Mechanics of Materials III:

Beam Bending
Dr. Wayne Whiteman
Senior Academic Professional and Director of the Office of Student Services
Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
Module 34 Learning Outcome
• Complete the design for an appropriate beam
to be used in a real world engineering
problem.
Elastic Worksheet: A steel beam is subject to a loading and
Beam Design has a cross section as shown below, Design for an
appropriate wide flange I-beam to carry the load.
90 kN
145 kN/m 90 kN

0.6 m 1.8 m 0.6 m 0.9 m

Select
W 356 X 45

S  688 X 10
3 3
mm
W 356 X 45 171 mm

S  688 X 10
3
mm
3
.. A 9.8 mm
B
6.9 mm

166.2 mm
Neutral
352 mm axis
.
C

9.8 mm
Critical Checks
Maximum flexural stress experienced at extreme fiber due to
maximum bending moment along the length of beam
Maximum transverse shear stress experienced at neutral axis
due to maximum shear force along the length of the beam
Maximum principal stress at the junction of the web and At the junction of the web and the flange, the simultaneous
flange due to the highest combination of bending moment high normal stress due to bending and the large transverse
and shear force along the length of the beam shear stress make it a critical point for investigation
 171 mm
W 356 X 45

S  688 X 10
3
mm
3 .B 9.8 mm

6.9 mm
Critical Checks
166.2 mm
Maximum principal
Neutral
stress at the junction of
axis
the web and flange due
to the highest 352 mm
combination of
bending moment and
shear force along the
length of the beam
9.8 mm

Where along the cross

section does the highest
combination of bending
moment and shear stress
occur, and what are those
values??
 171 mm
W 356 X 45

S  688 X 10
3
mm
3 .B 9.8 mm

6.9 mm
Critical Checks
166.2 mm
Maximum principal
Neutral
stress at the junction of
axis
the web and flange due
to the highest 352 mm
combination of
bending moment and
shear force along the
length of the beam
9.8 mm

V = 175.5 kN

M = 105.3 kN-m
 171 mm
W 356 X 45

S  688 X 10
3
mm
3 .B 9.8 mm

6.9 mm
Critical Checks
166.2 mm
Maximum principal
Neutral
stress at the junction of
axis
the web and flange due
to the highest
combination of
352 mm
V = 175.5 kN
bending moment and
shear force along the M = 105.3 kN-m
length of the beam
9.8 mm

Transverse Shear Stress for Non-Uniform Beam Bending

V Q where
  c

Ib Q   y
y dA  first moment of outward area

y = distance from N.A. to the

Q  y A
centroid of the outer area
A = outer area
 171 mm c
Q   y dA  first moment of outward area
cut . B 9.8 mm y

y = distance from N.A. to the

6.9 mm Q  y A
centroid of the outer area
y
166.2 mm A = outer area
Neutral
352 mm axis

9.8 mm

 9 . 8 mm 
QC  yA   166 . 2 mm   171 mm  9 . 8 mm 
 2 

Q C  286 , 730 mm
3
 171 mm
W 356 X 45

S  688 X 10
3
mm
3 .B 9.8 mm

6.9 mm
Critical Checks
166.2 mm
Maximum principal
Neutral
stress at the junction of
axis
the web and flange due
to the highest 352 mm V MAX  175 . 5 kN
combination of
Q C  286 , 730 mm
3
bending moment and
shear force along the
I  121 X 10
6 3
length of the beam mm
9.8 mm
Transverse Shear Stress for Non-Uniform Beam Bending
V Q 175 . 5 kN 286 , 730 mm
3
  175 . 5 kN 286 , 730 mm
3
1000 N / kN 
   
Ib
B
121 X 10
6
mm
3
6 .9 mm  121 X 10
6
mm
3
6 .9 mm 

N
 B
 60 . 3 2
 60 . 3 MPa
mm
 171 mm
W 356 X 45

S  688 X 10
3
mm
3 .B 9.8 mm

6.9 mm
Critical Checks
166.2 mm
Maximum principal
Neutral
stress at the junction of
axis
the web and flange due
to the highest 352 mm
combination of M = 105.3 kN-m
bending moment and
I  121 X 10
6 3
shear force along the mm
length of the beam
9.8 mm
Flexural Stress at B
y is the distance on the
M y
cross section from the
 B
 neutral axis
I

 1000 N   1000 mm 
105 . 3 kN  m 166 . 2 mm   
105 . 3 kN  m 166 . 2 mm   kN  m  N
 B
 6 4
 6 4
 144 . 6 2
 144 . 6 MPa
121 X 10 mm 121 X 10 mm mm
 171 mm
W 356 X 45

S  688 X 10
3
mm
3 .B 9.8 mm

6.9 mm
Critical Checks
166.2 mm
Maximum principal
Neutral
stress at the junction of
axis
the web and flange due
to the highest 352 mm
combination of
bending moment and
shear force along the
length of the beam
9.8 mm
N
 B
 60 . 3 2
 60 . 3 MPa
mm V Q
 
N
 B
 144 . 6 2
 144 . 6 MPa I b
mm

B M y
 
I
 N V Q
  60 . 3  60 . 3 MPa
B
mm
2  
I b
N
  144 . 6  144 . 6 MPa

B
B 2
mm
M y
 
I

.  MAX @ B
 94 . 1 MPa

 0 , 60 . 3  . R   72 . 3 
R  94 . 1
2
  60 . 3 
2

 MAX @ B
 94 . 1 MPa   ACTUAL
( ALLOWED )
 104 . 6 MPa

Ok!

center
 144 . 6 
 ,0 
. 
 2 
 72 . 3 , 0 
.
144 . 6 ,  60 . 3 
W 356 X 45 171 mm

S  688 X 10
3
mm
3
.. A 9.8 mm
B
6.9 mm

166.2 mm
Neutral
352 mm axis
.
C

9.8 mm
Critical Checks
Maximum flexural stress experienced at extreme fiber due to
maximum bending moment along the length of beam
Maximum transverse shear stress experienced at neutral axis
due to maximum shear force along the length of the beam
Maximum principal stress at the junction of the web and At the junction of the web and the flange, the simultaneous
flange due to the highest combination of bending moment high normal stress due to bending and the large transverse
and shear force along the length of the beam shear stress make is a critical point for investigation
Elastic Worksheet: A steel beam is subject to a loading and
Beam Design has a cross section as shown below, Design for an
appropriate wide flange I-beam to carry the load.
90 kN
145 kN/m 90 kN

0.6 m 1.8 m 0.6 m 0.9 m

Select
W 356 X 45

S  688 X 10
3 3
mm
ANS