Chuyéa cong du bdy ngay ba TS awéc cia Tong Théng Gerald | IVoXIX Ford « Thé luc diu lita » y \'V°AIX hoc Tan va Han + Ngon ngie Viét Nam truéc nga tur quéc té « Tén ding cia Lé Tai Hau + The cig Hoang Ngoc Tun gi H6i But Viét « Di thim nghé si Nim Chau.Net a ee ee ee BACH-KHOA 160 Phan’ Dinh Phing Saigon Chi -trrang + LE: NGO CHAU 4, NGHIEM NGOC HUAN Bai v@: TON THAT HAN Tin bee + \cuveN HUY NHAN . GIA MUA DAI HAN sAU THANG 2.3004. MOT NAM 4.5004. * Cao’ Nguyén va Mién Trung: thém ctréc phi may bay mot nim ; Good (mdi 88 254.) r * Ngoai quéc dung thay : thém cude phi mgt nim: 1,560d 7 * Naogi quéc dung hang khéng, ti 99-7-74, mdi 6 ¢ Giri di Kampuchia + god. ee sa Ae ka oe — Au-chau, Béc Phi — Déng-Nam-. ng ~ kong, waka Suro reai-lan eine) vaigech one Dong, Dalsdwong-chiu — Nhit- bin, Dai-bin, Uc, Tan-Tay-Lan vive ¢ 3654 An- 49, Hdi-qué< :1god. — Hoa-ky, Gia-na-dai + 4god * Chi phiéu, buu phiéy, xin 48 tén éng Lé-Ng6-Chiu 160 Phan dinh Phang Saigon, buru chi phiéu xin giri Treong myc 27-46, Bach Khoa Thdi Dai Trung Khu Saigon. is | eee Se GIA ‘BIEU QuANG cAo 1 trang trong 1 mdiky + 10,900¢ 1/2 trang trong fo méiky ot) 5.0004 1/3 trang trong : \méiky? + 4,000d 1/4 trang trong : mikp : 3,000 Mu6n ding quang cdo td 6 thing trd Ién c6 gid dic biét, xin lién lac voi Bach Khoa, 160 Phan-Dinh-Phiing Saigon. 8.1. 25.559. jeBACH KHOA Ss: DANG TRAN HUAN h@i nghj thirgng dinh My-Nga trong ritng | Tay-Ba Loi-A DOHAMIDE thé yc du lira TRAN THUGNG TUNG Hau Kinh, Hau Kién hay Hew Cénh (nhan bai-*K8utén cho ding» cia O. Nguyén Van Hau) TRAN VAN TICH Y hpe Tan va Hén PHAM TRONG NHAN ngén nga Viet Nam trréc nga tur quéc té MINH DUC HOA! TRINH 14 thr Minh-Bite Hoai-Trinh HO MINH DONG ngon khdi hin hoan (truyén) DONG TRINH phic vé mét trong lai (the) VO HU'U BINH gp dua theo nhang chuyén di dai (tho) VO NGG@C THANH nher nhirng ngay nang he (the) NGUYEN HUY CHUGING tdm bin-tiah co (tho) SINH HOAT WE PHUONG CHI wong thugt budi thim viéng ngh? st Nam Chau THE NHAN dién téu nhac khf truyén théng va tr6ng Nhat ban HOANG NGQC TUAN ‘thir chie ming H6i V8n Bat V.N. nhan ngay trao gidi thréng truyén dai 74 cho nha van Nauyén Méng Gide VAN THANH. trinh bay. bia («Subi Vang» & Dalat, dah cia nhiép-anh-gia LA! HOU BUC) Chi tnrong: LE NGO CHAU In tgi-nha in TRI DANG 21 Nguyén Thiéa Thugt—Saigon Dja-chi : 160, Phan Binh Phing Saigon GIA: 200$ Céng sé: 400$ Dign thopi: 25.539 Cao Newyéa vi Mitn Trung H.T..339 Saigon ewe pli may bay as$ moi 6Sach nhan duo'c trw@c 15-12-74 Béch Khoa tran trong caém on qui vj da giri tang nhitng séch sau day vd xin Gn cin giéi thidu cing qui bgn doc: — Bat Ty Ha Lac liryc khdo do Hoc Neng bién sogn, Co s& Phom quang Khai xudt bdr, sogn gid va nha xude bdn giti ting. Sich day trén 630 trang gom 4 clurong, trink bay Bat Ty, roi tir Bét Te dén 6 vd qaé He Lge, Hinh thive: vd noi dung qué Ha Lae; Cich gidi dodn qué Ha Lac, ¥ nghia 64 gué va 384 hao cé Phy lyc: Bach nién lich. Ban gidy tring. Gia {2.1804, = Thi nhan Vigt-Nam Thé-he /1954-1973 Quytn I cia Nguyén Tan Long va Phan Canh do Song Méi xaat ban va O. Nguyén Tan Long giti ang Sach day 610 trang trinh bay vé cdc nha tho: Bui Gidng, ‘Quack Thogt Neguyén Sa, Tué Mai, Du Te Lé, Mee Twéng, Kién Giang, Hoing Huong Trang, Tran Tuan Kiét, Twong Link Thanh Tam Tuyén, m6i nha tho dea céhinh dnh, tiéu sit, nhgn dink vé toan b6 thi'phdm, vo Thi tuyén. Bién soan cong phu- Gid 1800 4. —Tim hitu mét tac pham van chong cia Nguyén Q. Thang do Tring Xudn xndt ban va tde gid gbi ting. Sach diy 200 trang gim 3 chong? Chnrong 1 va Hs Khdo sat va phé binh mé6t tac phim. Chweng III: Doc mét tde phim. Gid 670 4. — Vat ly Ti€n-héatuan, nguyen tdc « The Evolution of Physics » cia Albert Einstein va Leopold Infeld, Ban dich Nguyén ngoc Tho, do An-Tiém xudt ban va dich gid géi tang. Sdch day trén 300 trang, phién dich cong Phu, trinh bay vé quan nigm co gidi khdi sink viv sup 43, Thayée Twong 461, Thayét Nguyén teong. Pha tue: Tagore va Einstein. Gid 900d, — Tra that trtyén-ddi. cia Minh Ditc Hoti Trink do Phuc Hung xndt ban vd tée gid gdi ting. Tée phim thir 13 cha tde gid day 166 trang, bia rét dep do Vin Thanh thc hign. Gid 520 4, 5 — Anh Chj yéu d&u trayén daz cia Dinh Tin Leygn do Nguyén Dinh Varong xudt ban va géi ting. Sdch phim thir 11 cia tée gid day 412 trang, bia trang nhd do téc gid trink bay. Gid 11004, — Cuéc tinh trong nguc that truyén dai cia Nguyén thi Hoang, do Nouyén Dinh Vigng xudt ban vd god ting. Sdch day 154 trang, bia cia NguyBn Dong. Gid 500 4, CUNG QUI BAN GUI BAI: BACH KHOA SO KY NIEM 18 NAM niin nay cing 1a BACH KHOA S6 TET AT MAO, sé ra mat ban doc vao trang twin thing 11975 nhe throng 1¢ méi nim. Vay qui ban viét ibai cho S6 diac bier vA Sé Tét nay xin giri vé Bach Khoo, 160 Phan Dish Phang, Saigon 3; trréc 30-12-1975. Xin cam on qui ban, Ban Chi truong BACH-KHOA@_ DANG -TRAN- HUAN Héi-nghi thrgng dinh My-Nga trong ring gid Tay-Ba Loi-A ‘Mat chuyén xudt ngogi trinh dién Ngay 18-11-74 Tong-thdng Gerald Ford roi Hoa-ky 8 bat dau cong du chau A, fin fegt viéng thim “hit, Dai-Hin va Nega-sé. Day 1a chuyén xudt ngosi du tien cla ong tir Khi nbin chic T3ng-théng, Chuyén di lau 7 ngay, dai trén 26 ngan cay s6, chuyén di mét mdi nhdt ma chua vj Tong-théag MY nao trai qua. Ba Ford khong di cing chon? nhir cic b3 Tong-thong khéc, nhung éng Ford durge mét phil doan tham mu toa Bach-dc gim 80 ngtrdi va mot don vj mit vy di theo. 153 phéng vién thép ting d@ tvong “thugt cube cong du, con sé ma ngwdi My cho 1a quait so vol cdc ende cdng du treréc, Du lu§a My cho ring chuyén di cia éng Ford khéng can thiét, mot ebuy€n di nog phin trinh diga m4 khéng dem Iai ket qua gi méi 1? “tong chinh sich d6] ngoat ctia Hoa- ky. Ong ra di trong! Iie chinh tai Hoa-ky cdn nhiés vin dé 61 vim nh ngn lam’ phat) nan sut gia, kink t€ thut lai, nan that nghiép chwa gidi quyét xong. Quéc ‘hoi vira bic bé bai phic nghj’ cia fog, va chinh nban vat phi thay ‘Ong cim quyén 14 Phé Tdng-théng Rockefeller thi vin chira dirgc, chip aban. : Nhéng ngwdi chong adi Sng Ford @imia mai fog myc tiéu quan tong cla chuyén di 1a Nhgt-baa nhwng 6ng Ford da cé tinh lam mo nhat chuyén nay di bing cdch thém vio 1§ trinh hai dja-danh Han-thaoh va Hai-sam-Uy (Vladivostok), Tuy nbién khi chuyén di hodn tit, vOi théa higp kan ché vii khi nguyéa t® dat duoc thi mic diu éng Ford & Nea it hon & Nbat 3 ngay nhung mye dich chinh cuge A du ciia ong Ford vin 1a hoi ngh{ thigng dlub Tay-ba-lgi-A. Bay ngay du hanh ba nvéc Tng-théng Hoa-ky téi thi-dd Déong-kinh ngay 18-1r trong khi truéc 46 mot ngay tren 100.000 ngudi Nhat 44 xudng dong tai hon 100 dja ditm kh4c nhau trén khip nuéc Nhit chong déi cugc vitag whim cia 6ng, Ong Ford 14 vi Tong-Théng Hoa. “ky diy tn thim ving Nhai-han, Nim 1960, TSng-théng Eisevhower dy dinh tham Nb4t nhurng cudi cing 44 phai hdy bd y dinh 46 vi lan séng chéng d6i qué dit d6i cits phe th taf Nhat. TSng-théng Nixon dy dinh viéng Nbat cudi nim 1974> nhung chira thyc hién dugc thi 49 phai tir chic vi vu Watergate. ‘ Trong 5 ngay thm vitng Noit, Tong Théng My 43 42 nbitu thi/ HOI NGH] THUQNG BINH MY NGA gid vio vige thim thing cinh, vao nbing chuyga xi-giao nh nhan huy chirong cla huéng. dgo sinh» xem bitu digo nhu dgo, trong cay dogwood (mt logi cay hoa tim hose tring twong ty nhu cay tritng ca) dé kj-nigm chuyén viéng thim, Nbat-hoang Hirohlto khéag dén ‘TSng-Thong Ford tai phi trdng nheng ti hom sau da hoi kiéa voi Tong-Théng tgi dink Akasaka, T6i hom: 4 trong bita tite chinh thirc, vj Quéc-veong 73 tubi cla Phi-tang ngd loi cim on Hoaky 4 gitip ngudi Nhat xéy dirog lei dat nude sau thé chién thir hai, Ngwoi ta nhé Khoang 30 nim tréc day khi Ong Gerald Ford dang la si quan phyc vu trén mot bang khong mau~ham tai Thai-Binh-Duong thi Nbat-hodng Hirohito ra lah cho quan di Nnjt day hang. Cugc hoi kin v6] Thi-twéong Whit méi 1a céi dinh cha cude yiéog thim Nhat cia TSog-Thing Ford. Nhung kbi 46 Thai tuéng ‘Tanaka dang trong mot trang thal tinh than bat 8n wi dang bi 16 ve | fhitng nguda tii chdnh map me va _ Ong dang chuln bj tk chic. Nguoi ta ndi so di 6ng Tanaka cdn nin Jai chive va Thi-twong chinh vi thOng muda d2 6ng Ford viéag Nhat | trong lic Hanh-ph4p khong co ngwdj lanh Ggo. Ngwoi ké vj Ong Kakuei Tanaka sé van 1a mét ngudi thugc 4ing Dan Cha Ty Do ngbia 1a chiah afich khéng thay di ohing thio lugn voi mét vi Thi-tuéng cho ngag tir chic thi diu sao cling kém phin hing thi. Trong thdi gian 6ng Ford BACH KHOA. thim Nhit, thi-turéng Tanaka 6 ve. buda. nin £6 rét. Mot nha ngoai giao MY tai Déng-ktnh 44 pbai thot lea Ning: 4 Thi tung Tanaka cé vé niur hoin toan lo ling vé nhitng chuyéa clia riéng éng. Trong bita tiég ‘cng Sng Ford, hbn 6og Tanaka nh | choi voi tin dau dau ngin dam». Tuy vay, Thi-tedag Nnit icilg; Khéng quén ohic Tone. TH6ie ot néa By thi cic vind? A-chau cuagy »» nhw di liu ¥ téi cic via dé Au chau Thi-tw6ng Nhat khong ndi 16 bee ¥ minh nhung Tong-Théog My ctiag biéi la Ong ta dd c6 ¥ trich knéo vy 6ng Nixon thim Trung Cong nim 1971 ma khong tham khio ¥ kiéa Nhit-ban. Cuéc thim viéng cd 46 Kyoto cia éng Ford la: m3t. cugc viéng thim budn té mjc dd Ong dinh tron moe ngay d& thim thang cinh 6-40, © rit nbitu noi hinh phe 1, 4 ttitu dan Kyoto khong biét dig chuyén viéng thim nay. Khong cé. nhitag dim ngirdi bu quanh Tonge Th6ng & nhitag noi dng dirng i, Mie da c6 téi 8000 cinh sat bio ve an ninh nhing dém 46 trong khi Téng-Théag Ford dang dng rogu saké cing voi cc cd geisha tré dep thi bén ngoai xe phéng thanh cia nhing ngudi biku toh hd lon « Thag Thing Ford hay r6i khdi Naat ngay », Tuy nhiéo, kE ca cage dinh cong ca nghi¢p doan 3,5 trigu cong nhan, trong ngay r9-11 lam té ligt cao phuong tign giao-thoog, sy chong 461 TSag-Théng Ford tai Nhat duga ke nhir 1a nhe so voi sy wee doin, cia nha cam quyéo,‘S Ban Théng-cio chung MY Nhat mo hd, thng quat nhu da sd cde ‘Théng-céo chung, khéng cd gi dic big Vin dé tiu My mang vo khi ngyén-tit ra vao hai-phan Nhat la mot vin 48 ngwoi Nbit rt quad tam, da khong dirge nhic téi tron® Thongecio, VE vin 62 diu la bal niréc hira cong tic trong chuyén tim kiém cic ngudn ning luc méi va tiét kigm nbién-ligu ohwng khéog xic djoh 16 cic bign-ph4p hanh-dgng. Daly Hou-ky mudn Nhijt ign két voi My 43 chong lai vige phe A RaP tang gi dau Iai 1a dite Nb§jt mubn né teach, Khoin hal nwGc sé them kh3o nhative cdc van dé quéc té chi 1a mOt khodn d2. hao gin -lai sy dd y5 do 60g Nixon da giy ta Tém lai chuyén Nhat du ciia”6ng Ford khéng hon khong kém 1a mOt chuyéo di tg 181 voi mot déng mioh chau A, 000 Roi Nhat, 6ng Ford téi Hin- thanh trong sy tiép déa ndng nbigt hdc hn, Bite chan dung khdng 15 cia Téng-Th6ng Ford dung trén dai kim soit phi trudng Kim-Phé 43 ¢eurge sita lai ny cwdi trol thanh nép pghiém trang vA di mit dugm ve & siu ob kitu A-Dong, Suét ching Guong dai gin 20 c4y sé Tong- Théng Ford. duge trén mot trigd ngwdi nghénh d6n haibén duong voi ahirng bids ngé : « Ford, vua cia cic vi vual®, voi nhitng hoa gidy wwog ‘bay va ng hoan hé vang day, » TSng-Théng Phac-Chanh-Hy va, “toAn thé noi cdc nghénh dén Tdng- Thong Ford ngay tal phi-trrdag DANG TRAN HUAN ; trong mot budi 12 au gin mét riéng” dng bd. Tuy thé cdc quan-sit-vien cho ring cugc tigp én vi Tong Théng Hoa-ky thir 3 thim Dai-Haa lin nay chwa long trong so voi cude tip dén Téng-Théng Eisenhower vao" nim 1952 va 1960 va TOng-Thong Johnson vio nim 1966, Trong qué khir cing nhy trong bin t3i Dai-Han 44 t ra cé biée tai vé (8 chirc quin ching. Nhitog doan nga ching déi chinh phi néu cé thi tire thdi cé nhitng doin th? ding hd, Mét doan th? sinh vida hi thio dai te do din chi thi tite thoi co mot Goan thé sinh vién khiclim kign-nght ca tung cdc bi€a-phap khat-khe 1a cin, thift, Vigc 4m sét hut TSog-Thong Phic tung c6 thé tré think mét co Li cho phe d8i 1p. hanh dong thi nhitng lan #6ag: phong trao chéng Nbat 8 at bang thang lida céi nhitng vy chit ng6n tay t4p th? 4a lim quin: chting yéu niréc quén di hién tai, Trong hai ngay 22 va 23-11) hru hhi Dai-Han, Tdog-Théog Ford hdi dam voi Téng-Th6ng Dai-Hin, dat mot vong hoa trén md bi Phac- Chinh-Hy va mét vdng hoa trén md. chién si vd daph Dal-Han, Ong cing thim vigng va 38.000 quan nhin My tai trai Casey & phia Bic Hin. — thaoh 181 49 cay sd gin khu phi chiéo, nhitng ngrdi link MY con dn tra tai Dai-Han sau khi chién tranh T-8u Tiga chim ditt ar name Tai Dai-Han, phe chdag d5i cho ring chuyén viéng thim cia ng Ford chi ciing 3 th?m chioh sich $c-t3i.clla 6ng Phic.Chanh-Hy bitn nay. Du luga MY cing cho riog/ HOI NGAI THUGNG DINH NGA MY chuyén thim Dai-Han khong cd loi. Cua Dai-sir MY tai Nat, Oag Edwin O. Reischauer tuyén bé : «Sy viéag thim Dai-Han la mot quyét dinh vung vé. Di mudn hay khong né6 cling xfcnhin sy ung hé v6 di8u-kiga Dgi-Han trong, hic ma tol khong nghi ring Hoa-ky cd thé lam chuyén ding hd qués gia 46 trong chic Gigu-kign hign nay » , Nhung voi Téng-Théag Ford, ntu bé khong viéng Dai-Han cé nghia la mot sy thay Si trong chinh sich ‘cha Mj va Ong lai khong muba cé Gu as. Cho nén trong bin Théng-cio chung My-Dai Hin, Hoa-ky cam két sé can thiép ngay kbi Dai-Hin bj tin céng quan sy, nbung né tranh khong mhic nhd gi tei chuyém ty do din cht & Nam Han, 000 Khi Tong-Théng My toi hii cing Hii-sim-uy thuéc Tay-bé-lei-A, ngay bién-giéi Trung-Cong, vao ngay 23- 1, 6ng duge Téng Bi-the Cong dang Nga tiép dén va dra léo ngay xe lira ti dja diém hoi nghj cach xa hai cing 15i 90 cay sb gifta rirng gid, _Mijc diu 6ag Brezhnev 46n dng Ford tai phi-tredng nhwng agro) Nea vin khéng coi cugc gap go 1a md. cudc ving thim chich thie nén khéog hop tai tha 46, khéag cS doin quan danh’ dy din cho vais cing khong cd quan ching hoaa hd, Thanh phd Hii-sam-vy 14 mgt thanh phd khép kin vO ngudi ngoal qués, née khong al dugyc G* igi, Phong vién BACH KHOA, Phap va Anh khéng duge phép whe Hiiesim-uy. Not hgi-ngh} gitta Ong Ford wh Tong Bi-thy Cong ding Nga 1A not nghi mat so sai, dén néi mét ahaa vién trong phéi doin My da phai go. sinh v6i «cng quia Hilton », mop danh tir ma cdc si ‘quan MY bj Bac Vist giam gitt dung 2 chi nha giam Héa-ld, Ha-noi ! Cudc hop gitta hai linh ie Nga, ‘Mf dién ra bi mat néa ‘khong ai biét 16 chi tiét ra sao ma chi biét ting quat la hai bén dat dirgc mot théa wéc vé han ché vo khi nguyén tir dugc goi tat 1a théa wéc SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks). Ngay trong cudc hop bdo mét tuin sau khi ti Nga SO td ve, nbitw chy tir v8 théa biép cing’ khong digo TSng-thing Ford tiét 19, VA lat phi’ chi tit khic cing cdn phat ban bat’ trong céc \ cugc’ throng thuyét tong lai. Tuy vay néu cdc @i@u khodn duc thio luan dirt khode thi théa wéc cd th t6m tat trong hai ditn chink sau day : 1/ — Ci hai quée gia chi dug phép c6 ti da mdi née 2400 gidn phénghéa titn, Gian phéng nél chung cho ci gian duéi dit, va héa tién phéng tir tim thby dink. Pht co phéog phio nguyén tt dirgc kb a mot glan phéng mac diu méi phi cocé thé ch& trén hai trai bom nguyén tir, Nga sd 43 nhiomg bo khong k? céc v6 khi nguyén tl chién theat do khdéi Minh “Use Bic Dal. ‘Tay Duong dang so “hou tat Aus* chau 1a nhitng gidn phéng n6i trong théa woe. S6 lwgng han cbé ebida trén khién Nea sé pbai giim di roo gian phéng vi hién nay theo woe legng Nga 43 6 t6i 2500 gian. Con sé nay gdm 1618 hoa tiés Hen tue dia ICBM. (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile); 740 hoa tién trén Clu chién va 150 phéng phao co. Vé pia Hoa Ky o6 quyén gia ting s6 gin héa tiéa, Hign nay ~ Hoa Ky 06 Khodng 2200 gdm 1054 hda tiéa Wen Ine dja, 656. fhda tiéa trén tiu ngim va 500 phéng phdo co. 2/— Trong pham vi 2400 glin, hai neréc c6 quyén ché tao t6i da 1.300 béa tin da diu MIRV. (Multiple Independently targetable Reentry Ve- hicle). Nga sd tuy 44 thf aghiém loai héa tién nay nbieng thye si chia 06 héa tién ndo trong kho. Nam toi Nga sé 3% thyc hién cic héa ti&n SS 17 va SS 19 18 loat c6 thé mang b6n dau dan nguyén ti eén méi chiée, Nga cing dang ché tao loai SS 18 06 th® mang t6i 8 dau dan. Ve phia Hoa-Ky cho ti sang nam cb th? cé 1046 héa tién da 43a gdm 550 hda tiga Minuteman III va 496 hda tién Poseidon a4t trén 31 tem thiy dinh, Hoa-Ky sé dat toi mire 1,300 han dink vio gira thip nién 1980 khi hodn tat ro tiém thiy dinh Trident kita méi, mdi chiée 6 th chéa 24 héa titm da dau Nhng vin dé la lam sao. kiém soat duge s6 leong néa hai nuée weet qua mite fn din. My khong the t6j Vinh thd Nea 42 kiém soat ohu kitm soat mt thuge dja hay mot owdc hwéng vign tro va Nga cting khong th8 lam hu vay. Céc oka Khoa hoc BANG TRAN HUAN / thi ndi ring he kim sodt diye 86 lwgng gian phéng bing cdc vé tinh nban tao. Chuyén nay nghe 26 vé mo hd nhwng ta cing ph3i tin céc ahd khoa hoc nhir cic 6ng Ford va Brez~ hnev 6 tin Khi cdc khoa hoc gia cho biét 43 c6 th® theo di cdccudc chuyta quan cach xa bang van dam hay theo déi cdc sich boat trés cdc hinh tinh khac bang vé tinh nhan tao. Téng két mot chuyén di mét nhoc Sau chuyén cong du ba nurse A~ Chau, dng Ford t6 vé hai long vé viéc thié-lap mét ky nguyén mdi trong cugc bang giao voi Nhat va git vitng nhi¢ng cam két voi Dai Han, Ve théa hip vi Nga, 6ng va nhitng ngwdi ting hd Ong cd hai long hon nhiéa, 3 Ngoai tredng Kissinger cho 46 ly mét tién bo d%c bigt, Tham vy béo chi Phd Tng-Théag Ron Nessen cho \ ring ohitng digu ma dng Nixon kbéng 1am ndi trong 3 nm thi dng Ford 43 fam dirgc wong 3 thang, Tbng-ThOng My néi: «Ching ta 43 tranh. duge mot cugc thi dua v6 trang véi mét gid khéng ngd. Ching ta ch’p nhgo mot 6 gian héa tiéa ft hon nhieng ec mbt sO hoa tién da dau nhigu bon va Nga chia bat kip chting ta vé phisong dién nay», Nhirng ngudi chSug 461 théa woe thi cho ring MY 44 nhirong b6 qua nhiéu, théa roc vira hyp phap héa vigc bidu duong vo khi chiéa Ive trong hién tai vira phat trite chrong triah ché tgo sas mudi nSm eda tha/ HOI NGHI THUONG DINH NGA MY wéc va tén kém cho ngan séch hang abidu ty Mg-kim. Truc ngay Toag-Todng My hop bio, tai Thirong-vién MY ¢6 37 ngbi si chéng 461 Théa wie Salt 2. Nghi si Jackson 44 kich, cho ring Thda uéc nay khong ngin chan direc cugc chgy dua v6 trang vi Thda ude chi han ché 86 hda-iéa hwag khong han ché s6 dau dan nguyén ti. Nhe vay bai bén van cé thé chay dua, cai tién cic héa tién 48 moi bda tién céth? mang digce ohitu dau dan, moi @iu dan nbam t6i mot myc tigu nbit dioh khdc ohau, V6i 37 nghi si ch6ng di, Thda- wéc ma éng Ford vita dat khé cé th? hoi diryc sy phé chuan voi da 36 2/3 s6 phiéu hiés-@jnh trix phi TOng-Théng Ford thuyét phuc adi Throng vién thay dBi lap trong. Da sao thi ngedi hai ldng nbat vé chuyéa di ngogi quéc cia Tong- Thong My van 1a éng Ngoai tredng thich diye goi bang « Tién si» 1a éng Kissinger vi chinh 6ng 18 ngiroi thiic dy dng Ford xudt ngoai, ngurdi BACH KHOA ma du ludn cho 14 Gidéo su Ngoa) giao trong khi 6ng Ford la cau sink viéa vita t6t nghiép. Va ngirdi thir hai hai lang ve chuyén di bat chap bitu tinh chong d6i, tiép dén lanh nhat hay dir lute chi trich, chinh 1a Téng-théng Gerald Ford. Chi thé ma khi vira ve téi lank thd Hoa-Ky, chia chink thite trinh bay két qua chuyén di cho quéo dan di cé mot Théng cio. cho biét 12 6ng sé di Trung Cong vao nim tei. \ DANG TRAN HUAN Binh chinh Trong Bich Khoa ky triée ¢ trang 85 dau cét 2, bai “Hdi nghi thuong dinh A Rap »sap thiéu mgt ché nén cau néi cia ba Meir sal noghia. Xin quy gc gid sira gidm lai nh sau , «Toi khong tin rang ngwéi Pales. tine cd th® c6\ mot xt sh va t0j ciing nghi rang ho khdng can cé6 mo xt sd, Ds phat hanh toan quéc PONG TAY TUONG THUAT TONG BIEN cla Cy TAM NGUYEN, NGUYEN KE NGAN Cy 44 trén go n3m nghién ciru rit céng phu va thyc hanh ding 100/too. Sé gitip qui dgc gid biét tewoéc moi sy vise hién tai va trong lai, Téng phat hanh tai: 58 Céng LY Saigon (vén hong Bo Cong Chénh Saig, 5@_DOHAMIDE 2 Thé lyrc dau lira Sw céu. két cha céc quyén Igi tr ban trong ky nghé dau lira thé gidi KY nghé khai thic diu lita chinh ‘thire phat khéi vao nim 1859 14 nim mét ngwoi My tén Drake 44 dao duce mét gitng dau lira six 23 thurée qimét noi goi Boil creck gin Titusville, ti@x bang Pennsylvania (Hoa-ky) (1). Voi dau y durge, ngwdi ta chi luge va gift Igi phan cé the ding “@ét dén, bd di tit cd phan cdn lai. Neon één dau véi cditén binh dan a «den Hoa-kp > diryc phat mind tir dd va 44 cO mét thi diryc mang bigu khong tai mot sé nuée Vien. dong dé khich 1¢ vi¢c tiéu thy dau lira. Mai dén 20 nim sau, moi cé xe hoi bat diu tigu thy xang duge loc ti diu thé, san-lwong cing nh mire tiéu-thu ngay cing gia tang cho Gén ngay nay. Giai-dogn d44u cia kj-nghé dau like Guoe 43t dwéi sy 4p dao cha ohém qu-oin Hoa-ky John D. Rockefeller qua hé-théng Standard Oil Company. Nhung duvng 16i kinh-doanh: ctig nhém nay ché trong heéng loi nhitu hon trong dich-vy loc dau va chuyén ché dau, phd mac cong tac thim do, dao tim dau cho cic nhém tién phong mgojhiém kh4c. LY do dé-bitu: ngudn igi tire tiép do cdc mé du cé tank sach bat trac hon. Thire té cing 43 chirng minh, ca trong giai-doan gin day, mac dau k¥-thuat 44 tién vot so voi budi dau, cong cugc thim dd Gja-chét, khoan gigng tim dau, van con rit tn kém va khéng chic nh3m tii dau kha thic throng mai, tire leu lngng 6 khd ning ba dfp sin phi va mOt mire Idi ti thiéu. Tit nim 1944 4én 1948, Creole Corporation ching han 43 bd ta 22 trigu MY kim 48 khoan tim dau taj Guarica, Venezuela, xay cit sin mop than phd v6i day di tiga ogbi tro liéu cho cong nhan cu tri, nkung két qua ching c6 mét giot dau nio cf (2). 2 Nhite t} MY-kim di duoc cdc Cong-ty dau xudt ra tai Phi chau, Chau Mf la-tinh v.v.,, va dg bigt, trong d@-nhi thé-chién, mot Céng-ty Hoa-ky da can dim bé ra hon 2 trigu My kim 42 dao nhi8u giéng sin ogay trén dat Anh, nhwag roi ching thiu hoach dire gi hét. Trong 30 nim triréc 1947, 2.000 siéng diu 44 diye dao tai ving tay Gia-nd-dai, chi c6 2 giéng ¢6 diu kha thie thong mai va trong mot sy tinh c&, mot tui dau quan trong 43 Gugc tim ra chi khoang 2 cay sé cach mot giéng khé @4 dugc dio “(l) Henri Weiss, Le pétrole, Paris ; Editions du Seuil, 1960, tr. 8, (2) Leonard M. Fanning. Forcign oil ané the Free World. New York + Mo: Graw-Hill, 1954, tr. 16,16 / THE LYc DAU LITA trirée 46 Khong 1au'(x), Ngoai ra, khi dau diye tim ra roi, edn cin mt thoi gian kh4 liu a2 chuan bj, nhw trréng bop & Co- lombia (Nam-My) khéi sy dau tr tit 1915, mai dén 1926, Hang Inter- national Petroleum mi bat dau sin xuat duge dau. Nim igor, nhitu edi dau quan trong duge tim ta tai Titu-bang Texas & mitn Nam Hoa-ky, 43 dura dén vig thinh lap 2 Céng-ty Gulf Oil va Texaco; Céng-ty sau nay, vé sau, 44 banh trudng doanh nghi¢p sang Au chau, Phi cha va Uc chau. Lite 46, tal Au chau, mét Céng- ty Anh 1a Shell Transport and Tra- ding Company, nguyén chuyén nganb buén bin vé 8d, cing vira bat dau phat trién cong ‘tic chuyén ch dau vio nim: 1892, 44 déng chiéc tay ché dau dia tién, sau 46, cb mua nhiéu dau cia, Hoa-ky tai Texas. Nim 1907, Shell Transport ant Trading Company hyp tac voi Cong- ty thirong-mai Hoa-lan, 1@p thanh Royal Dutch Shell canh tran xm nhp vio thi-trrong cia cdc Céng- ty Hoa-ky. ‘Si canh tranh k8 trén da thiic day cdc nhém tu-bin Hoa-ky lan x4 vao céng cudc tim diu & quéc ngoai dé nim ving co-3 san-xuit dau thé- giéi, thay vi chi ché trong hedng Igi trong dich vy chuyén ché va loc dau. ‘ Ky nghé dau, trong nbikng ditu- kign hogt-dong kt trén, ddi hdl mgt $8 tr-ban ln lao, mét cd han hay mot Cong-ty don doc khé ma dai tho “BACH KHOA va chju ding ndi. Nhung trén thye té, kY-nghé khai thac dau lira da bat @au bing ohirng cugc mao hiém ca nhan, sia sing chip nhan bat trac. may rii. Trong k¥ nghé das, ngtrdi ta, thing nb’c dén sw-nghiép cia Edward L. Doheny, mét nha kinh- daoh Hoa-ky, nguyén di thau hoach duge nhigu titn c#a trong hoat dong san-xuit diu tai Titu-bang California, Trwéng-hyp cia Doheny tugng trong mét gong kién shin, vuot nhitng khé kho vat chat To tink thin, tao dung nén mét' co so san xudat diu vi dai, nhung sau cing phat sup dd vi khéng th? dung hop vot Quyén Ipi quéc gia cé chit quyén tren md dau khai thc. Nim 1900, Doheny 43 cing mot 6 ngwoi hin vén khdi céng tim dau tal Mexico. Gin 10 nim, bao. nbiéu v6n liéng bd ra, ching tim duge dau, nén khéng cdn ai d4m bg ti@n ra thém nita, Riéng Doheny vin kién tri tiép tuc cong cud¢ thim do, vi tia chic 12 Mexico cé diu. Vol si hop t4c cha mot ban thins Doheny da bé tiga ra mua mét sé dat nam gitta rirng gid va khdi cong dao giéng tlm dau. Doheny vA agwéi bgn da lang. thang trén dung phé New York, tim cdc nha ngin-hang tai-tr¢ cho. céng cugc tim diu cita minh. Cac chi ngaa-hang khéng mu6n phita liu, 44 budc Doheny teeng bing o& “G@) Leonard M: Fanning. op. cit., te. 184 va C.W. Haerison oilmen and what they da. New Yorks Franklin Watts, Inc., 1965, tr, 63-86,s cu thé. Theo thinh ciu cia Doheny, mOt nha dia-chatehoc da durgc phaj dé quan sit tai ché, nheng khi tro vé, thi lai piiic-trinh 1a Doheny qua _ ohigu tudng tuong, khong tht cd dau dugc 1 Nhwng ciing chia bd cuge, Doheny di c6 ndi ni cic chit ngan-hang dich thin tei nei quan S4t. Sau dé, cic chit ngan-hang 4a chju tai tre cho Doheny tiép tuc cong trink dao giéng thm dau. ‘Va qua that, Doheny 43 tim dirdc diu tai Mexico, chirng-minh nha dia- ch’t-hoc 44 sai lim trong nb§n dinh, Chinh Dolieny 44 tim ra Idi thodt cho Céng-ty hda-xa, ding diu thay than vi Mexico khéng cé than ; viéc thay thé than bing dau, sau 46, duoc Céng-ty Santa Fe la hé-théng Hoa-xa chay xuyn Hoa-ky; dp dung luda. frong ky nghe diu, thit bai cha ngudi di truéc 1a bai hoc cho ngudi 4i sau. Dobeny'44 cho 4p hé-théag dan dau tir gitng diu dén hii cing cich 46 khodng 100 c’y 96, triréc ei &hi that se cb dau xudt hién, bOi Ie, terse 46, mot ngwdi Anh 43 phai tiéu tan sy nghitp, yj khi dau phun lén tir long at thi khong c6 sia bbn chita va Sng din dau cing phwong titn chuyén ché, khién diu lan ra ci mét ving rong lon, lita bat chay ci khu siyng trong 40 ngiy ding ding, giéng dau syp xudng thanh mgt 16 sau, thidu ryi-ca trim trigu thing div cha toan tai dau tim duge, Céng trinh cha Dobeny da ait eo s& cho mot sd Cong-ty Hoa-k) khat thic diu va sin Izgng dau Mexico DOHAMIDE /'1?- sau d6 43 din diu sin long thé, gidi mor thei, treréc khi nhirdng Igy cho Venezuela sau thé chiéa mé1 Chiytn sang Trung Dong, . Vao khoing thdi gian Doheny bwéc chin én Mexico, thi bén kig trdl Trung Dong, mét ngwdi Anh tén William Knox d’Arcy aguyén di t90 dyng dirge mét sin nghiép khdng 18 nh mé vang tai Uc, ciing via bat tay dan than vao hoat dong khaj th4c dau lita, Nbwng trong khi Do- heay thong lgng mua 44t cia tr nban, thi William Knox D’Arcy, tril ai, chi tryc tiép véi nba chm quytn xin cp djc nhiryng 06 thdi han. Nim x90r, William Knox d’Arcy dirge Quéc-vuong Ba-Tw clip mét dge-nhiyng 6 gid tr} 60 nim tren mot ving at rong khoing nira triga djm Anb, hoang vu, d8i ni troc, ning chdy da, khong cS mét duong giao théng no ci. Ba nim sau, William Knox d’Arcy Igi xin degc cia Thd-nbi-ky moe dic-nhwyng tai Mesopotamia; aay 14, Iraq, lic 46 thuge dé-quéc’ Thd, Mic dau gidu c6, san ngbitp ct, William Knox-d'Arcy khong di sie tai try chi phi cong tac tim diu, nén vé sau, phai hop tic voi Burmah Oil Company, dén nim 1908, méi tim dirge dau khi thic thuong mai, thigt 1p nén « Anglo-Persian Oj Company » nim. 1909 (Céng ty nay v8 sau, dirore abi thanh Anglo-lranian Oil Company vic nim. 1935), ‘Tai Iraq, William. Knox d’Arcy- ip sy canh-trarh cia Shell va.nhém,18 / THE LUC DAU LUA te ban Dic thudc Deutsche Bank dang nghién cétu thitt igp dudng x¢ lita Bagdad. De dé dang kinh-doanh, William Knox d’Arcy 4a van dong va thiét lip vao ndm rgr2, Turkish Petroleum Company v6i cdc phia “hin rita Anglo Persian Oil Company, Shell va Deutsche Bank. Vao thing 5. nim 1917; theo lich ciia Wioston Churchill, Hai-quan Hoang-gia Anh duge bién cdi, ding diu cin thay than d4, 44 gidn tiép hé tre manh mé tr ban Anh trong doanh-nghiép khai thic diu lira Trung-Déng. Chanh-pha Anb da uit von au tu vio Anglo Persian Oil Company, kiém sot 56% 8 phan cla Céng-ty nay. » Trong Gé-nhit thé-chién, Thd 1a ASag-minh cha Dire nén vig tiép té cdc co sé khai thie dau thudc anh~ huéng cia Anb bj giin-dogn mot thoi, Sau thé-chién, nhém ty-bin Dic thube Deutsche Bank bi loat ra khdi hoat @6ng khai théc dau Ira tai Trung-Dong; Iraq thugc quyén bio try. cia Anh va Syria thugc quyén cia Phap. Phe ddng-minh thing trong dé- nhét thé-chién mét phn 1 nho dia ‘eta Mexico, nén day lita tré thank mot nguyén-ligu chién luge quan trong, thiic day sy cit két gitra tu, b3n Anh va Php tai Trung-Dong. ‘Vao thang 4 nim 1920, Anh va Phip ky Thda-uée San Remo quy djnh 46¢ quytn kbai thic dau lira, theo 45, phan cia Deutsche Bank trong BACH KHOA Turkish Petroleum Company dagc giac cho Phép va vao nim 1924, dirge chénh thc chuyén cho Compagnie Frangaise des Pétroles, Trong kbi 46, mOt.v3i nhém tr-bin Hoa-ky cing Gang bj tha hee v20 moi lot dau lta Trung-Dong. Chiéu theo Théa-wéc San Reso va dya yao quyén. bao tro d6i voi Iraq, ngudi, Anh dé tim cach ngin chan khéng cho ngwtoi Hoa-ky thugc Standard Oil of New Jersey, Socony va Mobil Oil vao Iraq thim dd dia-chst tim dau. Vige ngin chan nly 43 gay © teanh lun séi ndi gitta BO Ngogi-giao Hoa-ky va Bé Negogi-giao Anh, ben nao cing bits 16 Mp trrdng cing rin. d8 bio vé quyéa Igi tu-bin cia quéc-gia minh. Truée thé ket 46, Chi-tich Stan- dard Oil Company bén thong lwong tre tiép voi Chi-tich cta Anglo Persian Oil Company, awa dén 16i thoat 14 mai dén 1928, ngudl Hoa-ky méi diye chap chin cho va0 Iraq gép phan vdo cong cugc tim dau. Nam 1931, Turkish Petroleum Com. pany tre thanh Iraq Petroleam Com- pany, ph3n bin durye phaa chia cho cdc Céng-ty : Anglo Rersian Oil Com- pany, Royal Dutch Shell, Compagnie francaise des Pétroles, Standard Oil of New Jersey, Mobil Oil va dic bit, cé mot c& nhan newdi Armenia tin Gulbenkian 12 mOt nha dia-chit _ nguyén 64 cé céng trong viéc mai- gidi thiét lap Cong-ty nay. "Sau khi dirge vao host déng trong Tinh thd, cic Céng-ty Hoa-ky}, ciing nhu- cic Céng ty Anh, Phap lign hé, 4+ ; phai tén trong derdng rank @6 do Théa-wéc San Remo quy djoh, cam kt hyp tic chat ché véi nhaa nung Khong ra ngodi ranh gidi lanh dja 4é-quéc Thd-nhi-ky ci bao gsm ThB- nhi-ky, Iraq, Syria va toan bin dio A-Rap trir Ai-cap, Kuwait va céc dia ditm 43 durgyc chuyén nhugng trong ving bién-giéi TH3-Ba Tu. Nam 1930, m$t Dai Céng-ty Hoa- ky khéng bi rang budc boi drong rank a3 k@ trén 18 Standard Oil of California 44 dugc cip mét dic nhigog trén d30 Bahrain, trong vinh Ba Tu, tit 46, c6 thé ohin thay lank dia A-Rip Saudi. Dén nim 1932, Swandord Oil of California tim diye din kha thac thong magi va ap néa Behrain Petroleum Company. st Dai Céng-ty dau Hoa-ky khae 1a Gulf Oil 44 mon men vao Kuwait, chuda bi hyp tic véi ngedi A-Rip Kuwait thi bj agwrdi Anh cin trd, vi Kuwait thude quyén bao-h? etia Anh, Do 46, Gulf Oil phai xoay qua throng lugng hyp tac voi Anglo- Iranian Oil Company \ap nén Kuwait - Petroleuta Company, sau 46, dm dergc tdi diu quan trong, nbing ky nghe dau chi dire phat teiéa manh mé tai Gay ti sau dé-nhj thé-chién, Nim 1933, do si giéi thiéu cta m6t k¥-sw him md Mj lic 46 giép vide cho Quéc-virong Abdul Aziz ibn Saud, Standard Oil of California duoc c&p mot dic nhiyng véi thoi han 60 nim, sau 46 dugc gia han dén 66 nim, tai A-Rap Saudi. Standard Oil of Galifornia it bj canh + tranh, vi dc nhugng diye cip trong DOHAMIDE / 19, giai doan khé khin cia nén kinh té thé gigi va nhittla truée 46, mot ohém neuwdi Anh thudc Eastern and General Syndicate ciing 44 durge dgc. nhwgng, nhirng 44 bd cudc vi khong tim dirge dau kha thao throng mai, Iai thiéu tai chanh tiép tuc cong cudc thim dd dia-chat. Riéng cic Dai Céng-ty Anh Phap thudc Irag Pe'ro~ leam Company thi Igi bj ranh budc boi dwing ranh d6, néo chi dy thiu cho toin nhém, nhing lai ngbi ky, 46i nghich nhau, dung ¢ chinh khong phai d@ c6é thém dau khai thic my chinh 18 chi d2 kém him ohau ma thdl, nén khéng th@ bd gid cao dB canh trank dirgc, Mit khac, loi digm ctia Standard Oil of California lic 46 1a Quée- vuwong A-Rap Saudi cing dang nghy ky ngudi Anh, cho rang nguoi. My & xa, giao tiép cé le dé thé hon. Qua giai-doan do tim cam go, duyc. khich 1@ do viéc dau di dugc tim ra tai Kuwait ké cin, Standard Oil of California méi nhan ra c4i may bat ngé la tdi dau A-Rap Saudi a ngoda du tré dau lita quan trong abit thé- gisi, 3 Standard Oit of California sau 46 43 giao lai quyén khai thae cho California Arabian Standard Oj Company. Dén nim 1936, Texaco Inc. tha dic dirgc phan nita quyén Io; Céng ty va nm 1944, danh hiéu, die dBi Iai 18 Arabian American. Oil Company viét tit 12 ARAMCO, nim git quyéo loi te ban Hoa-ky, Ign lao nbat tai Trung Dong,:20,/ THE Lc DAU-LUA Standard Oil of New Jersey va So- ‘cony- Vacuum cé thi trong, can them dau, nhung lai khOng the vegt lan tanh 46, tham dig lé loi vao hogt dong gan xudt dau tai A-Rap Saudi, D8 c6 16i thodt, 2 Céng-ty nay, vao nim 1946, @4 chanh thitc thong bio cho r6c phe lién h@ 6 1a Théa-hiép ve ln ranh d6 da bj coi ahi hey bé tir nam 1942 a nim ma hai thanh ’ vién Compagnie frantaise des Pétroles va Gulbenkian dirng vé phe nghich, sau khi Dire-chiém ding Phip. Do dé cdc, phe li@n-he khong cdn bj rang bude di Idn ranh dé nita. Nim 1947, Compagnie Frangaise des Pétroles 43 vio don khdi-t6 cdc phe lién-hé phi nhan ln ranh dd, tai Tda-4n Anh-quéc, xin tuyén b6 Thoa-hi¢p van cdn higu Iyc, nhing bj xi thua. Vao nim 1948, cdc phe ‘ien-hé thong luong ky Thda-woc mi chanh thir hity bd. 4itu khoan vé lin rank 6. Standard Oil of California, Texas, Jersey, Socony ph6i hep lai, hin nhau, gan 250 tris My-kim thiét lap Topline 4%t Sng dan dau xuyén qua cdc argc A-Rap chay dai gin 2.000 cay 86 tir cdc giéng diu A-Rap Saudi én gan be bia Dia-Trung-Hai a& gae tau bign ché mang di khap noj vén thé-gidi. Véi sy lon manh nshanh chéng tia ARAMCO tai A-Rap Saudi, tap @oan ur ban Hoa-ky lan hoi 4a tao frye mot thé dieng 4p dio, cé thuynh hudng 1am. lu mo vj thé cha wr bin Anh tgp trang trong Anglo Aranign Oil Company voi co s& ving wang va nha may loc dau 1én obit BACH KHOA thé gidi Abadan, cOng thém phan nira Phin bin trong Kawait Oil Company va Iraq Petroleam Company. Iraq Pe- | troleam Company, khi méi thiét lap, duge.xem 1A c6 igi thé chiém hitu tat c& co sé san-xuat dau ngoai Ba- Tu, trong lanh dia Dé-quéc Thd ci, nhwng trén thyc té, qua cic giai- dogn ngim canh tranh, Céng-ty nay. chi dat myc-tiéu & xt Qutar nhé be ma théi, Quyén lel te-ban Abb lei bj sit’ mé thém nifa khi vio nim ro5r, Thi-twéng Ba-Tir Mossadegh quyét dinh quéc-hiru-héa Anglo Iranian Oi Company va budc Cong-ty nay déng cia tét cA co sd, sin xudt va nha may loc diu Abadan. ‘Vi Abadan 1a ngudn tip ligu dau cho phi co Ding-miah tai Au-chau, e Lign-x6 xen vao sé rat bat loi, nén Hoa-ky da can thiép : Chdnh pha Mossadegh bj lat 43, Quéc-virong Ba. Tw tro lai ngdi bau, nhung déng thdi, ngwoi My ciing xen vio chia phin trong co céu sin xudt dau lira Ba-Tu dwge t8 chirc lai thank mo, consortium. Trong consortium nay, Anglo Iranian Oil Company dec bién than British Petroleam Company cing vii ‘céc Céng-ty*léa Hoa-ky Standard Oil of California, Socony, Céng ty Phap Compagnie Frangaise des Pétroles,.. g6p _v6n khai thc, cdn phan tich san nhy md dau, cdc co sé san xuat thi duge 4% thudc mgt Cong-ty quéc gia Na- tional Iranian ‘Oil Company 1am chi, CB phan cha ngwdi Anb qua British Petroleum Company trong consortium “ke wén tuy vin con chiém 40%, fhung voi sy ‘bign dign cia céc