SIRD, TamilNadu.

…
(Biotechnology)

…. . …………………………………………………………………

1
SIRD, TamilNadu.

-
;
;
;

;
.

¦ÅǢ£
Î

2
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(Input)
(Process) (Output)
, , ,
(Central (Plotter)
, ,
Processing
, Unit)
,

(Hardware), (Software) ,

(Liveware), (Firmware) ,

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1. –

2. –

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3. –

(Logrithm)

4. –

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. –

5
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. .

– 1940-1956

6
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– 1956-1963

– 1964-1971

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– 1971-1990

(Microprocessor)
‘
’ .
,
(Central Processing
Unit), (Memory), -
(Input-Output Control)

– –

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1. DESKTOP)

2. LAPTOP)

3. (NoteBook Computer)

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4. (TABLET PC)--

. Tablet PC
Pocket computer
.

ஆ)
1. -- Mainframe Computer

Mainframe .
, .
.

2. -- Mini Computer
Mainframe Mini Computer
. Mainframe
.
.

3. -- Micro Computer
personal Computer (PC) Micro
Computer .

10
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4. ) -- Super Computer
,
.
.

. , , ,

5. - Work Station

(
Computer Aided Design)
3 3Dimension)
.
. .
.

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1. Central Processing Unit)

2. (arithmetic and logic unit)
3. (Control unit)
4. (memory)
5. , (Input Unit & Output Unit)

, (busses)

(central processing unit)

, ,

- ,

(Integrated Circuit) .

microprocessor)

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2. (Control Unit)

3. (Arithmatic & Logic Unit) :-

. ,

, , , ,

(square root) .

(BOOLEAN TRUE/FALSE) .

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4.

Memory)

. .

, ,

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, 8

(Double word)

. .

 8 bits - 1 byte
 1024 bytes - 1 kilobyte (kb)
 1024 kb - 1 Megabyte (mb)
 1024 mb - 1 Gigabyte (gb)
 1024 gb - 1 Terabyte (tb)
 1024 tb - 1 Penta byte( pb)

15
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(HARDWARE)
,

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/ (monitor)

. (resolution)

(HD)

(Motherboard)

¸½¢ô¦À¡È¢¨Â þÂìÌžüÌò §¾¨ÅÂ¡É ´Õ ±¦ÄìðÃ¡É¢ì º÷ìäð§¼

±ÉôÀÎõ. ø Àø§ÅÚ ¿¢¨ÉŸí¸û, º¢Š¼õ, ¸ðÎôÀ¡ðÎ
ÀŠ¸û ¬¸¢ÂÅü¨È þ¨½ôÀ¾üÌ þ¼í¸û ¯ûÇÉ.

17
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– Central Processing Unit

central processing unit - CPU

,
transistors)

,
, ,

18
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/ Hard Drive)

(Read Only Memory) operating

system) , (application software),

(i.e)

RAM -Random Access Memory)

Hard disk)
1000

CPU)

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Random Access Memory - RAM)

(KEYBOARD)

, ,
,

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- (CD ROM DRIVE)

- CD-ROM) " - "

, ,
,

- (Polycorbonate)

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(Digital Versatile Disk)

7 GB

22
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(mouse):

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- Pen drive

, ,

, , , , ,

, .

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(Programs/Files) .

(Printer)

ச்சு ) ,

USB

 ,
(PhotoCopier) .

 ,

(WEBCAMERA)

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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

(SMPS)
.

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.
.

. (SIMM),
(DIMM), (RIMM) .

(BIOS):

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(software)
,

, ,

Programming Languages)

1. HTML), PHP), PERL), JSP),

*. ASP DOTNET), (XML),

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2. , ++, , # (C,C++,JAVA,C#) (SMALLTALK)

, .

System Software







(PROGRAMMER)

(Programming Software)

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. :







(INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT)

( )

(Application Software)

. :





 ,
 , ,

 , ,


31
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(Operating System)
 ,

 , ,

.
,
.

,
,
, ,
.

(Closed Source Software)

( 95, 98, 2000, Me XP, ,

7 . .
).

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(Source code)

(Software License)

, , .

. ¤

(1)
(2) . . /
(3)

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7 (Windows 7) Operating System

/ஆ :
(Windows NT)
ஆ (Closed/PROPRIETORY)
ServicePack) 1
:
:
version) : : 7

(desktop)

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(Drag

and Drop) .

Desktop image

(START MENU)




 .

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- extension right

arrow)

(All

Programs),

(short cut)

. )

StartClick Shutdown Select Restart in Combo box

. (shut down)
.

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Restart

Shutdown)

Windows7-

press Startclick Shutdown

” ” (shut down) .

(WINDOWS) :


Window)
 Window

 Windows Explorer .

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(Minimize)

(Maximize) (Close)

Maximize/ Restore
Window Button

Title bar

Minimize
button
Menu Bar

Close button

(drag the window):-

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Controls :

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

Controls

Text Box)

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Text Box

List Box)

(COMBO Box)

Combo button

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OK/Cancel , Yes / Or

(Radio Buttons)

Tabs

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Radio
Button

Check box

(Check Boxes)

(Tabs) :

(Group )

(Sliders)

Volume Control).

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Slider

(Status)

MS Word document

(Programs)

StartAll Programs Select any desired program

All Programs

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(Icons) :

Files)

(ICONS)

:-

File Information)

(File/Program Open):- (Double click on the specified Icon)

(Icon creation):-

StartAll Programs click any program icon drop icon in desktop

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.
menu):-
(TITLE BAR)
(MENU) .

(dialogbox) :-

45
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(CONTROL PANEL)

Press START  CONTROL PANEL

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Control Panelselect Date and time option

Date and time

International Standard Time

48
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StartControl Panel  Region and Languages

Region and Languages

, , ,

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Start  Control PanelPrograms and Features

(Printers)

Control PanelPrintersadd Printers

, ,

, (admin control)

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ச் (connect to a printer)

Start  Control Panel  Printers ,

, ,

Printers and Devices) ,

, (FAX)

(add printer) (Add Printer) ,

ஆ ச் Printing a file/document :

(File) , (Print)

(Status bar) ,

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ச் (PrintQueue)

Windows,

(PRINT QUEUE) .

சு (Empty Recycle Bin)

double click the Recycle bin ,

Click Empty Recycle Bin

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ீ (Restore the deleted items)

Double click the specific item within the Recycle Bin

- - ,

(Restore File)

(RESTORE)

) ) (Files and Folders)

Windows ,

(FOLDER OPTION) ,

(VIEW)

, , ,

(GROUPS)

(Authorised USER). .

(Authorised User Accounts)

Unauthorised User

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ணு (GUESTUser)

Windows 7-

, ,

Windows 7

(Creation of User Accounts)

(Create new User account)

Start Control PanelUser Accountnew users

Start  Control Panel  User Account  new users  name to the new user

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, (Account Type)

ச் (insert user photo): - Windows 7

LOGIN)

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FONTS)

STARTCONTROLPANELFONTScopy the specified font

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 -

 -


-

 (DISPLA -

 -

 (TASK BAR AND START MENU)-

 (WINDOWS UPDATE) –

 (BACKUP and RESTORE) –

 (DEVICE MANAGAR) –

 (GAME CONTROLLER) –

 (SECURITY CENTER) –

 (SCANNER & CAMERA) –

 (POWER OPTION)-

 (ADD NEW HARDWARE) –

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(SOURCE CODE)

 .
.

 , Spyware .
 Crash .
 .
Defragmentation .

.
 License
.
 100 File System .
File System (FAT, NTFS)
.
 Primary Partition - .
Logical Partition .
 PDA, CELL PHONES, SUPER COMPUTERS
.

 Kernal Driver

. ளூ .

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1. :
2.
3. :(OpenSource).
4. , :
5. :
6.
7.
8. , (Portability)
.

1. ,
2.

(Linux File System)

(File) ?

(Hard Disk)

. , ,

(Directory) ?

1. Root Directory
2. Sub Directory

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Root Directory( ஆ ):
Root Directory . Root Directory

“/”(SLASH) .

Root Directory . Root Directory – Rename)

Delete) .

Sub Directory :
Root Directory Sub Directory . Sub

Directory (Rename) (Delete)

(Directory) ,

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ஆ :

. FAT(File Allocation Table), NTFS(Network

Transfer File System) .

:
Ext2 : . blocks,

inodes Directories .

Ext3 : Ext2

(Journalling) . Journalling

(RECOVER) .

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Ext4: ext4 ext3 .

, .

XFS : XFS -

16 . 8

XFS .

ISOFS(ISO 9660) : CDROM .

SYSFS :
RAM-based , Kernel

Objects .

ProcFS :

kernel – (Data Structures)

interface . Runtime - sysctl

Kernel parameter System

NFS :

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Server/Client (Concept) , ,

Network File System .

Terminal - mount

Mount .

Directory –
C: , D: , F: , G: , ........

(Hard Disk) . / , /root , /home ,

/boot , /bin , /use , /sbin , /mnt , / ....

. / (root)

. .

/(ROOT) -

/ .

/root
/bin
/usr
/home
/bin - (binary)

/boot -

/dev – Device

/home – home directory

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/lib–

/periyar home directory

(Logging in/Logging out of Linux)

(user login) .

(Login Page) . (user name)

, ( ) (Password)

, .

, .

ilamathi@localhost ilamathi]>

, .

(Case Sensitive). ,

, HOME DIRECTORY (System Admin) .

(Logging Out)

, .

ச்

. Change password

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Administrator, Memory , Network, user, Cpu

TOP Command)

pid . terminal top type

.

Vmstat
memory , cpu ,porcess id ,

, vmstat type

Uptime system)

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free
free memory area

ps

process id w login

. htop, Nagios, Cacti, nmap, vnstat, lsof

network connection

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Pwd-->Print Working Directory

print . $pwd Enter Key

. home directory /home print

$cd /home/kathirvel directory $pwd

/home/kathirvel print .

$man

manual

67
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top manual

$ man top

mv Command

. $mv file1 file2 file1

file2 file1 .

; (semi colon)

. :

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$cal;date;time

cal , date , time

History command
history)

(Terminal) history .

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. clear

(termianl) history -c .

சு :

$history

history- clear :- $history-c

SORT Command

sort .

$sort < >.

ls Command

$ls -option

$ ls -*.txt

rm command
$rm filename

$rm rest.txt rest.txt

cp command

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$cp filename1 filename2

filename1

filename2 .

$cp rest1.txt rest2.txt

rest1.txt rest2.txt

mkdir command
$mkdir directory name

$mkdir sird sird

chdir command

$chdir <directory name>

Chmod command

$chmod

mode <file or directory name>

rmdir command
$rmdir directory name

$rmdir rest rest

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who command

$who am i

“ ஆ “

“ ”

“ “

 Microsoft Office 95
 Microsoft Office 97
 Microsoft Office 2000
 Microsoft Office XP(2002)
 Microsoft Office 2003
 Microsoft Office 2007
 Microsoft Office 2010

“ ”

Of

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2010

(Find) .

shadow, bevel, glow, and reflection

, .

Backstage , .

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2010

. ,

Microsoft Office 2010

 Microsoft Word 2010

 Microsoft Excel 2010
 Microsoft Access 2010
 Microsoft PowerPoint 2010
 Microsoft Outlook 2010
)

Start  All Programs Microsoft Office  Microsoft Word 2010

74
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” ”

New, Save, Open, SaveAs,

Quick Access Tool

Office Button Quick Access Tool Bar Ribbon

-
“ ”
Menu Bar

Ruler):-
1) “ ” -

2)
3) - -

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4. “ ”
-

.
(Size)
1) “ ” -
2)
3)

76
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Margin)
1) “ ” -
2) “ ”
3)

“ “
.
Orientation)
1)

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2)
3)

ச்சு Formatting):

“ ”

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ச்சு (Change the Font)

1)

2)
(Selection Process)

3)

4) ” ” -

5)

6)

ச்சு Change Font Size

)
1)
(Selection Process)

2)

3)

4)

5)

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ச்சு Bold)
1)
(Selection Process)

2)

3) “ ” -

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SIRD, TamilNadu.

ச்சு (Alignment)
1)
(Selection Process)
2) T

3) -

ச்சு
Bullets and Numbering)
1)
(Selection Process)

2)

3) -

4) “ ”-

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ச்சு CUT):-
1)
(Selection Process)

2)

3) -

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ச்சு Cut &

Paste):-
1)
(Selection Process)

2)

3) -

4)

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ச்சு
Copy):-
1)
(Selection Process)

2)

3) -

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ச்சு Copy
& Paste):-
1)

2)

3) -

4)

5)

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(Save)
1)

2)
3) “ ”

ச்சு ச்சு )
1)
2)

86
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3)
4)

5)

ச்சு
(Find)
1)
(Selection Process)

2)

3) -
4)

87
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5)

6)

ச்சு (Find &

Replace)
1)
(Selection Process)

2)

3) -
4)

5)

88
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ச்சு
Spelling and Grammer)
1)
(Selection Process)

2)

3) .

4)
.

5)

6) “ ”

89
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Option:

90
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Option

(New) :

1) MS Word 2010

2)

3)
.

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1)

2)

3)
.

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Microsoft Excel – 2010

(Decision Making) .

STARTAll Programs  Microsoft Office  Microsoft Excel 2010

ROWS( and

COLUMNS .

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Cell format controls

Formula
bar Expand
ACTIVE formula bar
CELL

Active
Sheet Status bar
pagelayout Page
Inactive sheet Zoom

1 Active Cell
2 Formula Bar Cell

3 Cell format Controls

94
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4 Expand Formula Bar

5 Active Sheet
6 Inactive Sheet

7 Status Bar

8 Page Layout

9 Page Zoom

: -
Exc -

Formatting).

95
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-
Column

1)

96
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2)

Addition):-
1)

2)

3) A3

4)
“ ”

5)

6)

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Copy Formula)
1) “ ” ” ”
“ ”

2)

3)

4)

5)

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(Sum Function):-
1)

2) Enter

3)

99
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1) (=B1+B2+B3)

2)

3) ” ”

Function

(BODMAS Rule)
1)

2) “ ”

100
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BODMAS Rule
.
BODMAS Rule

1) B- Bracket First

2) Orders – (ie Powers and Squareroots etc.)

3) DM – Division and Multiplication(Left to Right)

4) AS – Addition and Subtraction (Left to Right)

- 4 x 5 + 2 = 22
4 + 5 x 2 = 14

4 + 5 X 2
(Alignment)
1)
.

2)

3)

101
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Colouring)
1)

2)

3)

4)
.

102
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(Number Formatting)
1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

ச்சு ச்சு )
1)
2)
3)
4)

5)

103
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ஆ -1

-3.2 .
-3.2 148MB
www.openoffice.org
( -1.1).

104
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( -1.2) .

.
1. Start .
(All) programm
STARTALL PROGRAMSOpen OfficeClick the specified application.

105
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2. Open
Office 3.2 .

3. Open Office 3.2 -

( -1.3)
.
ஆ -3.2 ( -1-4)
1) ஆ ஆ .
,
,
.
2) , ஆ
.
, .
3) ) ,
ஆ .
,
.
4) ஆ
. ,
,
.

106
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5) ஆ

.
6)
ஆ
.

-1.4
ஆ , ,

.
File=>New=>Templates and Documents
Shift+Ctrl+N
.
.
(Fax) File
(wizard)
.

ஆ ஆ

107
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1. File => Save As .

2. Save As ( -1.5) File Type

Save .

1. Tools => Options=>Load/Save=>General

2. Options Document Type
File Type
Ok ( -1.6).
Options

. Save As
.

108
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1. .
2. .
3. Start  settingsControl PanelAdd or Remove Programs

4. Control Panel- Add or Remove Programs

OpenOffice.org 3.2 Change .
5. (Setup) Modify
next

6.
ok, (Setup)
.( -1.7)

-1.7
ஆ ஆ

,
.
1. File  Wizards Document Converter .
2. Document Converter Wizard ( -1.8)
(auto copy)
.
3.2 (OS),
(OS) .

109
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ஆ (Open Office org Writer )

Text Document .
-1 (Untitled-1 Open office org Writer )
.

(Title bar).
(Menu bar) .
(Tool bar).
.
(men
bar) File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Window, Help
.
Table
, Data ; Slide show
Modify .
File .
2-1 File
.

File New
Ctrl+N
New ( -2-1). new

110
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File=>New
Ctrl+N
File

ஆ
ஆ Untitle
. File=> New=> Text
Document . Ctrl + N
. Untitle
.
ஆ ஆ ; ச்சு

(Flashing) (Vertical bar) .

(Inserting point) .
.

( )
(Enter) .

111
SIRD, TamilNadu.

(wrap) .

.
.
ஆ ஆ

.
(Directory)
(Folder) .

1. File => Save

. -03-1 (Save as)
(Dialog box) .
2.
Save in
.
3.
.
4.
(Folder) .
5. ( File Name)
.
6.

Save as Type
) . -03-1-

112
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save .
;
.
File => Save Ctrl+S
.
ஆ ஆ

File=> Close .
ஆ ஆ

File => Open

. -03-2 (Open)
. Save as
.
Open .
.

ஆ ; ஆ

.
1. (Menu bar)
.
.

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2.
.
File => Close

- .
File => Wizards => ி் ( -
4.1 ) Letter .

-4-2
Letter wizards .
Next

Finish .

-4-2

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.
, ,
.

. -4.1 File =>Wizards=>

ி் Agenda .

-4-3

-4-3 Agenda wizards

Agenda Agenda wizards .
Next ,Next

Finish .
Agenda .

-4-4

115
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, ,

,
-4-4
(Minutes ) .
-4.1 File =>Wizards=>
ி் Agenda .
-4-4 Agenda wizards
Minutes Agenda wizards .
Next ,Next
Finish
.

.
-4.1
File =>Wizards=> ி்
Presentation . -4-5 Presentation
wizards Presentation Presentation
wizards .

116
SIRD, TamilNadu.

5-1
File => Wizards=> .
Document converter .
5-1 Document converter
Microsoft office ,
Word documents next
.

Import from
Ellipse .

next .

Do you want to create now? 5-2

(templates)
Yes No

117
SIRD, TamilNadu.

next .
Convert .

File =>Wizards=>
. Web page
. 5-3 Web wizard
Steps 1.Introduction ,2.Documents, 3.Main layout ,
4. Layout details ,5.Style ,6.Web Site Information ,7.Preview .
1.Introduction .
choose settings for the web wizard default

2.Documents . Add
5-4
பூ
.
, ,
.
, , , 3.Main
layout , 4. Layout details ,5.Style , .

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6.Web Site Information . 5-5

,
Next .

5-6 where do you want to publish your web site

To a local folder E:\skwebpage finish

.

Your web site was created successfully into E:\skwebpage

ok
.

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web wizard preview

. >> Start ( ) >> Control Panel (

) >> Regional and Language option ( )
-01: “Location”
-02: “India”
-03: “OK”
-04: “Keyboards and Language”
-05: “Change Keyboards”
-06: “Add”
-07: “Hindi” .
-08: +

-09: + .
-10: “Devnagari Hindi (Inscript)” “Hindi Traditional”
.
-10: “Ok” “Apply” .
-11: ( ) “EN” .
-12:
-13: “EN” .
-12: .

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-13: “Alt + Shift” ( )

.
-14: ,
.
.
-15:
.

NHMWriter
NHM Writer Unicode Writer

NHMWriter ?

NHM Writer Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannadam, Malayalam, Marathi,

Punjabi, Tamil & Telugu 10

Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, Opera,

Window Live Writer, Outlook, Notepad, MS-Word, MS-Excel, MS-

Powerpoint MS-Office .

8/7/XP/2003/Vista .

NHM Writer

. amma

121
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NHM Writer ?

NHM Writer
.
http://software.nhm.in/products/writer

Click here to download NHM Writer

(NHMWriterSetup1511.exe) .

: Next .

2 : I accept the agreement Next

122
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3 : Next .

4 : Next

123
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5 : Next .

6 : Next

NHMWRITER .

124
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NHM Writer ?

NHM Writer Toolbar

NHM Writer

ச்சு ?

(Left)

, .

.
, Alt Key 4
.
, Alt Key 0 .

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(Right)

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Alt Key .

ச்சு ?

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(Right) .

126
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On-Screen Keyboard .

, , , , ச்சு ?

. NHM Writer, Key

Preview .

Key Preview

(Right)

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Key Preview .

a ” ”

. ” ” ” ” ,

” ” "a;" ah

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(NETWORK & INTERNET)

NETWORK)

.
.

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 (Wireless LAN- WLAN)
 (MetroPoliton Area Network – MAN)
 (Wide Area Network)
 (Personal Area Network)

, , ,
.
(Wires), (Cables) , (Hub),
(Switch) ,
(Bridge), / (Router), (Gateway)
. /
(Wireless Network Technologies)
.

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.
:

 · (Wireless PAN): , ளூ , ,
,
.
 · (Wireless LAN):
(Wi-Fi) .
 (Wireless MAN): (WiMax)
.
 (Wireless WAN):
.

:
 (1) (Data Communication)
(2) (Resource Sharing)
(3) , (Data Security)
(4) (Workload)

INTERNET

(Internet)

, (OPTICAL
FIBRE)
.

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(world wide web)

(Articles), (Texts), (Documents),
(Images) , (Data) .

(Video

- j
JCR Joseph Carl
Robnett Licklider Internet

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Utah)
,

ARPANET
1970
BITNET, USENET, UUCP

1980 NSFNET
National Science Foundation NFS
–

1) (phone connection)
2) (MODEM)
3) (Internet Account)
4) (BROWSER)
5) )
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Protocol) ி்

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* Internet Explorer)
* (Netscape navigator)

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* "Opera")
* " "
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/ ‎

‎ ‎

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‎ ,

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Data base)

links)

Images

Options Preferences ‎

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AND, OR, NOT Boolean Operator

30

Google, Yahoo , Bing, Windows Live Search, Ask, askjeeves, AOL, Altavista, Lycos,
Hotbot etc.

134
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- (TEXT BASED)

(E-Commerce)

,
.
:

· ,
- (Business Internal).

·
(Business to Business - B2B).

· ,
(Business to Consumer - B2C).

·
(Consumer to Consumer - C2C

135
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/ (Outsourcing)

‘ ’ (Information Technology - IT) .

.
(IT Enabled Services - ITES)
.

· (Call Centres):
.

· (Back Office Operations):

, ,
, .

· / (Documentation / Translation):
,
, ,
.

· (Content Development): ,
, .

· / (Network Consultancy / Management):

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miyngÁ _y« ã®thf MSik

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k‰W«‎ brašgL¤jΫ‎ òÂa‎ Kiw‎ bjhêš‎ E£g§fis‎ãiwÎ‎ brŒJ‎eilbgWtij‎neh¡»‎ K‹ndW»wJ.‎ ‎ Ϫj
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ö\´v°øÚ¥ £¯ß£L¤jyh«.

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ã®thf‎ ‎ gçt®¤jidfŸ‎ RKfkhf‎ eilbgw‎ VJthf‎ murh§f‎ ‎ Ïizajs‎ Ïiz¥òfSl‹‎ Toa‎ fâåfis‎ »uhk‎ Cuh£Á‎

138
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k‰W«‎Ïju‎Jiw‎mYtyf§fëY«‎‎»il¡FkhW‎cWÂ‎brŒJŸsJ.

www.tn.gov.in

139
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– .

 :

Cuf ts®¢Á¤ Jiw Ïizajs«

140
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Cuf ts®¢Á¤ Jiw mYtyf§fŸ‎ k‰W«‎ ‎ bghJk¡fë‹ ga‹gh£o‰fhf‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎

“www.tnrd.gov.in”‎ v‹w‎Ïizajs¤ij ãWé guhkç¡»wJ. Ϫj Ïizajs« Ñœf©l‎ gaDŸs‎ jftšfis‎cŸsl¡»‎
cŸsJ.‎‎
1. khãy,‎kht£l,‎t£lhu,‎bjhF¥ò‎k‰W«‎»uhk‎mséyhd‎bjhl®ò‎v©fŸ
2. kht£l,‎t£lhu,‎»uhk§fë‹ g£oaš
3. kht£l,‎t£lhu,‎»uhk§fë‹‎tiugl§fŸ
4. Jiw‎ mYty®fŸ,‎ fšéahs®fŸ,‎ MuhŒ¢Áahs®fŸ‎ k‰W«‎ bghJ‎ k¡fŸ‎ M»at®fS¡F‎ ga‹‎
më¡F«‎tifæš‎flªj‎15‎M©Lfëš‎Jiwæš‎‎Ïa‰w¥g£l‎murhizfŸ‎ Ϥjs¤Âš‎Ïl«‎bg‰WŸsd.

5. ϤjftšfŸ‎ Ïiza‎ js‎ neçil‎ f©fhâ¥ò‎ brašghLfŸ‎ _y«‎ m›t¥nghJ‎ Kiwahf‎ nk«gL¤j¥g£L, mit
ga‹bgWgt®fS¡F cjλ‹wd.

Ïizajs neçilahd £l¡ f©fhâ¥ò

Ïizajs‎ neçilahd‎ £l¡‎ f©fhâ¥ò‎ bk‹bghUŸ,‎ khãy‎ k‰W«‎ k¤Âa‎ muR‎ g§Fl‹
brašgL¤j¥gL«‎ £l§fis‎ Áwªj‎ Kiwæš‎ f©fhâ¡f‎ cUth¡f¥g£LŸsJ.‎ ‎ kht£l,‎ t£lhu,‎ »uhk‎ mséš‎
brašgL¤j¥gL«‎£l§fis‎gšntW‎KfikfŸ‎_y«‎f©fhâ¡f¥‎ga‹gL»wJ.‎‎‎Ϫj‎bk‹bghUŸ‎cgnah»¥ngh®‎
vëš‎‎ga‹gL¤Â¡‎bfhŸS«‎‎tifæš‎totik¡f¥g£L‎brašgL¤j¥gL»wJ.‎‎‎‎

Ϫj‎bk‹bghUŸ‎ga‹gh£o‹‎_y«‎ËtU«‎£l§fŸ‎f©fhâ¡f¥gL»‹wd.
 Kjštç‹‎Nça‎xë‎r¡ÂÍl‹‎Toa‎‎gRik‎ÅLfŸ‎£l«
 jäœehL‎F¡»uhk§fŸ‎K‹nd‰w¤Â£l«‎(jhŒ)

141
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 cŸf£lik¥ò‎trÂfŸ‎
 rhiyfŸ.
 ghuhSk‹w‎cW¥Ãd®‎cŸq®‎bjhFÂ‎nk«gh£L‎£l«.
 r£lk‹w‎cW¥Ãd®‎bjhFÂ‎nk«gh£L‎£l«
 gŠrha¤J‎uh{‎
 gFÂfŸ‎ts®¢Á¤‎£l«.‎( BRGF, NNT, SEDP, WGDP)
 FoÚ® éãnahf«
 KG‎Rfhjhu‎£l«‎‎(ã®kš‎ghu¤‎mÃah‹)
 xU§»iz¡f¥g£l‎tUthŒ‎Áw¥ò¡‎TW‎£l«‎.

Ï«bk‹bghUë‹ (Software) gšntW‎Áw¥ò‎m«r§fŸ

 kht£l‎mséš‎ã®thf‎mDkÂ‎më¤J‎ntiyfis‎cUth¡Fjš
 gy‎ãiyfëš‎cŸs‎£l‎K‹nd‰w§fis‎Ï‹iwa‎njÂæš‎rçbrŒjš
 nk«gL¤j¥g£l‎ ãÂ‎ ãiy‎ (gzgçkh‰w«)‎ F¿¤j‎ jftšfŸ‎ k‰W«‎ ‎ brY¤J‎ Ó£L‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ étu§fis‎
rçbrŒjš.
 khãy,‎kht£l,‎t£lhu‎mséyhd‎£l§fë‹‎brašghL‎‎ãiyfŸ‎‎‎f©fhâ¤J‎‎m¿jš.
 khãy,‎kht£l,‎t£lhu‎mséyhd‎ãÂ‎bryéd‎K‹nd‰w§fis‎f©fhâ¤J‎‎m¿jš.
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 všyh¤‎£l§fŸ‎F¿¤J«‎f©fhâ¥ig‎btëæLjš.
 òé ãiy¥gh£L £l¤Jl‹‎Toa‎f©fhâ¥òfŸ.

142
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Ïizajs«‎_y«‎t§»‎fz¡FfŸ‎f©fhâ¤jš

Cuf ts®¢Á¤ Jiwæ‹ gšntW‎ £l§fS¡F‎ »uhk‎ gŠrha¤J, t£lhu« _y« tH§f¥gL« ãÂ
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1. »uhk Cuh£Á bghJãÂ.

2. jäœehL‎FoÚ®‎tofhš‎thça«/ jäœehL‎ä‹thça¤Â‰F‎bjhif‎tH§F«‎ã¡fz¡F
3. £l ã¡fz¡F.
4. kfh¤kh fhªÂ njÁa Cuf ntiy cW £lã¡ fz¡F – jäœehL‎
5. Å£Ltr £l ã¡ fz¡F

ãÂ‎tuÎ‎/‎bryÎfis‎rçahd‎Kiwæš‎f©fhâ¡fΫ,‎Ïizajs«‎_ykhf‎neçilahf‎t§»¡‎fz¡Ffis‎ã®t»¡fΫ‎Ϫj‎Kiw‎
ga‹gL¤j¥g£L‎tU»wJ.

143
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Ï«bk‹bghUë‹ Áw¥g«r§fŸ

 X›bthU‎ ehS«‎ eilbgW«‎ tuÎbryÎ‎ F¿¤j‎ gšntW‎ fz¡FfŸ‎ F¿¤j‎ jftšfŸ‎ njÁa‎ jftš‎ ika¤Âš‎
guhkç¡f¥gL«‎r®tçš‎gÂÎbrŒa¥gL«.‎

 Ïj‹‎ _y«‎ x›bthU‎ fz¡FfisÍ«‎ ã®th»fŸ‎ MŒÎ‎ brŒaΫ,‎ ‎ Âdrç‎ Mu«g/KoÎ ÏU¥òfis m¿ªJ
bfhŸsΫ‎‎trÂfŸ‎brŒa¥g£LŸsJ.‎‎

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mG¤Jtj‹‎_y«‎m¿ªJ‎bfhŸsyh«.

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cgnahf§fis‎f£L¥gL¤j‎Cuh£Áfshš‎nk«gL¤j¥g£LŸsJ.

kfh¤kh‎fhªÂ‎njÁa‎ntiy‎thŒ¥ò‎cWÂ‎£l‎‎Ïizajs«

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brašgL¤j¥gL»wjh‎vd¡‎f©fhâ¡fΫ,‎WWW.nrega.nic.in v‹w‎Ϫj‎Ïizajs«‎‎brašg£L‎tU»wJ.

Ïj‹‎K¡»a‎Áw¥g«r§fŸ
 ntiy‎nfhUgt®fŸ‎g‰¿a‎jftšfis‎gÂÎ‎brŒjš.
 ntiy‎milahs‎m£il‎m¢ÁLjš.
 njit F¿¤j XJ¡ÑL.
 gâ xJ¡ÑL
 x›bthU‎gâah£fë‹‎tUif.
 gâah£fë‹‎Âd¡Tè‎F¿¤j‎jftšfŸ.
 k¤Âa‎ muÁl«‎ ÏUªJ‎ kht£l‎ ã®thf¤Â‰F«,‎ kht£l‎ ã®thf¤Âš‎ ÏUªJ‎ t£lhu¤Â‰F«,‎
t£lhu¤ÂèUªJ‎»uhk‎cW¥Ãd®fS¡F«‎Ïilna‎eilbgW«‎gâgçt®¤jidfis‎gÂÎ‎brŒjš.
 gâfŸ‎F¿¤j‎r_f‎jâ¡if‎Ïizajs¤Âš‎gÂÎ‎brŒjš.
144
SIRD, TamilNadu.

 k¤Âa,‎khãy,‎kht£l‎mséyhd‎m¿¡iffŸ‎tH§Fjš.
 F¡»uhk‎thçahf‎kfh¤kh‎fhªÂ‎njÁa‎ntiy‎cWÂ‎£l¤Â‹‎gâah£fŸ‎tUif‎F¿¤j‎jftšfŸ‎11.00‎
kâ¡FŸ‎khãy‎muR¡F‎bjça¥gL¤Jjš.
 öu§fë‹mo¥gilæš‎ »uhk‎ gŠrha¤J‎ mséyhd‎ gâfS¡F‎ mYty®fshš‎ tH§f¥gl‎ fz¡»L«‎
bghU£L‎bjçé¤jš.

Cuf‎cŸsh£Á‎gFÂfS¡fhd ã xJ¡ÑL

jäœeh£oš‎ 31‎ kht£l§fS«,‎ 385‎ t£lhu§fS«,‎ 12524‎ »uhk‎ Cuh£ÁfS«‎ gšntW‎ £l§fë‹‎
Ñœ‎ãÂ‎xJ¡ÑL‎brŒa¥gL»wJ.‎‎bgça‎mséyhd‎bjhif‎x›bthU‎ã®thfK«‎‎fz¡»£L‎tH§»l‎nt©oÍŸsJ.‎‎

145
SIRD, TamilNadu.

Ïj‹‎fhuzkhf‎V‰gL«‎fhyjhkj¤ij‎j鮡f‎Ϫj‎bk‹bghUŸ‎cUth¡f¥g£L‎ga‹gL¤j¥gL»wJ.

bk‹‎bghUë‹‎K¡»a m«r«

 xU‎ bgh¤jhid‎ mG¤Jtj‹‎ _y«‎ cŸsh£ÁfS¡F‎ xJ¡ÑL‎ brŒa¥gL«‎ ãÂ‎ rçahf¡ fz¡»£L
Jšèakhf‎tH§f¥gL»wJ.
 khãy,‎kht£l‎k‰W«‎t£lhu‎mséyhd‎bjhF¡f¥g£l‎m¿¡iffŸ‎bgW«‎tê
 khãy,‎kht£l‎k‰W«‎t£lhu‎mséyhd‎éçthd‎m¿¡iffis‎bgW«‎trÂ‎
 m¿¡iffŸ‎“v¡[š”‎(Excel)‎got¤Âš‎Ïw¡f«‎brŒJ‎bfhŸsyh«.
 khãy‎mséš‎v©â¡if¥ g£oaš‎m¿¡iffis‎cUth¡F«,‎nkY«‎mnj‎got¤Âš‎ã¤Jiw¡F‎njit¥gL«‎
“v¡[š”‎got¤Âš‎ã¤Jiw¡F‎rk®¥Ã¡F«
cŸsh£Á‎mik¥ò¡fhd‎fz¡F‎Kiw‎bk‹bghUŸ

ϤJiwæ‹‎ËtU«‎Ïizajs«‎_y«‎ (http://accountingonline.gov.in) v‹»w‎“Ãçah‎rh¥£”‎

(PRIA Soft) v‹»w‎ bk‹bghUŸ‎ x‹iw‎ Ï«khãy‎ gŠrha¤J‎ uh{‎ mik¢rf«‎ cUth¡»ÍŸsJ.‎ ‎ ÏJ‎ ‎ Ïizajs«‎
_y«‎neçilahf‎f©fhâ¡F«‎xU‎brašghL‎MF«.‎‎ÏJ‎»uhk‎Cuh£ÁfŸ,‎t£lhu‎Cuh£ÁfŸ‎k‰W«‎kht£l‎
Cuh£Áfë‹‎fz¡Ffis‎cŸÇL‎brŒÍ«.

Ϫj‎bk‹bghUë‹‎Áw¥g«r§fŸ
 tiyjs«‎k‰W«‎vëa‎Kiw‎cgnahf«
 cŸq®‎bkhê‎MjuÎ
 fz¡F¤ jiy¥òfis‎vëš‎bjçªJ‎bfhŸshjthW‎Ϫj‎bk‹bghUŸ‎kiwthf‎it¤ÂU¡F«

146
SIRD, TamilNadu.

 Âdrç‎fz¡F‎ò¤jf«‎k‰W«‎buh¡f‎ò¤jf«‎fz¡F‎F¿¥ò‎gÂÎ‎brŒÍ«.
 £l« - thçahf buh¡f ò¤jf«, ngnuL ò¤jf« guhkç¡F«.
 £l«‎thçahf‎xJ¡ÑL‎fhnrhiy‎tuÎ‎k‰W«‎tH§»a‎égu§fŸ‎
 K‹‎gz¥‎gÂntL
 tNè¡f¥gl‎nt©oaitfŸ‎k‰W«‎bfhLgl‎nt©oaitfŸ‎F¿¤j‎gÂntL
 M©L‎tuÎ‎k‰W«‎bryÎ‎fz¡F
 khjhªÂu‎x¤ÂirÎ‎g£oaš
 KoÎ ÏU¥ò m¿¡if
 ÏU¥ò¥gÂntL
jhŒ‎£l¤Â‰fhd‎F¡»uhk§fŸ‎fz¡bfL¥ò

Ïizajs«‎_y«‎neçilahf‎f©fhâ¡F«‎£l«‎x‹W,‎khãy¤Âš‎cŸs‎mid¤J‎F¡»uhk§fS¡F«‎njitahd‎
cŸf£lik¥ò‎trÂfis¡‎f©LÃo¤J‎eilKiw¥gL¤j‎cUth¡f¥g£lJ.

Ï«bk‹bghUŸ‎ gšntW‎ £l§fis,‎ F¿¥ghf‎ “jhŒ”‎ £l«‎ brašgL¤J«nghJ‎ £läL«‎ brašfS¡F‎

cjéahf‎ÏU¡F«.‎‎Ïš‎bjUthçahd‎18‎éjkhd‎égu§fŸ‎F¿¤j‎got§fŸ,‎mo¥gil‎cŸf£lik¥ò‎trÂfŸ‎F¿¤j‎
égu§fŸ‎ nrfç¡f¥gL»‹wd.‎ ‎ gšntW‎ éjkhd‎ m¿¡iffŸ‎ cUth¡f¥gL»‹wd.‎ ‎ »uhk‎ Cuh£Áæš‎ £l§fis‎
brašgL¤J«‎K‹ghf‎gF¥ghŒÎ‎brŒJ‎£lälš‎eilbgW»wJ.

mid¤J‎ F¡»uhk§fS¡F«‎ Óça‎ Kiwæš‎ f£Lkhd‎ gâfŸ‎ el¡f‎ Ϫj‎ bk‹bghUŸ‎ cjé‎ brŒ»wJ.‎
vªj‎»uhk¤Âš‎v›éj‎f£lik¥ò‎‎trÂ‎Ïšiynah‎mij‎bjçªJ‎bfh©L‎m›trÂfis‎V‰gL¤j‎cjλwJ.

e-District

147
SIRD, TamilNadu.

www.tnvelaivaaippu.gov.in






148
SIRD, TamilNadu.

www.tn.gov.in/services

149
SIRD, TamilNadu.

www.tn.gov.in

www.tnagrisnet.tn.gov.in,www.tnagrimark.tn.nic.in

150
SIRD, TamilNadu.

151
SIRD, TamilNadu.

http://www.tnau.ac.in/webedu/index.htm
www.tnreginet.net

www.tahdco.tn.gov.in

152
SIRD, TamilNadu.

153
SIRD, TamilNadu.

154
SIRD, TamilNadu.

www.textbookonline.tn.nic.in

www.tn.gov.in
Directorate of
Technical Education , Gandhigram Rural Institute, Madras Medical College, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University (TNAU), Tamil Virtual University , Universities in TN,www.tndte.com

155
SIRD, TamilNadu.

www.tn.gov.in

Micro,Small and
Medium Enterprise Department(www.msmeonline.tn.gov.in) :

156
SIRD, TamilNadu.

www.tneb.in
www.teda.in

http://escholarship.tn.gov.in/

157
SIRD, TamilNadu.

158
SIRD, TamilNadu.

159
SIRD, TamilNadu.

160
SIRD, TamilNadu.

161
SIRD, TamilNadu.

162
SIRD, TamilNadu.

163
SIRD, TamilNadu.

www.india.gov.in

ச்

www.rural.nic.in

IAY, MGNREGA, NSAP, NRLM, PMGSY, CAPART, BHARAT NIRMAN, PURA,

PMRDF, SGSY

164
SIRD, TamilNadu.

www.panchayat.gov.in RGSY

(RASTRIYA GRAM SWARAJ YOJANA), BRGF(Backward Region Grand Fund), RGGSP , RGPSA,

PANCHAYAT EMPOWERMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY INCENTIVE SCHEME

(PEAIS)

165
SIRD, TamilNadu.

1. Ãçahrh¥£- m¿Kf«

_‹wL¡F‎Cuh£Áfëš‎guhkç¡f¥gL« fz¡Ffis Ïizajs« thæyhf

neuoahf gÂtj‰bfd‎(Online entry) cUth¡f¥g£l fz¡Ñ£L‎bk‹bghUns Ãçahrh¥£
vd miH¡f¥gL»wJ.
Ãçahrh¥£‎v‹gJ‎Panchayat Raj Institutions Accouting Software
(PRIASOFT) v‹w‎M§»y‎brh‰bwhlç‹‎RU¡fkhF«.‎‎
Ãçahrh¥£‎bk‹bghUŸ‎bjhl®ghd‎bghJ‎étu§fŸ‎k‰W«‎Ï«bk‹bghUëid‎
Ïa¡Ftj‰fhd‎têKiwfŸ‎‎Ï¡ifna£oš‎és¡f¥g£LŸsJ.
Chuh£Á‎mik¥òfë‹‎fz¡Ñ£L‎Kiwæid‎tY¥gL¤J«‎tifæš,‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎
11-tJã¡FG,‎cŸsh£Á‎mik¥òfëš‎guhkç¡f¥gL«‎fz¡F‎got§fis‎tiuaiw‎
brŒÂl‎ϪÂa‎muÁ‹‎fz¡F‎k‰W«‎jâ¡if¤‎jiytiu¡‎(Comptroller and
Auditor General) nf£L¡‎bfh©lJ.‎‎mj‹go,‎fz¡F‎k‰W«‎jâ¡if¤‎jiyt®,
2005š‎Cuh£Áfë‹‎gšntW‎éjkhd‎brašghLfis‎ÃuÂgè¡F«‎tifæš‎muÁ‹‎

166
SIRD, TamilNadu.

fz¡Ñ£L‎Kiwfis‎ngh‹W‎òÂa‎Kiwæyhd‎fz¡Ñ£L‎Kiw‎x‹¿id‎totik¤jh®.
ϪÂa‎muÁ‹‎Cuh£Á‎mik¢rfkhdJ,‎Cuh£Áfë‹‎tuÎ‎bryÎ‎m¿¡if‎k‰W«‎
fz¡Ñ£L‎Kiwfis‎nkY«‎vëik¥gL¤J«‎éj«‎F¿¤J‎MŒÎ‎brŒÍ«‎tifæš‎
bjhêš‎E£g¡FG‎(Technical Committee) x‹iw‎ãaä¤jJ.‎Ϥbjhêš‎E£g¡‎FG
thdJ,‎x‹W‎nr®¤j‎fz¡Ñ£L‎Kiw¡F‎(Accrued Accounting) khW«‎trÂÍl‹‎Toa‎
vëik¥gL¤j¥g£l buh¡f mo¥gilæyhd khÂç fz¡Ñ£L Kiw (Cash Based Model
Accounting) x‹¿id‎Cuh£Á mik¥òfS¡bfd totik¤jJ.
Ïj‹‎mo¥gilæš,‎mid¤J‎Cuh£Á mik¥òfëY« ga‹gL¤J«‎tifæš‎
k¤Âa‎muÁ‹‎Cuh£Á‎mik¢rf¤Â‹‎(Ministry of Panchayat Raj) fyªjhnyhridÍl‹,
ϪÂa‎jftš‎bjhêš‎E£g‎mik¢rf¤Â‹‎njÁa‎jftš‎ika«‎(National
Informatics Centre), xU§»izªj‎fz¡Ñ£L‎bk‹bghUshd‎Ãçahrh¥oid
cUth¡»aJ.‎Ï«bk‹bghUshdJ‎fz¡F‎k‰W«‎jâ¡if¤‎jiytuhš‎kh‰¿aik¡f¥
g£l‎khÂç‎fz¡Ñ£L‎got§fSl‹‎x¤ÂU¡F«‎tifæš‎mikªJŸsJ‎Ïj‹‎Áw¥ò‎
m«rkhF«.
jäœehL‎muR,‎26.09.2011‎m‹W‎eilbg‰w‎ca®ãiy‎f©fhâ¥ò¡‎FG‎T£l¤Âš‎
ϪÂa‎muÁläUªJ‎brašgh£o‰fhd‎khåa¤Âid‎(Performance Grant) bgW« bghU£L«
Cuh£Áfë‹‎fz¡F¥‎guhkç¥Ãid‎Ïizajs«‎thæyhf‎nk‰bfhŸsΫ,‎Ãçahrh¥£
bk‹bghUŸ‎_y« khÂç fz¡Ñ£L Kiwæid jäHf¤Âš‎brašgL¤j‎nt©Lbk‹w‎
13tJ‎ã¡FGé‹‎gçªJiuæid eilKiw¥gL¤j KobtL¤jJ.
Ãçahrh¥£ bk‹bghUë‹ Áw¥g«r§fŸ
1. Ï«bk‹bghUshdJ‎Cuf‎cŸsh£Á‎mik¥òfë‹‎fz¡Ffis,‎k¤Âa‎fz¡F¤‎
jâ¡if¤‎jiytuhš‎tiuaW¡f¥g£LŸs‎khÂç‎fz¡Ñ£L‎Kiwæ‹‎mo¥gilæš‎
guhkç¡F«‎tifæš‎mik¡f¥g£LŸsJ.
2. Cuh£Á‎mik¥òfŸ‎rh®ªj‎Ïju‎bk‹bghUŸfSl‹‎jftš‎gçkh‰w«‎brŒJ‎
bfhŸS«‎tifæš‎cŸsh£Á‎mik¥òfS¡fhd‎jå¤Jtkhd‎fz¡F‎F¿p£L‎
v©fns‎Ï«bk‹‎bghUëY«‎ga‹gL¤j¥g£LŸsJ.
3. k¤Âa/khãy‎muR¤‎£l§fis‎Jiz¤‎jiy¥ò‎mséš‎Ïiz¥gij‎vëjh¡F«
tifæš‎k¤Âa fz¡F¤‎jâ¡if¤‎jiytuhš‎gçªJiu¡f¥g£LŸs‎4‎mL¡F‎
fz¡Ñ£L‎Kiwæidna‎Ï«bk‹bghUŸ‎Ëg‰W»wJ.
4. k¤Âa‎fz¡F¤‎jâ¡if¤‎jiyt®‎k‰W«‎‎khãy‎fz¡fhŒ¤jiytuhš‎

167
SIRD, TamilNadu.

tiuaW¡f¥g£LŸs‎fz¡F¤‎jiy¥òfSl‹‎ÏizªJ‎brašgL»wJ.
5. Ï«bk‹bghUëš‎vªj‎xU‎bgU/FW/Jiz‎fz¡F¤‎jiy¥òfë‹‎ÑG«‎
mªjªj‎khãy§fë‹‎cŸq®‎njitfS¡nf‰g‎bryéd§fS¡fhd‎bghUŸ‎jiy¥ò
fis (Object Head) òÂjhf V‰gL¤Â¡‎bfhŸsΫ‎tê‎tif‎brŒa¥g£LŸsJ.
6. k¤Âa/khãy‎muRfë‹‎‎gšntW‎£l§fS¡fhd‎têfh£L‎be¿Kiwfis‎
j‹df¤nj‎mDk¡F«‎tifæš‎Ï«bk‹bghUŸ‎totik¡f¥g£LŸsJ.‎
7. nkY«‎Ï«bk‹bghUëš,‎Cuh£ÁfŸ‎bjhl®ghd‎Kj‹ik‎étu§fis (Master
data) gÂÎ‎brŒaΫ‎têtif‎brŒa¥g£LŸsJ.‎
 kht£l / rh®ãiy / Áw¥ò f%ñy«
 t§»fŸ
 jghš‎ãiya§fŸ
 gâahs®‎/‎Kfik‎/‎Fok¡fŸ‎bjhl®ghd‎jftšfŸ
 ÏU¥ò‎/‎miwfy‹‎étu¥‎g£oaš
8. Ï«KiwahdJ, Cuh£Á¡ fz¡Ffis kht£l fUñy¤Ânyh, rh®ãiy fUñy¤Ânyh
mšyJ‎Áw¥ò‎f%ñy¤Ânyh‎it¤J‎guhkç¥gj‰F‎mDk¡»wJ.‎‎njit¥go‹,‎x‹W‎
mšyJ‎gšntW‎£l‎ãÂfis‎xnu‎t§»/fUñy¡‎fz¡»‹‎têahf‎nk‰bfhŸsΫ‎
mDk¡»wJ.
9. nkY«,‎Ï«bk‹bghUëš‎‎‎njÁakakh¡f¥g£l‎k‰W«‎khãy‎t§»fëš‎fz¡Ffis‎
guhkç¥gj‰F«‎têtif‎brŒa¥g£LŸsJ.‎
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11. f%ñy«/t§»/mŠryf¡‎fhnrhiy‎ò¤jf‎étu§fis‎gÂÎ‎brŒaΫ‎têtif‎
brŒa¥g£LŸsJ.‎
12. Ï«KiwahdJ‎Mu«g‎k‰W«‎ÂU¤j¥g£l‎ãÂãiy‎m¿¡if‎étu§fis‎bghUŸ‎
jiy¥ò ãiy tiuæY« (upto the level of object head) gÂÎ‎brŒa‎mDk¡»wJ.‎
13. fz¡F‎gçkh‰w§fis‎Mu«Ã¥gj‰F‎K‹ò,‎buh¡f¡‎ifæU¥ò,‎t§»‎ÏU¥ò¤‎
bjhif,‎ÂU«g¥‎bgw¥glnt©oa‎K‹gz‎ãYit‎ngh‹w‎étu§fis‎Mu«g‎ÏU¥ghf‎
F¿¥Ã£L‎gÂÎ‎brŒaΫ‎têtif‎brŒa¥g£LŸsJ.‎
14. Ï«KiwahdJ‎x›bthU‎fz¡Ñ£L‎my»‰fhd‎Âdrç‎tuÎ‎k‰W«‎bryÎ‎
bjhl®ghd‎ étu§fis‎ gÂÎ‎ brŒa‎ mDk¡»wJ.‎ F¿¥ghf,‎ x›bthU‎ fz¡Ñ£o‰F«,‎ Ñœ¡f©lt‰iw
cUth¡fΫ‎/‎kh‰¿aik¡fΫ/‎Ú¡fΫ‎/‎gh®¡fΫ‎/‎Kl¡fΫ / Kl¡»aij éLé¡fΫ tê tF¡»wJ.
 tuéd‎rh‹W‎Ó£LfŸ‎‎(tuÎ‎k‰W«‎kh‰w§fŸ)

168
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 bjhif tH§fš rh‹W‎Ó£LfŸ‎(bryÎ‎k‰W«‎kh‰w§fŸ)

 v®kiw‎rh‹W‎Ó£LfŸ‎(it¥ò‎‎k‰W«‎gz« vL¤jš)
 F¿¥ng£L‎rh‹W‎Ó£LfŸ‎(Ó®brŒa¥g£l‎gÂÎfŸ)
 khjhªÂu‎t§»‎x¤ÂirÎfŸ‎(Reconciliations)
 bgw¤j¡f‎k‰W«‎brY¤j¤j¡fitfŸ‎F¿¤j‎gÂÎfŸ
 bgw¥g£l/tH§f¥g£l/é‰f¥g£l‎ÏU¥ò‎bghU£fŸ‎‎bjhl®ghd‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎
gÂÎfŸ‎
15. Ï«KiwahdJ‎tiuaW¡f¥g£l‎eilKiwfis¥‎Ëg‰¿‎fz¡FfisÍ«‎k‰W«‎
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16. Ï«bk‹bghUshdhJ‎jâ¡if‎njit¡fhf‎ãÂ‎gçkh‰w¤Âid‎ga‹gL¤Jnth®
milahs¡ F¿pL (ID),‎ga‹gL¤J«‎neu«‎ngh‹w‎mid¤J étu§fis‎gÂÎ‎brŒ»wJ.‎
17. nkY«,‎Ï«bk‹bghUshdJ‎Ñœ¡f©l‎m¿¡iffis‎jahç¡F«‎tifæY«‎
totik¡f¥g£LŸsJ.‎
 tUlhªÂu‎tuÎ‎k‰W«‎bjhif‎tH§f¥g£l‎fz¡FfŸ
 xU§»iz¡f¥g£l‎RU¡f¥‎gÂntLfŸ
 Âdrç,‎khjhªÂu‎k‰W«‎£l‎thçahd‎buh¡f¥‎ò¤jf§fŸ
 khjhªÂu x¤ÂirÎ m¿¡if
 ÏU¥ò¥ gÂntL
 mirÍ«‎k‰W«‎mirah‎brh¤JfŸ‎gÂntL
 nf£ò‎k‰W«‎tNš/Âu£L‎gÂntL
 tç‎k‰W«‎tç‎mšyhj‎tUthŒfŸ‎F¿¤j‎m¿¡iffŸ
m¿¡iffŸ
Ãçahrh¥oš‎gÂa¥g£l‎étu§fis¡‎bfh©L‎k¤Âa‎fz¡F¤‎jâ¡if¤‎jiytuhš
gçªJiu¡f¥g£l Ñœ¡f©l‎m¿¡iffis‎x›bthU‎fz¡Ñ£L‎myF«‎jahç¡f‎ÏaY«.
1. Âdrç gÂntL
2. khjhªÂu buh¡f¥ gÂntL
3. £l thçahd buh¡f¥ gÂntL
4. ngnu£L¥ ò¤jf«
5. £l thçahd F¿¥ng£L¥ gÂntL
6. £l thçahd fhnrhiy tuÎ gÂntL
7. £l thçahd fhnrhiy tH§F« gÂntL
8. K‹gz§fŸ‎gÂntL
9. bgw¤j¡fit‎k‰W«‎brY¤j¤j¡fitfS¡fhd‎gÂntL
10. tUlhªÂu‎tuéd«‎k‰W«‎bryéd¡‎fz¡FfŸ
11. bjhF¡f¥g£l RU¡f¥ gÂntL
12. khjhªÂu x¤ÂirÎ m¿¡if
13. ÏU¥ò¥ gÂntL
14. Mu«g ÏU¥ò m¿¡if
15. fz¡F¤‎jiy¥òfŸ‎
fhy Kiw KoÎfS¡fhd eilKiwfŸ

169
SIRD, TamilNadu.

fz¡F¥ ò¤j§fis xU‎ fhymséš‎ (Âdrç,‎ khjhªÂu,‎ tUlhªÂu‎ v‹gJ‎ ngh‹w‎ fhy‎ msÎfŸ)‎ KoΡF¡
bfh©L‎ tUtj‰F‎ ‘fhyKiw KoÎfS¡fhd eilKiwfŸ’ v‹w‎ éU¥g«‎ cjé‎ òç»wJ.‎ ‎ ‘Âdrç gÂntLfis Ko¤jš’
k‰W« ‘khjhªÂu gÂntLfis Ko¤jš’ v‹gJ ngh‹w‎éU¥g§fis‎nj®Î‎brŒJ‎Ïjid‎brašgL¤jyh«.‎

‘Âdrç gÂntLfis Ko¤jš’ v‹w‎éU¥g¤Âid‎nj®Î‎brŒJ‎Âdrç‎fz¡Ffis‎

Ko¡fyh«. ‘khjhªÂu fz¡Ffis Ko¤jš’ v‹w‎éU¥g¤Âid‎nj®Î‎brŒJ‎khjhªÂu‎
fz¡Ffis Ko¡fyh«.

t§»/fUñy/mŠryf‎ x¤ÂirÎfŸ‎ k‰W«‎ bgw¤j¡f‎ k‰W«‎ brY¤j¤j¡f‎ étu§fŸv‹gJ‎ ngh‹w‎ Ïju‎

gçkh‰w§fisÍ«‎Ãçahrh¥oid‎ga‹gL¤Â‎nk‰bfhŸsyh«.‎
Ãçahrh¥£‎bk‹bghUëdhš‎jahç¤jë¡f¥gL«‎buh¡f¥ò¤jf¤Âid‎t§»fŸ,‎

170
SIRD, TamilNadu.

fUñy§fŸ‎ mšyJ‎ mŠryf§fëš‎ guhkç¡f¥gL«‎ fz¡F‎ ò¤jf§fSl‹‎ Cuh£Ámik¥òfshš‎ x¤ÂirÎ‎

brŒtj‰F,‘t§»/fUñy /mŠryf x¤ÂirÎfŸ’ v‹w‎éU¥g«‎mDk¡»wJ.‎

v®fhy¤Âš‎ bgw¥gL«‎ mšyJ‎ tH§f¥gL«‎ ãÂæd§fŸ‎ F¿¤j‎ étu§fis‎ gÂÎ‎ brŒa‎

‘bgw¤j¡fitfŸ/brY¤j¤j¡fitfŸ’ v‹w‎éU¥g«‎cjé‎òç»wJ.

bghJk¡fë‹ ga‹gh£o‰fhd Ïizajs§fŸ

Tamilnadu Government Web Site
www.tn.gov.in
Indian government website
www.india.gov.in

Adi Dravidar and Tribal Welfare Department

Adi Dravidar and Tribal Welfare Scholarship System -
www.escholarship.tn.gov.in/
Agriculture Department
Daily prices of Agricultural commodities – www.agmarknet.nic.in/
Learning materials of TNAU for Farmers -
http://www.tnau.ac.in/webedu/index.htm
Domestic & Export Market Intelligence Cell -
http://www.tnagmark.tn.nic.in/
BC, MBC and Minorities Welfare Department
BC, MBC and Minorities Welfare Scholarship System -

171
SIRD, TamilNadu.

http://escholarship.tn.gov.in/
Commercial Taxes and Registration – http://www.tnvat.gov.in
Online filing of e-Return
e-Payment facility for Tax remittance
e-Request for Saleable form
e-Request for Refund Claims (Form-W)
Online filing of New Dealer Registration application
Fast Track clearance system for Vehicle movements at Checkpost
Search on VAT Clarification/TIN/Commodities
Registration – www.tnreginet.net
Apply online for Encumbrance Certificate
Search to find Marriage Registration data and apply online for Marriage
Certificate
Search for a Registered Chit Company, Society or Stamp Vendor
Apply online for Certified Copies of Registered Documents, Chits
Documents and Societies Documents
Find Land Guideline Values

Cooperation, Food and Civil Supplies Department

Register a complaint online –
www.ccsconsumers.tn.nic.in/ccs_consumers/complaint.jsp
Commodities allotted to your Fair Price Shop this month -
http://cscp.tn.nic.in/allotment_ver2/email_reg.jsp
Energy Department
Electricity Board –
www.tangedco.gov.in
Online Payment of Electricity Bill (for consumers of Tamil Nadu)
Bill Status (Selected Regions)
Higher Education Department
Teacher Training Institutes – www.dtert.tn.nic.in
Directorate of Technical Education – www.tndte.com
Diploma Certificate Genuineness Verification – intradote.tn.nic.in
Police Department – www.tnpolice.gov.in
Search for Missing Persons details
Find the photos of Unidentified Bodies
Transport Department (RTO) – www.tnsta.gov.in
Online filing of Leaner’s Licence Applications
Online filing of New Vehicle Applications
Online filing of Hypothecation endorsement / Terminations

172
SIRD, TamilNadu.

Online issue of Heavy vehicle Driver’s one day Training course certificate
To register the grievances by the public for redressal and track status of the
application
Jurisdiction of the Regional Transport Offices / Unit Offices based on
Postal Index Number (PIN)
Starting Registration number of a Day
To book online appointments to visit Regional Transport Offices / Unit
Offices for availing various services offered by the Department.
Online filing of application for issue of NP Authorisation through National
NP Portal and online payment facility to pay composite fee – vahan.nic.in
View Vehicle details
View Driving Licence details
Micro , Small and Medium Enterprises Department –
www.msmeonline.tn.gov.in
The online service for filing of Entrepreneur Memorandum Part-I is
introduced mainly to help the entrepreneurs to obtain the acknowledgement
of EM Part I readily without contacting the General Managers of District
Industries Centres and Regional Joint Director, Chennai.
TN Small Industries Development Corporation (SIDCO)
Schemes of SIDCO - www.sidco.tn.nic.in
Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation (TIDCO)
Project Opportunities and Upcoming Projects – tidco.tn.gov.in
Tamil Nadu Industrial Investment Corporation (TIIC)
Financial Assistance Scheme – www.tiic.in/schemes.html
Department of Employment and Training
Online Registration – tnvelaivaaippu.gov.in/Empower/
Teachers Recruitment Board (TRB)
Results and Notifications of Examinations of TRB – trb.tn.nic.in
Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission (TNPSC) - www.tnpsc.gov.in
Tentative Answer Keys of Recruitment Examinations
Results and Notifications of Recruitment Examinations
Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission (TNPSC)
Cut-off Seniority dates adopted for nomination in Employment Offices
Employment Exchange Statistics - Community-wise break up of Job
Seekers waiting on the rolls of Employment Exchanges in Tamilnadu as on
31.03.2012
Madras High Court – causelists.nic.in
View Daily Causelists
Railway Reservation

173
SIRD, TamilNadu.

www.indianrail.gov.in
www.irctc.co.in
Revenue Department - eservices.tn.gov.in
e-Services of Land Records
View Chitta / Patta Copy
View A - Register Copy
Verify Web Issued A-Register Copy
Verify Web Issued Chitta Copy
Verify Land Ownership
eDistrict Services - Certificates – edistrict.tn.gov.in
School Education Department
Read Textbooks Online – www.textbookonline.tn.nic.in
Question Banks for 10th and 12th Examinations –
dge.tn.gov.in/question_bank.htm
Directorate of Teacher Education Research and Training (DTERT) –
dtert.tn.nic.in
Social Welfare Department – edistrict.tn.gov.in/socialwelfare/login.jsp
Application Status for online applications for Social Welfare Schemes:
Transport Corporations
Know Your RTO – transport.tn.nic.in
e-Ticket facility of Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd. –
www.tnstc.in
Miscellaneous
Tamil Nadu Telecom and Chennai Telephones (BSNL)
Online Directory Enquiry Services –
www.chennai.bsnl.co.in/onlineservices.htm
Tamil Nadu Postal Circle – www.tamilnadupost.nic.in
Find the PIN Codes of Head Post Office and Sub Offices
Avail Instant Money Order facility
Find the location name using PIN Code – www.indiapost.gov.in
1. Government of India : www.india.gov.in
2. Railway Booking : www.indianrail.gov.in
3. Govt. of India Web Directory : http://goidirectory.nic.in/
4. India Post : http://indiapost.nic.in/login/login.jsp
5. Agmarknet : http://www.agmarknet.nic.in/
6. Passport & Visa Services : http://passport.nic.in/
7. Online Income Filing :http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/eFiling/Main.asp
8. e-Filing in Supreme Court : http://tempweb97.nic.in/sc-efiling/login.jsp
9. PAN Services : https://tin.tin.nsdl.com/pan/ form49A.html
Bank Website Directory

174
SIRD, TamilNadu.

Public Sector Bank

• Allahabad Bank :www.allahabadbank.com
• Andhra Bank : www.andhrabank-india.com
• Bank Of Baroda :www.bankofbaroda.com
• Bank of India :www.bankofindia.com
• Dena Bank : www.denabank.com
• Oriental Bank of Commerce :www.obcindia.com
• Punjab National Bank :www.pnbkrishi.com
• State Bank of Hyderabad :www.sbhyd.com
• State Bank of India :www.statebankofindia.com
• Syndicate Bank :www.syndicatebank.com
• Vijaya Bank :www.vijayabank.com
 Canara Bank :www.canbankindia.com
 Central bank of India :www.centralbankofindia.co.in
 Corporation Bank :www.corpbank.com
 Indian Bank :www.indianbank.in
 Indian Overseas Bank :www.iob.com
 Industrial Development bank of India :www.idbibank.com
 Jammu & Kashmir Bank Ltd :www.jkbank.net
 State Bank of Mysore :www.mysorebank.com
 Union Bank of India :www.unionbankofindia.co.in
 United Bank of India :www.unitedbankofindia.com
 Bank of Maharashtra : www.axisbank.com
 Punjab & Sind Bank : http://www.psbindia.com/
 UCO Bank : http://www.ucobank.com/
 State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur : http://www.sbbjbank.com/
 State Bank of Saurashtra : http://www.sbsbank.com/
 State Bank of Travancore : http://statebankoftravancore.com
 State Bank of Patiala : http://www.sbp.co.in/
Private Bank
 Centurion Bank of Punjab : http://www.centurionbop.co.in/
 Development Credit Bank Ltd : http://www.indian-bank.com/
 HDFC Bank Ltd :http://www.hdfcbank.com/personal/default.htm
 Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd : http://www.kotak.com
 IndusInd Bank Ltd. : http://www.indusind.com/
 UTI Bank :www.utibank.com
 ICICI Bank : http://www.icicibank.com/
 Axis Bank : www.axisbank.com
 Yes Bank Ltd : http://www.yesbank.in/
 The Bank of Rajasthan Ltd. : http://www.bankofrajasthan.com
 The Dhanalakshmi Bank Ltd : http://www.bankofrajasthan.com
 Federal Bank Ltd : http://www.federalbank.co.in/
 ING Vysya Bank Ltd. : http://www.federalbank.co.in/

175
SIRD, TamilNadu.

 Jammu & Kashmir Bank Ltd: http ://www.jammuandkashmirbank.com/

 Karnataka Bank Ltd : http://karnatakabank.com/ktk
 Karur Vysya Bank Ltd : http://www.kvb.co.in/
 Ratnakar Bank Ltd :http://www.ratnakarbank.com/
 SBI Commercial and International Bank
Ltd:http://www.sbici.com/index.htm
 South Indian Bank Ltd :http://www.southindianbank.com/
Some Tamil NewsPaper Websites:
1.www.dinamani.com
2.www.dinamalar.com
3.www.dailythanthi.com
4.www.dinakaran.com
English Newspaper websites
1. The Asian Age : www.asianage.com
2. Business Standard : www.business-standard.com
3. Deccan Chronicle : www.deccan.com
4. Deccan Herald : www.deccanherald.com
5. The Economic Times : www.economictimes.com
6. Financial Express : www.financialexpress.com
7. Indian Express : www.expressindia.com
8. India Today : www.india-today.com
9. Outlook : www.outlookindia.com
10. The Week : www.the-week.com
11. The Hindu : www.hinduonnet.com
12. The Hindu Business line : www.thehindubusinessline.com
13. The Hindustan Times : www.hindustantimes.com
14. The Statesman : www.thestatesman.net
15. The Pioneer : www.dailypioneer.com
16. The Telegraph : www.telegraphindia.com
17. The Times of India : www.timesofindia.com
18. Tribune India : www.tribuneindia.com
e-mail Service Providers website
1. Google : www.gmail.com
2. Yahoo : www.yahoomail.com
3. Rediff : www.rediffmail.com
4. Sify : www.sify.com
5. Indiatimes : www.indiatimes.com
6. Hotmail : www.hotmail.com
General web sites
www.wikipedia.org
www.indianngos.com
www.unicef.org
www.noolagam.com

176
SIRD, TamilNadu.

www.chennailibrary.com
www.madurailibrary.com

Education
www.ncert.nic.in
www.education.nic.in (Department of School Education and Higher
Education)
www.textbookonline.gov.in
1 action soft http://reportingonline.gov.in/

2 Area Profiler http://areaprofiler.gov.in.

3 Local Government Directory http://lgdirectory.gov.in

4 National Asset Directory http://assetdirectory.gov.in/

5 National Panchayat portal http://panchayatportals.gov.in/

6 PlanPlus http://planningonline.gov.in

7 Panchayati Raj Institutions Accounting Software https://accountingonline.gov.in/

8 Social Audit & Meeting Management http://socialaudit.gov.in.

9 Service Plus http://serviceonline.gov.in.

10 Training http://trainingonline.gov.in

Free SMS Websites

www.way2sms.com
www.160by2.com
www.spicesms.com
www.microlifeline.com
www.smsnow.com
www.fullonsms.com
www.sendsmsnow.com
www.new2sms.com
www.freesmsmantra.com

177
SIRD, TamilNadu.

, ,

(Google Mail)
(Yahoo Mail)
(HotMail)
(Rediffmail)
SIFYmail
COOLMAIL

www.NICEmail.com

www.gmail.com

www.google.com . Google.com

gmail .

178
SIRD, TamilNadu.

Create an account

179
SIRD, TamilNadu.

180
SIRD, TamilNadu.

181
SIRD, TamilNadu.

Compose a Mail)

182
SIRD, TamilNadu.

(video conferencing).
. Teleconferencing ( ).

183
SIRD, TamilNadu.

.
,

?
() .
.

( ?)

(camera) .
() .
.
. Cu-SeeMee
.

.
1. Computer-based system ( )
2. Desktop system( )
3. Studio-based system( )

184
SIRD, TamilNadu.

ச்சு computer virus,

exe

ஷ்

,
ளூ

en:Malware
en:Computer worm,
en:Trojan horse (computing)

Owner of that virus)

ச்சு

185
SIRD, TamilNadu.

1. ஷ் , Floppy disk, CD

ஷ்
Autorun.inf ளூ

2.

3.

4.

en:Antivirus software
,

vaccines)

186
SIRD, TamilNadu.

Win+Arrow Down
( ) Alt+Space+x
Win+Arrow Up
( Alt+Space+n
Alt+Space
Alt+Space+Enter
F11
Win+e

Win+r

Win+f
Win+l

Win+F1

F2

Alt + F4
Ctrl + A

Ctrl + C
Ctrl + X

Ctrl + V

Ctrl + D

Ctrl + Z

Ctrl + Y
Ctrl + N

Alt + Tab

187
SIRD, TamilNadu.

1551 -

(NREGS) 1800110707 -

1098 -
,

,
6161 -
, . .

155210 -
/

139 -
(PNR) ,
4
10
,
&

(PNR)
9773300000 -

10 12
: 9717882074
: 9967800337
( ) : 9833950896
: 9819209623

10 12 011 24357270 -

( )

:
102 or 1099

,
:
- 011-4362062 &
011 4360112

188
SIRD, TamilNadu.

(
)

AMD - 1800 425 6664

Apple Computers - 1800 444 683
Canon - 1800 333 366
Cisco Systems - 1800 221 777
Compaq - HP - 1800 444 999
Data One Broadband - 1800 424 1800
Dell - 1800 444 026
Epson - 1800 44 0011
eSys - 3970 0011
Genesis Tally Academy - 1800 444 888
HCL - 1800 180 8080
IBM - 1800 443 333
Lexmark - 1800 22 4477
LG - 1901 180 9999
Marshal's Point - 1800 33 4488
Microsoft - 1800 111 100
Microsoft Virus Update - 1901 333 334
Samsung - 1800-110-011
Seagate - 1800 180 1104
Symantec - 1800 44 5533
TVS Electronics - 1800 444 566
WeP Peripherals - 1800 44 6446
Wipro - 1800 333 312
xerox - 1800 180 1225
Zenith - 1800 222 004

189