Questions & Answers On Measurement of Resistance

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Bridges Basics - Electrical

Measurements Questions and
Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes
This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Introduction of Bridges”.
1. A bridge circuit is used for the measurement of the

following components:
a) Resistance, capacitance and inductance
b) Diode, triode and thyristor
c) Transistor, thermistor and antenna
d) LED, op amp and transducer
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A bridge circuit is basically used for the
measurement of basic electronic components such as
resistance, capacitance and inductance.
2. A simple bridge circuit consists of a network of

__________
a) 3 resistance arms
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b) 2 resistance arms
c) 4 resistance arms
d) 6 resistance arms
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A simple bridge circuit is made of a network
consisting of 4 resistance arms. Usually a galvanometer is
connected between the ends of the opposite two junctions
in order to measure the flow of current.
3. What is applied to the two opposite junctions of a bridge

circuit.
a) source of voltage
b) source of current
c) source of power
d) source of impedance
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A current source is connected between the
two opposite junctions of a bridge circuit. Deflection of the
galvanometer in the circuit indicates the flow of current.
4. A bridge circuit uses which method of measurement ?

a) absolute
b) relative
c) differential
d) comparison
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A bridge circuit makes use of comparison
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measurement method.In this method the bridge compares

the value of an unknown component with a standard value
of a given component.
5. The principle on which a bridge circuit operates is

a) null indication
b) ampere’s rule
c) partial indication
d) kirchhoff’s laws
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A bridge circuit operates on the principle of null
indication. Based on the deflection of the galvanometer,
current flows between the two opposite junctions.
6. The accuracy of a bridge depends on the _________

a) null indicator
b) bridge components
c) current source
d) voltage source
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: As a bridge circuit compares the value of an
unknown component with the value of a standard, it’s
accuracy depends on the bridge components.
7. When is the bridge circuit balanced ?

a) When voltage is applied
b) When current flows through the opposite ends of the
bridge circuit
c) When no current flows through the galvanometer
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d) When impedance is minimum

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The bridge circuit is said to be balanced when
no current flows through the null indicator which is generally
a galvanometer.
8. Relationship at balance condition between the

component values of the four arms of a bridge is known as
a) full load condition
b) open circuit condition
c) short circuit condition
d) balancing condition
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: During balance condition or equilibrium there
exists a certain relationship between the component values
of the four arms of the bridge. This relationship is known as
the balancing condition or balancing equation.
9. D.C. bridges are used for _________

a) measurement of resistance
b) measurement of capacitance
c) measurement of current
d) measurement of inductance
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Resistance measurements are done by
making use of a suitable D.C. bridge.
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10. What is used to characterise single port devices,

multiport devices etc?
a) current values
b) impedance values
c) voltage values
d) power values
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Impedance values are used to characterize
one port devices, networks, multiport devices and other
systems.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.
To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.
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Bridge Circuits Advantages - Electrical Measur... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Bridge Circuits Advantages -

Electrical Measurements
Questions and Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

focuses on “Advantages of Bridge Circuits”.
1. What is the relation between the balance equation and

the magnitude of input voltage?
a) directly proportional
b) independent
c) inversely proportional
d) depends on the null indicator
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The input voltage does not appear in the
expression for the balance equation. Thus balance equation
is independent of the magnitude of input voltage.
2. Accuracy of bridge circuit depends on _________

a) component values
b) null detector
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c) voltage source
d) current source
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The accuracy of measurement of a bridge
circuit depends on the values of the components used in it.
Voltage source supplies dc bias to the circuit while the
detector is used for balance condition.
3. What happens to the balance condition, if the source and

detector are interchanged?
a) increases by a factor of 2
b) reduces to half
c) remains unchanged
d) independent of the type of source and detector
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The balance condition is independent of the
positions of the source and the detector. Source and
detector can be connected across any two sets of opposite
arms of the bridge.
4. The simplest type of bridge used for the measurement of

medium resistances is known as
a) Kelvin
b) Schering
c) Anderson
d) Wheatstone
View Answer
Answer: d
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Explanation: Wheatstone bridge is the simplest bridge that

is used for the measurement of medium resistances. Kelvin
bridge is used for the measurement of low resistance,
whereas Schering bridge is used for the measurement of
high voltages.
5. How is the measurement accuracy in a bridge circuit?

a) high
b) low
c) medium
d) inaccurate
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The measurement is done by comparing the
unknown value with a standard known value. Thus the
measurement accuracy is high in a bridge circuit.
6. The bridge circuit can be used in _________

a) high voltage circuits
b) low power circuits
c) control circuits
d) digital integrated circuits
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The bridge circuit is generally used in control
applications. Control systems make use of bridge circuits
for industrial applications.
7. Commonly used D.C. bridges are _________

a) Schering and Anderson
b) Maxwell inductance and capacitance
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c) DeSauty and Wagner

d) Wheatstone and Kelvin
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Wheatstone and Kelvin are the commonly
used bridges for the measurement of resistance. Wagner’s
and De Sauty’s bridges are used for shielding the circuit.
8. In control applications, one arm of the bridge circuit

contains a _________
a) capacitive element
b) resistive element
c) inductive element
d) impedance element
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: One of the arms of a bridge circuit in general
consists of a resistive element. Control systems employ
resistive elements for industrial applications.
9. What are the physical parameters that are to be

controlled when a bridge is used in control applications?
a) area and volume
b) mass and weight
c) pressure and temperature
d) current and voltage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In control applications, when one of the arms
of the bridge circuit consists of a resistance element,
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sensitive physical parameters such as pressure and

temperature are to be controlled.


Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 01:55
Wheatstone Bridge Balance Condition Question... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Wheatstone Bridge Balance

Condition Questions and Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

focuses on “Wheatstone Bridge Balance Condition”.
1. Wheatstone bridge consists of _________

a) 4 resistive arms
b) 2 resistive arms
c) 6 resistive arms
d) 8 resistive arms
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A Wheatstone bridge essentially consists of 4
resistive arms. The arms are such that two resistances
appear across each end.
2. A galvanometer is used as a _________

a) current source
b) voltage source
c) null detector
d) input impedance
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View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A galvanometer is used as a null detector to
detect the flow of current across the ends of the two
opposite junctions of the circuit. Voltage source is used for
providing the required dc supply to the bridge.
3. The opposite two ends of a Wheatstone bridge consist of

_________
a) voltage and current source
b) e.m.f and null detector
c) resistance and capacitance
d) inductance and impedance
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The two opposite ends of a Wheatstone bridge
circuit consists of a source of e.m.f and a null detector. Four
arms of a Wheatstone bridge consist of resistances.
Inductance and capacitance do not appear in a Wheatstone
bridge.
4. The arms consisting of the resistances R1 and R2 are

called _________
a) resistance arms
b) impedance arms
c) source arms
d) ratio arms
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The arms consisting of the two resistances R1
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and R2 are known as the resistance arms. Sources do not

appear on the arms of the bridge and they are connected
across opposite ends. Wheatstone bridge is purely resistive
in nature.
5. The arm consisting of the standard known resistance R3

is known as __________
a) standard arm
b) resistance arm
c) accurate arm
d) known arm
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The arm consisting of the standard known
resistance R3 is known as the standard arm. By making use
of this resistance value the unknown resistance can be
determined using the balance condition.
6. Resistance R4 is known as ________

a) standard resistance
b) unknown resistance to be measured
c) resistance arm
d) input resistance
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: R4 is the unknown resistance whose value has
to be found by comparison with a standard. R3 is known as
the standard resistance. Resistance arm comprises of four
resistances including R1, R2, R3, and R4.
7. What is connected between the two ends of a
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Wheatstone bridge?
a) current and voltage source
b) ammeter and voltmeter
c) battery and galvanometer
d) ohmmeter and wattmeter
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A battery is connected between the two ends
of the Wheatstone bridge while a galvanometer is
connected between the opposite two ends of the circuit.
Ammeter is connected in series with the circuit.
8. Wheatstone bridge works on the principle of ________

a) full deflection
b) partial deflection
c) no deflection
d) null deflection
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The Wheatstone bridge works on the principle
of null deflection. A galvanometer is usually used for
measuring the flow of current in the bridge circuit.
9. The balance condition of a Wheatstone bridge depends

on the
a) ratio of arms R1 and R1
b) ratio of arms R3 and R4
c) emf source and null detector
d) current source and power source
View Answer
4 of 5 3/19/18, 01:55
Answer: a
Explanation: The ratio of the arms R1 and R2 determines
the balance condition of a Wheatstone bridge. The balance
condition is given by the equation R4 = R3R1⁄R2.
10. Balance condition can be obtained by

a) varying the standard resistance R3
b) varying the resistance arms R1 and R2
c) keeping the unknown resistance R4 constant
d) by making use of a null detector
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The balance condition in a Wheatstone bridge
can be obtained by varying the resistances R1 and R2. Null
detector is used for determining balance condition.


Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 01:55
Wheatstone Bridge Sensitivity Questions and A... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Wheatstone Bridge Sensitivity

by Manish
3-4 minutes

focuses on “Sensitivity of Wheatstone Bridge”.
1. When bridge is balanced, what is the current flowing

through the galvanometer?
a) 0
b) depends on the ratio arms R1 and R2
c) varies by a factor of 2
d) depends on the type of null detector used
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Under bridge balance condition, no current
flows through the galvanometer. Current flow is
independent of the values of ratio arms R1 and R2.
2. Amount of deflection of the galvanometer depends on

_________
a) resistance of the ratio arms
b) sensitivity
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c) current flowing through the bridge

d) emf across the circuit
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The amount of deflection of the galvanometer
depends upon its sensitivity. Resistance of the ratio arms
does not affect the amount of deflection of the
galvanometer.
3. Sensitivity is defined as _________

a) amount of voltage per unit current
b) amount of power per unit voltage
c) amount of resistance per unit voltage
d) amount of deflection per unit current
View Answer
Answer: d Explanation: Sensitivity is expressed as
Thus sensitivity is defined as the

amount of deflection per unit current.
4. Sensitivity is expressed in
a) cm/A
b) m/mA
c) mm/µA
d) inch/nA
View Answer
Answer: c Explanation:
where, deflection is in mm and current

is in µA. So the unit of sensitivity is mm/ µA.
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5. What is the relation between the sensitivity and deflection

for a galvanometer?
b) inversely proportional
c) independant of each other
d) depends on the type of galvanometer used
View Answer
Answer: a Explanation:
Thus we see that sensitivity is directly

proportional to the deflection.
6. The voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer is given by
_________
a) Sv = e⁄θ
b) Sv = θ⁄e
c) Sv = 1⁄e
d) Sv = 1⁄θ
View Answer
Answer: b Explanation:
Voltage sensitivity is defined as

the amount of deflection per unit voltage and is given by the
relation Sv = θ⁄e.
7. Unit of voltage sensitivity is _________
a) volts per degrees
b) amps per ohms
c) degrees per volts
d) watts per amps
View Answer
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Answer: c Explanation:
So the unit of voltage sensitivity

is degrees per volts as deflection is measured in degrees
and voltage is in volts.
8. Bridge sensitivity is defined as
View Answer
Answer: d Explanation: The bridge sensitivity is defined as

the amount of deflection of the galvanometer per unit
fractional change in the unknown resistance.
Here ΔR/R denotes the fractional change in the

unknown resistance.
9. Maximum sensitivity occurs when
a) R3 ⁄ R4 = 1
b) R2 ⁄ R4 = 1
c) R1 ⁄ R2 = 1
d) R3 ⁄ R2 = 1
View Answer
Answer: a Explanation: Under a small unbalance condition,

the bridge sensitivity equation becomes
Here E is the emf of the circuit. For
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maximum bridge sensitivity, we get R3=R4.


Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 01:56
Electrical Measurements Assessment Questions ... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Assessment Questions -
Sanfoundry
by Manish
4-5 minutes
This set of Electrical Measurements Assessment Questions

and Answers focuses on “Measurement Errors in a
Wheatstone Bridge”.
1. The Wheatstone bridge is used for the measurement of

_________
a) 1ῼ to a few megaohms
b) 1kῼ to a few megaohms
c) 1Mῼ to a few gigaohms
d) 1mῼ to a few ohms
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A Wheatstone bridge is used for the
measurement of medium resistance in the range of 1ῼ to a
few megaohms. Kelvin bridge is used for the measurement
of low resistance.
2. The source of error in a Wheatstone bridge is due to

_________
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a) range of galvanometer used

b) type of the source of emf used
c) limiting errors of the three known resistances
d) balance condition
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The main source of error in a Wheatstone
bridge is because of the limiting errors of the three known
resistances. As a result very precise resistances are
required with 1 % tolerance.
3. What is the main source of error in a null detector?

a) lower current detection ability
b) insufficient sensitivity of the null detector
c) wiring resistance
d) power dissipation
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Resistance of contact wires and power
dissipation are some of the causes for error in a null
detector. But insufficient sensitivity is the major source of
error in a null detector such as a galvanometer.
4. When current passes through the resistances in the

Wheatstone bridge what happens?
a) voltage drop occurs
b) null detector burns
c) back emf is induced
d) temperature increases due to power dissipation
View Answer
2 of 5 3/19/18, 01:56
Answer: d
Explanation: Current flow through the resistances causes
power dissipation i.e. I2R leading to an increase in the
temperature. As the bridge consists of pure resistances,
there is no back e.m.f induced.
5. What is the effect of the increase in temperature on the

resistance elements?
b) independant
c) inversely proportional
d) changes by a factor of 10
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Temperature affects resistance of the circuit.
Resistance has a positive temperature coefficient and
increases linearly with rise in temperature.
6. Heating effect in the Wheatstone bridge can be avoided

by _________
a) using an expensive emf source
b) limiting current to a safe value
c) using heating sinks
d) immersing the setup in ice
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Heating effect can be eliminated by limiting the
current through the circuit to a safe value and by calculating
the power dissipation in the arms. Heat sinks are typically
used in power electronic applications.
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7. The main error when measuring low resistances is

_________
a) power dissipation of the arms
b) voltage drop across the emf source
c) lead and contact resistance
d) current flowing through the circuit
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Voltage drop across the circuit along with
power dissipation lead to errors in the measurement of low
resistances. The resistance of leads and contacts of the
external circuit adds to the values in the circuit. This is the
main source of error while measuring low resistances.
8. How is thermal emf generated?

a) when current flows
b) when voltage is applied
c) when the null detector is connected
d) when dissimilar metals come in contact
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When dissimilar metals come into contact with
each other in a galvanometer circuit, thermal emf is
generated. Null detector is used for detecting the balance
condition.
9. Thermal emf can be prevented by _________

a) using more sensitive galvanometers
b) using similar metals
c) by separating the dissimilar metals
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d) reducing the supply emf

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Thermal emf can be eliminated by making use
of sensitive galvanometers consisting of copper coils and
copper suspension systems. Dissimilar metals can’t be
physically separated.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements

Assessment Questions, here is complete set of 1000+
Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 01:56
Wheatstone Bridge Applications Questions and ... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Wheatstone Bridge Applications

by Manish
4-5 minutes

focuses on “Applications of Wheatstone Bridge”.
1. Wheatstone bridge is a __________

a) a.c. bridge
b) d.c. bridge
c) high voltage bridge
d) power dissipation bridge
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Wheatstone bridge is a d.c. bridge that is
used for the measurement of medium resistance. Schering
bridge is used for measurement of high voltages. AC
bridges comprise of Anderson bridge, Maxwell Bridge etc.
2. Wheatstone bridge is used to measure resistance in the

range of ________
a) 1Ω to a few megaohms
b) 10kΩ to a few megaohms
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c) 100MΩ to a few gegaohms

d) 100Ω to a few teraohms
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Wheatstone bridge is the simplest form of
bridge circuit. It is basically used for the measurement of
medium resistances in the range of 1Ω to a few megaohms.
3. Wheatstone bridge is used to measure the d.c.

resistance of various types of wires for
a) determining their effective resistance
b) computing the power dissipation
c) quality control of wire
d) maintaining a source of constant e.m.f
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Wheatstone bridge is used to measure the d.c.
resistance of various types of wires for controlling the
quality of the wires. Voltage source maintains a constant
e.m.f in the bridge circuit.
4. Telephone companies make use of the Wheatstone

bridge for _________
a) measuring the telephone resistance
b) computing the line strength
c) maintaining dialtone
d) locating the cable faults
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Cable faults in telephones can be located by
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telephone companies by making use of a Wheatstone

bridge. Telephonic resistances are determined using
suitable techniques. Dialtone is maintained through optical
fibre technology.
5. The types of faults in a telephone line are ________

a) line to line or line to ground
b) triple line to line or line to ground
c) open circuit and short circuit
d) symmetrical and unsymmetrical
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a telephone line, line to line and line to
ground faults occur. Symmetrical, unsymmetrical, open
circuit, short circuit, triple line to line and line to ground
faults occur in power systems.
6. How can a Wheatstone bridge be used for the

measurement of physical parameters?
a) in conjunction with a rectifier
b) along with an op amp
c) by connecting it to a thermistor
d) by making use of a transducer
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A Wheatstone bridge can be used for the
measurement of physical parameters such as temperature,
strain, light, etc by making use of an operational amplifier.
Rectifier circuits are used for conversion of ac to dc.
7. By using the variations on a Wheatstone bridge we can
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a) measure quantities such as voltage, current and power

b) measure high resistance values
c) measure quantities such as complex power
d) measure quantities such as capacitance, inductance and
impedance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In its simplest form a Whetstone bridge
consists of resistive arms. A Wheatstone bridge is used for
the measurement of quantities such as capacitance,
inductance and impedance by making use of the variations.
8. One of the simplest applications of a Wheatstone bridge

is ________
a) voltage measurement
b) current measurement
c) light measurement
d) power measurement
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Wheatstone bridge consists of simple
resistances in the ratio arms. One of the simplest
applications of a Wheatstone bridge is the measurement of
light by making use of a photoresistive device.
9. Thermal compensation can be provided in a Wheatstone

bridge by ________
a) using more than one resistive sensor
b) making use of a heat sink
c) using cooling fans
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d) immersing the circuit into a liquid

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: By making use of more than one resistive
sensor within the four arms of a Wheatstone bridge we get
a full bridge, half bridge or a quarter bridge setup with
automatic balancing effect.


Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 01:56
Wheatstone Bridge Limitations Questions and ... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Wheatstone Bridge Limitations

by Manish
4-5 minutes

focuses on “Limitations of Wheatstone Bridge”.
1. Wheatstone bridge can’t be used for measurement of

a) high resistance
b) medium resistance
c) low resistance
d) accurate resistance
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Wheatstone bridge can be used for the
measurement of medium resistances only. Kelvin bridge is
used for the measurement of medium resistances.
2. Cost of maintenance of Wheatstone bridge is _________

a) low
b) high
c) depends on the components
d) depends on the source e.m.f
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View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: As the resistance must have a tolerance of
upto 1%, cost of maintenance of the Wheatstone bridge
circuit is expensive. Voltage source does not add to the
cost of maintenance of a Wheatstone bridge as it is uniform
for all bridge circuits.
3. What is the effect of galvanometer on measurement of

high resistance?
a) no effect
b) depends on the e.m.f source
c) galvanometer becomes insensitive to imbalance
d) depends on the type of galvanometer used
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: If the Wheatstone bridge is used for the
measurement of high resistance, the galvanometer
becomes insensitive and does not detect any imbalance.
4. What is the effect of heat on the resistances in a

Wheatstone bridge?
a) no effect
b) increases the voltage drop across the circuit
c) decreases the current flowing through the circuit
d) causes a permanent change in the resistance values
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: As the current flowing through the Wheatstone
bridge circuit increases, the temperature of the resistance
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increases. As a result the resistance values are changed

permanently.
5. Effect of high dc on Wheatstone bridge.

a) no effect
b) not susceptible
c) burns the circuit
d) increases the temperature
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A Wheatstone bridge is not susceptible to the
flow of high dc current. A Wheatstone bridge in simplest
form is used for the measurement of resistance with values
in the medium resistance range.
6. A Wheatstone bridge may not give accurate readings if

_________
a) it is not balanced
b) it is balanced
c) the voltage drop across the circuit is maximum
d) excessive current flows through the circuit
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A Wheatstone bridge circuit may give
inaccurate measurement of resistance if it is not balanced
properly. Current flow through a Wheatstone bridge circuit
is fixed as the e.m.f source magnitude is constant.
7. What is the effect of lead wires on the Wheatstone

bridge?
a) no effect
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b) stabilizes the system

c) desensitizes the system
d) increases the resistance of the circuit
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The lead wires connecting the resistance arms
of a Wheatstone bridge add to the existing values of
resistances across the ratio arms. As a result the net value
of resistance changes, thus destabilizing the system.
8. Why a Wheatstone bridge can’t be used for signal

conditioning?
a) due to the galvanometer
b) due to excessive current flow
c) due to the e.m.f source used
d) due to lead wires
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Lead wires add to the resistance of the arms
of the Wheatstone bridge. As a result the bridge circuit is
destabilized and can’t be be used for signal conditioning.
9. How to minimize the drift in the value of resistance

measured using a Wheatstone bridge?
a) by using a high precision null detector
b) by keeping the lead wire resistances within 0.2 mΩ
c) by using a e.m.f source of minimum value
d) by minimizing the flow of current
View Answer
Answer: b
4 of 5 3/19/18, 01:56
Explanation: The drift in the measured value of resistance

in a Wheatstone bridge can be minimized by maintaining
the lead wire resistances within 0.2 mΩ. As a result the
effect of lead wire resistance gets removed in the output
value of the bridge circuit.


Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 01:56
Low Resistance Measurement - Electrical Meas... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Low Resistance Measurement -

by Manish
4-5 minutes

focuses on “Measurement of Low Resistance”.
1. Low resistance refers to _________

a) resistances of the order of 1ῼ
b) resistances of the order of 1kῼ
c) resistances of the order of 1mῼ
d) resistances of the order of 1Mῼ
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Low resistance refers to resistances of the
order of 1ῼ or less than that. Medium resistances range
from above 1ῼ to a few kῼ. Any resistance value greater
than a few kῼ is known as a high resistance.
2. What is the significance of measuring low resistances?

a) voltage drop across the circuit is high
b) contact and lead resistances are appreciable
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c) there is no power loss

d) no current flows through the bridge circuit
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When measuring low resistances of the order
of 1 ῼ or even less, lead and contact resistances of the
order of even 0.002 ῼ cannot be neglected. High currents
flow through low resistance circuits.
3. Fig 15.1 represents
a) construction of medium resistance

b) construction of high resistance
c) construction of low resistance
d) construction of very low resistance
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Fig 15.1, illustrates the construction of low
resistance. A is an ammeter used to measure current
through the circuit, while V is the voltmeter used to measure
voltage.
4. How is the voltage drop across a low resistance related
2 of 6 3/19/18, 01:56
to lead resistance?
a) it contains contact resistance
b) it depends on the magnitude of voltage drop
c) it depends on the type of null detector used
d) It does not contain any contact resistance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The voltage drop measured across a low
resistance does not contain any contact and lead
resistances of the components and is independent of it.
5. Which is not a source of error in the measurement of low

resistance?
a) contact resistance drops at the leads
b) thermal e.m.f
c) temperature effect
d) power dissipation through the circuit
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: As the current flowing through a low resistance
circuit is low, the voltage drop across the terminals due to
contact and lead resistances is negligible. Thermal e.m.f
occurs in a circuit when its temperature increases due to
high current flow.
6. Which is the most popular method for measuring low

resistance?
a) ammeter-voltmeter method
b) potentiometer method
c) kelvin double bridge method
3 of 6 3/19/18, 01:56
d) ducter ohmmeter method

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Kelvin’s double bridge is used for the
measurement of low resistances of the order of 1ῼ or less.
Ammeter voltmeter method is used for the measurement of
current flowing through and the voltage across the circuit.
7. How is the contact resistance related to the circuit while

measuring a low resistance?
a) independant of the type of the resistance
b) it is negligible
c) depends on the e.m.f source
d) it is very high
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The contact and lead resistances form a part
of the circuit whose resistance is very high. As a result the
contact and lead resistances are usually neglected
compared to the high resistance value.
8. In fig 15.1, the terminals aa’ are used for
4 of 6 3/19/18, 01:56
a) measuring the current flow through the circuit

b) measuring the power dissipation of the circuit
c) measuring the resistance of the circuit
d) measuring the voltage drop across the resistance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The terminals aa’ are used for the
measurement of the voltage drop across the resistance R.
An voltmeter V is connected across the terminals aa’.
9. In the below figure, the value of I is _________
a) I = IV + Ir
b) I = IV – Ir
c) I = IV Ir
d) I = IV ⁄ Ir
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: By applying Kirchhoff’s current law at the node
N from fig we get,
I = IV + I r
where,
I is the total series current flowing through the circuit
Iv is the current flowing through the voltmeter
5 of 6 3/19/18, 01:56
Ir is the current flowing through the resistance R.


Answers.
6 of 6 3/19/18, 01:56
Kelvin Bridge - Electrical Measurements Questi... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Kelvin Bridge - Electrical

Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

focuses on “Kelvin Bridge”.
1. Kelvin’s bridge consists of _________

a) double bridge
b) single bridge
c) half bridge
d) three fourth bridge
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Kelvin’s bridge consists of two additional arms
compared to a Wheatstone bridge. Hence it is also known
as a double bridge.
2. The range of resistance measured in a Kelvin bridge is

_________
a) 10Ω to 10 mΩ
b) 1Ω to 10 µΩ
1 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
c) 0.01Ω to 10 MΩ
d) 0.1Ω to 10 nΩ
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Kelvin bridge is used for the measurement of
low resistances. Low resistances vary in the range of 1Ω to
10 µΩ.
3. Accuracy of Kelvin bridge is of the order of _________

a) ±0.5 to ±2 %
b) ±0.05 to ±0.02 %
c) ±0.05 to ±0.2 %
d) ±0.005 to ±0.02 %
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: As Kelvin bridge is used for the measurement
of low resistance values, the accuracy of measurement of
low resistances in a Kelvin bridge is of the order of ±0.05 to
±0.2 %.
4. The balance equation of Kelvin bridge is
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The balance equation in a Kelvin bridge is
2 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
given by the relation Rx = R1R3⁄R2.

where,
R1, R2, R3, and Rx form the ratio arms
Rx is the value of the unknown resistance.
5. What is the effect of load and contact resistance in Kelvin

bridge?
a) independent
b) fully dependent
c) partially dependent
d) depends on the resistance value
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Effect of contact and lead resistances are
completely eliminated in a Kelvin bridge as they don’t
appear in the balance equation. Hence the Kelvin bridge is
independent of the load and contact resistances.
6. The relation between ratio of resistance arms and ratio of

resistance arms of second bridge is
a) unequal
b) equal
c) twice
d) one forth
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The relation between the ratio of the
resistances of resistance arm and second resistance arm is
equal for balance condition.
3 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
7. Why Kelvin bridge is used for measurement of low

resistance?
a) due to e.m.f source used
b) due to a large current flow
c) due to contact and lead resistance
d) due to power dissipation across the circuit
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: While measuring very low resistances the
contact and lead resistances cause significant errors in the
value of the measured resistance. As a result Kelvin bridge
is used for measurement of low resistances.
8. What is the condition to achieve a high sensitivity in a

Kelvin bridge?
a) low voltage
b) high power
c) medium resistance
d) high current
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The condition to achieve a high sensitivity in a
Kelvin bridge is that the measuring current should be high
enough so as to sensitize the null detector.
9. Kelvin bridge can be calibrated to read

a) inductance and Quality factor value
b) capacitance only
c) power and voltage
d) current and frequency
4 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In its basic form a Kelvin bridge is used for the
measurement of low resistance. A Kelvin bridge can be
used for the measurement of inductance and Quality factor
value through calibration.
10. Why can’t a Kelvin bridge be used for the measurement

of low Quality factor value?
a) due to thermoelectric effect
b) due to balance problem
c) due to the dull detector used
d) due to temperature
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A Kelvin bridge can be used for the
measurement of high Quality factor values. Due to bridge
imbalance problem, Kelvin bridge can’t be used for
measuring low Quality factor values.


Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
Megger - Electrical Measurements Questions a... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Megger - Electrical Measurements

by Manish
4 minutes

focuses on “Megger”.
1. High resistances are of the order of __________

a) 0.1 Mῼ
b) 10 mῼ
c) 1 kῼ
d) 10 Gῼ
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Resistances of the order of 0.1 Mῼ and above
are known as high resistances. Resistance values upto 1 ῼ
are known as low resistances. Resistances upto a few kῼ
are known as medium resistances.
2. Megger is a ________
a) source of e.m.f
b) source to measure high resistance
c) type of a null detector
1 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
d) current carrier
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Megger is a portable instrument to measure
high resistances.
3. Megger is also used for ________

a) providing additional e.m.f
b) bridge balance
c) testing insulation resistance
d) controlling the temperature
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A null detector is used to balance the bridge.
Additional e.m.f can be provided to a circuit by increasing
the magnitude of the voltage source. Megger is used for
testing the insulation resistance of cables.
4. Megger works on the principle of ________

a) kirchhoff’s current laws
b) ohm’s law
c) gauss’s law
d) electromagnetic induction
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Ohm’s law is applicable to only purely resistive
circuits which are based on linearity principle. Megger
basically works on the principle of electromagnetic
induction.
2 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
5. The role of the permanent magnet in a megger is to

________
a) provide field
b) provide voltage
c) generate power
d) balance the circuit
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Voltage can be provided by means of an e.m.f
source. Power generation occurs when current flows
through a circuit. Permanent magnet in a megger is used to
provide field for the generator as well as the ohmmeter.
6. A guard ring is provided in a megger to ________

a) protect the circuit
b) eliminate error
c) reduce current flow
d) limit the temperature rise
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Temperature rise can be prevented by
reducing the flow of excessive current through the circuit.
The role of a guard ring in a megger is to reduce the errors
due to leakage current.
7. The supply to the megger is given by ________

a) ac motor
b) ac generator
c) permanent magnet dc motor
d) dc generator
3 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Megger works on the principle of
electromagnetic induction. Supply can be given through a
dc motor. A permanent magnet dc motor driven by hand is
used as a source of supply to the megger.
8. The moving element of the ohmmeter in a megger

consists of ________
a) 1 coil
b) 4 coils
c) 3 coils
d) 10 coils
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The moving element of an ohmmeter in a
megger consists of three coils, namely current or deflection
coil, pressure or control coil and compensating coil.
9. The role of the compensating coil in a megger is

________
a) reduce current
b) increase voltage
c) control temperature
d) scaling
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Temperature is controlled by minimising the
flow of current through the circuit. Better scaling proportions
can be achieved in a megger by making use of a
4 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
compensating coil.


Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
Megger Applications - Electrical Measurements... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
sanfoundry.com
Megger Applications - Electrical

Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

focuses on “Applications of Megger”.
1. Why is the scale of a megger calibrated in megaohms?

a) to indicate resistance
b) to minimise the current flow
c) to increase the voltage drop
d) to reduce the temperature
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Current flow through the circuit depends on
the magnitude of the e.m.f source. In order to indicate the
resistance value indicated by the pointer, the scale of a
megger is calibrated.
2. Megger can be used for verifying the electrical insulation

level of
a) passive components such as resistance, capacitor and
1 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
inductance
b) devices such as motor, cable, etc
c) solid state devices
d) liquid crystal devices
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Solid state devices consist of power electronic
components and drives. One of the applications of a
Megger circuit is in verifying the electrical insulation levels
of devices such as motor, cable, generator, etc.
3. Continuity between any two points can be measured

using
a) ammeter
b) voltmeter
c) megger
d) galvanometer
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A galvanometer is used for detecting the
balance condition in a bridge circuit. An ammeter measures
the current flow through the circuit while the voltmeter is
used for determining the voltage across the bridge circuit. A
megger circuit can be used to determine the continuity
between any two points.
4. Electrical continuity between any two points exists if

a) there is current flow through them
b) there is a wire connecting the points
c) there is sufficient voltage drop
2 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
d) pointer shows deflection

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Voltage drop across the circuit is measured by
using a voltmeter. When the pointer displays full deflection,
then there is an electrical continuity between the two points.
5. Megger is also known as _________

a) megaohmmeter
b) multimeter
c) galvanometer
d) ammeter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A galvanometer is used to detect the balance
condition. A multimeter can be used for measurement of
voltage, current, resistance and power. A megger is also
known as a megaohmmeter as it is used for the
measurement of resistances in the order of Mῼ.
6. The application of a megger is _________

a) to measure resistance
b) to test for leakage
c) to limit the current
d) to increase the emf of the circuit
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Current flow through a circuit depends on the
magnitude of the voltage source. Magnitude of the voltage
source can be increased. A megger is mainly used for
3 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
testing electrical leakages in wires.
7. What is the significance of a megger with respect to high

resistance?
a) it is used to limit the current
b) it is used to provide stability
c) used for measuring high resistance with respect to
ground
d) it is used for temperature protection
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Temperature protection can be provided to a
bridge circuit by making use of heat sinks. Megger is used
for determining very high resistances between the
conducting part of a circuit and ground.
8. How is the megger calibrated?

a) in steps of 1 unit per division
b) based on the value of resistance to be measured
c) directly calibrated on the position of the pointer
d) reversely calibrated based on the pointer position
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The scale in a megger is calibrated such that
normal position of a pointer indicates infinity while full scale
corresponds to zero resistance.

4 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57

Answers.
5 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
Electrical Measurements Aptitude Test - Sanfoundry about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Electrical Measurements Aptitude

Test - Sanfoundry
by Manish
4-5 minutes
This set of Electrical Measurements Questions and

Answers for Aptitude test focuses on “Measurement of
Earth Resistance”.
1. What is earthing?
a) connecting electrical machines to earth
b) providing a connection to the ground
c) connecting the electrical machines to source
d) providing a source of current
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Connecting electrical machines to the general
mass of the earth by making use of a conducting material
with very low resistance is known as earthing.
2. What is an earth electrode?

a) electrode that is connected to earth
b) material used for earthing
c) electrode connected to the circuit
d) electrode which is connected to the mains
1 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Electrode connected to the main is basically a
source of e.m.f. Conducting material that is used for
connecting electrical machinery to the earth is known as an
earth electrode.
3. Earth electrode provides ____________

a) high resistance
b) medium resistance
c) low resistance
d) very high resistance
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In the case of occurrence of any leakage
currents due to poor shielding of the apparatus, the earth
electrode is used to provide a very low resistance path from
the electrical appliances to the earth.
4. How is the condition of an earth electrode measured?

a) by measuring the voltage
b) by measuring the current
c) by measuring the power
d) by measuring resistance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The resistance of the earth electrode is
measured in order to check whether it is in a good condition
or not.
2 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
5. In a three phase system, the neutral is _________

a) earthed
b) connected to low voltage
c) connected to high voltage
d) not connected
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Earthing can be used to maintain a constant
line voltage in a three phase system. This is achieved by
earthing the neutral.
6. Earthing is used as return conductor in telephone lines

and for traction work.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The complications involved in laying separate
telephone cables and the cast used for traction work is
minimised. As a result earthing is used as a return
conductor in telephone lines and for traction work.
7. Earthing does not help in protecting the equipment.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Spike voltages occurring as a result of
lightning or any other fault can be dissipated to ground by
earthing, thus protecting the equipment.
3 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
8. After earthing, the different parts of an electrical

machinery are at _________
a) infinite potential
b) intermediate potential
c) zero potential
d) undefined potential
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: After earthing, the various parts of electrical
machinery such as casing, armouring of cables, etc are at
zero potential.
9. Connection of the various parts of a circuit to earth has a

a) medium resistance
b) high resistance
c) very high resistance
d) very low resistance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Once an electrical apparatus is grounded,
most of its components are at ground potential. When the
different parts of an electrical machinery are connected to
ground, they possess very low resistance.
10. Specific resistance of soil is _________

a) changes from soil to soil
b) is constant
c) depends on the circuit connected to it
d) depends on the supply voltage
View Answer
4 of 5 3/19/18, 01:57
Answer: a
Explanation: Specific resistance depends on the nature and
properties of a material. Specific resistance is different for
various types of soils such as dry soil, rocky soil, wet soil,
etc.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements for

Aptitude test, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice
Questions and Answers.
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Questions & Answers On Measurement of Resistance

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Bridges Basics - Electrical Measurements Quest... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...

Bridges Basics - Electrical

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

1. A bridge circuit is used for the measurement of the

2. A simple bridge circuit consists of a network of

3. What is applied to the two opposite junctions of a bridge

4. A bridge circuit uses which method of measurement ?

measurement method.In this method the bridge compares

5. The principle on which a bridge circuit operates is

6. The accuracy of a bridge depends on the _________

7. When is the bridge circuit balanced ?

d) When impedance is minimum

8. Relationship at balance condition between the

9. D.C. bridges are used for _________

10. What is used to characterise single port devices,

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

Bridge Circuits Advantages -

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

1. What is the relation between the balance equation and

2. Accuracy of bridge circuit depends on _________

3. What happens to the balance condition, if the source and

4. The simplest type of bridge used for the measurement of

Explanation: Wheatstone bridge is the simplest bridge that

5. How is the measurement accuracy in a bridge circuit?

6. The bridge circuit can be used in _________

7. Commonly used D.C. bridges are _________

c) DeSauty and Wagner

8. In control applications, one arm of the bridge circuit

9. What are the physical parameters that are to be

sensitive physical parameters such as pressure and

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

Wheatstone Bridge Balance

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

1. Wheatstone bridge consists of _________

2. A galvanometer is used as a _________

3. The opposite two ends of a Wheatstone bridge consist of

4. The arms consisting of the resistances R1 and R2 are

and R2 are known as the resistance arms. Sources do not

5. The arm consisting of the standard known resistance R3

6. Resistance R4 is known as ________

7. What is connected between the two ends of a

8. Wheatstone bridge works on the principle of ________

9. The balance condition of a Wheatstone bridge depends

10. Balance condition can be obtained by

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

Wheatstone Bridge Sensitivity

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

1. When bridge is balanced, what is the current flowing

2. Amount of deflection of the galvanometer depends on

c) current flowing through the bridge

3. Sensitivity is defined as _________

Answer: d Explanation: Sensitivity is expressed as

Thus sensitivity is defined as the

where, deflection is in mm and current

5. What is the relation between the sensitivity and deflection

Thus we see that sensitivity is directly

Voltage sensitivity is defined as

So the unit of voltage sensitivity

Answer: d Explanation: The bridge sensitivity is defined as

Here ΔR/R denotes the fractional change in the