Benha University Antennas &Wave Propagation Electrical Eng. Dept.

Faculty of Engineering 4th year communication

Shoubra 2015-2016
--------------------------------------------------------------
Sheet (3) - Solution
1. The maximum radiation intensity of a 90% efficiency antenna is 200
mW/ unit solid angle. Find the directivity and gain (dimensionless and
in dB) when the
(a) Input power is 125.66 mW
(b) Radiated power is 125.66 mW

2. 1GHz satellite antenna has an E-plane beam-width of 12o and on

H-plane beam-width of 10o. The antenna conductivity and
mismatch total loss -3db. Estimate the gain of antenna.
-3db=10Log(Losses)  η = (1 – Losses)  η=0.5
41253 41253
D approximate =   343.8
 HP HP 10 * 12
G = η*D =0.5*343.8=172.  Gdb=10log172=22.4db.

3. A lossless resonant half-wavelength dipole antenna, with input

impedance of 73 ohms, is connected to a transmission line whose
characteristic impedance is 50 ohms. Assuming that the pattern of the
antenna is given approximately by U=Bosin3θ. Find the maximum gain
and maximum absolute gain of this antenna.

Dr. Gehan Sami

M.M. Elsherbini
Benha University Antennas &Wave Propagation Electrical Eng. Dept.
Faculty of Engineering 4th year communication
Shoubra 2015-2016
--------------------------------------------------------------

4. Calculate the directivity of an antenna with circular aperture of

diameter 3 meter at frequency 5 GHZ.
4 4 4
D= 2
Aem = 2
*( * r 2 )  8
* ( * (1.5) 2 )  24674.
  3 * 10 2
( )
5 * 10 9

5. If the aperture efficiency of an antenna is 0.7 and the beam

traveling at 6 GHZ. Calculate the directivity, HPBW, and FNBW
(approximately). Given circular aperture of diameter 3 meter.
4 4 4
D= 2
* * Aem = 2
* 0.7 *( * r 2 )  8
* 0.7 * ( * (1.5) 2 )  24871
  3 *10 2
( )
6 * 10 9
So D=24871.
41253 41253
  24871
D =  HP HP ( HP ) 2

So ( HP ) = 1.28o.
FNBW =2* ( HP ) = 2.57o.

6. What is the maximum effective aperture (approximately) for a

beam antenna having HPBW of 30º & 35º in perpendicular planes
intersecting in the beam axis? Minor lobes are small and may be
neglected.
4 D 2
D= 2
Aem  Aem  
 4

Dr. Gehan Sami

M.M. Elsherbini
Benha University Antennas &Wave Propagation Electrical Eng. Dept.
Faculty of Engineering 4th year communication
Shoubra 2015-2016
--------------------------------------------------------------
41253 41253
  39.3
D =  HP HP 30 * 35

D 2
Aem   =3.2 2
4

7. An antenna has a uniform field pattern for θ between (45o&90o) ، φ

between (0o & 120o), if E=3V/m at a distance of 500m from the
antenna & maximum current is 5A, find the radiation resistance of
antenna, Directivity, and effective aperture?
 2
2 2 3
E
P= SA=0.5*I2Rr=0.5*   r
2
Sindd = 0.5* (5)2Rr 
Z  0

4

Rr=281Ω.
 2
2 3
A    Sindd =1.18
 0

4

2
Aem= = 0.85λ2.
A
4
D= = 10.67.
A

8. An isotropic antenna has a field pattern given by E=10 Io /r V/m,

where I is the amplitude of current, r is distance (m), find Rr. repeat
for hemisphere antenna.
E2 100 I 2
P= SA = A = 0.5 2 (4 * r 2 )  for hemisphere A= (2 * r 2 )
Z r *Z
P= 0.5Io 2Rr
100Io 2 2
So 0.5 2
(4 * r 2 ) = 0.5Io Rr  Rr= 3.33Ω
r *Z

9. Find Rr of a unidirectional pattern of antenna with U=8Sin2θ Sin3φ

wsr-1, where 0≤ θ ≤ Π & 0≤ φ ≤Π. If Irms=3A.

Dr. Gehan Sami

M.M. Elsherbini
Benha University Antennas &Wave Propagation Electrical Eng. Dept.
Faculty of Engineering 4th year communication
Shoubra 2015-2016
--------------------------------------------------------------
 
Prad=   Ud =   (8Sin 2Sin 3 ) * Sindd = I 2Rr
0 0 0 0

Rr = 1.6 Ω

10. What is the amplitude of current that would be required in a short

dipole of length 0.05λ to produce 100w of radiated power? Assume
that the medium surrounding the short dipole in air and the current
is uniform distribution.
1
Prad = I o2 Rr=100 (note: I o2 .. amplitude or max. current.. not
2
terminal)
L2 (0.05 ) 2
Rr = 80 2 = 80 2  1.97
2 2
1 2
So 100 = I o *1.97  Io = 10A.
2

Note: for dipole(half wave dipole) … Rr=73Ω
2

11. What is the max? Power received at a distance of 0.5 Km. over a
free-space 1GHZ circuit consisting of a transmitting antenna with
25dB gain and receiving antenna with 20dB gain? The gain is with
respect to a lossless isotropic source. The transmitting antenna
input is 150W.
C
= F
= 3*108/1*109=0.3m.
Pr  2
 Gin Gr ( ) .
Pin 4R
Gr|db=10logGrGr=100
Gin|db=10logGinGin=316.22
Pr 0.3
 100 * 316.22( 3
) 2  Pr=10.8mw.
150 4 * 0.5 * 10

12. A wave traveling normally outward from the page (toward the reader) is
the resultant of two elliptically polarized waves, one with components of
E given by:
Dr. Gehan Sami
M.M. Elsherbini
Benha University Antennas &Wave Propagation Electrical Eng. Dept.
Faculty of Engineering 4th year communication
Shoubra 2015-2016
--------------------------------------------------------------

And the other with components given by:

(a) What is the axial ratio of the resultant wave?

(b) Does the resultant vector E rotate clockwise or counterclockwise?

13. A wave traveling normally out of the page is resultant two

elliptically polarized (EP) waves, one with components Ex =
5Cosωt and Ey=3Sinωt and another with components Er=3ejωt and
EL=4e-jωt. For the resultant wave, find (a) AR, and (b) the band of
rotation and polarization.
1st component
Ex1=5Cosωt
Ey1=3Sinωt.
2nd component
Er=3ejωt=3Cosωt + j3Sinωt
El=4e-jωt=4Cosωt-j4Sinωt
So Ex2=3Cosωt+4Cosωt=7Cosωt

Dr. Gehan Sami

M.M. Elsherbini
Benha University Antennas &Wave Propagation Electrical Eng. Dept.
Faculty of Engineering 4th year communication
Shoubra 2015-2016
--------------------------------------------------------------
Ey2=3Sinωt-4Sinωt=-Sinωt
Total components
Ext= Ex1 + Ex2=5Cosωt +7Cosωt=12 Cosωt .
Eyt=Ey1+ Ey2=3Sinωt –Sinωt=2Sinωt

E xt 2 E yt 2
So ( ) ( )  1 ... Ellipse
12 2
(a) AR = 12/2=6
(b) Put ωt=0 , 90 , you will find that this wave is
Right polarized & CCW

REPORT

1. Design an antenna with omnidirectional amplitude pattern with a half-

power beam width of 90◦, Express its radiation intensity by U=Sinnθ.
Determine the value of n and attempt to identify elements that exhibit
such a pattern. Determine the directivity of the antenna.

2. A uniform plane wave, of is traveling in the positive z-direction. Find

the polarization (linear, circular, or elliptical), sense of rotation (CW or
CCW), when
(a) Ex =Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =0 (b) Ex ≠Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =0
(c) Ex =Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =π/2 (d) Ex =Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =−π/2

Dr. Gehan Sami

M.M. Elsherbini
Benha University Antennas &Wave Propagation Electrical Eng. Dept.
Faculty of Engineering 4th year communication
Shoubra 2015-2016
--------------------------------------------------------------
(e) Ex =Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =π/4 (f) Ex =Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =−π/4
(g) Ex =0.5Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =π/2 (h) Ex =0.5Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =−π/2

3. Calculate the polarization loss factor (PLF)…in db and

dimensionless of an antenna whose electric field polarization is
  
expressed as: E a  (a x  a y ) E (r , ,  ) , when the electric field of the
 
incident wave given by E i  a x E o ( x, y )e  jkz .
 
  a x a y
 Unit vector of Ea = P a 
11

 Unit vector of 
E i  Pw 
 a x
1
 
2
 PLF = ‫ ׀‬Pw . P a ‫= ׀‬1/2.
 PLF‫׀‬db = 10log(0.5)=-3db

Good Luck
Dr. Gehan Sami
M.M. Elsherbini