Professional Documents
Culture Documents
( BDA 3033 )
CHAPTER 6
Theories of Elastic
Failures
TEST 2: 14 DEC, 3-4.30PM, F2
ATAS
ASSIGNMENT 2 SUBMIT
TODAY
LAST TOPIC TODAY
GROUP PROJECT TODAY.
BASED ON LAB EXPT.
CHAPTER VI THEORIES OF FAILURE
Introduction
Maximum Normal Stress Theory (Rankine
Theory)
Maximum Normal Strain Theory (St-Venant
Theory)
Maximum Shear Stress Theory (Tresca Yield
Criterion)
Strain Energy Theory (Haigh Theory)
Maximum Distortion Energy Theory (Von
Misses)
INTRODUCTION ( CONTD..)
Stress-Analysis is performed on a component to
determine
The required “size or geometry” (design)
an allowable load (service)
cause of failure (forensic)
For all of these, a limit stress or allowable stress value
for the component material is required.
Hence, a Failure-Theory is needed to define the onset
or criterion of failure
INTRODUCTION (CONTD..)
FAILURE
•Occurs if a component can no longer function as intended.
•Failure Modes:
U
U
U
1
1 1
-U U
-U
MAXIMUM SHEARING STRESS THEORY
• This theory is based on the observation that
yield in ductile materials is caused by slippage
of the material along oblique surfaces and is
due primarily to shearing stress.
• A given structural component is safe as long as
the maximum value max of the shearing stress
in that component remains smaller than the
corresponding value of the shearing stress in a
tensile test specimen of the same material as
the specimen starts to yield.
• For a 3D complex stress system, the max shear
stress is given by:
max = ½ (1-2)
• On the other hand, in the 1D stress system as
obtained in the tensile test, at the yield limit,
1= Y and 2=0, therefore:-
• max= ½ Y
MAXIMUM SHEARING STRESS THEORY (CONT.)
Thus,
1 1
max Y and max 1 - 2
2 2
1 1
Y 1 - 2
2 2
1 - 2 Y 1 and 2 have opposite signs
1 Y
1 and 2 have same signs
2 Y
1 cm
15 kN 32.5 Nm
SOLUTION
P 15
Calculating 2 19
the.10kN 2 191
stresses MPa
caused by axial force and torque
A 0.5 cm
x
PP 15
x Tc 3.25150.52 19 . 10 kN kN 2 191 MPa
xyx A 0 . 5 2 165 19.5.MPa
10 cm 2 191 MPa
JA 00.5. 54 cm 165.5 MPa
Tc 3 . 25 0 . 5
xy Tc 2 3 . 25 0 . 5 165 . 5 MPa
xy J 0 . 5 4 165 . 5 MPa
J 2 191.1MPa
0 . 5 4
2
The Principal stresses
2
x y x y 2 2
11,,22
x x y xy xy
y 2
22 2 2
2
191
2 2
1, 2
191 x00 y 191
191
0
x
0 y
2
2
2 ( 165 . 5 )
2
2 (165 . 5 ) xy
22
2 2
95 . 5 191 . 1 2
95 .5 191
191 0 .1 191 0
1 95 . 6 (165 . 5 )
2
952.6
21 286 . 6 2
295 . 5 .6191 . 1
286
1 95 . 6
SOLUTION ( CONTD..)
Applying Maximum Shear stress theory
1 2 y
95.6 ( 286.6) 360
382.2 360
So shear failure occurs
Applying Maximum distortion theory
1
2 2
1 2 2 y
2
95.6
(95.6)(286.6) (286.6) 2 360 2
2
118677.9 129600
No Failure
PROBLEM 2
40 MPa
F.S
250
114.3
F.S
F.S 2.19
FRONT
Lab 3 Lab 1
Lab 5
Lab 4
Lab 2