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Properties
The order of differential equation is equal to the number of arbitrary constants in the given relation.
The differential equation is consistent with the relation.
Example
Solution
Hide Click here to show or hide the solution y=c1e−3x+c2e2xy=c1e−3x+c2e2x → equation (1)
y′=−3c1e−3x+2c2e2xy′=−3c1e−3x+2c2e2x → equation (2)
Note: The methods of elimination vary with the way in which the constants enter the given relation.
Problem 01
x3−3x2y=cx3−3x2y=c
Solution 01
Hide Click here to show or hide the solution
x3−3x2y=cx3−3x2y=c
Divide by 3x
Problem 02
ysinx−xy2=cysinx−xy2=c
Solution 02
(ycosx dx+sinx dy)−(2xy dy+y2 dx)=0(ycosx dx+sinx dy)−(2xy dy+y2 dx)=0 ycosx dx+sinx dy−2xy
dy−y2 dx=0ycosx dx+sinx dy−2xy dy−y2 dx=0 (ycosx dx−y2 dx)+(sinx dy−2xy dy)=0(ycosx dx−y2
dx)+(sinx dy−2xy dy)=0 y(cosx−y) dx+(sinx−2xy) dy=0y(cosx−y) dx+(sinx−2xy) dy=0 answer
55 minutes ago
Aubrey Tolentino
Problem 03
x2y=1+cxx2y=1+cx
Solution 03
Divide by dx
Multiply by dx
54 minutes ago
Aubrey Tolentino
Problem 04
cy2=x2+ycy2=x2+y
Problem 04
Problem 5
x=Asin(ωt+B)x=Asin(ωt+B).
Solution 5
dxdt=ωAcos(ωt+B)dxdt=ωAcos(ωt+B)
d2xdt2=−ω2Asin(ωt+B)d2xdt2=−ω2Asin(ωt+B)
d2xdt2=−ω2xd2xdt2=−ω2x
d2xdt2+ω2x=0d2xdt2+ω2x=0 answer
Problem 6
x=c1cosωt+c2sinωtx=c1cosωt+c2sinωt
Solution 6
dxdt=−ωc1sinωt+ωc2cosωtdxdt=−ωc1sinωt+ωc2cosωt
d2xdt2=−ω2c1cosωt−ω2c2sinωtd2xdt2=−ω2c1cosωt−ω2c2sinωt
d2xdt2=−ω2(c1cosωt+c2sinωt)d2xdt2=−ω2(c1cosωt+c2sinωt)
d2xdt2=−ω2xd2xdt2=−ω2x
d2xdt2+ω2x=0d2xdt2+ω2x=0 answer
where MM and NN may be functions of both xx and yy. If the above equation can be transformed
into the form
where f(x)f(x) is a function of xx alone and f(y)f(y) is a function of yy alone, equation (1) is called
variables separable.
To find the general solution of equation (1), simply equate the integral of equation (2) to a constant
cc. Thus, the general solution is
∫f(x)dx+∫f(y)dy=c
Problem 01
Solution 01
drdt=−4rtdrdt=−4rt
drr=−4tdtdrr=−4tdt
∫drr=−4∫tdt∫drr=−4∫tdt
lnr=−2t2+lnclnr=−2t2+lnc
lnr=lne−2t2+lnclnr=-lne−2t2+lnc
lnr=lnce−2t2lnr=lnce−2t2
r=ce−2t2r=ce−2t2
ro=ce−2(02)ro=ce−2(02)
c=roc=ro
then,
r=roe−2t2r=roe−2t2
r=roexp(−2t2)r=roexp(−2t2) answer
Problem 02
2xyy′=1+y22xyy′=1+y2, when x=2x=2, y=3y=3.
Solution 2
2xyy′=1+y22xyy′=1+y2
2xydydx=1+y22xydydx=-1+y2
2ydy1+y2=dxx2ydy1+y2-=dxx
∫2ydy1+y2=∫dxx∫2ydy1+y2=∫dxx
ln(1+y2)=lnx+lncln(-1+y2)=lnx+lnc
ln(1+y2)=lncxln(1+y-2)=lncx
1+y2=cx1+y2=cx
1+32=2c1+32=2c
c=5c=5
then,
1+y2=5x1+y2=5x
y2=5x−1y2=5x−1
y=5x−1−−−−−√y=5x−1 answer
Problem 03
Solution 03
Hide Click here to show or hide the solution
xyy′=1+y2xyy′=1+y2
xydydx=1+y2xydydx=1+-y2
ydy1+y2=dxxydy1+y2=d-xx
12∫2ydy1+y2=∫dxx12∫2ydy1+y2=∫dxx
12ln(1+y2)=lnx+12lnc-12ln(1+y2)=lnx+12l-nc
ln(1+y2)=2lnx+lncln-(1+y2)=2lnx+lnc
ln(1+y2)=lnx2+lncln-(1+y2)=lnx2+lnc
ln(1+y2)=lncx2ln(1+-y2)=lncx2
1+y2=cx21+y2=cx2
1+32=c(22)1+32=c(22)
c=104=52c=104=52
then,
1+y2=52x21+y2=52x2
y2=52x2−1y2=52x2−1
y2=5x2−22y2=5x2−22
y=5x2−22−−−−−−−√y=5x2−22
y=5x2−22⋅ 22−−−−−−−−−−√y=5x2−22⋅ 22
y=10x2−44−−−−−−−−√y=10x2−44
y=1210x2−4−−−−−−−√y=1210x2−4 answer
Problem 04
2ydx=3xdy2ydx=3xdy
2ydxxy=3xdyxy2ydxxy=-3xdyxy
2dxx=3dyy2dxx=3dyy
2∫dxx=3∫dyy2∫dxx=3∫dyy
2lnx=3lny+lnc2lnx=3-lny+lnc
2lnx−3lny=lnc2lnx−3lny=lnc
lnx2−lny3=lnclnx2−lny3=lnc
lnx2y3=lnclnx2y3=ln-c
Therefore,
x2y3=cx2y3=c
when x = 2, y = 1
2213=c2213=c
c=4c=4
Thus,
x2y3=4x2y3=4
y3=x24y3=x24
y=(x2)2−−−−−√3y=(x2)23
y=(x/2)2/3y=(x/2)2/-3 answer
is homogeneous in x and y if M and N are homogeneous functions of the same degree in x and y.
y=vxanddy=vdx+xdvy=v-xanddy=vdx+xdv
or
x=vyanddx=vdy+ydvx=v-yanddx=vdy+ydv
Problem 01
3(3x2+y2)dx−2xydy=03(3x2+y2)dx−2xydy=0
Solution 01
3(3x2+y2)dx−2xydy=03(3x2+y2)dx−2xydy=0
Let
y=vxy=vx
dy=vdx+xdvdy=vdx+xdv
Substitute,
3(3x2+v2x2)dx−2vx2(vdx+xdv)=03(3x2+v2x2)dx−2vx2(vdx+xdv)=0
3(3+v2)x2dx−2vx2(vdx+xdv)=03(3+v2)x2dx−2vx2(vdx+xdv)=0
Divide by x2,
3(3+v2)dx−2v(vdx+xdv)=03(3+v2)dx−2v(vdx+xdv)=0
9dx+3v2dx−2v2dx−2vxdv=09dx+3v2dx−2v2dx−2vxdv=0
9dx+v2dx−2vxdv=09dx+v2dx−2vxdv=0
(9+v2)dx−2vxdv=0(9+v2)dx−2vxdv=0
(9+v2)dxx(9+v2)−2vxdvx(9+v2)=0(9+v2)dxx(9+v2)−2vxdvx(9+v2)=0
dxx−2vdv9+v2=0dxx−2vdv9+v2=0
∫dxx−∫2vdv9+v2=0∫dxx−∫2vdv9+v2=0
lnx−ln(9+v2)=lnclnx−ln(9+v2)=lnc
lnx9+v2=lnclnx9+v2=-lnc
x9+v2=cx9+v2=c
x=c(9+v2)x=c(9+v2)
From
y=vxy=vx
v=yxv=yx
Thus,
x=c(9+y2x2)x=c(9+y2x-2)
x=c(9x2+y2x2)x=c(9x2-+y2x2)
x3=c(9x2+y2)x3=c(9x2-+y2) answer
Problem 02
(x−2y)dx+(2x+y)dy=0(x−2y)dx+(2x+y)dy=0
Solution 02
(x−2y)dx+(2x+y)dy=0(x−2y)dx+(2x+y)dy=0
Let
y=vxy=vx
dy=vdx+xdvdy=vdx+xdv
Substitute,
(x−2vx)dx+(2x+vx)(vdx+xdv)=0(x−2vx)dx+(2x+vx)(vdx+xdv)=0
xdx−2vxdx+2vxdx+2x2dv+v2xdx+vx2dv=0xdx−2vxdx+2vxdx+2x2dv+v2xdx+vx2dv=0
xdx+2x2dv+v2xdx+vx2d-v=0xdx+2x2dv+v2xdx+v-x2dv=0
(xdx+v2xdx)+(2x2dv+v-x2dv)=0(xdx+v2xdx)+(-2x2dv+vx2dv)=0
x(1+v2)dx+x2(2+v)dv=-0x(1+v2)dx+x2(2+v)dv-=0
x(1+v2)dxx2(1+v2)+x2-(2+v)dvx2(1+v2)=0x(1-+v2)dxx2(1+v2)+x2(2+-v)dvx2(1+v2)=0
dxx+(2+v)dv1+v2=0dxx-+(2+v)dv1+v2=0
∫dxx+∫(21+v2+v1+v2)dv=0∫dxx+∫(21+v2+v1+v2)dv=0
∫dxx+2∫dv1+v2+12∫2vdv1+v2=0∫dxx+2∫dv1+v2+12∫2vdv1+v2=0
lnx+2arctanv+12ln(1+-v2)=12clnx+2arctan-v+12ln(1+v2)=12c
2lnx+4arctanv+ln(1+v-2)=c2lnx+4arctanv+-ln(1+v2)=c
lnx2+4arctanv+ln(1+v-2)=clnx2+4arctanv+-ln(1+v2)=c
ln[x2(1+v2)]+4arctan-v=cln[x2(1+v2)]+4ar-ctanv=c
From
y=vxy=vx
v=yxv=yx
ln[x2(1+y2x2)]+4arct-anyx=cln[x2(1+y2x2)-]+4arctanyx=c
ln(x2+y2)+4arctan(y/-x)=cln(x2+y2)+4arcta-n(y/x)=c answer
Problem 03
2(2x2+y2)dx−xydy=02(2x2+y2)dx−xydy=0
Solution 03
2(2x2+y2)dx−xydy=02(2x2+y2)dx−xydy=0
Let
y=vxy=vx
dy=vdx+xdvdy=vdx+xdv
2(2x2+v2x2)dx−vx2(vdx+xdv)=02(2x2+v2x2)dx−vx2(vdx+xdv)=0
4x2dx+2v2x2dx−v2x2dx−vx3dv=04x2dx+2v2x2dx−v2x2dx−vx3dv=0
4x2dx+v2x2dx−vx3dv=04x2dx+v2x2dx−vx3dv=0
x2(4+v2)dx−vx3dv=0x2(4+v2)dx−vx3dv=0
x2(4+v2)dxx3(4+v2)−vx3dvx3(4+v2)=0x2(4+v2)dxx3(4+v2)−vx3dvx3(4+v2)=0
dxx−vdv4+v2=0dxx−vdv4+v2=0
∫dxx−12∫2vdv4+v2=0∫dxx−12∫2vdv4+v2=0
lnx−12ln(4+v2)=lnclnx−12ln(4+v2)=lnc
2lnx−ln(4+v2)=2lnc2lnx−ln(4+v2)=2lnc
lnx2−ln(4+v2)=lnc2lnx2−ln(4+v2)=lnc2
lnx2=lnc2+ln(4+v2)ln-x2=lnc2+ln(4+v2)
lnx2=lnc2(4+v2)lnx2-=lnc2(4+v2)
x2=c2(4+v2)x2=c2(4+v-2)
From
y=vxy=vx
v=yxv=yx
Thus,
x2=c2(4+y2x2)x2=c2(4-+y2x2)
x2=c2(4x2+y2x2)x2=c2-(4x2+y2x2)
x4=c2(4x2+y2)x4=c2(4-x2+y2) answer