale shark is the largest of all fish and can have the mass of three adult elephants. Suppose that a crane is
lifting a whale shark into a tank for delivery to an aquarium. The crane must exert an unbalanced force of 25,000 N
to lift the shark from rest. If the shark’s acceleration equals 1.25 m/s2, what is the shark’s mass?
3. In drag racing, acceleration is more important than speed, and therefore drag racers are designed to provide high
accelerations. Suppose a drag racer has a mass of 1250 Kg and accelerates at a rate of 16.5 m/s2 . How large is the
unbalanced force acting on the racer?
4. Assume that a catcher in a professional baseball game exerts a force of -65.0 N to stop the ball. If the baseball
has a mass of 0.145 Kg, what is its acceleration as it is being caught?
5. The Petronas Twin Towers in Malaysia is 452 meters tall. Suppose a tourist tosses an apple off of the very top of
one of the buildings and it falls with a force of 3.6 N, and its acceleration is 9.8 m/s2, what is the apple’s mass?
6. If a 52,200,000 Kg luxury cruise ship is accelerating at a rate of -0.357 m/s2 as it comes into port. How large is
the unbalanced force acting on the ship to make it stop in the proper location?
A 10 kg box is attached to a 7 kg box which rests on a 30 o incline. The coefficient of kinetic friction between each
box and the surface is = .1 . Find a) the rate of acceleration of the system and b) the tension in the rope.
Solution:
N2 - m2g =
N2 = m2g,
x direction:
T - fk 2 = m2a
= m2a
T- N2
= m2a. (13)
T- m2g
For the 7 kg box:
y direction:
N1 = m1gcos ,
x direction:
m1gsin - T - f k 1 = m 1a
= m 1a
m1gsin -T- N1
= m1a. (14)
We have a system of two equations and two unknowns: a and T . We can solve as follows.
a)
From equation (4.1), T = m2a + m2g . Substituting into equation (4.2) gives,
m1a =
m1gsin - m1gcos - m 2a - m2g
= (15)
m1gsin - m2g - m1gcos
m1a + m2a
=
[m1gsin - m2g - m1gcos ]g ]
a
= (16)
2
[7(9.8)sin 30 - (0.1)(10)(9.8) - (0.1)(7)(9.8)cos 30)] = 1.1 m/s
b)
Then substituting into the first equation gives,
T =
m2(a + g )
= 10(9.8(.1) + 1.1) = 20.8 N.
1. A 3.5 kg. mass is travelling at a constant velocity of 25 m/s. What force is required to slow it to a stop in 5
seconds?
answer: 17.5N
Explanation: First, derive the acceleration by using the equation vf=vi + a*t
Using the derived value, multiply the acceleration by the mass of the object (F=m*a)
2. A 42 kg. mass is resting on the Earth's surface. What force does it exert on the Earth?
The answer is 412 N
The rate of this acceleration is -9.81 meter per second per second.
3. A man wants to lift a crate full of pineapples. The crate weighs 230 kg. What force is required to lift it (at a
constant velocity) straight up?
The answer is 2300 N
The force required to lift the box must exceed the force exerted by gravity.
Simply find the force of gravity (using F=m*a, where a = 9.81 m/s/s)
4. You are trying to move a piano. The coefficient of static friction between the carpet and the piano is 0.63. The
piano weighs 405 kg. How much force is required to accelerate the piano?
First, calculate the force of friction by multiplying the force normal by the coeff. of static friction
Since you want to move the piano, you must overcome friction, so a force larger than 2500N is necessary
c. j = m∆v
120000 = (95000)∆v
∆v = 1.26 m/s
1. A particle with momentum mv1 experiences a force which leaves it with momentum mv2.
Draw an arrow to represent the impulse the particle experienced.
2. A 1000 kg car accidentally drops from a crane and crashes at 30 m/s to the ground below and
comes to an abrupt halt. What impulse acts on the car when it crashes?
3. If a force of 300N is exerted upon a 60 kg mass for 4 seconds, how much impulse does the
mass experience?
4. Two goblins with identical mass are traveling on a frictionless surface at right angles to each
other with velocities v1 and v2 respectively (v1 = 2v2). The goblins collide and stick together.
5. A billiard ball approaches a cushioned edge of a billiard table with momentum, p. After the
collision with the cushion, it bounces straight back with the same amount of momentum in the
opposite direction. What is the impulse on the ball?
6. A trajectile, of mass 20 g, traveling at 350 m/s, strikes a steel plate at an angle of 30-degrees
with a plane of the plate. It ricochets off at the same angle, at a speed of 320 m/s. What is the
magnitude of the impulse that the steel plate gives to the trajectile?
7. A daredevil (m = 77.00 kg) tied to a 32.00 m bungee cord, leaps off a 62.00 m tall platform.
He falls to 9.00 m above the ground before the bungee cord pulls him back up. What size
impulse is exerted on the daredevil while the cord stretches.
8. An 80-kg man and his car are suddenly accelerated from rest to a speed of 5 m/s as a result of
a rear-end collision. Assuming the time taken to be 0.3s, find the
a) impulse on the man and
b) the average force exerted on him by the back seat of his car
9. The momentum of a 30.0-g sparrow with a speed of 12 m/s is 0.36 kg*m/s. What will be its
momentum 12s later if a constant .02 N force due to air resistance acts on it?
10. Two rickshaws, one twice the mass of the other, experience the same force for the same time.
What is their difference in momentum? What is their difference in kinetic energy?
11. A racket exerted an average force of 152.0 N on a ball initially at rest. If the ball has a mass
of 0.070 kg and was in contact with the racket for 0.030 s, what was the kinetic energy of the ball
as it left the racket?
12. A 0.15-kg rubber ball's velocity just before impact with a floor is 6.5 m/s down, and just after
is 3.5 m/s straight up. If the ball is in contact with the floor for 0.025 s, what is the magnitude of
the average force applied by the floor on the ball?
This law is the same reason why you should always wear your seatbelt.
Now that you understand
Newton's First Law of Motion,
let's go on to his Second Law of Motion.
or
FORCE = MASS times ACCELERATION
Answer = 50 newtons