Alexandria University SSP Ay ysis! deal Faculty of Engineering Haasghh 4s Specialized Scientific Programs yy Aecawedial) Apaled! geal ll Jan, 2018 2018 ty ‘Course title Number: Fundamentals of Mass tala GT cpa Balance GPE 211 Time allowed: Two Hours cot Cast Answer All Question 1. Methane is burned with air in a continuous steady-state combustion reactor to yield a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. The reactions taking place are: 3 CHy + 502 > CO+2H,0 CHy+ 202 > CO, +2H,0 The feed to the reactor contains 7.8% CHz, 19.4% Oz, and 72.8% Nz, The percentage conversion of methane is 90 % and the gas leaving the reactor contains 8 mol CO,/mol CO. For one mol of carbon monoxide produced, calculate the feed to the reactor and the molar composition of the product stream using extent of reaction method. (10 marks) 2. Fresh air containing 6 mole % water vapor is to be cooled and dehumidified to a water content of 2 mole% HO. A stream of fresh air is combined with a recycle stream of previously dehumidified air and passed through the cooler. The blended stream entering the unit contains 4 mole% water. In the air conditioner, some of the water in the feed stream is condensed and removed as liquid. A fraction of the dehumidified air leaving the cooler is recycled and the remainder is delivered to a room. Taking 150 mol of dehumidified air delivered to the room as a basis of calculation. Calculate the moles of fresh feed and the recycle ratio (moles recycled/mole fresh feed). (10 marks) 3. A 10-liter cylinder containing oxygen at 175 atm absolute is used to supply O2 to an oxygen tent. The cylinder can be used until its absolute pressure drops to 1.1 atm. Assuming @ constant temperature of 27°C, calculate the gram-moles of Op that can be obtained from the cylinder. (10 marks) Exam Committee: Prof Dr.E-S.Z.E] Ashtoukhy4. Pentane is burned with air. No carbon monoxide is present in the combustion products. Calculate the molar composition of the product gas for 20% excess air and 90% conversion of pentane. (10 marks) 5, Wet sugar that contains one-fifth water by mass is conveyed through an evaporator in which 85.0% of the entering water is vaporized. (@) Calculate (i) the mass fraction of water in the wet sugar leaving the evaporator, and (ii) the ratio (kg H2O vaporized/kg wet sugar leaving the evaporator). (b) If 1000 tons/day of wet sugar is fed to the evaporator, how much additional water must be removed from the outlet sugar to dry it completely. (10 marks) Exam Committee: Prof.Dr.E-S.Z.El AshtoukhyAlexandria University SSP Aap dat Faculty of Engineering as Specialized Scientific Programs € Recah Syl Ga January, 2018 2018 9 ‘Course title Number Applied thermodynamics A Agel 4p) all alah GPE 321 Time allowed: 2 hours. eke: ait Answer All Questi 1) A gas turbine power plant operating on an ideal Brayton cycle has a pressure ratio of 8. The gas temperature is 310 K at the compressor inlet and 1160 K at the turbine inlet. The compressor efficiency is 75%, the turbine efficiency is 82%. Knowing that for the working fluid C, = 1.005 KJ/Kg. K and Cy = 0.718 ki/kg. K,, calculate: a) the temperature at the turbine exit, b) the net work of the plant and c) the isentropic (ideal) thermal efficiency of the cycle. (15 marks) 2) A refrigerator uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid and operates on an ideal vapor- compression refrigeration cycle between 0.14 and 0.8 MPa. If the mass flow rate of the refrigerant is 0.08 kg/s, determine (a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input to the compressor, (b) the rate of heat rejection to the environment, and (c) the COP of the refrigerator. What would be the value of the coefficient performance if the throttling valve was substituted with a turbine? (1S marks) 3) A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat Rankine cycle between the pressure limits of 15, MPa and 10 kPa. The mass flow rate of steam through the cycle is 12 kg/s. steam enters both stages of turbine at $00°C. The moisture content of the steam at the exit of the low-pressure turbine is not to exceed 10% i. Show the cycle on T-S diagram, ii, Calculate the pressure at which reheating takes place (The calculated pressure can be approximated to the closest value in the tables for further calculations) Calculate the total rate of heat input in the boiler iv. Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle (10 marks) 4) Give reason for each of the following statements: (6 marks) a. The turbines used in ges-turbine power plants are larger than those used in steam power plants of the same net power output. b. _ Amideal Otto eyele using a monatomic gas (such as argon or helium) as the working fluid will have the highest thermal efficiency. ©. Diesel engines can be designed to operate at much higher compression ratios than the gasoline engines. 5) Compare between open and closed feedwater heaters (4 marks) Best Wishes Prof. Dr. Yasmine Ossamady ysl daly nig U5 acanediall Ayala al pl! Hes y nn AN asa Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Specialized Scientific Programs Natural Gas & Petrochemical Industries Fall, 2017 Environmental Science Time allowed: Two hours Answer All Questions: Question (1) {a) Complete each of the following statement (14 points) 1- The main sources of sulfur oxides in atmosphere are 2- Bag filters are sensitive to and 3- TOC in wastewater is measured by ... 4- The most common method of treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in wastewater .. due to .... and ....... are compounds that are very slow or cannot decompose biologically. 6- The value of COD test can be ...... OF»... than that of BOD test due to 7- HpS is flared to SO> in oil refinery process before releasing to atmosphere because. 8 and ...... are tests used to determine amount of organic compounds in wastewater. 9- Low oxygen demand in wastewater indicates either OF eeeeeee OF + 10- Nitrogen and phosphorous present in wastewater can be tse by. L1- THMs are created when ....... is combined with c 12: sesso ANd.....0 aF€ considered as liquid gaseous pollutant. 13- Nitrogen oxides in atmosphere are produced from ......., while CO is produced from... (b) What are the role played by alum, ammonia and lime in water treatment plant? (6 points) Question (2) (a)Discuss briefly each of the following (using sketch whenever possible’ 1- Devices used for removing air pollutant. 2- Methods used for cooling of hot ges. 3- BOD ultimate 4- Disinfection in water treatment plant. ‘5- Main products of aerobic and anaerobic decomposition. (10 points) (b) A test bottle containing just seeded dilution water has its dissolved oxygen (DO) level drop by 1 mg/L in a five day test. A 300- ml BOD bottle filled with 15 ml of wastewater and the rest seeded dilution water has a DO drop of 7.2 mg/L in the same time period. What would be the five-day BOD of the wastewater? (6 points)(a) Show how each of the following can affect environmen/human health: = Nutrients in wastewater = Presence of excess CO and Freon gas in atmosphere - Pesticides in agriculture return water (6 points) (b) A chemical analysis of surface water of pH 10 yields the following: (10 points) Tons concentration (mg/L) AL wt/ Mont, cr 80 40.1 Mg” 30 243 Na n 23 kK’ 6 39.1 cr 35.5 so 96 HCOy 6 co;* 60 Determine: 1- the total hardness as (mg/L and as mg/L as CaCO3) 2+ Carbonate and non carbonate hardness as-mg/L as CaCOs 3- the alkalinity as (mg/L as CaCO and as mol/L) 4- Total dissolved solids as (mg/L and as mg/L as CaCO) Best Wishes Prof. Dr. Nevine Kamal Amin/todel Answer Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Gas & Petrochemicals Engineering (GPE) Heat Operations ¢ Allowed: 2 hr. the shell side and two arranged on a 1- in-square pitch and supported by baffles with (0.229m) intervals. The average properties are shown in the follo p= 825 ky/m Kr= 0.119 Wim.) k= 0.137 Wim) H=5.2x10" kyms H=29 x10" kgims C= 2200Ike-K) C,= 1990 Iike.K) 2.12 P= 96.13 P, For this Heat Exchanger, determine the follo \~ The heat transfer coefficient for tube side ( Ae) ‘2, The heat transfer coefficient for shell side (As ) ‘3+ The overall heat transfer coefficient (Up) if the heat exchanger is new. Fi Y= The outlet temperatures for both fluids CT, Te) Using NTU metho The onthe Fem Fevers USING’ S “Ne Carve 1 PE S12 ine a 1 inch = 2.54 em. For transition flow, Nu= 0.116 (Ra - 125) P23 (1+ (DyL) 7} L/ +N) yn #2 5 Water at mass flow rate m® = 0.02 kg/s and Ty = 20 °C enters an annular region formedby an iimner tube of diameter D, =0.025 m and an outer tube of Dy = Oto Saturated steam flows through the inner tube, maintaining its surface at a uniform temperature of T.; = 100 °C, while the quit surface of the outer tube is well insulated . If fully developed condittire may be assumed ues 1° Write the assumptions that you used in solving the problem 2- How long must the system be to provide an outlet water temperature of 75 °C? 5 What isthe heat flux fiom the inner tube atthe inlet (at x = 0) and the eueret (atx=L)?oe fsa dey Aaah als aati Sy al Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Specialized Scientific Programs Jan, 2018 2018 8 Course title Number: Petroleum Refining Engineering Ds pS Aas GPE 422 Time allowed: Two Hours ote lur oj! a. Mention the importance of the following 1, Booster ejector in vacuum tower. Side cut strippers in topped tower. Residence time in catalytic cracking - Feed stock in thermal cracking 5. Aniline point on the ignition quality of gas oil. 6. Steam in vacuum tower. 7. Visbreaking process. 8. Delayed coking, 9, Entrainment by carrying 10. Catalytic reforming. b, What are the disadvantages of fixed bed catalytic cracking? c. Differentiate between gas oil and diesel oi. 4g, Differentiate between catalytic and thermal reactions. ce. What are the factors that cause the deactivation of catalyst in catalytic cracking process? £, How to minimize the pressure drop in vacuum tower system? g. Catalytic cracked gasoline has higher quality than thermal cracked gasoline. Give reasons. h, Draw a simplified flow chart of tube still thermal cracking process. (17*3=51) Exam Committee: Prof.Dr.E-S.Z.E] Ashtoukhy©eo Engineering Chemistry Time: 120 Minutes © cys us Sls ss AN al I Baus Aug a Oga ssl on 8 tl Dn Ls ? ? o ? eee om @ é uF 1D number: sase shad Specialized Scientific Programs (SSP) Alexandria University 2017/2018 Faculty of Engineering Name: 1D number: a ©0900 ©0090 Q0000 ©0009 0000 ©0008 [oKOTORO} Q000 e000 ©2000 ©OOOQOHHHOHHHHHHHHOOHOOOOHOD ©©O©OOHHOHHHHHHHHHHHHOOHOOO® BO 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 100. ©QOOOOOOHOOHOHHOOOOOO eee eee 51.©@ © © 52.® © © 53.©@ © © 54.©@ © © eel State eo BSFSIFeerrerw 26.0.© 27.® © 28.® © 22.© © 30.® © 31.© © 32.© © 33.©@ © 34.©® © eae 36. © 2 ao ROMO) © ® OMO) .® © ® MO} ® ® one o © ©©9OOGHOOHHHHHOHHOHOHHHOHOHOO‘Alexandria University Asset deat” Faculty of Engineering aig 46 Specialized Scientific Programs Await Ayla Gal yt | _Sanuary, 2018 2018 wis ‘Course title Number: Engineering Chemistry comers rer) GPE 101 ‘Time allowed: Two hou Ciel: Gast a ae Aaya igh Ve Lak cll ges dal Re Choose the correct answer: For the following questions choose a) or b) a) = right sentence b) = wrong sentence 1) The value of the equilibrium constant depends on the temperature. 2) Real gases behave ideally at high pressure. 3) Chemical equilibrium occurs when opposing reactions proceed at equal rates. 4) The law of mass action expresses the relationship between the concentrations of the reactants and products. 5) Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of moles, ©) Four variables are needed to define the physical condition of any gas, 7) The relation between Ke and Kp depends on the temperature. 8) Ifan irreversible system is disturbed by a change in temperature, pressure, or a component concentration, the system will shift its position so as to counteract the effect of the disturbance, 9) In the presence of a base, water acts as a proton donor. 10) A solution in which pH = pOH is said to be neutral. 11) According to Raoult’s law, the solubility of a gas increases with increasing pressure. | *12)Sodium hydroxide is a strong electrolyte, | 13) Weak acids are partially ionized in aqueous solution, 14) The larger the value of Ka, the stronger is the acid. 15)In dissimilar metal corrosion cells, the less noble metal acts as the cell anode (+ve) where metal dissolution takes place. 16) For Acids with the same molarity, strong acid has higher pH than weak acid, 17)In a decomposition reaction one substance undergoes a reaction to produce two or more other liquid substances. 18) The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, 19) Carbon dioxide gas is denser than air at the same temperature and pressure, [Page Engineering Chemistry20)No shift in equilibrium occurs when the number of moles of reactants equals the number of moles of products. 21) Supersaturated solution is a solution that has been prepared at an elevated pressure and then slowly cooled. 22) Adding Argon gas to the NHs synthesis reaction affects the equilibrium state. 23) Hydrocarbons combusted in sufficient air to form CO2 and H20. 24) Nitric acid (HNOs) is a polyprotic acid. 25) The partial pressure of any gas in gas mixtures equal to the mole fraction ofthat gas times the total pressure. 26) The presence of a nonvolatile solute lowers the vapor pressure of the solvent. 27) The hardening of gel isthe cause of strength in crystalline theory of cement. 28) Dalton’s law deals with two or more different gases. 29) At constant temperature, reducing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium mixture causes the system to shift in the direction that increases the number of moles of gas. 30)1In an endothermic reaction, increasing the temperature causes the equilibrium to shift to the right, and K decreases, 31) According to the kinetic molecular theory of gases, the combined volume of all the molecules of the gas is negligible relative to the total volume in which the gas is contained 32) Attractive and repulsive forces between gas molecules are negligible. 33) Cost of repair and replacement of corroded equipment by new ones causes enormous financial losses. 34) Argillaceous materials supply lime in manufacture of cement. 35) Saturated solution is a solution containing the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve ’ under a given set of pressure and temperature conditions. 36)Molarity is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. 37)Henty’s Law is obeyed best for dilute solutions of gases that don’t dissociate or react with the solvent. 38) Boiling point elevation is affected by the number of moles of nonvolatile solute. 39) In an electrolytic cell a spontaneous reaction takes place. 40) The deposited corrosion product increases the rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers and boilers. 41) The larger the value of Ks, the lower the concentration of hydrogen ions. 42)In rural and desert atmospheres corrosion is almost negligible compared to urban atmospheres corrosion. | 21 Page Engineering Chemistry3[Page Engineering Chemistry 43) The concentration of CO> in a closed can of pressure 4 atm is 0.155 mol/L where (Henry's constant K=0.031moV/L atm). 44) Direct attack by the acid solution is a type of atmospheric corrosion. 45) The amount of solute that can be dissolved increases with increasing temperature for exothermic solution formation. 46) In the manufacture of cement, correction vats are used to correct the slurry composition. 47) Tetra calcium Alumino Ferrite is responsible for the resistance to sea water. 48) As temperature increases, the behavior of a real gas more nearly approaches that of the ideal gas. 49) Van der Waals equation is a modification of ideal gas equation. 50) In rotary kiln, up to 100°C evaporation of combined water takes place. Choose the correct answer: 51) The following reaction: CaCO;—> CO + CaO , itisa.. reaction a)combination _—_..) decomposition c) combustion 52) Which of the following is responsible for corrosion: ) Chemical reaction _b) electrochemical reaction _¢) both a & b 53) The decomposition of sodium azide produces a) CO2 bor oN 54) CO> density is . a) higher than b) lower than equal to 55) Combustion is an. On density at the same temperature and pressure. reaction. a) endothermic ») exothermic '56)In an endothermic reversible reaction, heating the reaction medium shifts the reaction in the direction. a) forward ») backward 57) A sample of Calcium carbonate CaCOs has a mass of 50 g; its number of moles equal aj2 b) 0.05 ©) 0.5 . proportional to the amount of the gas at constant pressure and 58) The volume of a gas is .. ‘temperature. a) directly ») inversely 59) Chemical energy is converted into electrical energy in a/an......... cell a) galvanic b) electrolytic 60) A tennis ball filled witt 0.33g No gas at 24°C and its volume is 144em’, the pressure in the ball......(KPa) a) 22 b) 202 ©) 220 61) “The total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components of the mixture” This law is called: a) Raoult’s law b) Dalton’s law ¢) Henry's law62) The main reaction for cement formation takes place in temperature range....... a) 500°C and above ) 900-1200°C ¢) 1250-1280 °C 63) The number of molecules of any substance is ......... per one mole, and their masses Mbsceccanes a) constant, different ») different, constant ©) different, different 64) Van Der Waal’s equation can be used for the calculation of .... a) the volume ofa real gas‘) the boiling point elevation _¢) the freezing point depression 65) Corrosion is important as it affects. 4 a) Safety b) Environment ¢) both a & b 66) Among the statements of the kinetic molecular theory of the gases: 4) the molecules collisions are elastic b) the molecules are in static state) botha& b 67) The pressure of a gas is ...... proportional to the amount of the gas at constant temperature and volume a) directly b) inversely 68) During cement production, at temperature $00 °C and above removal takes place. a) free water b) combined water ©) CO2 (69) If we divide the partial pressure of a gas by the total pressure of the gas mixture we get the gas. a) mass fraction _—_-b) mass percent ©) mole fraction of . 70)In corrosion cells, the cathodic reaction in corrosive medium of pH<4 is a) oxygen reduction 'b) hydrogen evolution c) botha&b 71) If an aqueous solution of HINOs has a pH of 1.5 then the concentration of the acid (M) equal a) 0.018 b) 0.1761 ©) 0.032 72)Ina reversible reaction, increasing the concentration of one of the reactants shifts the reaction in the........ direction a) forward ‘b) backward 73) The freezing point ... by the addition of nonvolatile solute. a) decreases ») increases 6) remains constant 74) The CsS is responsible for . a) setting b) final strength c) Initial strength .. of cement 75) As the pressure of a gas inereases, the deviation from the ideal gas behavior. a) increases b) decreases 76) In dissimilar metals corrosion cells, the less noble metal acts as.. a) cathode b) anode 77)1f2.5 g of a gas occupies 0.875 L at 91.3 kPa and 35°C then its molar mass equal. a) 80 bor 0) 90 78) One of the corrections in the van Der Waals’s equation is. 4lpage Engineering Chemistrya) taking the volume of the gas molecules into consideration _b) neglecting the volume of the gas molecules c) neglecting the attraction and repulsion forces between the molecules 79) Cement sample contains Fe20s 2.1%wt, AlOs 5%wt, CsA% in the sample a) 13.2% ») 9.5% ©) 3.6% 80). constant temperature and pressure. law describes the relationship between the amount of the gas and its volume at a) Charle’s ) Boyle's ©) Avogadro's 81) The ionization % of acetic acid of 0.5 M and pH 2.64 is...... a) 4.6% b) 0.046% ©) 0.46% 82) The volume of a certain amount of gas is ...... proportional to the pressure at constant temperature a) directly b) inversely 83) The vapor pressure of'a solution (kPa) prepared by mixing 20 g solid NaxSOs with 175 g water at 110°C (vapor pressure of water at 110°C equals142.7 kPa) is. a) 140.6 b) 132.6 ©) 136.7 84) In an exothermic reversible reaction, heating the reaction medium shifts the reaction in the... direction a) forward ) backward 85) The density of NO2 gas at 98 kPa and 35°C equal a) L76 gL b) 15.49 gL. ©) 1.76 g/m? 86) A balloon of 6 L at sca level it ascends until the pressure is 45.6kPa, the temperature falls from 22°C to-21 °C then the new volume is......... a) L.14m? ) 0.0114m3 ©) Lem? 87) The absolute zero equals...... 2) 273°C boc) -273 °C 88) For phosphoric acid (HsPOs) solution the easiest ionized hydrogen is the. a) first b) second ©) third 89) oa a) Gypsum b) Salt ©) Glycol 90) The mass of 2.6 moles of NaCl equal grams a) 152.1») 0.044 ©) 15.21 91)For the following reaction N,(g) + 3H2(g) + 2NH3(g) Kp equals. = a) Ke b) Ke RT? ¢) Ko (RT)? 92) A solution of ethylene glycol and water has a vapor pressure of 101.3 kPa at 110°C. Assuming one. is added to retard the setting of cement. that the vapor pressure of pure water at this temperature is 142.7 kPa, then the mole fraction of ethylene glycol in the solution equal. SlPage Engineering Chemistry0.71 ») 0.29 ©) 0.70 93)In a reversible reaction, increasing the concentration of one of the products shifts the reaction in the......... direction, a) forward b) backward 94) In acidic solutions, [OH'] <....... M a) 10? b) 10" °) 107 95) Consider a steel tank of volume 65 L, containing O2 gas at a pressure of 165 bar at 23°C. The mass of Oz (in Kg) in tank equal: a) 15 b)18 ol4 96) The volume of a certain amount of a gas is proportional to the temperature at constant pressure and amount. a) directly ») inversely 97). "s law describes the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant ternperature, 2) Charle b) Boyle ©) Avogadro 98) gas is used in fire extinguishers. a) Nz by Ar CO; 99) Real gases behave ideally at a) high ) lower c) moderate 100)The pH of HC! of 0.05M is... a) 03 ») 0.013 13 Alk27—$=32, 0-16 Naw23.C=12, Hel C1=35.5 -N=14. Ca=40 Fe=55 P=31 R-8.314 Pa.m*/mol-K = 0.08206 atm.L/mol.K ‘P(atm)= 101.3kPa = 1.013 bar. Best wishes Prof. A. Z & Engineering Chemistry Committce 6lPage Engineering ChemistrySSP Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering das Ais Specialized Scientific Programs & Hawadia Stell gly) January 2018 2018 ab GPE 205 FINAL EXAM. The elas Physical Chemistry ‘Time allowed: 2 Hours eels roast D a) Consider the combustion of Haig 2 Haw + Ox > 2H) IEhydrogen is buming at the rate of 0.85 mol/s, what is the rate of consumption of oxygen ? . What is the rate of formation of water vapor ? ) The iodide ion reacts with hypochlorite ion in the following manner: OCl +f — OF +Cr This rapid reaction gives the following rate data: ocr M I M rate M/s 15 x 103 15 x 103 1.36 x 104 3.0 x 103 1.5 x 10? 2.72 x 104 1.5 x 10% 3.0 x 10% 2.72 x 10* i) Write the rate law for this reaction. ii) Calculate the rate constant. iii) Calculate the rate when [OCI] = 2 x 103M and [I ]= 5 x 104M (10 pt) » Sucrose ( Ciz Hzz Ou: ) reacts in dilute acid solutions to form two simple sugars, glucose and fructose, both of which has the following formula CsH120s. At 23°C and in 0.5 M HCI the following data were obtained for the disappearance of sucrose: Time (min) 0 39. 80 140 210 CoHa2011 (M) 0316 «0.274 «= 0.238 (0.190 0.146 i) Is the reaction first order or second order with respect to ( CizH22On ) ii) What is the value of the rate constant, b) Prove that: i) For zero order reactions © [AJ = [Ao] - kt ii) For reversible reactions Ki = Ki (fAo]- xe ) % (i2pt)a) a) What factors determine whether a collision between two molecules will lead to a chemical reaction. +) The activation energy ofa certain reaction is 8.96 x 10* J. at 32°C, K: 1.18 x 10? Limols i) Calculate K at 108°C ii) At whattemperature -K = 2.36 x 107 L/mol-s (Spt) Tv) 2) The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H:02) into water and oxygen is catalyzed by I”. The reaction proceeds as follows: FaOxy + Fag ———-> TOey + HOO 10a) + F209 > FROM + Tay + Oxw Shove that the two reactions can be summed to give the overall reaction. Why we consider [a catalyst and not an intermediate ? b) The equivalent conductance of an acetic acid solution containing 1 mol per 30 tiers is 9-1 cm? chm, the ionic conductance at infinite dilution for acetate and hydrogen ions are 71 and 318 cm* ohm” respectively Calculate the ionization constant of acetic acid. (10 pt) vy) 4) What is the pH ofa solution that is 0.27 Min acetic acid ((CHsCOOH) 2d 0.29 M in sodium acetate (CHsCOONa). Ke = 1.8 x 105 How does the pH change if 0.01 mol of NaOH isaddedto 1.0 Lof the solution ? . If 0.01 mol of NaOil is added to 1.0 Lof pure water, how does the pH change ? ») calculate the solubility product constant for Mg(OH)2 if its solubility is 0.01166 g/L (Mg :243, 0:16, H: 1) (10 pt)Alexandria University Sse Ay daa Faculty of Engineering Hig As Specialized Scientific Programs Hea atl Gal January, 2018 2018 Course tile Number: Wastewater Treatment Tia oe law GPE 334 eet Time allowed: 2 hours 1) Give reasons for each of the following statements: (10 marks) i, The creation of the solids blanket is an important part of the upflow clarification in solid-contact basins. ii, Aerated grit chambers have different advantages. iii, Flow measurement is an essential step in primary treatment although it doesn’t result in removal of contaminants. iv. Ponds and lagoons are used despite their large land requirement and high suspended-solids concentrations in effluent. v. Buffering capacity of the digester is very important. 2) Put (\) or (X) and correct thé wrong sentences if any: (8 marks) i, Comminutors are high-maintenance items. ii, In channel-type, horizontal flow grit chambers it’s important to maintain the horizontal velocity at approximately 0.3 m/s. iii, Anaerobic digestion is used to treat primary sludges. iv. The medium used in bio-towers is better than the medium used in trickling filters. v. — Long-rectangular basins are more stable and their flow control is easier. vi. Inplug flow reactors, reaction kineties for biomass production is similar to the batch process The main source of oxygen in ponds is photosynthesis, viii, Circular basins have the same functional zones as the long-rectangular basin 3) Answer the flowing questions (8 marks) i. What are the aeration techniques for sludge aeration in activated sludge systems? ii, What are the objectives of secondary clarifiers used with activated sludge and attached-culture systems? iii, What are the purposes of sludge digestion? iv. Write the Monod equation and define its parameters. 4) Calculate the 8 days BOD of industrial wastewater at T=27°C, based on the following data: 20 ml of wastewater with DO =0.0 is mixed with 280 ml of dilution water with DO = 9 mg/L and the 8 days DO = 3.4 mg/L. Also calculate the value of ultimate BOD (6 marks) 425) 6) a) b) °) Flow from a primary clarifier to a bio-tower is 20,000 m°/d with a BOD of 150 mg/L. pilot plant analysis established a treatability constant of 0.055 min"! for the system at 20°C, and an n factor can be taken as 0.5. The hydraulic loading rate is 0.2 m’/m?, min; and the recirculation ratio is to be 2:1 during average flow periods. The unit is designed to produce an effluent with a soluble BODs of 10mg/L. Minimum temperature expected is 25°C. Caleulate the medium depth. (10 marks) An activated-sludge system is to be used for secondary treatment of 10,000 m°/d of municipal wastewater. After primary clarification, the BOD is 150 mg/L, it’s desired to have not more than 5 mg/L of soluble BOD in the effluent. A completely mixed reactor is to be used, Pilot plant analysis established the following kinetic values: Y = 0.5 kg/kg, Ky= 0.05 d. Assuming a MLSS concentration of 3000 mg/L and an underflow concentration of 10,000 mg/L from the secondary clarifier and for a sludge retention time of 10 days, calculate: The volume of the reactor ‘The mass and volume of solids that must be wasted each day The reeyele ratio (8 marks) Additional informatio Different atomic weights (amu) Ca: 40 Mg: 24 Nav23 H:1 C12 Se e7kD/Q™ Sq (1+R)—Re-kP/Q" Best Wishes Prof. Dr. Yasmine Ossama 22Alexandria University SSP Faculty of Engineering Specialized Scientific Prograins & Fall, 2017 ‘Separaion Processes 1 Time allowed: Two hours ‘Answer All Questions: ‘Question One: a) State which of the following statement true or false and correct the false one: (16 points) 1- Evaporation under vacuum increase solution viscosity. 2- A mixture of constant boiling point can be directly separated by distillation. 3- Crystallization is the key operation in any oil refinery process. 4- Temperature in distillation column increases from bottom to top. 5- Supersaturation may only be generated by cooling or evaporation. 6- Adsorptions of aromatic and polar compounds are better than aliphatic and non polar compounds. : 7- qrline depends only on temperature of feed. 8- Temperature range gives crystals with different water of crystallization. 9- Pressure inside distillation column increases at bottom of column, 10- As vapor pressure of gas decrease adsorption decrease. 11-Side steam and reflux increases number of plates in distillation process 12-As reflux ratio increases the plate diameter increase, 13-Multiple effect evaporators is of high capital cost and low steam economy 14- Adsorption kinetics are the basic requirements for design of adsorption system. 15-Distillation process depends on difference in volatility, boiling point and solubility. _16- Forward feeding is used for cold and viscous feed. (b) A continuous fractionating column of cross sectional area equal to 1.54 m*, is used to separate 12 Kmol/sec of a mixture of 69.5 mol % n-heptane and 30.5 mol% n-octane into a top product of 99 mol% n- heptane and a bottom product of 99 mol% n-octane. ‘The column is to operate at a pressure of 101.3 KPa. The feed is liquid at its boiling point. The average boiling point at the top of the column may be taken as 372° K and the relative volatility of 2 is used. If the reflux used were twice the minimum reflux, determine: 1- Number of theoretical plates 2. The cooling water requirement in condenser if water enter condenser at 26C° and leaves at osc 3- Composition of vapor and liquid leaving second plate from bottom. 4- The vapor velocity inside the column (Assume latent heat of condensation of distillate is equal to 30 KJ/mole, Cp of water is equal 101 Ki/mole, C°, ideal gas behavior( gas constant) = 8.314 Pa m’/ mol k) (10 points)uestion Two {(@) Give reasons for each of the following: (10 points) 1- The bubble cap trays are high performance than other types of trays. 2- Reflux ratio affects economy of distillation tower. 3- Impurities can affect crystal formation. 4- pH of solution has a strong influence on extend of adsorption. 5- Temperature and agitation has an effect on adsorption process. (b) A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate 7 kg/s of a solution from 10 to 50 % of solids, The feed is pumped through the vertical tubes of the calandria which are each of 0.05 m outer diameter and 1.5m long. Steam is available at 205 kN/m*, ;394°K and a latent heat of 2140 ki/kg, The evaporator is working at 13.4 kN/m®, the overall heat transfer coefficient is 3 KWim?. The feed to the evaporator is at 294K, its boiling point and the latent heat of vaporization of solution is 325 °K and 2376 ki/kg respectively. The specific heat capacity of a 10% solution is 3.76 kJ/kg K, the specific heat capacity of a 50% solution is 3.14 ki/kg K Calculate: . 1- The number of tubes required, 2- The amount of steam used and its economy. 3. If the feed enter the evaporator at (i) 325 °K , (ii) 425 °K , what will be the required heating area in each of the following case. (10 points) Question Three Answer either number (a) or (bi (a) Discuss each of the following: (6 points) 1- Arrangement of liquid flow over tray in distillation process 2- Capacity graph of sieve plate. 3 Different methods used for regeneration of activated carbon (b) Compare between each of the following: (6 points) - Linear type and stirred type of crystallizer - Forward and backward feeding in evaporators Best wishes Prof. Dr. Nevine Kamal AminALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERIN SSP/GAS & PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING GPE 421 CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING DEC 2017 SEVENTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OPEN BOOK FINAL EXAM ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS: 1) The gas phase reaction A-> 28(k=10h 4) is carried out ina s 40% inerts, plug flow reactor of vol = 200 lit. The feed gas cont calculate the feed rate (lit/sec) (8 points) 2) Three mixed flow reactors of volumes 200, 120 & 40 lit, respectively are used to carry a liquid phase reaction (k= 10 hn). Ca = 10 mole/lit & C; = 7 mole/lit, calculate C2 & Cs, overall conversion & feed rate (lit/s) (12 points) A plug flow reactor of vol = 20 lit is used to carry outa liquid phase reaction (k= 15 min), Cao=6 mole/lit , recycle ratio =3 to achieve 70% conversion, calculate the feed rate to this reactor (lit/s) 3 (10 points) 4) Aplug flow reactor of size = 200 lit is used to carry out a liquid phase reaction ( k = 0.2 lit/mole min & C, = 20 mole/lit) with a recycle ratio of 50. If the recycle ratio was reduced to 2 only, find GRAPHICALLY the % change in conversion & comment on the result (10 points) 5) a) Discuss fermentation reaction & combustion of fuel gas as examples of autocatalytic reactions b)Refer to fig 21(a), p 153, show graphically why is it not recommended to reverse the order of the 2 reactors?(6 points) 6) A plug flow reactor ( d = 20 cm & L = 10 m) is used to carry out the following gas phase reaction A+3B-> 6C,(k=2 min”), the feed contains 20% inerts to achieve 70% conversion, calculate the feed rate (lit/s) (10 points) BEST OF LUCKI!! PROF DR HASSAN FARAGssP Ayueatp ded ‘Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Ge Kuasight 3s Specialized Scientific Programs a Aaascdall Kyle! gall) January 2018 2018 GPE 423 Petrochemical Industries TathyeSs ll Glee FINAL EXAM is chal IAs 120243) Time allowed: 120 minutes “Answer all questions: ‘Question 1: (7 marks) Draw an outline flow scheme for: 2. Phenol manufacture by cumene process. b. Steam reforming process for hydrogen manufacture. . c. A basic plant for ethylene production from ethane, give the mainQuestion (6 marks) a, Draw an outline flow scheme for methanol synthesis from syn gas. b. Compare briefly between ethane — propane and naphtha, for manufacture of ethylene by thermal cracking, ¢. Compare between millisecond and hydro pyrolysis in ethylene manufacture.aoe uestion 3: marks} Answer the following: a. Uses of styrene. b. Types of catalytic reactors used in petrochemical industries. In styrene manufacture from benzene and ethylene: 4) the feed to the de-hydrogenerator was 200 mol! s i) the products ftom the vacuum distillation unit include 36 mol/s product and the reeyeled ethyl benzene to the de-hydrogenerator was 60 mols Find : 3) percent conversion of ethyl benzene in the dehydrogenerator. \ ii) percent yield in second stage.Question (6 marks) 2. Discuss briefly the original Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and its recent developments. ». How would you expect the effect of presence of sulfur and nitrogen compounds in feed to catalytic reforming units c. Cyclohexane plants are often situated next to catalytic reformers, comment.cE Question 5 (6 marks) a, USS. consumption of methanol in 2003 was 5.2 million tones, Estimate what proportion of acetic acid was made from methanol in the U,S, that year, given that total acetic acid production was about 1.9 million tones. ( Manufacture of acetic acid consumes about 10% of methanol consumption us) b. There is much less concentration of manufacture of formaldehyde into a small number of large plants than there is for most petrochemica's, many users of large amounts of formaldehyde make their own from purchased methanol. Can you suggest why formaldehyde is a typical in this way ? c. Write briefly on the manufacture and uses of: carbon disulfide - hydrazine.an Question 6 + (5 marks) ‘Comment on the following: a. Main raw materials used in petrochemical industries. b. Treatment of wet sour natural gas ¢. The basic intermediate processes in petrochemical industry.uestion 7 (4 mar! A typical product distributions in ethane cracking (wt %) is as follows: Ho 32 CH: 4.0 CHa 0.2 CHa 48.0 CHs 40.3 (Unconverted ethane is recycled ) CH, + GHe + GHs = 1S 1,3-CiHe+CiHs + Cio 1.8. Pyrolysis gasoline 1.0 (average CsHio) Fuel oil - Calculate the yield of ethylene after ethane recycle,Student Name: Student Number: ‘Alexandria University ssP Ay iseiyt day Faculty of Engineering & Huaigh Us Specialized Scientific Programs B ez, Haewadiall Ayala) gal yl FINAL EXAM. Jan. 2018 2018 3s gle Hoel GPE 431 Fertilizers Technology) Fuaal Gals ‘Time allowed: 2 Hours ghee oa3ll L. Discuss briefly : 1. New trends in utilization of Egyptian Abu-Tartur phosphate ore. 2, Factors affecting economics of urea manufacture. 3. Classification of Egyptian phosphate ores.4, Advantages of urea as nitrogen fertilizer. 5, Advantages of fluid bed granulation vs prlling of urea. 6 Suitability of floatation versus calcination methods for concentration of ‘Abu-Tartur phosphate ore11) Compare briefly between: 1. Steam reforming and partial oxidation processes for manufacture of hydrogen from natural gas. 2.Wet process and electric furnace phosphoric ‘acid regarding: ‘economics - purity — POs content ~ quality of phosphate ore used- chemical equations for manufacture. 3. Different types of catalyst promoters in ammonia manufacture 4, Super phosphate and triple super phosphate regarding: 'P2Os content - quality of ore used - suitability for export- cost and chemical equations for manufacture, transportation~” eget EuEraeeeremare=ee TESTE TID) Draw a simplified flow diagrams for the manufacture of: by the electric furnace method. 1, Phosphoric a 2, Phosphoric acid by the wet method.3,Ammonia by Haber- Boseh Process. 4. Nitric acid by ammonia oxidation.Tighe IV) Comment on : 1. Limitations of increasing pressure and temperature in urea synthesis, 2 Use eenttifugel and reciprocating compressors in ammonia synthesis, 3, Reversion process in super phosphate manufacture. 4, Pollution problems in pri cessing of phosphate rock into phosphate fertilizers.a V) Comment on : a- Maximum concentration of wet process phosphoric acid ‘s about 70%. be In manufacture of wet process phosphoric acid , acidulation is done using sulfuric acid of concentration 70% « - Compare briefly between different nitro phosphate fertilizers. 4- Possible sources for potash fertilizers in Egypt.vp 4) Mention main deposits of phosphate ores in Egypt. +) Suggest e simplified flow sheet forthe concentration of an Egyptian phosphate ore of the following composition: wt Carbonate Apatite Cas (PO4)2 . CaCOs 55 Dolomite CaCOs. MgCOs 8 Caleite — CaCOs 2 Clay ALO. 2SiO2. 2H20 12 Silica SiO 1 Moisture and Loss on Ignition Rest#9 - VIN) _ It is required to formulate 500 kg of com ‘Available materials are: ‘Di ammonium phosphate Di potassium phosphate ‘Mono potassium phosphate Potassium sulfate Find the masses required. (NH:):HPOs KaHPOs KERPOs K,SO+ pound fertilizer 1440-5.ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SSP/GAS & PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING GPE 523 PROCESS DESIGN 1 JAN 2018 9™ SEMESTER STUDENTS FINAL EXAM. OPEN BOOK 2 HORS ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1) 2 & The furnace for C black production is producing the following gas mixture: CO2: 4%, CO: 22%, H2: 10%, N2 (the rest) at 1350° C. Water spray is used to quench the reaction and cool the mixture down to 850° C. The flow rate of the hot gas mixture is 500 m/h at 22 atm, calculate the feed rate of the water (consider only latent heat of vaporization of the water fed)(m*/h) and final gas composition (mole %) (13 points) A multiple effect evaporator is used to concentrate Na2CO3 solution fed to the first effect at the rate of 5000 kg/h with a concn of 5%. Steam economy of the system is 1.8 & live steam is fed at the rate of 500 kg/h. Calculate the final concentration of the solution and its rate (kg/min) (12 points) A furnace is used to heat nitrobenzene from 40° to 70°C by using NG (pure CH4) fed at 4 atm & 40° C. Heat of combustion of the NG is 3600 ki/kg & feed rate of the nitrobenzene is 2000 ton/day. Thermal efficiency of the furnace is 65%,calculate the feed rate of the NG (m*/h) (12 points) HNO3 solution (60% concn) is produced at the rate of 100 t/d from an absorption tower according to the following reaction4NO2 + 02+2H20 -> 4 HNO3. Assuming 100 % conversion calculate: the feed rate of NO2-air (20% excess) mixture (4 atm & 40° C) (m?/h) & feed rate of water (m*/h) (13 points) BEST OF LUCK!!! PROF DR HASSAN FARAGssp ea Alexandria University Aya aly Faculty of Engineering. ea) : _ Keasigh Ss Specialized Scientific Programs ey Hewetal Kale all January- 2018 2018 ob Course fitle: Process Dynamics & Control ‘Allowed Time:120 min GPE 525 50 marks Write with neat Hand writing. (you are an ENGINEER) | ¥ Read the questions well before answering. Y Plot using your ruler. (accurate and precise) Y Write all your calculations in your answer sheet and place the final answer in a box. Y_Manage your time well. Question (1 iimarks I-The liquid leaving a tank is continuously withdrawn through a sample line, containing a concentration measuring element, at a rate of 0.1 cfm. The measuring element must be remotely located from the process, because rigid ambient conditions must be maintained for accurate concentration measurements, The sample line has a length of 50 ft, and the cross-sectional area of the line is 0.001 ft? Find the transfer function for the sample line? IL- For the control system shown in fig 1 Zmarks a) Obtain the closed-loop transfer function C/U. b) Find the value of K. for which the closed-loop response has a zeta of 2.3 c) Find the offset for a unit-step change in U if K, = 4. Question (2): State which of the following is true or false, then correct the false one: 22 marks 1. As the integral time decreases, the reset rate decreases. 2. PD controller cannot detect the ramp change. 3. To avoid cavitations, the minimum pressure reached in values must be higher than the liquid vapor pressure, 4, When the roots of the quadratic equation are pure positive the system is stable. 5, Adding the integral action to the controller eliminates the offset. 6. An underdamped system is always oscillating system. 7. The system is stable if it has an unbounded value at infinity. 8. Increasing the length of the pipelines reduces the transportation lag. 9. The band width of the On/Off controller always approaches infinity. [Page Process dynamics and control10. For underdamped system, as the damping coefficient increases, the overshoot ratio increases. 11. The transducer in the controller converts the measured variable to pressure while the converter converts the error to current. 12, The response on a non interacting system is more sluggish than that of an interacting system for the same number of tanks. Question (3): the tank heater shown in fig 2, It was operating at steady state where Ti = 80°C and T= 120°C. if the inlet temperature enim changed from 80 °C to 60 °C, and no other change takes place. Derive the transfer function that describes the system then determine the outlet temperature of water (T,) after 1 min of the change, Smarks “1 | (V=200 L/min, D tay = 0.5 m, liquid level=300 cm) (1 m=10° L= 10%cm*) Question (4): A liquid-level system shown in fig 3, has a cross-sectional area of 4.0 ft? The valve characteristic ion is qo=20 Vi Where qo = flow rate, efim, and h = level above the valve, ft. ifthe average operating level is 3 ft above the val Calculate the time constant for this system. Smarks equi Question (5): For the given water heater shown in the fig 4. Plot a scheme diagram for a controlling system to keep the 4 temperature of the heated water at optimum value and state its type, ( identify all its components). 3 marks oe eral ‘Then Draw a sketch diagram for the fuel valve used for the feed stream of fuel then state its type and the fail safe position. marks fig (4) | 2[Page Process dynamics and control> ~ Question (6): Zmarks For the control system shown in fig 5 a) Write the characteristic equation for the system. b) Use the Routh test to determine if the system is stable for K,= 6. c) Determine the ultimate value of K, above which the system is unstable. 7 eG) br c rT fig (5) Question (7): 5 marks In the two tanks shown in fig 6, the mixing process takes place where Co varies from 0 Ib salt/f? to 1 Ib salt/ft? according to step change. At what time does the salt concentration C in tank 2 reach 0.8 Ib salt/ft°? 3ft/min C, (Ib/salt/ft*) ‘The holdup volume of each tank is 6 ft Teak Teak fig (6) Auxiliary Data ate Fig A2 Best Wishes Dr Dina El Gayer 2018 3|Page Process dynamics and controlAya daa aig as Raab Sa a Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Specialized Scientific Programs January, 2018 2018.04 Course tite Number: Natural Gas Liquefaction PX RTIEC) Pe 522 ‘Time allowed: Two hours ee) T. Methane enters a reffigeration system at 25°C& 40 bars; it's cooled and condensed in one step to - 150°C and 4 bars. Given the following data, calculate: i, The cooling effect ii, The maximum COP iii, ‘The minimum work required for compression _ (6 marks) ‘Temp, °C Pressure (bar) | Enthalpy (WK8) | santropy eihkg.°C) 25 | 40 870.93 4.673 “15 4 688.76 5.065 =100 4 634.39 4.772 “150 | 4 40.9 0.342 II. Answer the following questions: (12 marks) i, What is the alloy used in constructing steel tanks for the aboveground LNG storage? ii, What are the two main types of tanks used in the marine transport of LNG? iii, What are the specifications included in the design basis for the process cycle development? iv. In the “ConocoPhillips Optimized Cascade process” what were the key modifications from the earlier design? y. What are the two liquefaction technologies that use proprietary heat exchangers? vi, What is the advantage of choosing oil for heating and gas turbine drivers in the liquefaction technology? vii, What are the advantage and disadvantage of Mustang Engineering Smart Liquefaction Process? II. Put (v) or (x) and correct the wrong sentences if any: (12 marks) i, Small capacities ships are preferred in the marine transport ii, In the marine transport, the low density of LNG and the requirement for separate water ballast containment require a large hull, with high draft and low freeboard. iii, _ Axens Liquefin Process uses pure refrigerants in the two refrigeration cycles iv. The larger the temperature approach (in the main condenser), the larger the LNG production v. Wider feed gas range will require better process adaptability and may favor pure refrigerant processes ‘The size of the main condenser will be smaller in case of using pure refrigerant Ina full-containment tank, the roof is constructed of stainless steel The plate fin heat exchangers have the advantage of flexible operation Economic studies indicate that single-containment tanks may actually be the most economical choice in aboveground storage. x. The truck transport of LNG is a complicated process. xi. Axens Liquefin process consists of two reffigeration cycles both using mixed refrigerants Page 1 of 3vii, Prestressed concrete tanks may be constructed at grade, below ground, or partially below grout IV. Choose the correct answer: (17 marks) 1. The cycle with the least power consumption is: a) The cascade cycle ») The single mixed refrigerant cycle The mixed refrigerant eycle with propane pre-cooling _d) Multi ~stage mixed refrigerant cycle 2. _In the cascade process the methane is used in which cycl seen) thesirstoyel Lom ©) the last eycle 3. The advantages of the mixed refrigerant cycles: a) The machinery configuration is simple b) low amount of rotary equipment ¢) It needs less vessels for refrigerant separation 4. Among the liquefaction processes under development: a) the Poly Refrigerant Integrated Cycle Operation ») the Axens Liquefin process ©) the Exxon Mobil Dual multicomponent process 4) the Technip-Tealare process ‘The most appropriate liquefaction process for small peak shave plants is: a) the expander cycle b) the MR with C3 precooling cycle ©) the dual MR cycle d) Cascade cycle 6. The boil-off gas is used in the precooling of the natural gas in: a) the Axens-Liquefin process »b) the Poly Refrigerant Integrated Cycle Operation ) the Exxon Mobi! Dual multicomponent process 4) the Technip-Tealare process 7. Matching as closely as possible the cooling/heating curves of the process gas and the refigerant results in: ) more efficient thermodynamic process b) mote power produced per unit of LNG produced ©) inerease in heat losses 8. Among the disadvantages of the cascade eycle: a) Complex machinery configuration ) Maintenance and spares costs tend to be high. ¢) high capital cost 4) all of the previous 9. Horizontal mined cavems have been experienced for: a) liquid oxygen storage b) liquid nitrogen storage ©) LNG storage 4) liquid helium storage 10. Exergy analysis is useful for: ®) increasing the safety of the cycle __b) evaluating and improving the efficiency of process cycles ©) identifying the efficiency of individual equipment 4) b)&e) « 11 Which of the following storage techniques has not been applied commercially for LNG storage: a) underground prestressed conerete tanks b) hybrid above ground constructions ©) frozen earth cavities 4) vertical mind caverns 12. The mach number of the compressor is ) Vetudes/Vsound at the same fluid conditions 1b) Veound/Vbiades at the same fluid conditions ©) Vitades/ Vian at the same fluid conditions d) none of the previous, (where V = velocity) 13. CAPEX is a fund used to a) afford unexpected expenses b) buy feed gas ©) develop existing units 4) pay for the used utilities 14. The area between the LNG cooling curve and the refrigerant heating curve in the duty curve represents: a) the amount of heat lost during the liquefaction process. ») the amount of work done on the system ©) the amount of refrigerant needed during the liquefaction process d) the amount of natural gas that can be liquefied Page 2 of 318. The heating element in the bottom of the storage tanks has the purpose of: a) enhancing the ground freezing ) controlling the rate of boil-off ©) controlling the ground freezing 4) none of the previous 16, The difference between the double containment and full containment design is: a) the inner tank material of construction ») the outer tank material of construction ©) the roof material of construction 17, At the LNG storage temperature the components having a significant vapor pressure are: a) methane and ethane b) methane and nitrogen o) ethane and propane 4) propane and butane 18. The final effective thermal conductivity attained by the frozen earth in the frozen earth cavities depends strongly on: a) the type of geologic formation b) the moisture content of the earth, ©) the LNG composition d) a) & b) 19. The highest power consumption is met in: 2) the cascade cycle b) the dual MR eycle 6) the single stage MR cycle 4) the expander cycle 20. The different pressures used in the preccoling stage of the APCI C3-MR: 4) allow to cool the propane to different temperatures b) minimize the load on the expander c) allow to cool the mixed refrigerant to different temperatures 4) None of the previous V. — Given the following APCI simplified schematic diagram, calculate the overall efficiency of the cycle (6 marks) Bepane | Mixed Refi »|_ Pre-Coaler 2=-160,0 tang, *C MPa 2 0.7 Kg | ‘s So Ka 1108 The eftgean) Ee : sei aig Tose) Best Wishes Prof. Dr. Yasmine Ossama Page 3 0f3