1.

How did innovations such as irrigation, aqueducts, and improved farm techniques transform
civilizations?
a. Innovations made it possible to expand settlements at arid locations.
b. Innovations increased the numbers of hunters and gatherers.
c. Innovations required smaller herds and less livestock.
d. Innovations decreased the size of cities

2. Legalism: belief that leaders should rule with force

Confucianism: The ruler bears responsibility for the well-being of the people and, therefore, for
peace and order in the empire.
Chinese leaders moved from a legalistic government to a government based on Confucianism.
How did Confucius transform the society?
a. Government leaders became concerned with the condition of China’s citizens.
b. Military leaders became more important than educators and priests.
c. Farmers became less dependent on government subsidies and support.
d. Merchants became concerned with the economic issues affecting China’s citizens

3. How did technology change communication in the late thirteenth century?

a. It helped all citizens learn to read
b. It allowed people to quickly contact others around the world
c. It enabled people to get information about other places and ideas
d. It helped people improve the living conditions in other societies

4. Exploration and conquests occurred in the Middle Ages. How did they affect relations between
ancient societies?
a. They caused long-lasting peace with the help of religion
b. They caused empires to close off access between their societies
c. They caused outbreaks of violence that closed all trade routes
d. They caused trade routes and communication to open between societies

5. The mountains of South America made farmland difficult to find. How did ancient people adapt to
this?
a. They used terraced farming
b. They grew crops in the valleys
c. They used large farm animals to plow
d. They moved to a new area each growing season

6. Which statement shows how trade routes influenced ancient societies?

a. As travel over land became easier, trade by water became unnecessary
b. As different civilizations traded goods, they also shared cultural values and beliefs
c. As trade developed, long-distance travel became safe and easy for each civilization
d. As silk grew popular, it became a common material used in clothing across civilizations
7. How did innovations that developed over time—such as writing, trade routes, schools, and the
printing press—affect societies?
a. They increased the spreading of ideas.
b. They reduced the construction of buildings.
c. They limited contact between peoples.
d. They lowered literacy rates.

Use the chart below to answer the question below.

The modern Olympic Games come from the ancient Olympics in Greece
Ancient Olympics Modern Olympics
Held in Olympia, Greece Held in cities all over the world
Were held in honor of the god Zeus but Allow both male and female participants
were not religious events Are competitions between different countries
Only allowed male participants Are not religious events
Were competitions between Greek citystates Winners are awarded medals
Winners were awarded olive-leaf wreaths and
medals

8. Which statement correctly compares the ancient games and the modern games?
a. The Olympics still honor Zeus, but now winners are awarded medals
b. The Olympics are still an athletic competition, but now both men and women participate
c. The Olympics are still held in Greece, but now the modern Olympic games are not religious
events
d. The Olympics still only allow men to participate, but now athletes from all over the world can
participate

Use the bulleted information below to answer question 9 & 10

In 711 CE, the Moors invaded Spain and established Islamic rule. During this period, philosophy,
mathematics, and science flourished in the nation. For instance, Ibn Zuhr, a physician and surgeon, tested
medical procedures on animals before using them on humans. His work was translated into Latin and
Hebrew and had a significant impact on the medical field. Spain remained closely connected to Baghdad for
200 years before becoming independent. Spain was one of the wealthiest areas of Europe during the period
of Moorish rule.

9. Based on the above passage, how did the Moorish invasion of Spain affect civilization in the region?
a. It forbade the advancement of philosophy and emphasized religion.
b. It led to the development of new scientific and mathematical techniques.
c. It created an isolated area of economic development and trade.
d. It transformed Spain into a society primarily concerned with military power.
10. Based on the above passage, Spain flourish under the rule of the Moors based in the advancement of?
a. Science, Technology, and Math.
b. Social Studies, Philosophy, and Science.
c. Algebra, Geometry and Science.
d. Philosophy, Mathematics, and Science.

11. Societies adapted to their surroundings by irrigating and building dams. Why did they need to use
these techniques?
a. To decrease the overcrowding of crops
b. To increase space for people to live
c. To decrease the numbers of animals on the land
d. To increase their farmland for growing crops

12. Trading networks like the Silk Road developed to solve the problem of?
a. Certain resources were not available in all areas
b. The trails were used for communication between groups
c. People wanted to take land and to keep control of that land
d. Travelers enjoyed exploring nearby lands after trading for spices

Use the bulleted information below to answer question 13 & 14

Hammurabi was the king of Babylon from 1792 BCE to 1750 BCE. Hammurabi wrote The Code of
Hammurabi, the oldest set of laws known to exist, which was made up of 282 laws. The code was carved in
stone for all to see and read.
Facts about The Code of Hammurabi
• This was the first written code—people could see it. This increased people’s ability to read.
• The code treated women fairly.
• The harsh punishments made civilizations safer.
• The code reinforced class structure—punishments were different for the different classes.

13. Based on the above information, how did Hammurabi help to transform society?
a. His laws got rid of the existing class system
b. He required that every class be punished equally
c. He continued the practice of treating women differently from men
d. His laws were written to include women

14. Based on the above information, how did Hammurabi contribute to the rule of law?
a. His laws were the first written code.
b. He required that every class be punished equally.
c. He continued the practice of treating women differently from men.
d. His laws got rid of the existing class system.
Use the bulleted information below to answer question 15 & 16

• Trade routes linking West Africa and North Africa required the shipment of goods across the hot,
dry Sahara Desert. It was difficult for the traders to carry these goods along these trade routes.
• Domesticated camels were brought to the Sahara. The camels could go for long stretches without
drinking, survive extreme temperatures, and haul heavy loads.

15. How did the camels affect the transport of goods across the Sahara Desert?
a. Traders were able to use camels to stop trans-Saharan shipments of goods
b. Traders were able to drink the milk from camels during their journey
c. Camels made travel across the desert more reliable and safer
d. Camels slowed transport by requiring frequent drinks of water

16. Transportation of goods across the Sahara Desert is an example of?

a. Trade routes linking West Africa and North Africa.
b. S hipment of goods across the hot, dry Sahara Desert.
c. Domesticated camels were brought to the Sahara.
d. Camels slowed transport by requiring frequent drinks of water.

Findings from Ancient Burial Sites: (Source: Internet Ancient History Sourcebook, Fordham University)
• About 8,000 life-size, terra-cotta clay soldiers were found about one mile east of the first emperor of
China’s tomb
• Tombs in Egypt were found with tools, make-up, and clothing

17. Based on the facts above, how were beliefs of these societies similar?
a. The rulers of ancient civilizations were buried in pyramids
b. Ancient people across civilizations did not appreciate the arts
c. The rulers of ancient civilizations appeared modest of humble in death
d. Ancient people across civilizations believed in preparing for life after death

18. How did the economic factors listed below affect the ancient empires?
Ancient Empire Economic Issues:
 Poor management by leaders
 Hoarding of wealth
 Too much debt
a. Empires weakened and were eventually destroyed
b. Empires forced wealthy citizens to forfeit money in taxes
c. Armies searched other empires for new leaders to govern
d. Armies of the empires were sent to other lands to increase wealth
19. Why did some ancient civilizations write and publish their laws?
a. To allow patricians and plebeians to read and vote for the laws
b. To record the laws so that historians would understand ancient culture
c. To ensure that citizens of the civilization had order and held accountable under the law
d. To guarantee that each politician received a personal copy of the printed laws

20. In feudal Japan, the main role of the peasants was to do what?
a. Preserve tradition
b. Defend the nation
c. Produce the food supply
d. Manufacture trade groups

21. Who was the ancient Babylonian king who created the earliest known code of laws which focused on
harsh punishments to keep order in society?
a. Sargon
b. Hammurabi
c. Eannatum
d. Nebuchadnezzar

22. Why did ancient civilizations develop in Mesopotamia along the rivers of Tigris and Euphrates?
a. The rivers aided in the exploration of new territories
b. The rivers provided power for industries
c. The river valleys provided areas for recreation
d. The rivers provided a source of fresh water and good farmland

23. Which statement best explains why the ancient Egyptians were buried with their prized possessions?
a. They wanted their possessions to be preserved for centuries
b. They wanted their possessions to help identify them
c. They wanted their possessions to be available to them in the afterlife
d. They wanted their possessions for future historians to study
“If you go and take the field of an enemy, the enemy will come and take your field.”
Babylonian proverb, 1600 B.C. Source: Internet Ancient History Sourcebook,
24. Which is the likely purpose of this ancient proverb?
a. to encourage people to tend their fields
b. to discourage people from fighting in wars
c. to encourage people to obey government laws
d. to discourage people from defending their land

“I will sing of well-founded Earth, Mother of all, eldest of all beings.

She feeds all creatures that are in the world,
All that go upon the goodly land,
And all that are in the paths of the seas,
And all that fly: all these are fed of her store.
Through you, O queen, men are blessed in their children
And blessed in their harvests,
And to you it belongs to give means of life
To mortal men and to take it away.” -Homer

25. Which value of Greek civilization is reflected in this hymn?

a. The Greeks believed that gods and goddesses were involved in natural events
b. The Greeks believed that humans became gods and goddesses after death
c. The Greeks believed that gods and goddesses were at war with humans
d. The Greeks believed that gods and goddesses needed sacrifices offered by humans to stay alive
This map shows both the Tang (618–907 AD) & Yuan (1271–1368 AD) ancient Chinese dynasties.
Yuan Dynasty
Tang Dynasty

26. Which statement best describes what is shown on the map?

a. The Yuan Dynasty expanded eastward during its reign.
b. The Tang Dynasty focused on expanding into desert areas.
c. The Yuan Dynasty more than doubled the size of the Tang Dynasty.
d. The Tang Dynasty′s territory matched the land area of the Yuan Dynasty.

Order of Ruling Powers in Ancient Greece

1. Monarchy
2. Oligarchy
3. Tyranny
4. Democracy
5.
27. Which statement explains the list above?
a. Some city-states of Ancient Greece went from being governed by their citizens to being ruled
by a king.
b. Some city-states of Ancient Greece went from being ruled by nobility to being governed by
their citizens.
c. Some city-states of Ancient Greece went from being ruled by military leaders to being
governed by the upper class.
d. Some city-states of Ancient Greece went from being ruled by rich merchants to being governed
by men of nobility.
 Requirements and Responsibilities of Citizenship
Athens Sparta
Government 1. elected officials 1. two kings
2. council of 500 2. five overseers
3. the assembly (males only) 3. the council or senate (males only)
Military Navy Army
Education 1. boys: reading, writing, 1. boys: primarily trained in the art of warfare
mathematics, music, poetry, and sports from age 7, lived in military barracks even after
2. girls: spinning, weaving, and other they were married.
domestic skills 2. girls: reading, writing, athletics, and survival
skills
Lifestyle & 1. luxurious lifestyle 1. simple lifestyle
Values 2. valued participation in government 2. valued military dominance
28. How was being a citizen of Sparta different from being a citizen of Athens?
a. Spartans were expected to honor their city through creative, artistic expression.
b. Spartans were expected to be educated, so they could participate in government.
c. Spartans were expected to display the riches of Greece through grand homes and feasts.
d. Spartans were expected to protect their city through military service and physical strength.

29. An absolute monarchy is a type of government structure.

Which of the statements describes this type of structure?
a. The citizens have an equal say in their government.
b. The citizens elect representatives to run the government.
c. The ruler has complete power over the citizens or inhabitants.
d. The ruler has control of the government, but citizens can veto the king.

30. The Muslim people believed that their world was controlled by god. There was one god who was
responsible for everything in the world, from rivers and trees to making bread and pottery.
Using the reading above, which word below describes what type of religion?
a. Nativisitic
b. Monotheistic
c. Polytheistic
d. Arabhamic
The Egyptians had many myths about the world. Egyptian Myth of the Creation of the World… I am he who
came into being in the form of the god Khepera . . . I am the creator of everything which came into being:
now the things which I created, and which came forth out of my mouth after that I had come into being
myself were exceedingly many. The sky (or heaven) had not come into being, the earth did not exist, and the
children of the earth, and the creeping things, had not been made at that time. I, myself, raised them up out of
Nu . . .
Source: Trinicenter.com, translation by E.A. Wallis Budge, 1912

31. How did these myths reflect their values and beliefs about civilization?
a. They told about the past leaders of the Egyptian society.
b. They told about the gods and goddesses that they worshiped.
c. They told about the military battles of the past Egyptian armies.
d. They told about the great pharaohs from the three great kingdoms.

Social Classes:
1st King or Monarch , 2nd Lord or Noble , 3rd Knight or Warrior , 4th Serf or Peasant

32. Which type of social structure divided its citizens this way?
a. socialism
b. feudalism
c. matrilinealism
d. caste system

33. No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned . . . or in any way destroyed. Nor will we proceed against or
prosecute him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers . . .
Magna Carta, 1215 Based on this quote, how were the legal rights of freemen changed?
a. Freemen were given the right to live without government interference.
b. The king was granted the power to exclude freemen from the laws.
c. The king acquired the power to imprison freemen at his will.
d. Freemen gained the right to trial by a jury of citizens.

Three days after I captured this city, some of the Indians who lived here came to offer to make peace. . . .
I received them . . . making them understand the purpose of my coming to this country, which is, in the
name of His Majesty . . . that they and all others in this province should become Christians.
Coronado’s Report to Viceroy Mendoza, 1540

34. According to the excerpt, what caused Coronado to conquer this city?
a. He was seeking trade with the native people.
b. He wanted to convert his fellow explorers in the region to Christianity.
c. He was searching for a fortune in diamonds that were reported in the area.
d. He wanted to Christianize the native population.
The Hindu people believed that their world was controlled by gods and goddesses. There were
hundreds of gods who were responsible for everything in the world, from rivers and trees to making
bread and pottery.

35. Using the reading above, which word below describes what type of religion?
a. Nativisitic
b. Monotheistic
c. Polytheistic
d. Arabhamic

36.

According to the picture, how did ancient societies change their environment to bring water into
cities?
a. abacus
b. aqueducts
c. sundial
d. columns
 Hymn to the Nile, c. 2100 BCE
Hail to thee, O Nile! Who manifests thyself over this land, and comes to give life to Egypt!
Mysterious is thy issuing forth from the darkness, on this day whereon it is celebrated! Watering the
orchards created by Re, to cause all the cattle to live, you give the earth to drink, inexhaustible one! ...
You cause the workshops of Ptah to prosper!
Source: Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources, Vol. I: The Ancient World, 1907

37. How does this hymn reflect the values and beliefs of the ancient civilizations?
a. It shows that all plant and animal life was sacred.
b. It demonstrates a respect for the forces of nature.
c. It promotes the belief in life beyond death.
d. It reveals that people were peaceful.

The Roman forum was located at the center of Ancient Rome. It was a gathering place where public
events were held. Soon the forum grew to also include merchant shops, temples and government
buildings. The forum became the religious, economic, and government center for Rome.

38. Based on the above information, how did the forum contribute to Roman civilization?
a. Instead of being solely focused on commerce, the forum also fulfilled cultural needs of the
Romans.
b. The forum provided cheaper prices for Romans than other markets.
c. Government buildings were the focus of the forum, showcasing the power of the Roman
government.
d. Forum ruins still can be found today, because they were so well built.

Timeline of Legal Codes

1700 BCE - Hammurabi’s code in Babylon created strict laws and punishments.
550 BCE - Solon’s code in Greece created less strict laws and punishments.
1215 CE - Magna Carta in England limits a king’s power and protects citizens’ rights.

39. How has the role of legal codes evolved through time in human societies?
a. Laws have become stricter over time.
b. Legal codes have been based on religious beliefs.
c. Governments have never supported the rights of citizens.
d. Legal codes have gradually given more protections to citizens.
As restrictions and prohibitions are multiplied in the Empire, the people grow poorer and poorer. When
the people are subjected to overmuch government, the land is thrown into confusion . . . . The greater the
number of laws and enactments, the more thieves and robbers there will be. Therefore the Sage says:
“So long as I do nothing, the people will work out their own reformation. So long as I love calm, the
people will right themselves. If only I keep from meddling, the people will grow rich. If only I am free
from desire, the people will come naturally back to simplicity.”
The Sayings of Lao-Tzu: Government Courtesy of the Internet Sacred Text Archive

40. What were Lao-Tzu’s views on government?

a. Lao-Tzu thought that people were naturally evil and needed many laws to govern their
behavior.
b. Lao-Tzu advocated for limited government involvement in people’s everyday lives.
c. Lao-Tzu believed that only people from the upper class were fit to govern.
d. Lao-Tzu felt that regulations on trade would lead to more people becoming rich.

There came from India certain monks . . . they promised the emperor in an interview that they would
provide the materials for making silk so that never should the Romans seek business of this kind from
their enemy the Persians, or from any other people whatsoever. . . . Thus began the art of making silk
from that time on in the Roman Empire.
“Procopius: The Roman Silk Industry, c. 550,” modernized by Jerome S. Arkenberg

41. How did the negotiations between the Indian monks and the Roman emperor affect the silk trade in the
Roman Empire?
a. The Roman Empire started to import silk from India rather than from Persia.
b. The Indian monks offered to establish a route for silk trade with Persia.
c. The Roman Empire no longer had to import silk because it could be produced locally.
d. The Persians offered a better price for silk, so the Romans began to trade with them.

The Chinese civilization began along the Yellow River basin around 1700 BCE and soon spread along other
rivers in China. Yellow River floods enriched the surrounding soils, allowing farmers to produce surplus
crops and domesticate animals. Yellow River floods often destroyed early settlements and ruined crop
production for years.

42. How did geography affect the development of Chinese civilization?

a. The growth of Chinese civilization depended on the Yellow River, but the Yellow River also
brought suffering to Chinese people.
b. The growth of Chinese civilization was slowed by the Yellow River and it only flourished
when people moved away from rivers.
c. The natural resources of China encouraged Chinese people to build massive public works
projects to benefit the poor.
d. The natural resources of China encouraged Chinese farmers to create artificial rivers, like the
Yellow River, where they could produce crops.
43. Kings wanted to control decision making in their governments. How did this desire affect the
structures of governments?
a. Governments became constitutional monarchies when the king or queen shared the power with
a legislative council.
b. Governments became hereditary monarchies when kings and queens transferred power to their
children.
c. Governments became absolute monarchies when the king or queen held all power in their
hands.
d. Governments became elected monarchies when kings or queens were elected by the people.

The civilization began along a River basin around 1700 BCE and soon spread farther down the rivers’
banks. The River floods enriching the surrounding soils, allowing farmers to produce surplus crops and
domesticate animals. But when the River floods it often can destroy settlements and ruin crop
production for the year.

44. How did geography affect the development of this civilization?

a. The growth this civilization depended on the River, but the River also brought suffering to the
people
b. The growth of this civilization was slowed by the River and it only flourished when people
moved away from rivers
c. The natural resources of this civilization encouraged the people to build massive public works
projects to benefit the poor
d. The natural resources of this civilization encouraged the farmers to create artificial rivers, like
the River, where they could produce crops

Three days after I captured this city, some of the Indians who lived here came to offer to make peace…I
received them… making them understand the purpose of my coming to this country, which is, in the
name of His Majesty… that they and all others in this province should become Christians.
Coronado’s Report to Viceroy Mendoza, 1540

45. According to the excerpt above, Coronado conquer this city in three days, this indicates?
a. He was seeking trade with the native people.
b. He wanted to convert his fellow explorers in the region to Christianity.
c. He was searching for a fortune in diamonds that were reported in the area.
d. He had superior weapons over the native population.