MATERIAL LABORATORY

DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Course Code BFC 20601

Course Name STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Experiment Title LABORATORY
WORKABILITY AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF
Date CONCRETE
12/12/2017
Group 11
Name 1.Riska Mustakim Bin Marzuki (Af160260)
Members of Group 2. Megat Azwan Bin Mustafa (Cf150246)
3. Faridzuan Bin Zahidin (Df140025)
4. Mohamad Ariff Bin Mat Salleh (Cf150045)
5. Ashyira Aliana Binti Anuar (Af160032)
6. Nurin Atikah Binti Abd Shukor (Af160145)
Lecturer/Instructor/Tutor
Received Date
Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 SCR VT TSCR(X)

Attendance Student in laboratory more Student in laboratory within 30 Student in laboratory within 10 to Student in laboratory just Student in laboratory 10 minutes
& than 1 hour late minutes to 1 hour late 30 minutes late before laboratory start earlier 1
Discipline
Purpose is not identified Purpose is somewhat vague Purpose is identified Purpose is identified Purpose is clearly identified
Aim & Relevant variables are not Relevant variables are not Relevant variables are Relevant variables are Relevant variables are described 1
Purpose described described described in somewhat unclear described
There is not a list of the Most lab materials included All necessary lab materials All necessary lab materials All necessary lab materials
Materials necessary lab materials included but not listed in any included and listed included and listed in an organized 1
(optional)

Procedures are not listed Procedures are listed but not in Procedures are listed in clear Procedures are listed in clear Procedures are listed in clear
clear steps steps but not numbered and/or steps steps
in complete sentences Each step is numbered and in Each step is numbered and in a
Procedure complete sentence 1
a complete sentence
Diagrams are included to describe

Data is not represented or is Data lacks precision Good representation of the Accurate representation of Accurate representation of the a
not accurate Greater than 20%; difference data using tables and tor graphs the data using tables and/or using tables and/or graphs
Data with accepted values Less than 15% difference with graphs Graphs and tables are labeled and 4
accepted values Data is fairly precise data is precise with less than 5%
Precision is acceptable Less than 10?% difference with difference with accepted values
accepted value
Trends / patterns are not Trends / patterns are not Trends /patterns are logically Trends / patterns are logically Tends / patterns are logically
analyzed analyzed analyzed for the most part analyzed analyzed
Analjsis / Questions are not answered Answers to questions are Questions are answered in Questions are answered in Questions are answered 4
Result Analysis is not relevant incomplete complete sentences complete sentences thoroughly and in complete
Analysis is inconsistent Analysis is general Analysis is thoughtful sentences

No discussion was included or A statement of the results is A statement of the results of Accurate statement of the Accurate statement of the results of
shows little effort and incomplete with little reflection the lab indicates whether results of the lab indicates lab indicates whether results
Discussion reflection on the lab on the lab results support the hypothesis whether results support the support hypothesis Possible 4
hypothesis sources of error and t was learned
Possible sources of error from the lab discussed
identified
Participation Student was hostile about Participation was minimal Did the job but did not appear to Used time pretty well. Stayed Showed interest, used time very well,
(during participating be very interested. Focus lost focused on the experiment guide other students and very 1
experiment on several occasion most of the time focused on experiment
The student cannot answer The student can answer The student can answer The student can explain the The student can explain the results of
questions about the some questions about the questions about the experiment results of the experiment in the experiment in detail and the ways
experiment experiment and begins to make detail and the ways in which they in which they relate to the research
Interview connections between the relate to the research focus focus. The student can also evaluate 3
experiment and its applications the significance of the experiment to
the real situation

NAME OF LECTURER: SIGNATURE: DATE: TOTAL SCORE:

Comment by examiner Received

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a composite construction material, composed of cement and other
cementitious materials such as aggregate , water and chemical admixtures. Concrete is
one of the most durable building materials compare other material such as wood
because it provides superior fire resistance and have a long service life.

2.0 OBJECTIVE
2.1 To study the workability of the designed mix and compressive strength of concrete
cubes

3.0 EXPERIMENT OUTCOME

3.1 Able to determine the workability of concrete by slump test according to BS
1881: Part 102:
1983
3.2 Able to determine compressive strength on cubes according to BS 1881: Part 116:
1983

4.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

4.1 Equipment
(i) Concrete cubes mould
(ii) Vibrating tables
(iii) Slump-test apparatus
(iv) Weighting machine
(v) Curing tank
(vi) Concrete compression machine

4.2 Materials (Concrete mix design for 6 cubes)

(i) Cement – 7 kg
(ii) Sand – 14 kg
(iii) Aggregate – 28 kg
5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 A concrete mix is designed according to a ratio of 1:2:4 (cement: sand: gravel)

5.2 The material required is prepared to produce 6 concrete cubes size 150 mm x
150 mm x 150 mm mould.

5.3 The material is batched and mixed according to BS 1881: Part 125: 1983
(methods for mixing and sampling fresh concrete in the laboratory)

5.4 The workability of the designed mix is determined by slump test with reference to BS
1881:
Part 102: 1983 (Method for determination of slump**)

5.5 3 concrete cubes are casted for compressive strength with compression machine
at 7 and 28 days, respectively with reference to BS 1881: Part 116: 1983
(Method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes)
**Slump Test Procedure:

1. The mould is filled in with fresh concrete in three layers, each approximately one-third
of the height and tamped with twenty-five strokes of the rounded end of the tamping
rod.

2. The strokes are distributed in a uniform manner over the cross -section and for the
second and subsequent layers should penetrate into the underlying layer.

3. The bottom layer is tamped throughout its depth.

4. After the top layer has been rodded, the concrete is struck off level with a trowel or the
tamping rod, so that the mould is exactly filled.

5. The mould is removed immediately by raising it slowly and carefully in a vertical

direction. This allows the concrete to subside and the slump is measured immediately
by determining the difference between the height of the mould and that of the highest
point of the specimen being tested.

6. The slump measured is recorded in terms of millimeters of subsidence of the specimen.

6.0 RESULT
Grade: 30 Supplier: -
Water/cement ratio: 0.58 Slump test: 8cm
Compaction: Hand tamping Compaction’s factor:
Extra material: -
Min. strength of cube (kN/m²):
4356 (7 days) 10822.5 (35 days)

Type of cement: Portland Source: -

Type of sand: washed sand Source: -
Type of aggregate: 20 mm aggregate
Source: -
(granite)

Specimen size: 150 mm Loaded area: 22500 mm²

Date cast: 31/11/2017 Test date: 4/11/2017 Age: 7 days
Date cast: 31/11/2017 Test date: 28/11/2017 Age: 28 days

Comp.
Cube Part of Max. load Density
Mass (kg) strength Remarks
ref. structure (kN) (kg/m³)
(kN/m²)
1 2.17 96.800 642.971 4356 DRY
2 2.28 118.400 675.564 5328 DRY
3 2.33 118.400 690.379 5328 DRY
4 2.08 206.800 616.304 9306 DRY
5 2.28 208.300 675.564 9373.5 DRY
6 2.32 240.500 687.416 10822.5 DRY
7.0 ANALYSIS OF DATA

Graph of Increase of Compressive Strength with Age (7 days)

12000

10000

8000

6000 Series 1

4000

2000

0
1 2 3

Graph of Increase of Compressive Strength with Age (35 days)

12000

10000

8000

6000 Series 1

4000

2000

0
4 5 6
8.0 PRECAUTIONS
1. Make sure that the concrete mix is according the ratio stated

2. Compaction must be done thoroughly to make sure there are no air holes inside the
concrete cubes
3. Do not use rotten material like cement that already expose to the air in long time.

9.0 DISCUSSION
 The slump formed after compaction is shear slump


 From the graph plotted, the compressive strength of the concrete is higher on 28 days
compared to 7 days. This show that the longer the curing process, the higher
compressive strength we get.


 From this experiment density does not affect the compressive strength.


 The result obtained from the experiment shows that the concrete mix cannot be used for
work as the workability of the concrete is lower because excessive water will lead to
increased bleeding (surface water) and/or segregation of aggregates (when the cement
and aggregates start to separate), with the resulting concrete having reduced quality.



 There are several factors which could affect the workability and compressive strength of
concrete:

Workability

Water-cement ratio : right amount of water-cement ratio is needed for better workability

Aggregate : this depends on what type of aggregate used (coarse and fine
Aggregate)
 Admixture : implies whether it is in the form of liquid or powder

Fineness of cement : fineness cement will produced better workability

Time and temperature: higher temperature will harden the concrete mix much faster and
the longer a concrete cube is immersed in the water, the higher
the workability.

Compressive strength

Water-cement ratio: additional water must be added to make the mix workable enough
to be placed inside the forms. However, this additional water should be kept to a
minimum. The use of too much of water will weaken the strength of the concrete.

Compaction factor: the reason for compaction are to ensure the requirement of strength,
impermeability and durability of harden concrete. The process of compaction consists of
elimination of entrapped air and forcing the particles into a close configuration.

10.0 CONCLUSION
From the experiment, it shows that the workability of the designed mix depends mainly
on the water-cement ratio. The compressive strength of the concrete cubes also depends
on water-cement ratio and compaction factor.
11.0 APPENDIX

Figure 1: 7kg of cement, 14 kg of fine aggregate and 28 kg of coarse

aggregate are prepared for concrete mix design for 6 cubes.