115 Lab EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET Name: ___________________

1. Write the law of mass action for the following reactions:

a.) 2 N2O5(g)  4 NO2(g) + O2(g)

b.) Cd 2+(aq) + 4 CN-(aq)  Cd(CN)42- (aq)

c) H2(g) + I2(g)  2 HI(g)

d) 3 H2(g) + N2(g)  2 NH3(g)

2. The equilibrium concentrations from two experiments of reactions (c) and (d) above are tabulated below. Calculate
the Kc in the last two columns in each table.

Experiment for [ H2(g) ]eq [ I2 (g) ]eq [ HI (g) ]eq Kc

REACTION (c)
1 0.0018 0.0031 0.0177
2 0.0011 0.0011 0.0084

Experiment for [ H2 (g) ]eq [ N2 (g) ]eq [ NH3 (g) ]eq Kc

REACTION (d)
1 0.500 1.00 0.0866
2 1.35 1.15 0.412

3. Consider the generic reversible reaction: a A + b B  d D + e E

a. What does it mean if Q < Kc? (Circle your answer.)

i. Some of the reactants must react and become products until Q = Kc.

ii. Some of the products must react and become reactants until Q = Kc.

b. What does it mean if Q > Kc? (Circle your answer.)

i. Some of the reactants must react and become products until Q = Kc.

ii. Some of the products must react and become reactants until Q = Kc.

4. Consider an aqueous solution containing oxalic acid ([H2C2O4] = 0.38 M), fluoride ions ([F - ] = 4.13 M), hydrofluoric
acid ([HF] = 1.75 M ) and oxalate ions ([C2O42-] = 0.14 M):

H2C2O4(aq) + 2 F- (aq)  2 HF(aq) + C2O4 2-(aq) with Kc = 2.1

Determine whether this system is… a.) at equilibrium, or b.) if the net forward reaction is proceeding, or c.) if the net
reverse reaction is proceeding. Circle the correct response and Justify your conclusion with the appropriate calculation.

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5. Balance each reaction and write its reaction quotient, Qc.

a. N2O5 (s)  NO2 (g) + O2 (g) Qc =

b. SnO2(s) + H2 (g)  Sn (s) + H2O(g) Qc =

c. Al (s) + NaOH (aq) + H2O (l)  Na[Al(OH)4](aq) + H2(g) Qc =

6. Calculate n ______and Kc ________for the decomposition of phosgene at 395 0C.

COCl2(g)  CO(g) + Cl2(g) Kp = 0.0451 at 395 0C.

7. What is the value of n ______and Kp ________ for the formation of hydrogen iodide from its elements at 425.4 0C?

H2(g) + I2(g)  2 HI(g) Kc = 54.5 at 425.4 0C.

8. a) Given the following generic reversible reaction: a A + b B  d D + e E with equilibrium constant= K

Suppose all of the stoichiometric coefficients are multiplied by a constant x:

ax A + bx B  dx D + ex E with equilibrium constant= K’ = ____ ( How is K’ related to K?)

b) 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g)  2 SO3 (g) ; Kp = 0.0012 at 1500 Kelvin

SO2 (g) + ½ O2 (g)  SO3 (g) ; Kp = ________ at 1500 Kelvin

SO3 (g)  SO2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) ; Kp = ________ at 1500 Kelvin

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c) using one of the above equilibrium constants, calculate the partial pressure of SO2 (g) in atm. if the equilibrium partial
pressures are as follows : PSO3 = 0.013atm and PO2 = 0.788 atm. PSO2 = _____________

9. If Kp for the reaction NH3(g)  3/2 H2(g) + ½ N2(g) is 111 at 427 0C , what is the Kp for

3 H2(g) + N2(g)  2 NH3(g); Kp = ________

10. At 25 0C, 0.200 mol of dinitrogen monoxide and 0.560 mol of oxygen gas were placed in a 10.0-L reaction vessel and
allowed to react: 2 N2O(g) + 3 O2(g)  4 NO2(g)

When the system reached equilibrium at 25 0C, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide was found to be 0.0200 M. What is
the value of Kc for the oxidation of dinitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide at 250C? _____________

Setup ICE chart and show your work step by step:

11. 0.0487 mol of NOCl(g was injected into an otherwise empty 1.00-L reaction vessel at 500. K. It decomposed into
nitrogen monoxide and chlorine: 2 NOCl(g)  2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)

When the system reached equilibrium at 500. K, the total pressure within the reaction vessel was found to be 2.63 atm.
What is Kp for the above reaction at 500. K? _________ Setup ICE chart and show your work step by step:

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12. In the following reaction COCl2(g)  CO(g) + Cl2(g) with Kp = 6.7 x 10-9 at 100. 0C, if a reaction vessel is initially
filled with only COCl2(g) at 2.3 atm and 100. 0C, what will be the equilibrium partial pressures of all three gases?

13. If 2.00 moles of hydrogen and iodine are allowed to react in a 10.0 L vessel according to the following reaction with
Kc = 64.0 at a certain temperature, H2(g) + I2(g)  2 HI(g) , what will be the equilibrium composition?

14. Pure phosphorous pentachloride is injected into an otherwise empty reaction vessel so that it has an initial pressure
of 1.64 atm at 500. K. If the system remains at 500. K, what are the equilibrium partial pressures of the three gases?

PCl5(g)  PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) Kp = 0.49 at 500. K

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15. Suppose the initial concentrations of H2S, H2, and S2 are 1.00 M, 0 M, and 0 M, respectively:

2 H2S(g)  2 H2(g) + S2(g) with Kc = 1.00 x 10-6 What would be the equilibrium composition at the
temperature for which the above Kc is valid?

16. Consider the synthesis of ammonia from its elements 3 H2(g) + N2(g)  2 NH3(g); (eqn 1). Let us say that the
system is at equilibrium having concentrations of [H2]eq, [N2]eq, and [NH3]eq at certain values.

a) If suddenly additional nitrogen is injected to the system, how will the new concentration of N2 (i.e., [N2]new) compare
to previous equilibrium concentration of N2 (i.e., [N2]old,eq)?

[N2]new ____ [N2]old,eq (Place a <, =, or > sign in the blank.)

b) How will the reaction quotient compare to KC? Q _____ KC (Place a <, =, or > sign)

c) After the additional nitrogen has been injected to the system, the amount of each gas will change until Q = Kc. Which
of the following will be observed? (Circle your answer.)

i. [N2] will decrease to the amount it was before when the system was at equilibrium; [H2] will decrease and
[NH3] will increase stoichiometrically.

ii. [N2] will decrease, but not back to the amount it was before when the system was at equilibrium; [H2] will
decrease and [NH3] will increase stoichiometrically.

iii. Since [N2] was increased, by stoichiometry [H2] must also be increased three times as much; [NH3]
decreases twice as much as [N2] was increased.

17. Stated generally, Le Châtelier’s Principle says that when a species is removed from a system at equilibrium, the
system shifts: (Circle your answer.)

i. to the side with that removed species.

ii. away from the side with that removed species

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18. Suppose there is a chemical reaction involving gaseous reactants and products in a reaction vessel of variable volume
(e.g., a cylinder with a piston that can move in and out). If the volume is increased at constant temperature, the stress
that the gas mixture encounters is:

i. the pressure decreases. ii. the pressure increases

19. To overcome this stress, Le Châtelier’s Principle says that the reaction will shift in order to

i. decrease the number of moles of gas. ii. increase the number of moles of gas.

20. Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. W(s) + 6 HCl(g)  WCl6(g) + 3 H2(g) with H0 = 60 kJ

For each of the following changes, write in each blank box whether the amount of the corresponding species will
“decrease”, “increase”, or remain “unchanged” compared to the ‘stressed state’

Stress HCl WCl6 H2

a. Additional W is added to
the reaction vessel (Assume
the addition of the tungsten does
not change the total pressure
within the reaction vessel.)
b. Most of WCl6 is liquefied
and withdrawn from the
mixture.
c. The volume of the
reaction vessel decreases at
constant temperature.
d. The temperature of the
reaction mixture is
decreased.

21. Determine the direction of the shift in equilibrium when these external changes are made to the EXOTHERMIC
equilibrium: (please write “ Right or Left or Remains unchanged” in the blanks)

4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g)  4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g)

a) If the system is heated, the equilibrium will shift to the: ________________________________.

b) A decrease in pressure due to increasing the volume of the system at equilibrium will cause the equilibrium will shift
to the: ________________________________.

c) An increase in pressure due to pumping air into the system at equilibrium will cause the equilibrium will shift to the

________________________________.

d) An increase in pressure due to pumping helium gas into the system at equilibrium will cause the equilibrium will shift
to the: ________________________________.

e) Removal of water vapor from the system at equilibrium will cause the equilibrium will shift to the:
________________________________.

f) Addition of hydrogen chloride gas, HCl(g), to the system at equilibrium will cause the equilibrium will shift to the:
________________________________.

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