Chapter 1 Measurements

Chapter 1 (F. Sc.
Physics 1st Year) Measurements (Edition:2015-16)
MEASUREMENTS
Thousands of years ago, people in southern England built Stonehenge, which was used
as a calendar. The position of the sun and stars relative to the stones determined
seasons for planting or harvesting.
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
Q # 1.Define Physics? Describe its main areas of research.

Ans. Physics is the branch of science that deals with matter, energy and the relationship between
them. The study of physics involves laws of motion, the structure of space and time, the nature and
types of forces, the interaction between different particles, the interaction of radiation with matter etc.
Q # 2.What do you know about the natural philosophy?
Ans.Initially, the observations of man about the world around him give birth to the single discipline of
science, called natural philosophy.
Q # 3.Differentiate among the physical and biological sciences.
Ans.There was a huge increase in the volume of scientific knowledge uptill the beginning of
nineteenth century and it was found necessary to classify the natural philosophy into two branches,
the physical sciences and the biological sciences:
Physical Sciences Biological Sciences
i) Physical sciences deal with non-living things. i) Biological sciences deal with living things.
ii) Examples: Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy ii) Examples: Zoology, Botanyetc.
Q # 4.Describe the main frontiers of fundamental sciences.
Ans.The main frontiers of the fundamental sciences are as follows:
 The world of extremelylarge, that includes the study universe itself, the information from the far
side of the universe and the big bang.
1
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Chapter 1 (F. Sc. Physics 1st Year) Measurements (Edition:2015-16)
 The world of extremely small, that of the particles such as electrons, protons, neutrons etc.
 The world of complex matter and it is also the world of middle sized things, from molecule at one
extreme to the earth at the other. This is all fundamental physics, which is the heart of science.
Q # 5.Describe the birth of modern Physics. Also define the following branches of modern
physics:
(i) Nuclear Physics (ii) Particle Physics (iii) Relativistic Mechanics (iv) Solid State Physics
Ans.By the end of the 19th century, many physicists started believing that everything about physics
has been discovered. However, about the beginning of 20th century, many new experimental facts
revealed that the laws formulated by the earlier scientists need modifications. Further researches gave
birth to many new disciplines which are known as modern Physics. Some braches of modern Physics
are as follows:
(i) Nuclear Physics: The nuclear physics deals with the atomic nuclei.
(ii) Particle Physics: It deals with the ultimate particles with which the matter is
composed.
(iii) Relativistic Mechanics: It deals with motion of bodies which moves with very large
velocities (approaching that of light).
(iv) Solid State Physics:The solid state physics deals with structure and properties of matter.
Q # 6.Write down the significance of science and technology. Also describe the role of physics in
the development of science and technology?
Ans. Modern tools of science and technology have brought all parts of world in close contact. The
information media and fast means of communications have made the world a global village. The
computer networks play pivotal role in the development of science and technology. The computer
networks are the products of chips developed from basic ideas of physics.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The branch of physics which deals with the ultimate particles of which the matter is composed is:
a) Plasma physics
b) Atomic physics
c) Nuclear physics
d) Particle physics
2. The sciences which deals with non-living

things are called:
a) Natural Philosophy
b) Biological Sciences
c) Physical Sciences
d) None of these
3. Silicon is abundantly obtained from:
a) Water
b) Metal
c) Sand
d) Stones
2
1.2 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
Q # 7.What do you know about physical quantities? Also describe their significance.
Ans.The quantities that can be measured and are used to describe the properties of matter are called
physical quantities.
Significance:The foundation of physics rest upon physical quantities in terms of which the laws of
physics are expressed.
Q # 8.Differentiate among the base and derived quantities.

Base Quantities Derived Quantities
(i) The base quantities are those physical (i) The quantities that are derived from the base
quantities in terms of which other physical quantities are called derived quantities.
quantities are defined. (ii) Examples: Velocity, acceleration, force
(ii) Examples: Mass, length, time
Q # 9.How the base quantities are measured?

Ans.The measurement of base quantity involves two steps:
(i) The choice of a standard.
(ii) The establishment of a procedure for comparing the quantity to be measure with standard.
Q # 10.What are the characteristics of an ideal standard?
Ans.An ideal standard has two principle characteristics.
(i) It is accessible
(ii) It is invariable
Q # 11.Name several repetitive phenomenons occurring in nature which can serve as reasonable
time standards.
Ans.Any natural phenomenon that repeats itself after exactly same time interval can be used as time
standard. The following natural phenomenon can be used as time standard.
(i) The rotation of earth around the sun and about its own axis
(ii) The rotation of moon around earth
(iii) Atomic vibrations in solids
Q # 12.Give the drawbacks to use the time period of a pendulum as a time standard.
Ans.The drawbacks to use the time period of a pendulum as a time standard are
(i) The value of „g‟ changes at different places
(ii) The variation in the length of simple pendulum due to change in temperature in different
seasons
(iii) Air resistance may affect the time period of simple pendulum
3
1.3 INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
Q # 13.What do you know about international system of units?

Describe its significance.
Ans.In 1960, an international committee agreed on a set of definitions

and standards to describe the physical quantities. The system that was
established is called System International of units.
Significance: Due to simplicity and convenience with which the units
in this system are amenable to arithmetic manipulation, it is in
universal use by the world‟s scientific community.
Q # 14. Define following?
(i) Base Units (ii) Supplementary Units (iii) Derived Units (iv)
Radian (v) Steradian
Ans. (i) Base Units: The units associated with the base quantities
are called base units. The names of base units together with symbols are listed in following table:
Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol

Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Electric Current ampere A
Thermodynamic Temperature kelvin K
Intensity of Light candela cd
Amount of Substance mole mol
(ii) Supplementary Units: The General Conference on Weights and Measures has not yet classified
certain unit of SI under either base or derived units. These SI units are called derived
supplementary units. Radian and steradian are supplementary units.
Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol

Plane Angle radian rad
Solid Angle steradian sr
(iii) Derived Units: SI units derived from base and supplementary units are called derived units.
Some of the derived units are given in the following table:
4
(iv) Radian: The 2D angle between two radii of a circle corresponding to the arc
length of one radius on its circumference is called radian.
(v) Steradian: It is the 3D angle subtended at the center of the sphere

corresponding to its surface area equal to the square of radius of sphere.
Q # 15.Why we use it useful to have two units for the amount of substance, the kilogram and the
mole?
Ans.Both units,the kilogram and mole, are useful in different cases describe below
 The unit kilogram is useful when we want to describe the macroscopic behavior of an object
without considering the number of atoms, molecules or ions present in it.
 The unit mole is useful when we want to consider a particular number of atoms of a system. It
is used to determine the microscopic behavior of any object.
Q # 16.A light year is the distance light travels in one year. How many meters are there in one
light year?
Given Data: Time
Speed of Light
To Determine:
Calculations: ( )( )
Q # 17.
(i) How many seconds are there in 1 year?
(ii) How many nanoseconds in 1 year?
(iii) How many years in 1 second?
As
Therefore
As
Therefore
As
Q # 18.What do you mean by scientific notation?

Ans.The standard form to represent numbers using power of ten is called scientific notation. It
scientific notation, a measurement is expressed as a decimal number between 1 and 10 followed by an
integer power of 10.
5
Q # 19.Describe the following numbers in scientific notation.

(ii) (iii)
Ans. The measurements expressed in scientific notation are as
follows:
(i) The scientific notation of measurement is
(ii) The scientific notation of measurement is
(iii) The scientific notation of measurement is

4. The number of base units are: 10. The solid angle subtended at the center
a) Three of sphere by an area of its surface equal
b) Five to the square of radius of the sphere is
c) Seven called:
d) Nine a) Degree
b) Radian
5. Which of the following is a derived c) Minute
quantity: d) Steradian
a) Force
b) Mass 11. The unit of force is________ and its
c) Length symbol is _______ which is the correct
d) Time pair?
a) Newton, n
6. Which of the following is SI base unit? b) Newton, N
a) gram c) newton, n
b) slug d) newton, N
c) newton
d) kilogram 12. Which of the following is least multiple:
7. Which one of the following is not a unit a) Pico
of length: b) Femto
a) Angstrom c) Nano
b) Micron d) Atto
c) Radian
d) Light year 13. The prefix pico is equal to
a)
8. The SI units of pressure in terms of b)
base units are: c)
a) d)
b)
c) 14. 0.0023 can be expressed in scientific
d) notation as:
9. The SI unit of plane angle is a)
a) Steradian b)
b) Radian c)
c) Degree d) None
d) Candela
6
1.4 ERROR AND UNCERTAINITIES
Q # 20. Define error. Also describe possible causes of error.

Ans.The difference between the observedand true value of a physical quantity is called error. The
errors may occur due to following reasons.
(i) Negligence or inexperience of a person
(ii) The faulty apparatus
(iii) Inappropriate method or technique
Q # 21.Define the term Uncertainty. Also describe its main causes.
Ans. Uncertainty is the range of values within which the true value of
measured quantity is asserted to lie. The uncertainty in a measurement
may occur due to following reason:
(i) Inadequacy or limitation of an instrument
(ii) Natural vibrations of the object being measured
(iii) Natural imperfections of a person‟s senses
Q # 22.Differentiate among the random and systematic error.
Random Error Systematic Error
(i) If the repeated measurements of a quantity (i) Systematic error refers to the effect that
give different values under same influences all measurement of a particular
conditions, then the error is called random quantity equally.
error. (ii) It may occur due to zero error of the
(ii) The random error occurs due to some instrument, poor calibration or incorrect
unknown causes marking etc.
(iii) Repeating the measurement several times (iii) The systematic error can be reduced by
and taking an average can reduce the effect comparing the instrument with another which
of random error. is known to be more accurate.
Q # 23.The time period of the simple pendulum is measured by a stop watch. What types of
errors are possible in the time period?
Ans.The possible errors that might occur are the personal errors and systematic errors. The personal
error occurs due to negligence or inexperience of a person, while the systematic may be due to the
poor calibration of equipment or incorrect marking etc.
15. Error occurs due to negligence and 16. Error in measurement may occur due to
inexperience of a person is: a) Inexperience of a person
a) Systematic Error b) The faulty apparatus
b) Random Error c) Inappropriate method
c) Personal Error d) Due to all reasons in a, b and c
d) None of these
7
1.5 SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

Q # 24. What are the significant figures? Describe their significance.
Ans.In any measurement, the accurately known digits and the first
doubtful digit are called the significant figures. The uncertainty or
accuracy in the value of a measured quantity is indicated by significant
figures.
Q # 25. How many significant figures are there in following measurements?
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(v) (vi) (vii) with least count of
(viii) with least count of
(i) The number of significant figures in the measurement are .
(ii) The number of significant figures in the measurement are .
(iii)The number of significant figures in the measurement are .
(iv) The number of significant figures in the measurement are .
(v) The number of significant figures in the measurement are .
(vi) The number of significant figures in the measurement are .
(vii) The number of significant figures in the measurement , with least count of , are 3
(viii) The number of significant figures in the measurement , with least count of , is 1
Q # 26. An old saying is that “A chain is only as strong as its weakest link”. What analogous
statement can you make regarding experimental data used in computation?
Ans. The analogous statement for experimental data used in computation will be
“The result obtained by computation of experimental data is only as much accurate as its least
accurate reading in measurements”.
Q # 27.Three students measured the length of a needle with a scale on which minimum division
is 1 mm and recorded as (i) 0.2145 m (ii) 0.21 m (iii) 0.214m. Which record is correct and why?
Ans.The record (iii) is correct.
Reason: As the scale used for measurement has the least count of 1 mm = 0.001 m. So the reading
must be taken up to three decimal places when it is written in meters. Therefore, the reading 0.214 m
is correct.
Q # 28. Write down the final result of following computation up to appropriate precision.
(i)
The final result up to appropriate precision is . It is because of the reason that the
factor , is the least accurate measurement which has three significant figures.
Therefore the answer should be written to the three significant figures.
8
The final result up to appropriate precision is . It is because of the reason

(ii) that the factor has smallest number of decimal places. Thus, the answer
should be rounded off to one decimal place.
The final result up to appropriate precision is . It is because of the reason

(iii) that the factor has smallest number of decimal places. Thus, the answer
should be rounded off to two decimal places.
Q # 29. The length and width of a rectangular plate are measure to be 15.3 cm and 12.80 cm ,
respectively. Find the area of the plate.
Given Data: Length of plate , Width of plate
To Determine:
Calculations: ( )( )
( )
Q # 30. Add the following masses given in kg upto appropriate precision. 2.189, 0.089, 11.8 and 5.32.
Given Data:
To Determine:
Calculations:
( )
Q # 31. The mass of a metal box measured by a lever balance is 2.2 kg. Two silver coins of masses 10.01 g
and 10.02 g measured by a beam balance are added to it. What is now the total mass of the box correct up
to the appropriate precision.
Given Data:
To Determine:
Calculations:
( )
Q # 32. The length, breath and thickness of a sheet are 3.233 m, 2.105 m and 1.05 cm respectively.
Calculate the volume of the sheet correct up to appropriate significant digits.
Given Data:
To Determine:
Calculations:
( )
9
1.6 PRECISION AND ACCURACY
Q # 33. Differentiate among precision and accuracy.

Precision Accuracy
(i) The precise measurement is one which has (i) An accurate measurement is one which has less
least absolute uncertainty. fractional or percentage uncertainty.
(ii) The precision of measurement depends on (ii) The accuracy in any measurement not only
the instrument or device being used. depends on instrument being used, but also on
the total measurement taken.
Q # 34.Which of the following measurement is more precise and which of them is more
accurate.
(i) Length of object is recorded as 25.5 cm using meter rod.
(ii) The length of object is measured as 0.45cm using vernier calipers.
Solution.
(i) Length of object is recorded as 25.5 cm using meter rod.


(ii) The length of object is measured as 0.45 cm using vernier calipers.



Result: The measurement (ii) is more precise because it has less absolute uncertainty. The
measurement (i) is more accurate as it has less percentage uncertainty.
17. In any measurement the significant figures 19. What is the number of significant figures in
are the measurement recorded as
a) All accurately known and all doubtful digits
b) Only accurately known digits a) 1
c) Only doubtful digits b) 3
d) All accurately know digits and the first
doubtful digit
c) 4
d) 7
18. If the reading is taken with measuring scale
whose minimum division is 1mm, then the 20. Zero is not significant only if it
correct reading is: a) Lies to the left of a significant digit
a) m b) is between two digits
b) m c) is to the right of a significant digit
c) m d) is before the decimal point
d) None
10
1.7 ASSESMENT OF TOTAL UNCERTAINTY IN THE FINAL RESULT
1.7.1 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION: For assessment of total uncertainty in final result of addition
and subtraction, the absolute uncertainties are added.
Q # 35. Find out displacement between points and .
Given Data: ,
To Determine:
Calculations: ( ) ( )
1.7.2 MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION: Percentage uncertainties are added for assessment of total
uncertainty in the final result of multiplication and division.
Q # 36. If the potential difference of applied across the ends of conductor, and as
the result the current pass through conductor. Determine the resistance.
Given Data:
To Determine:
Calculations:By Ohm‟s law:
Uncertainty:
Therefore with uncertainty OR
1.7.3 POWER FACTOR: In order to assess the total uncertainty for the case of power factor, we
multiply the percentage uncertainty by the power.
Q # 37. Find out volume of sphere whose radius
Given Data:
To Determine:
Calculations:Volume of sphere ( )
Uncertainty:
Therefore OR
Q # 38.The diameter and length of a metal cylinder measured with the help of vernier calipers of
least count 0.01 cm are 1.22 cm and 5.35 cm. Calculate the volume of cylinder and uncertainty in it.
Given Data:
To Determine:
( ) ( )
Calculations:Volume of cylinder
Uncertainty:
( ) ( )
Therefore OR
11
1.7.4 UNCERTAINTY IN AVERAGE VALUE OF MANY MEASUREMENTS
The uncertainty in average value of many measurements is equal to the mean deviation.
Q # 39. The six measurements were taken of the diameter of wire using screw gauge which are 1.20,
1.22, 1.23, 1.19, 1.22, 1.21. Determine the uncertainty in final result.
Given Data: Measurements of diameter of wire (in mm) are
Calculations:Average diameter of wire =
Deviation of each measurement from average value are

Mean Deviation =
Thus uncertainty in mean value of diameter

Hence Diameter of wire =
1.7.5 UNCERTAINTY IN TIMING EXPERIMENT

The uncertainty in the time period of a vibrating body is found by dividing the least count of the timing
device by the number of vibrations.
Q # 40.The simple pendulum completes 30 vibrations 54.6 s. the least count of the stop watch is 0.1 s.
Find out uncertainty in the time period of simple pendulum.
Given Data:
To Determine:
Calculations:Time Period = Time for 1 Vibration s

Uncertainty
Therefore:
Q # 41.Find the value of g and its uncertainty using √ from the following measurements.
Length of simple pendulum , Time for 20 vibrations . Length was measured

by the meter scale of accuracy 1 mm and time by the stop watch of accuracy up to 0.1 s.
Given Data:
To Determine: Gravitational Acceleration
Calculations:Time Period
( ) ( )
As √ () ( )
Uncertainty:
Uncertainty in time Period =
( ) ( )
Therefore OR
12
1.8 DIMENSIONS OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

Q # 42.What do you know about the dimension analysis?
Ans. To express any physical quantity in terms of specific symbols of corresponding base quantities,
written within square brackets, is called the dimension of that
physical quantity.The scientific symbols used to express the
dimensions of different physical quantities are as follows:
Q # 43.Write down the dimensions of velocity, acceleration and force?
( )( )
Q # 44.What are the dimensions of (i) Pressure (ii) Density
(i) By definition,
(ii) By definition,
Q # 45.Determine the dimension of following physical quantities?Nuclear Energy, Angle (θ)

(i)
(ii) We know that
Therefore, angle is a dimensionless quantity.
Q # 46.What are the dimensions and units of gravitational constant G in the formula
Given Data: Formula
To Determine:
[ ]
Calculation(i) * +
(ii) As So Unit of G:
13
Q # 47.Find the dimensions and hence the SI units of coefficient of viscosity in the relation of
Stoke’s law for the drag force F for a spherical object of radius r moving with velocity v given as
.
Given Data: Formula
To Determine: (i)
(ii)
[ ]
Calculation(i) * + [ ]
(ii) As [ ] So Unit of :
Q # 48.What are the advantages of dimension analysis?

Ans.The dimension analysis may be used for
(i) Checking the correctness of a physical equation
(ii) Deriving a possible formula of a physical quantity
Q # 49.The wavelength of a wave depends on the speed of the wave and its frequency .
Decide which of the following is correct, or (ii)
(i) (ii)
* +
As
As Hence, the equation is dimensionally

Hence, the equation is not correct.
dimensionally correct.
Q # 50.Suppose we are told that the acceleration of a particle moving in a circle of radius with
uniform speed is proportional to some power of , say , and some power of , say ,
determine the powers of and v.
Given:
To Determine:
Calculations:
Writing dimensions on both sides:
Equating powers of T:
Equating powers of L:
14
Q # 51.The speed v of sound waves through a medium may be assumed to depend upon (a) the
density of the medium and (b) its modulus of elasticity E which is the ratio of stress to strain.
Deduce by method of dimensions, the formula for speed of sound.
Given:
We have to find:
[ ⁄ ] [ ]
Solution:
Let ( )
[ ]
Equating powers of M:
Putting values in (1): √
Q # 52.Derive a relation for the time period T of a simple pendulum using dimensional analysis.
The various possible factors on which the time period may depend are (i) length of the
pendulum (b) mass of the bob (c) angle which the thread makes with vertical (iv)
acceleration due to gravity (g).
Given:
We have to find:
Solution:
Let ( )
( )
[ ]
As , so its power
Equating powers of M:
Equating powers of L:
Putting values in (1): √
15
Q # 53.What is homogeneity principle?

Ans.According to homogeneity principle “If the dimensions of a physical quantity on both sides of
equation are the same, then the equation will be dimensionally correct”.
Show that the famous “Einstein’s Equation” is dimensionally consistent.
* + * +
[ ]
Conclusion:As
Hence, the equation is dimensionally correct.
Q # 54.Show that the expression is dimensionally correct, where is the velocity at

, is the acceleration and is the velocity at time t.
Conclusion: As
Hence, the equation is dimensionally correct.
Q # 55.Check the correctness of the relation √ where v is the speed of transverse wave on
a stretched string of tension F, length l and mass m.
( ) ( )
Conclusion: As
Hence, the equation √ is dimensionally correct.
Q # 56.Write down any two drawbacks of dimensional

analysis?
Ans.The major drawbacks of dimensional analysis are:
(i) The dimension analysis is unable to find the values of
any constant of proportionality in physical equations.
(ii) The dimensional analysis cannot be applied to the
physical quantities involving trigonometric and
logarithmic functions.
16
Q # 57.Does the dimensional analysis gives any information on constant of proportionality that
may appear in an algebraic expression. Explain?
Ans. Dimensional analysis does not give any information about constant of proportionality in any
expression. This constant can be determined experimentally.
Example: In the expression of time period of simple pendulum, the constant of proportionality cannot
be determined from dimension analysis.

21. An accurate measurement is one which 26. refers to quantity
has less:
a) Precision a) Velocity
b) Absolute uncertainty b) Time period
c) Fractional uncertainty c) Frequency
d) None d) Force
22. Absolute uncertainties are added in 27. The dimension of the following pair is not
the same
following operations:
a) work & energy
a) Multiplication b) work and torque
b) Division c) Momentum & impulse
c) Subtraction d) Mass & moment of inertia
d) None
28. Unit of G is ?
23. If and
, then is given
a) Nm2 kg2
as: b) N m2 kg
a) c) N m2 kg-2
b) d) None
c) 29. The dimensional formula for the quantity
d)
light year is:
24. Which one of the following is not
regarded as a fundamental quantity in a)
Physics? b)
a) Length c)
b) Mass d)
c) Time
30. The dimensions of strain are
d) Weight
a) [MLT2]
25. Dimensions for acceleration due to
b) [ML-2T]
gravity is
c) [Mo Lo To]
a)
d) [M-1L-1T-1]
b) [ ]
c)
d)
17
18

Chapter 1 Measurements

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Chapter 1 Measurements

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Chapter 1 (F. Sc.

Physics 1st Year) Measurements (Edition:2015-16)

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS

Q # 1.Define Physics? Describe its main areas of research.

2. The sciences which deals with non-living

1.2 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

Q # 8.Differentiate among the base and derived quantities.

Q # 9.How the base quantities are measured?

1.3 INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS

Q # 13.What do you know about international system of units?

Ans.In 1960, an international committee agreed on a set of definitions

Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol

Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol

(v) Steradian: It is the 3D angle subtended at the center of the sphere

Q # 18.What do you mean by scientific notation?

Q # 19.Describe the following numbers in scientific notation.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1.4 ERROR AND UNCERTAINITIES

Q # 20. Define error. Also describe possible causes of error.

1.5 SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

The final result up to appropriate precision is . It is because of the reason

The final result up to appropriate precision is . It is because of the reason

1.6 PRECISION AND ACCURACY

Q # 33. Differentiate among precision and accuracy.

(ii) The length of object is measured as 0.45 cm using vernier calipers.

1.7 ASSESMENT OF TOTAL UNCERTAINTY IN THE FINAL RESULT

Calculations:By Ohm‟s law:

Therefore with uncertainty OR

1.7.4 UNCERTAINTY IN AVERAGE VALUE OF MANY MEASUREMENTS

Calculations:Average diameter of wire =

Deviation of each measurement from average value are

Thus uncertainty in mean value of diameter

1.7.5 UNCERTAINTY IN TIMING EXPERIMENT

Calculations:Time Period = Time for 1 Vibration s

Length of simple pendulum , Time for 20 vibrations . Length was measured

To Determine: Gravitational Acceleration

Uncertainty in time Period =

1.8 DIMENSIONS OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

Q # 43.Write down the dimensions of velocity, acceleration and force?

Q # 44.What are the dimensions of (i) Pressure (ii) Density

Q # 45.Determine the dimension of following physical quantities?Nuclear Energy, Angle (θ)

(ii) We know that

Therefore, angle is a dimensionless quantity.

Given Data: Formula

Q # 48.What are the advantages of dimension analysis?

As Hence, the equation is dimensionally

Putting values in (1): √

Putting values in (1): √

Q # 53.What is homogeneity principle?

Q # 54.Show that the expression is dimensionally correct, where is the velocity at

a stretched string of tension F, length l and mass m.

Hence, the equation √ is dimensionally correct.

Q # 56.Write down any two drawbacks of dimensional

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

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