The Great Game of Tennis

The Great Game of Tennis
The History
PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information.
PDF generated at: Wed, 05 Jan 2011 14:36:44 UTC
Contents
Articles
History of tennis 1
Real tennis 10
The Championships, Wimbledon 16
US Open (tennis) 34
French Open 46
Australian Open 54
References
Article Sources and Contributors 63
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 65
Article Licenses
License 68
History of tennis 1
History of tennis
Royal origins
In The Second Shepherd's Play [1] Scene VIII Sir Gawain, a knight of
King Arthur's round table, plays tennis with a group of giants in The
Turke and Gowin.[2]
Real tennis
The Medieval form of tennis is termed as real tennis. Real tennis
evolved over three centuries from an earlier ball game played around
the 12th century in France. This had some similarities to palla, fives,
pelota, and handball, involving hitting a ball with a bare hand and later
with a glove. One theory is that this game was played by monks in
monastery cloisters, based on the construction and appearance of early
courts, some of which were grass fields. By the 16th century, the glove
had become a racquet, the game had moved to an enclosed playing
Jeu de paume in Paris, France
area, and the rules had stabilized. Real tennis spread in popularity
throughout royalty in Europe, reaching its peak in the 16th century.
Francis I of France (1515–47) was an enthusiastic player and promoter of real tennis, building courts and
encouraging play among the courtiers and commoners. His successor Henri II (1547–59) was also an excellent
player and continued the royal French tradition. In 1555 an Italian priest, Antonio Scaino da Salothe, wrote the first
known book about tennis, Trattato del Giuoco della Palla. Two French kings died from tennis related
episodes—Louis X of a severe chill after playing and Charles VIII after hitting his head during a game.[3] King
Charles IX granted a constitution to the Corporation of Tennis Professionals in 1571, creating the first pro tennis
'tour', establishing three professional levels: apprentice, associate, and master. a professional named Forbet wrote and
published the first codification of the rules in 1599.[4] The current court size of 120 X 60 was derived from French
nobles wanting a size that was too big for the general population to be able to fit at their residences.
Royal interest in England began with Henry V (1413–22.) Henry VIII (1509–47) made the biggest impact as a
young monarch, playing the game with gusto at Hampton Court on a court he built in 1530. It is believed that his
second wife Anne Boleyn was watching a game when she was arrested and that Henry was playing when news of her
execution arrived. During the reign of James I (1603–25), London had 14 courts.[5]
History of tennis 2
Real tennis is created in literature by William Shakespeare who

mentions "tennis balles" in Henry V, when a basket of them is given to
King Henry as a mockery of his youth and playfulness.[6] One of the
most striking early references appears in a painting by Giambattista
Tiepolo entitled The Death of Hyacinth (1752–1753) in which a strung
racquet and three tennis balls are depicted. The painting's theme is the
mythological story of Apollo and Hyacinth, written by Ovid. Giovanni
Andrea dell'Anguillara translated it into Italian in 1561 and replaced
the ancient game of discus, in the original text with pallacorda or
tennis, which had achieved a high status at the courts in the middle of
the 16th century. Tiepolo's painting, displayed at the Museo Thyssen
Bornemisza in Madrid, was ordered in 1752 by German count Wilhelm
Friedrich Schaumburg Lippe, who was an avid tennis player.
Real tennis racquets and balls. Cahusac at the
Falkland Palace Royal Tennis Club.
The game thrived among the 17th century nobility in France, Spain,
Italy, and in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but suffered under English
Puritanism. By the Age of Napoleon, the royal families of Europe were besieged and real tennis was largely
abandoned.[7] Real tennis played a minor role in the history of the French Revolution, through the Tennis Court
Oath, a pledge signed by French deputies on a real tennis court, which formed a decisive early step in starting the
revolution. In England, during the 18th century and early 19th century as real tennis died out, three other racquet
sports emerged: racquets, squash racquets, and lawn tennis (the modern game).
Birth of lawn tennis

The modern sport is tied to two separate inventions.
Between 1859 and 1865, in Birmingham, England, Major Harry Gem, a solicitor,
and his friend Augurio Perera, a Spanish merchant, combined elements of the
game of rackets and the Spanish ball game Pelota and played it on a croquet lawn
in Edgbaston.[8] [9] In 1872, both men moved to Leamington Spa and in 1874,
with two doctors from the Warneford Hospital, founded the world's first tennis
club.[10]
In December 1873, Major Walter Clopton Wingfield devised a similar game for
the amusement of his guests at a garden party on his estate of Nantclwyd in
Llanelidan, Wales.[11] He based the game on the older real tennis. At the
suggestion of Arthur Balfour, Wingfield named it "lawn tennis,"[12] and patented
the game [13] in 1874 with an eight-page rule book titled "Sphairistike or Lawn Augurio Perera's house in Edgbaston,
Birmingham, where he and Harry
Ten-nis",[14] but he failed to succeed in enforcing his patent.[15]
Gem first played the modern game of
lawn tennis
History of tennis 3
Terminology
Wingfield borrowed both the name and much of the French vocabulary
of real tennis:
• Tennis comes from the French tenez, the imperative form of the
verb tenir, to hold: This was a cry used by the player serving in
royal tennis, meaning "I am about to serve!" (rather like the cry
"Fore!" in golf).[16]
1896 Olympic tennis tournament match between • Racquet comes from raquette, which derives from the Arabic
Boland and Kasdaglis.
rakhat, meaning the palm of the hand.[17]
• Deuce comes from à deux le jeu, meaning "to both is the game"
(that is, the two players have equal scores).[18]
• Love is widely believed to come from "l'oeuf", the French word for "egg", representing the shape of a zero.[19] [20]
• The convention of numbering scores "15", "30" and "40" comes from quinze, trente and quarante, which to
French ears makes a euphonious sequence, or from the quarters of a clock (15, 30, 45) with 45 simplified to
40.[18]
Tournaments and tours
Grand Slams
Tennis was first played in the U.S. at the home of Mary Ewing Outerbridge on Staten Island, New York in 1874.[21]
In 1881, the desire to play tennis competitively led to the establishment of tennis clubs, which led to the four Grand
Slams, which are regarded as the most prestigious events in tennis circuit. Wimbledon, the US Open, the French
Open, and the Australian Open became and have remained the most prestigious events in tennis.[22] [23] Together
these four events are called the Grand Slam (a term borrowed from bridge).[24]
1877: Wimbledon
Article Section: Wimbledon, The Beginning
The Championships, Wimbledon, were founded by the All England Club in 1877 to raise money for the club. The
first Championships were contested by 22 men and the winner received a silver guilt cup proclaiming the winner to
be "The All England Lawn Tennis Club Single Handed Champion of the World".[25] The following year it was
recognized as the official British Championships, although it was open to international competitors. In 1884 the
Ladies Singles and Gentlemans Doubles Championships were inaugurated, followed by the Ladies and Mixed
Doubles in 1913.[26]
Name Surface Venue change

1877: The Championships 1877: Grass 1877: Worple Road, Wimbledon
1922: Church road, Wimbledon
History of tennis 4
1881: U.S. Open

The U.S. National Men's Singles Championship, now the U.S. Open, was first held in 1881 at Newport, Rhode
Island.[27] The U.S. National Women's Singles Championships were first held in 1887.[28] On 21 May 1881, the
United States National Lawn Tennis Association (now the United States Tennis Association) was formed to
standardize the rules and organize competitions.[29]
Name change Surface change Venue change

1881: U.S. National Championship 1881: Grass 1881: Newport
1968: U.S. Open 1975: Clay Har-Tru 1915: Forest Hills
1978: Hard DecoTurf 1921: Philadelphia
1924: Forest Hills
1978: Flushing Meadows
1891: The French Open

Tennis was predominantly a sport of the English-speaking world, dominated by the United States and Britain.[30] It
was also popular in France, where the French Open dates to 1891 as the Championat de France International de
Tennis.[31]

1891: Championnat de France 1891: Grass 1891: Paris
1925: Championnats Internationaux de France 1912: Clay 1928: Stade Roland Garros, Paris
1928: Tournoi de Roland Garros 1925: Grass
1928: Clay
1905: Australian Open

The Australian Open was first played in 1905 as The Australasian Championships. Because of its geographic
remoteness, historically, the event did not gain attendance from the top tennis players. As late as the 1980s, the event
lacked participation from top ranked tennis professionals. Since its move to Melbourne Park in 1988, the Australian
Open has gained the popularity of the other three Grand Slams.

1905: Australasian 1905: Grass 1905: Melbourne
Championships 1988: Hard Rebound 1906 -: Christchurch and alternated in Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide, Brisbane and Perth.
1927: Australian Ace In 1912 at Hastings
Championships 2008: Hard 1972: Kooyong
1969: Australian Open Plexicushion 1988: Melbourne Park
The Davis Cup

In 1899, Dwight F. Davis of the Harvard University tennis team designed a tournament format with the idea of
challenging the British to a tennis showdown.[32] The first match, between the United States and Great Britain was
held in Boston, Massachusetts in 1900.[33] The American team, of which Dwight Davis was a part, surprised the
British by winning the first three matches. By 1905 the tournament had expanded to include Belgium, Austria,
France, and Australasia, a combined team from Australia and New Zealand that competed jointly until 1913.
The tournament was initially known as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge. It was renamed the Davis Cup
following the death of Dwight Davis in 1945. The tournament has vastly expanded and, on its 100th anniversary in
1999, 129 nations competed.
History of tennis 5
International Tennis Federation

1913 also saw twelve national tennis associations agree at a Paris conference to form the International Lawn Tennis
Federation, which was renamed in 1977 as the current International Tennis Federation (ITF).[34] The rules the
association promulgated in 1924 have remained remarkably stable in the ensuing eighty years, the one major change
being the addition of the tie-break system designed by James Van Alen.[35]
The Fed Cup

The idea of a Davis Cup-style tournament for national women's teams is surprisingly old—it was first proposed in
1919 by Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman. After she was turned down, she donated a trophy in 1923 that would be known
as the Wightman Cup, awarded in an annual match between the two strongest women's tennis nations of the time, the
United States and Great Britain.
Wightman's original idea for a worldwide women's team tournament would bear fruit more than 40 years later in
1962, when Nell Hopman persuaded the ITF to begin sponsoring such an event. The first Federation Cup was played
in 1963 as part of the ITF's 50th anniversary celebrations; it involved 16 countries and was played over one week. By
the 1990s, over 70 nations competed each year, and regional qualifiers were introduced in 1992. In 1995, the ITF
introduced a new Davis Cup-style format for the competition and rechristened it the Fed Cup.
Pro Tournaments
The main events of the professional circuit comprised head-to-head competition and by-invitation Pro
Championships, which were the predecents for the Grand Slam tournaments before the Open Era began in 1968.
The leading professional players were under contract with a professional promoter before the Open Era. For
example, popular players like Suzanne Lenglen and Vincent Richards toured North America under contract to
Charles C. Pyle. Contract players were controlled by their promoters and could not always play the tournaments they
wanted while amateur players followed national (and international) federations. For example, In 1939, Norman
Brookes, president of the Australian Federation, decided not to send Australian players to Wimbledon because he
wanted them to prepare for the Davis Cup. Therefore, great Aussie players as John Bromwich or Adrian Quist went
to the USA instead of Wimbledon. During the first hundred years of tennis the players had absolutely no control over
their destinies.
Pro tours
Most professionals played in separate professional events, mostly on tours in head-to-head competition referred as
pro tours.
In 1926, promoter C.C. Pyle established the first professional tour with a group of American and French players
playing exhibition matches to paying audiences.[23] [36] The most notable early professionals were American Vinnie
Richards and Frenchwoman Suzanne Lenglen.[23] [37] Once a player turned pro he or she could not compete in the
major (amateur) tournaments.[23] In the years before the open era, male professionals often played more frequently
on tours than in tournaments because head-to-head tours between two stars paid much better than tournaments and
the number of professional tournaments was small. For example, Fred Perry earned U.S. $91,000 ($1392088 in
current dollar terms) in a 1937 North American tour against Ellsworth Vines but won only U.S. $450 ($7014) for his
1938 victory at the U.S. Pro Tennis Championships. Vines probably never entered a tournament between (winning)
the London Indoor Professional Championship in October 1935, and (losing) the May 1939 edition. In 1937, Vines
played 70 matches on two tours and no tournament matches. Even in the 1950s, some professionals continued to
play tour matches. During his first five months as a professional (January through May 1957), Ken Rosewall played
76 matches on a tour against Pancho Gonzales but only 9 tournament matches. Joe McCauley determined that for
1952, only 7 professional tournaments were played by the top international players, and 2 other professional
tournaments (the British Pro and the German Pro) were reserved for domestic players. Only during the 1960s did
History of tennis 6
professional tournaments become more significant than tours.
Pro Championships
In addition to head-to-head events several annual professional tournaments were called championship tournaments.
The most prestigious was the Wembley Professional Championship at Wembley in England, played between 1934
and 1990, that was general considered the world championship through 1967. The oldest was the United States
Professional Championship, played between 1927 and 1999. Between 1955 and 1962, it was played indoors in
Cleveland and was called the World Professional Championships. The third major tournament was the French
Professional Championship, played between 1930 and 1968. The British and American championships continued
into the Open era but devolved to the status of minor tournaments.
These three tournaments until 1967 are referred to as the professional Grand Slam tournaments by tennis
historians such as Robert Geist and Raymond Lee.[38]
Open Era
The Open Era began in 1968, when the Grand Slam tournaments agreed to allow professional players to compete
with amateurs. Since the beginning of this era, professionals have been able to compete alongside amateurs in all
tournaments. This has allowed tennis players the opportunity to make a good living playing tennis. The first event to
go "open" was held on April 28, 1968 at The West Hants Club in Bournemouth, England,[39] while the first Grand
Slam tournament to do so was the 1968 French Open (Roland Garros)[40] starting May 27.
WCT & NTL

In 1967, a few professionals were independent including Lewis Hoad, Luis Ayala, and Owen Davidson but most of
the best players were under contract.
• George McCall operated the National Tennis League (NTL) and managed Rod Laver, Roy Emerson, Ken
Rosewall, Andres Gimeno, Pancho Gonzales and Fred Stolle
• Dave Dixon (succeeded by Lamar Hunt) ran World Championship Tennis (WCT) and managed the
• Handsome Eight: John Newcombe, Tony Roche, Nikola Pilić, Roger Taylor, Pierre Barthès, Earl "Butch"
Buchholz, Cliff Drysdale and Dennis Ralston
In 1968, WCT players were not allowed to participate in the French Open. In 1970, NTL players did not play the
Australian Open because their organization did not receive a guarantee. In 1970, neither WCT nor NTL players
played in the French Open.
Grand Prix
In the Open Era, the NTL and WCT promoters began to control the game. To outmaneuver them, Jack Kramer, the
1940s and 1950s best player (and a promoter), conceived the Grand Prix in 1969. He described it as:
a series of tournaments with a money bonus pool that would be split up on the basis of a cumulative
point system. This would encourage the best players to compete regularly in the series, so that they
could share in the bonus at the end and qualify for a special championship tournament that would climax
the year.
[41]
In 1970, only a few contract players showed up for the French Open. The International Lawn Tennis Federation
(ILTF), alarmed by the control of the promoters, approved Kramer's Grand Prix. Twenty seven tournaments
including the three Grand Slams, French Open, Wimbledon and US Open were played that year with Stockholm
tournament ended on 1 November. The independent professionals along with a few contract players entered the
Grand Prix circuit. The contract players could play the Grand Prix events if they were allowed and had time apart
History of tennis 7
from their own circuit.
Tour rivalries and the origin of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP)
The first WCT tournaments were held in February 1968 and the first NTL tournaments in March 1969. In spring
1970, the WCT absorbed the NTL.
At the end of 1970, a panel of journalists ranked the players, leading to the WCT to send inviting the 32 top men to
play the 1971 WCT circuit: among the 32, Ilie Năstase, Stan Smith, Jan Kodeš, Željko Franulović and Clark
Graebner stayed independent. In 1971, the WCT ran 20 tournaments and the year-ending WCT Finals. In 1971, the
majority of the best players mainly played the WCT circuit.
The Australian Open was a WCT competition whereas Roland Garros, Wimbledon and Forest Hills were ILTF
Grand Prix events. The conflict between the two groups was so strong that Rosewall, Gimeno, Laver, Emerson and
other WCT players didn't play the latter. Bill Riordan (future manager of Jimmy Connors) complicated matters with
a third professional tour, the U.S Indoor Circuit.
In 1972, the struggle between ILTF and WCT ended when ILTF banned the contract pro players from January to
July. WCT contract pros were restricted to play the Grand Prix circuit of Roland Garros and Wimbledon. At the U.S.
Open, all the players attended and agreed to form a player syndicate to protect themselves from the promoters and
associations. Thus was born the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in September 1972.
In 1973, there were four rival pro circuits: the WCT circuit, the Grand Prix circuit, the U.S. indoor circuit with
Connors and Ilie Năstase and the European Spring Circuit with Nastase as their star.
Integration
In 1978 the Grand Prix and WCT circuits merged. In 1982, the WCT circuit broke away (and created a more
complex WCT ranking, similar to the ATP ranking.) The WCT failed in the 1980s, leaving the Grand Prix circuit as
the main circuit. The Grand Prix's governance was led by the Men's International Professional Tennis Council
(MIPTC), later renamed to Men's Tennis Council (MTC).
The Open Era, the global professional circuit, and television helped tennis spread globally and shed its aristocratic,
anglosphere image. In America, courts are a common feature of public recreational facilities. Accordingly, in the
1970s the U.S. Open moved from the posh West Side Tennis Club to a public park (the USTA Billie Jean King
National Tennis Center, Flushing Meadows Park) that is accessible to anyone who buys a ticket.[42] About the same
time, the ruling body's name changed from the United States Lawn Tennis Association to the United States Tennis
Association.[43]
ATP
In 1990, the Association of Tennis Professionals, led by Hamilton Jordan, replaced the MTC as the governing body
of men's professional tennis, and the ATP Tour was born. The ATP Tour began in 1990, packaging the nine most
prestigious events as Super Nine , abandoning the 'Grand Prix' label. Twelve of the more prestigious Grand Prix
events later were labeled International Series Gold while the remaining (approximately 60) became known as the
International Series. The format continued from the 1998 season to the present, although slightly reorganized in
2009. The Super Nine became the Masters Series, occupying the rank below the Grand Slams. In 2000, the Grand
Slam tournaments and the Masters Series tournaments became the only mandatory professional events. Players were
automatically entered and Masters and Slam events became the baseline for player rankings.
In 2009, the Masters events were renamed the ATP World Tour Masters 1000. The Monte Carlo Masters, although
retaining its Masters status, uniquely dropped the mandatory commitment. International Series Gold became the
ATP World Tour 500, and the remaining events became the ATP World Tour 250. The numbers indicate the
winners' ranking points. The Davis Cup also began to award ATP ranking points.
History of tennis 8
Women's professional tennis

Women's professional tennis began in 1947 with a short-lived series of exhibition matches between Pauline Betz and
Sarah Palfrey Cooke, both U.S. National Champions. In 1950–51, Bobby Riggs signed Betz and Gussie Moran to
play a pro tour with Jack Kramer and Pancho Segura, (Betz dominated Moran.) Althea Gibson turned pro in 1958
and joined with Karol Fageros ("the Golden Goddess") as the opening act for the Harlem Globetrotters for one
season. There was virtually no further women's professional tennis until 1967 when promoter George McCall signed
Billie Jean King, Ann Jones, Françoise Durr, and Rosie Casals to join his tour of eight men for two years.[44] The pro
women then played as independents as the Open Era began.
In 1970, promoter for the Pacific Southwest Championships in Los Angelse Jack Kramer offered the women only
$7,500 in prize money versus the men's total of $50,000. When Kramer refused to match the men's prize money,
King and Casals urged a boycott. Gladys Heldman, American publisher of World Tennis magazine, responeded with
a separate women's tour under the sponsorship of Virginia Slims cigarettes. In 1971–72 the WT Women's Pro Tour
offered nearly ten times the prize money of other pro women's tennis events. The tour alienated the USLTA, which
initially would not sanction the tour. Giving Virginia Slims the individual events and the USLTA the tour resolved
the conflict. In 1973, the U.S. Open made history by offering equal prize money to men and women. Billie Jean
King, the most visible advocate for the women's cause, earned over $100,000 in 1971 and 1972.[45] In the famous
Battle of the Sexes exhibition match against crafty Bobby Riggs in September 1973, King brought even more media
attention to tennis, and to women professionals in all walks of life.
The Women's Tennis Association, formed in 1973, is the principal organizing body of women's professional tennis.
It organizes the WTA Tour, the worldwide professional tennis tour. Sponsors included Virginia Slims (1971–78),
Avon (1979–82), Virginia Slims again (1983–94), J.P. Morgan Chase (1996–2000), Sanex (2001) Home Depot
(2002), and Sony Ericsson (2006).
From 1984–98, the finals matches of the championship event were best-of-five, uniquely among women's
tournaments. In 1999, the finals reverted to best-of-three. The WTA Tour Championships are generally considered to
be the women's fifth most prestigious event (after the four Grand Slam tournaments.)
Hall of Fame
In 1954, James Van Alen founded the International Tennis Hall of Fame, a non-profit museum in Newport, Rhode
Island.[46] The building contains a large collection of memorabilia as well as honoring prominent players and others.
Each year, a grass-court tournament takes place on its grounds, as well as an induction ceremony honoring new
members.
References
[1] http:/ / www. drama21c. net/ text/ 2ndshepard. htm
[2] Hahn, Thomas(1995). Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales (http:/ / www. lib. rochester. edu/ camelot/ teams/ turkfrm. htm). Medieval
Institute Publications
[3] Richard Schickel, The World of Tennis, 1975, New York, The Ridge Press, ISBN 0-394-49940-9, p.32
[4] The Encyclopedia of Tennis, p. 17
[6] Shakespeare, William (Early 1600s). The Chronicle History of King Henry the Fifth. Act 1, Scene 2
[8] Tyzack, Anna, The True Home of Tennis (http:/ / www. countrylife. co. uk/ news/ culture/ article/ 79487/ The_True_Home_of_Tennis. html)
Country Life, 22 June 2005
[9] Lawn Tennis and Major T. H. Gem (http:/ / www. birminghamcivicsociety. org. uk/ lawntennis. htm) Birmingham Civic Society
[10] "Leamington Tennis Club" (http:/ / www. leamington-tennis-squash. co. uk/ ). . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[11] The History of Tennis (http:/ / inventors. about. com/ library/ inventors/ bltenns. htm) – Mary Bellis
[12] "The History of Tennis" (http:/ / www. cliffrichardtennis. org/ planet_tennis/ history. htm). . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[13] "23 February 1874 in History" (http:/ / www. brainyhistory. com/ events/ 1874/ february_23_1874_58421. html). . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
History of tennis 9
[14] "When the Girls Came Out to Play: The Birth of American Sportswear" (http:/ / scholarworks. umass. edu/ cgi/ viewcontent.
cgi?article=1004& context=umpress_wtg). . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[15] The Beginnings Of Lawn Tennis (http:/ / www. sc. edu/ library/ spcoll/ hist/ tennis/ lawn. html) – University of South Carolina Libraries
[16] St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture (http:/ / www. findarticles. com/ p/ articles/ mi_g1epc/ is_tov/ ai_2419101211) – Lloyd Chiasson Jr
[17] "Tennis from Beijing Olympics 2008" (http:/ / en. beijing2008. cn/ 05/ 75/ article212057505. shtml). . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[18] "The Online Guide to Traditional Games" (http:/ / www. tradgames. org. uk/ games/ Tennis. htm). . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[19] Palmatier, Robert. Speaking of animals: a dictionary of animal metaphors (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=kSr4fO2zYrIC&
pg=PA245& dq=love+ l'oeuf+ tennis& hl=en& ei=Flr8S8ukFYOB8gb_4ND6BQ& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=2&
ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage& q=love l'oeuf tennis& f=false), page 245 (1995).
[20] Horn, Geoffrey. Rafael Nadal (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=tQoY647Kk-wC& pg=PA13& dq=love+ l'oeuf+ tennis& hl=en&
ei=Flr8S8ukFYOB8gb_4ND6BQ& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=3& ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage& q=love l'oeuf
tennis& f=false), page 13 (2006).
[21] "Women In Sport" (http:/ / www. therooms. ca/ archives/ wis/ tennis. asp). . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[22] Grand Slam (http:/ / www. australianopen. com/ en_AU/ info/ grandslam/ index. html) – Australian Open
[23] "Suzanne Lenglen and the First Pro Tour" (http:/ / www. tennisserver. com/ lines/ lines_99_10_31. html). . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[24] "Originality of the phrase "Grand Slam"" (http:/ / www. hickoksports. com/ history/ grandslm. shtml). . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[25] "The Trophies" (http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/ history/ trophies. html). wimbledon.org. . Retrieved 2010-11-12.
[26] "Roll of Honour" (http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/ history/ rolls/ index. html). wimbledon.org. . Retrieved 2010-11-12.
[27] "Fact & History of Rhodes Island" (http:/ / www. ri. gov/ facts/ trivia. php). . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[28] Leading The Way (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ sport2/ hi/ tennis/ us_open/ 2136087. stm) – BBC Sport
[29] "History of United States Tennis Association" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20061112145318/ http:/ / www. usta. com/ communitytennis/
fullstory. sps?iNewsid=95424& icategoryid=437). Archived from the original (http:/ / www. usta. com/ communitytennis/ fullstory.
sps?iNewsid=95424& icategoryid=437) on November 12, 2006. . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[30] "Tennis: Britain Misses Out on World Party That Once Roused Fury of the Fuhrer" (http:/ / www. buzzle. com/ editorials/ 12-3-2005-83054.
asp). . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[31] "History of the U.S Open" (http:/ / www. tennistours. com/ event_pages/ U. S/ history. asp). . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[32] "Davis Cup History" (http:/ / www. daviscup. com/ en/ history/ davis-cup-history. aspx). daviscup.com. . Retrieved 2010-12-05.
[33] "Davis Cup by BNP Paribas" (http:/ / tennis. bnpparibas. com/ en/ professional-tournaments/ page. asp?Code=SBUS-6D4DTB). . Retrieved
2007-05-29.
[34] History of The Davis Cup (http:/ / www. itftennis. com/ abouttheitf/ abouttheitf/ history. asp). Retrieved 2007-09-10.
[35] "James Henry Van Alen in the Tennis Hall of Fame" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070930153610/ http:/ / www. tennisfame. com/
famer. aspx?pgID=867& hof_id=126). Archived from the original (http:/ / www. tennisfame. com/ famer. aspx?pgID=867& hof_id=126) on
September 30, 2007. . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[36] "History of the Pro Tennis Wars Chapter 2, part 1 1927–1928" (http:/ / www. tennisserver. com/ lines/ lines_01_03_01. html). . Retrieved
2007-05-29.
[37] Open Minded (http:/ / www. cigaraficionado. com/ Cigar/ CA_Archives/ CA_Show_Article/ 0,2322,519,00. html) – Bruce Goldman
[38] (http:/ / www. sportsmediainc. net/ tennisweek/ index. cfm?func=showarticle& newsid=17405)
[39] Henderson, Jon (15 June 2008). "Now I'd choose tennis" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ sport/ 2008/ jun/ 15/ tennis. rugbyunion). The
Observer (Guardian Media Group). . "'Yes, "open" tennis has come at last and Bournemouth has been entrusted with the task of a world
shaking launching,' said the programme notes for the 1968 Hard Court Championships of Great Britain, which brought an end to the sport's
segregation of amateur and professional players."
[40] "Event Guide / History: Roland-Garros, a never-ending story" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080704064149/ http:/ / www. rolandgarros.
com/ en_FR/ about/ history. html). Roland Garros Official Website. IBM Corporation and Fédération Française de Tennis. Archived from the
original (http:/ / www. rolandgarros. com/ en_FR/ about/ history. html) on 2008-07-04. . "Another significant turning point came in 1968
when the French Internationals became the first Grand Slam tournament to join the "Open" era."
[41] THE GAME My 40 Years in Tennis, by Jack Kramer with Frank Deford, pages 275–276
[42] "History of the West Side Tennis Club" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070519130523/ http:/ / www. foresthillstennis. com/ wstcnew/
about+ wstc/ wstchistory. htm). Archived from the original (http:/ / www. foresthillstennis. com/ wstcnew/ about wstc/ wstchistory. htm) on
May 19, 2007. . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[43] "History of USTA" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20061112145318/ http:/ / www. usta. com/ communitytennis/ fullstory.
sps?iNewsid=95424& icategoryid=437). Archived from the original (http:/ / www. usta. com/ communitytennis/ fullstory.
sps?iNewsid=95424& icategoryid=437) on November 12, 2006. . Retrieved 2007-05-29.
[44] Max Robertson, The Encyclopedia of Tennis, 1974, The Viking Press, New York, ISBN 670-29408-X, p. 68
[45] Max Robertson, p. 70
[46] "International Tennis Hall of Fame Information" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070518085009/ http:/ / www. tennisfame. com/
tennisfame. aspx?pgID=866). Archived from the original (http:/ / www. tennisfame. com/ tennisfame. aspx?pgID=866) on May 18, 2007. .
Retrieved 2007-05-29.
History of tennis 10
External links
• Brief history of tennis sport (http://www.tennistheme.com/tennishistory.html)
Real tennis
Real tennis – one of several games sometimes called "the sport of kings" – is the original indoor racquet sport from
which the modern game of lawn tennis (usually simply called tennis), is descended. It is also known as court tennis
in the United States,[1] formerly royal tennis in Australia,[2] , now real tennis, and courte-paume in France (a
reference to the older, raquetless game of jeu de paume, the ancestor of modern handball and raquet games; many
French real tennis courts are at jeu de paume clubs).
The term "real" was first used by journalists in the middle of the 20th century to distinguish the ancient game from
modern "lawn" tennis (even though that sport is seldom contested on lawns these days outside the few
social-club-managed estates such as Wimbledon). Real tennis players often call the game "tennis", while continuing
to refer to its more widely played offshoot as "lawn tennis".
Real tennis is still played by enthusiasts or "realists" on 47 or some say 49 existing courts in the United Kingdom,
Australia, the United States, and France. Despite a documented history of courts existing in the German states from
the 17th century, the sport evidently died out there during or after the World War II reconstruction. The sport is
supported and governed by various organizations around the world.
Game description
The rules and scoring are similar to those of lawn tennis, which derives from real tennis. Although in both sports
game scoring is by fifteens (with the exception of 40, which was shortened from forty-five), in real tennis, six games
wins a set even if the opponent has five games,although some tournaments play to 9 games per set. A match is
typically best of three sets, except for the major open tournaments, in which matches are best of five sets.
Equipment
Unlike the latex-based technology underlying the modern lawn-tennis ball, the game still utilizes a cork-based ball
very close in design to the original balls used in the game. The 2½ inch (64 mm) diameter balls are hand-made and
consist of a core made of cork with fabric tape tightly wound around it and covered with a hand-sewn layer of heavy,
woven, woolen cloth, traditionally "Melton" cloth (not felt, which is unwoven and not strong enough to last as a ball
covering). The balls are traditionally white, but around the end of the 20th century "optic yellow" was introduced for
improved visibility, as was done years earlier in lawn tennis. The balls are much less bouncy than lawn tennis balls,
and weigh about 2½ ounces (71 grams) (lawn tennis balls typically weigh 2 ounces).
The 27 inch (686 mm) long racquets are made of wood and use very tight strings to cope with the heavy balls. The
racquet head is bent slightly to make it easier to strike balls close to the floor or in corners, and to facilitate a "slice"
or "cut". Currently there are only 2 companies in the world hand-crafting these racquets: Grays of Cambridge (UK)
and Harrow Sports (US) based in Denver, CO.
Real tennis 11
Courts
A real tennis court (jeu à dedans) is a very substantial
building (encompassing an area wider and longer than a lawn
tennis court, with high walls and a ceiling lofty enough to
contain all but the highest lob shots). It is enclosed by walls
on all four sides, three of which have sloping roofs, known as
"penthouses", beneath which are various openings
("galleries", from which spectators may view the game), and a
buttress that intrudes into the playing area (tambour) off
which shots may be played. Courts (except for the one at
Falkland Palace, a jeu quarré design) share the same basic
Jesmond Dene jeu à dedans court
layout but have slightly different dimensions. Most are about
110 by 39 feet (34 × 12 m) above the penthouses, and about
96 by 32 feet (29 × 9.8 m) on the playing floor, varying by a
foot or two per court. They are doubly asymmetric: each end
of the court differs in shape from the other, and the left and
right sides of the court are also different.
Manner of play
The service is always made from the same end of the court
(the "service" end); a good service must touch the side
penthouse (above and to the left of the server) on the Falkland Palace jeu quarré court
receiver's ("hazard") side of the court before first touching the
floor in a marked area on that side. There are numerous and widely varying styles of service. These are given
descriptive names to distinguish them – examples are "railroad", "bobble", "poop", "piqué", "boomerang", and
"giraffe".
The game has many other complexities. For instance, when the ball bounces twice on the floor at the service end, the
serving player does not generally lose the point. Instead a "chase" is called where the ball made its second bounce
and the server gets the chance, later in the game, to "play off" the chase from the receiving end; but to win the point
being played off, his shot's second bounce must be further from the net (closer to the back wall) than the shot he
originally failed to reach. A chase can also be called at the receiving ("hazard") end, but only on the half of that end
nearest the net; this is called a "hazard" chase. Those areas of the court in which chases can be called are marked
with lines running across the floor, parallel to the net, generally about 1-yard (0.91 m) apart – it is these lines by
which the chases are measured. Additionally, a player can gain the advantage of serving only through skillful play
(viz. "laying" a "chase", which ensures a change of end). This is in stark contrast to lawn tennis, where players
alternately serve and receive entire games. In real tennis the service can only change during a game, and it is not
uncommon to see a player serve for several consecutive games till a chase be made. Indeed, in theory, an entire
match could be played with no change of service, the same player serving every point.
The heavy, solid balls take a great deal of spin, which often causes them to rebound from the walls at unexpected
angles. For the sake of a good chase (close to the back wall), it is desirable to use a cutting stroke, which imparts
backspin to the ball, causing it to come sharply down after hitting the back wall.
Another twist to the game comes from the various window-like openings below the penthouse roofs that, in some
cases, offer the player a chance to win the point instantly by hitting the ball into the opening (in other cases, these
windows create a "chase"). Effectively, these are "goals" to be aimed for. The largest such opening, located behind
the server, is called the "dedans" and must often be defended on the volley from hard hit shots, called "forces",
Real tennis 12
coming from the receiving ("hazard") side of the court. The resulting back-court volleys and the possibility of hitting
shots off the side walls and the sloping penthouses give many interesting shot choices not available in lawn tennis.
Moreover, because of the weight of the balls, the small racquets, and the need to defend the rear of the court, many
lawn tennis strategies, such as playing with topspin, and serve and volley, are ineffective.
History
The term "tennis" is thought to derive from the French word tenez, which means "take heed" — a warning from the
server to the receiver. Real tennis evolved, over three centuries, from an earlier ball game played around the 12th
century in France. This had some similarities to palla, fives, pelota, or handball, in that it involved hitting a ball with
a bare hand and later with a glove. One theory is that this game was played by monks in monastery cloisters, based
on the construction and appearance of early courts. By the 16th century, the glove had become a racquet, the game
had moved to an enclosed playing area, and the rules had stabilized. Real tennis spread across Europe, with the Papal
Legate reporting in 1596 that there were 250 courts in Paris alone, near the peak of its popularity in France.[3]
Royal interest in England began with Henry V (reigned 1413–22) but it was Henry VIII (reigned 1509–47) who
made the biggest impact as a young monarch, playing the game with gusto at Hampton Court on a court he had built
in 1530, when he was in his late thirties (Born 28 June 1491) and on several other courts in his palaces. It is believed
that his second wife Anne Boleyn was watching a game of real tennis when she was arrested and that Henry was
playing tennis when news was brought to him of her execution. During the reign of James I (1603–25), there were
14 courts in London.[4]
In France, François I (1515–47) was an enthusiastic player and promoter of real tennis, building courts and
encouraging play among both courtiers and commoners. His successor, Henry II (1547–59), was also an excellent
player and continued the royal French tradition. The first known book about tennis, Trattato del Giuoco della Palla
was written during his reign, in 1555, by an Italian priest, Antonio Scaino da Salo. Two French kings died from
tennis-related episodes – Louis X of a severe chill after playing and Charles VIII after striking his head on the lintel
of a door leading to the court in Amboise. King Charles IX granted a constitution to the Corporation of Tennis
Professionals in 1571, creating the first pro tennis 'tour', establishing three levels of professionals—apprentice,
associate, and master. The first codification of the rules of real tennis was written by a professional named Forbet
and published in 1599.[5]
The game thrived among the 17th-century nobility in France, Spain, Italy and in the Habsburg Empire, but suffered
under English Puritanism. By the Age of Napoleon, the royal families of Europe were besieged and real tennis was
largely abandoned.[6] Real tennis played a role in the history of the French Revolution, through the Tennis Court
Oath, a pledge signed by French deputies in a real tennis court, which formed a decisive early step in starting the
revolution. During the 18th century and early 19th century, as real tennis declined, new racquets sports emerged in
England: racquets and squash racquets.
In Victorian England real tennis had a revival, but broad public interest later shifted to the new, outdoor, game of
lawn tennis, which soon became the more popular sport, played by both sexes (real tennis players were almost
exclusively male). Real tennis courts were built in Hobart, Australia (1875) and in the United States, starting in 1876
in Boston, and in New York in 1890, and later at athletic clubs in several other cities. Real tennis greatly influenced
the game of stické, which was invented in the 19th century and combined aspects of real tennis, lawn tennis and
racquets.
Real Tennis has the longest line of consecutive world champions of any sport in the world.
Real tennis 13
Locations
There are only about 47 left, and over half of those are in
Britain. However, a new court was built in the United States
in 1997.
Some particularly noteworthy courts in the UK are:
• Falkland Palace, Fife: The oldest court in the world for
real tennis, opened in 1539.
• Royal Tennis Court, Hampton Court: The oldest surviving
real tennis court in England, built on the site of an even
older court in the 1620s, where the game can be watched
by the general public during British Summer Time.
• Jesmond, Newcastle: The court is situated on Matthew
Bank and was built in 1894. It was built by the then owner
of Jesmond Dene House as a private court and is now a
listed building. Racquets and balls.
• Canford, Dorset: Lord Wimborne, Sir Ivor Guest, opened

the court at Canford in 1879 although there had been an earlier court built in the grounds of the manor house
dating back to 1541. It is still in use in a building that belongs to Canford School and also now houses 4 squash
courts.
Noteworthy courts in the United States include:
• The Racquet Club of Philadelphia: Founded in 1889, current location constructed in 1907 by noted architech
Horace Trumbauer.
• The Tennis and Racquet Club, Boston, MA: One of the oldest courts in the USA, opened in 1902.
• The Racquet and Tennis Club, NY: New York City's famously exclusive tennis club contains two real tennis
courts built in 1918.
• Prince's Court, McLean, VA: The newest court in the United States, opened in 1997.
• International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, RI: Home of Jen Winthrop. Contains one court exclusively
referred to as Court Tennis.
In literature
The first mention of real tennis in literature comes from a 1581 translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses by Giovanni
Andrea dell'Anguillara, printed in Venice in quarto form in 1581. This was the leading Renaissance translation of
Ovid's work into Italian. The translation transforms the fatal discus game between Apollo and Hyacinth into a fatal
game of real tennis, or "racchetta."
William Shakespeare mentions the game in Act I — Scene II of Henry V; the Dauphin, a French Prince, sends King
Henry a gift of tennis-balls, out of jest, in response to Henry's claim to the French throne. King Henry replies to the
French Ambassadors: "His present and your pains we thank you for: When we have matched our rackets to these
balls, we will, in France, by God's grace, play a set [that] shall strike his father's crown into the hazard ... And tell the
pleasant Prince this mock of his hath turn'd his balls to gun stones". Michael Drayton makes a similar reference to
the event in his The battaile of Agincourt, published in 1627.
The Penguin book of Sick Verse includes a poem by William Lathum comparing life to a tennis-court:
If in my weak conceit, (for selfe disport),
The world I sample to a Tennis-court,
Real tennis 14
Where fate and fortune daily meet to play,

I doe conceive, I doe not much misse-say.
All manner chance are Rackets, wherewithall
They bandie men, from wall to wall;
Some over Lyne, to honour and great place,
Some under Lyne, to infame and disgrace;
Some with a cutting stroke they nimbly sent
Into the hazard placed at the end; ...
The Scottish gothic novel The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner by James Hogg (1824)
describes a tennis match that degenerates into violence.
The detective story Dead Nick takes place in a tennis milieu. The title alludes to a shot that hits "the nick" (where the
wall meets the floor), called "dead" because it then bounces very little and is frequently unreturnable.
Hazard Chase (1964) by Jeremy Potter is a thriller-detective story featuring real tennis on the court at Hampton
Court Palace. During the story the game is explained, and the book contains a diagram of a real tennis court. Jeremy
Potter wrote historical works (including Tennis and Oxford (1994)), and was himself an accomplished player of the
game, winning the World Amateur Over-60s Championship in 1986.
The First Beautiful Game: Stories of Obsession in Real Tennis (2006) by top amateur player Roman Krznaric
contains a mixture of real tennis history, memoir and fiction, which focuses on what can be learned from real tennis
about the art of living.
In film
Real tennis is featured in the film The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, a fictional meeting between Sherlock Holmes and
Sigmund Freud. One of the film's plot points turns on Freud playing a grudge match with a Prussian nobleman (in
lieu of a duel). The film The French Lieutenant's Woman includes a sequence featuring a few points being played.
Also The Three Musketeers (1973) and Ever After briefly feature the game. Although presented with varying degrees
of accuracy, these films provide a chance to see the game played, which otherwise may be difficult to observe
personally. The Showtime series The Tudors (2007) portrays Henry the VIII playing the game. In the film version of
Tom Stoppard's Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead the two lead characters play the game Questions in a Real
Tennis court, scoring points as if playing the game.
Notable players
• King Henry VIII of England
• Richard D. Sears: First American amateur champion of court tennis in 1892, and apparent inventor of the
overhead "railroad service," currently the most popular serve in the game.[7] .
• Tom Pettitt
• Eustace Miles: The first foreign winner of the American championship in 1900, Eustace Miles had a widely
ridiculed style. Unusually for the period, Miles was a vegetarian, and produced a book on dietetics entitled
"Muscle, Brain and Diet."[8]
• Joshua Crane: Perhaps the second greatest player in American history. Champion from 1901 to 1905, Crane was
unfortunate that his career coincided with that of Jay Gould.[9]
• P.S. Sears
• Jay Gould II: Unquestionably the greatest amateur in American history. Gould learned at the age of 12 at his
father's court in Lakewood, NJ. Gould won the American championship from 1906 to 1926, one of the longest
streaks in the history of sport. From 1907 to 1925, he lost only one singles match, to English champion E.M.
Real tennis 15
Baerlein. During that period, he never lost even a set to an amateur.[10]

• Fred Tompkins: Head professional of the Philadelphia court. When the New York Racquet and Tennis club
opened, Fred Tompkins was invited to be head professional.However, when Fred went to his brother Alfred to
borrow money for his passage, Alfred decided to go over in Fred's place. Fred Tompkins later took over the
Philadelphia court instead.[11]
• Pierre Etchebaster
• Louis X of France
• G.H. Hardy
References
[1] Richard Schickel, The World of Tennis, The Ridge Press, New York, 1975, ISBN 0-394-49940-9, p.32
[2] The Macquarie Dictionary
[3] Max Robertson, The Encyclopedia of Tennis, New York, The Viking Press, ISBN 670-29408-X, p.17
[7] Allison Danzig, The Racquet Game (MacMillan 1930) 54
[8] Danzig, 56-57.
[9] Danzig at 58.
[10] Danzig at 60-66.
[11] Danzig at 50.
• Lord Aberdare (2001). The J.T. Faber Book of Tennis and Rackets. London: Quiller Press. ISBN 1-899163-62-X.
• Heiner Gillmeister (1997). Tennis: A Cultural History. London: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-0147-0.
• Roman Krznaric (2006). The First Beautiful Game: Stories of Obsession in Real Tennis. Oxford: Ronaldson
Publications. ISBN 1-899804-13-7.
• Kathryn McNicoll (2006) "Real Tennis". UK: Shire Publications. ISBN 978 0 7478 06103 (Album 437).
• Julian Marshall (1878). The Annals of Tennis. Facsimile reprinted 1973 by Racquet Sports Information &
Services, Inc.: Baltimore.
External links
• Real tennis in Jesmond (http://www.bbc.co.uk/tyne/content/articles/2008/09/12/
jesmond_real_tennis_feature.shtml), article at BBC Tyne
• Photos of real tennis court in Jesmond, from BBC Tyne (http://www.bbc.co.uk/tyne/content/image_galleries/
real_tennis_gallery.shtml)
• A History of Tennis (http://web.mac.com/withersglobal/iWeb/History/Introduction.html)
• An interactive map of all 42 remaining courts worldwide (http://www.curtc.net/googlemap.php?showall)
The Championships, Wimbledon

Geographical coordinates: 51°26′1.48″N 0°12′50.63″W
The Championships, Wimbledon
[1]
Official web
Location Wimbledon, London Borough of Merton
UK
Venue The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club
Surface Grass / Outdoor (Except Centre Court during rain and consequently bad light when roof is already in play)
Men's draw [2]

128S (128Q) / 64D (16Q)
Women's draw 128S (96Q) / 64D (16Q)
Mixed draw 48D
Prize money £ 13,725,000
Grand Slam
• Australian Open
• French Open
• Wimbledon
• US Open
Current
2010 Wimbledon Championships
The Championships, Wimbledon, or simply Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is
considered the most prestigious.[3] [4] [5] [6] It has been held at the All England Club in the London suburb of
Wimbledon since 1877. It is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, and the only one still played on the
game's original surface, grass, which gave the game of lawn tennis its name.
The tournament takes place over two weeks in late June and early July, culminating with the Ladies' and
Gentlemen's Singles Final, scheduled respectively for the second Saturday and Sunday. Each year, five major events
are contested, as well as four junior events and four invitational events.
The hard court Australian Open and clay court French Open precede Wimbledon in the calendar year. The hard court
US Open follows. For men, the grass court AEGON Championships, also in London, as well as the Gerry Weber
Open in Halle, Germany, serve as respective warm-up events. For women, the AEGON Classic in Birmingham and 2
joint events, the UNICEF Open in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands and the AEGON International Eastbourne serve as
warm-up events to Wimbledon.
Wimbledon traditions include a strict dress code for competitors, the eating of strawberries and cream, and Royal
patronage. In 2009, Wimbledon's Centre Court was fitted with a retractable roof to prevent rain delaying and
interrupting Centre Court matches during the tournament.
History
Beginnings
The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club is a private club
founded in 1868, originally as 'The All England Croquet Club'. Its first
ground was situated off Worple Road, Wimbledon.
In 1875, lawn tennis, a game devised by Major Walter Clopton
Wingfield a year or so earlier and originally called 'Sphairistike', was
added to the activities of the club. In the spring of 1877, the club was
re-titled 'The All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club' and Sébastien Grosjean takes a shot on Court 18
signalled its change of name by instituting the first Lawn Tennis during the 2004 Championships
Championship. A new code of laws (replacing the code until then

administered by the Marylebone Cricket Club) was drawn up for the event. Today's rules are similar except for
details such as the height of the net and posts and the distance of the service line from the net.
The only event held in 1877 was the Gentlemen's Singles, which was won by Spencer Gore, an old Harrovian rackets
player, from a field of 22. About 200 spectators paid one shilling each to watch the final.
The lawns at the ground were arranged so that the principal court was located in the middle with the others arranged
around it; hence the title 'Centre Court', which was retained when the Club moved in 1922 to the present site in
Church Road, although not a true description of its location. However, in 1980 four new courts were brought into
commission on the north side of the ground, which meant the Centre Court was once more correctly defined. The
opening of the new No. 1 Court in 1997 emphasised the description. Wimbledon is widely considered to be the
premier tennis tournament in the world and the priority of The All England Lawn Tennis Club, which hosts The
Championships, is to maintain its leadership into the 21st century. To that end a long-term plan was unveiled in
1993, intended to improve the quality of the event for spectators, players, officials and neighbours.
Stage one of the plan was completed for the 1997 championships and involved building in Aorangi Park the new No.
1 Court, a broadcast centre, two extra grass courts and a tunnel under the hill linking Church Road and Somerset
Road.
Stage two involved the removal of the old No. 1 Court complex to make way for the new Millennium Building,
providing extensive facilities for the players, press, officials and members, and the extension of the West Stand of
the Centre Court with 728 extra seats.
Stage three has been completed with the construction of an entrance building, housing club staff, museum, bank and
ticket office.[7]
A new retractable roof was built in time for the 2009 championships, marking the first time in the tournament's
history that rain will not stop play for a lengthy time on Centre Court. The All England Club tested the new roof at
an event called A Centre Court Celebration on Sunday, 17 May 2009, which featured exhibition matches involving
Andre Agassi, Steffi Graf, Kim Clijsters and Tim Henman. The first Championship match to take place under the
roof was the completion of the fourth round Ladies' Singles match between Dinara Safina and Amélie Mauresmo.
The first match to be played in its entirety under the new roof was between Andy Murray and Stanislas Wawrinka on
29 June 2009, which Murray won 2–6, 6–3, 6–3, 5–7, 6–3. The match in which Novak Djokovic defeated Olivier
Rochus at Centre Court in the first round of the 2010 Championships recorded the latest ever finish at The
Championships, concluding at 10.58pm By 1882, activity at the club was almost exclusively confined to lawn tennis
and that year the word 'croquet' was dropped from the title. However, for sentimental reasons, it was restored in 1889
and since then the title has remained The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club.
In 1884, the All England Club added Ladies' Singles and Gentlemen's Doubles. Ladies' Doubles and Mixed Doubles
were added in 1913. Until 1922, the reigning champion had to play only in the final, against whoever had won
through to challenge him/her. As with the other three Grand Slam events, Wimbledon was contested by top-ranked
amateur players until the advent of the open era in tennis in 1968. No British man has won the singles event at
Wimbledon since Fred Perry in 1936 and no British woman has won the Ladies Singles since Virginia Wade in
1977, although Annabel Croft and Laura Robson won the Girls' Championship in 1984 and 2008, respectively. The
Championship was first televised in 1937.
21st century
Wimbledon is widely considered to be the premier tennis tournament
in the world and the priority of The All England Lawn Tennis Club,
which hosts The Championships, is to maintain its leadership into the
21st century. To that end a long-term plan was unveiled in 1993,
intended to improve the quality of the event for spectators, players,
officials and neighbours.
Stage one of the plan was completed for the 1997 championships and
involved building in Aorangi Park the new No. 1 Court, a broadcast
Centre Court with open roof at the 2010
centre, two extra grass courts and a tunnel under the hill linking
Championships
Church Road and Somerset Road.
Stage two involved the removal of the old No. 1 Court complex to make way for the new Millennium Building,
providing extensive facilities for the players, press, officials and members, and the extension of the West Stand of
the Centre Court with 728 extra seats.
Stage three has been completed with the construction of an entrance building, housing club staff, museum, bank and
ticket office.[8]
A new retractable roof was built in time for the 2009 championships, marking the first time in the tournament's
history that rain will not stop play for a lengthly time on Centre Court. The All England Club tested the new roof at
an event called A Centre Court Celebration on Sunday, 17 May 2009, which featured exhibition matches involving
Andre Agassi, Steffi Graf, Kim Clijsters and Tim Henman. The first Championship match to take place under the
roof was the completion of the fourth round women's singles match between Dinara Safina and Amélie Mauresmo.
The first match to be played in its entirety under the new roof was between Andy Murray and Stanislas Wawrinka on
29 June 2009, which Murray won 2–6, 6–3, 6–3, 5–7, 6–3. The match in which Novak Djokovic defeated Olivier
Rochus at Centre Court in the first round of the 2010 Championships recorded the latest ever finish at The
Championships, concluding at 10.58pm.[9]
A new 4000-seat No. 2 Court was built on the site of the old No. 13 Court in time for the 2009 Championships.[10]
A new 2000-seat No. 3 Court is being built on the site of the old No. 2 Court and the old No. 3 Court.[11]
Events
Wimbledon includes five main events, four junior events and four invitation events.[12]
Main events
The five main events, and the number of players (or teams, in the case of doubles) include the following:
• Gentlemen's Singles (128 draw)
• Ladies' Singles (128 draw)
• Gentlemen's Doubles (64 draw)
• Ladies' Doubles (64 draw)
• Mixed Doubles (48 draw)
Junior events
Also known as Chimbledon (Children's Wimbledon), the four junior events and the number of players or teams
include the following:
• Boys' Singles (64 draw)
• Girls' Singles (64 draw)
• Boys' Doubles (32 draw)
• Girls' Doubles (32 draw)
No mixed doubles event is held at this level.
Invitation events
The five invitational and the number of pairs include the following:
• Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles (8 pairs Round Robin)[13]
• Senior Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles (8 pairs Round Robin)[14]
• Ladies' Invitation Doubles (8 pairs Round Robin)
• Gentlemen's Wheelchair Doubles (4 pairs)[15]
• Ladies' Wheelchair Doubles (4 pairs)[15]
Match formats
Matches in the Gentlemen's Singles and Gentlemen's Doubles competitions are best-of-five sets. Matches in all other
events are best-of-three sets. A tiebreak game is played if the score reaches 6–6 in any set except the fifth (in a
five-set match) or the third (in a three-set match), in which case a two-game lead must be reached.
All events are single-elimination tournaments,[16] except for the Gentlemen's, Senior Gentlemen's and the Ladies'
Invitation Doubles, all of which are round-robin tournaments.
Until 1922, the winners of the previous year's competition (except in the Ladies Doubles and Mixed Doubles) were
automatically granted byes into the final round (then known as the challenge round). This led to many winners
retaining their titles for successive years, as they were able to rest while their opponent competed from the start of
the competition. From 1922, the prior-year's champions were not granted byes but were required to play all the
rounds, like other tournament competitors.
Schedule
Each year, the tournament begins on the Monday falling between 20 and 26 June. Wimbledon begins two weeks
after the Queen's Club Championships, which is one of the men's major warm-up tournaments for Wimbledon.
Another important men's warm-up tournament is the Gerry Weber Open, which is held in Halle, Germany during the
same week as the Queen's Club Championships. Other important grass-court tournaments before Wimbledon are
Eastbourne, England, and 's-Hertogenbosch in the Netherlands, both combining mixed events. The other women's
warm-up tournament for Wimbledon is Birmingham, also in England. And to bring the grass court season to an end
after the Championships each year there is a tournament held overseas at Newport, Rhode Island, US.
Wimbledon is scheduled for 13 days, beginning on a Monday and ending on a Sunday with the middle Sunday a
designated rest day. The five main events span both weeks, but the youth and invitational events are held mainly
during the second week. Traditionally, there is no play on the "Middle Sunday", which is considered a rest day.
However, rain has forced play on the Middle Sunday three times in the Championship's history: in 1991, 1997, and
2004. On each of these occasions, Wimbledon has staged a "People's Sunday", with unreserved seating and readily
available, inexpensive tickets, allowing those with more limited means to sit on the show courts. Additionally, if the
tournament is not completed by the end of the second Sunday, all remaining matches are postponed until "People's
Monday".
Players and seeding

A total of 128 players feature in each singles event, 64 pairs in each single-sex doubles event, and 48 pairs in Mixed
Doubles. Players and doubles pairs are admitted to the main events on the basis of their international rankings, with
consideration also given to their previous performances at grasscourt events. Currently (since 2001) 32 male and
female players are given seedings in the Gentlemen's and Ladies' singles while 16 teams are seeded in the doubles
events.
The Committee of Management and the Referee evaluate all applications for entry, and determine which players may
be admitted to the tournament directly. The committee may admit a player without a high enough ranking as a wild
card. Usually, wild cards are players who have performed well during previous tournaments, or would stimulate
public interest in Wimbledon by participating. The only wild card to win the Gentlemen's Singles Championship was
Goran Ivanišević in 2001. Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may
participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before Wimbledon at the Bank of England Sports Ground in
Roehampton. The singles qualifying competitions are three-round events; the same-sex doubles competitions last for
only one round. There is no qualifying tournament for Mixed Doubles. No qualifier has won either the Gentlemen's
Singles or the Ladies' Singles tournaments. The furthest that any qualifier has progressed in the main draw of a
Singles tournament is the semi-final round: John McEnroe in 1977 (Gentlemen's Singles), Vladimir Voltchkov in
2000 (Gentlemen's Singles), and Alexandra Stevenson in 1999 (Ladies' Singles).
Players are admitted to the junior tournaments upon the recommendations of their national tennis associations, on
their International Tennis Federation world rankings and, in the case of the singles events, on the basis of a
qualifying competition. The Committee of Management determines which players may enter the four invitational
events.
The Committee seeds the top players and pairs on the basis of their rankings. However, the Committee does also
change the seedings due to a player's previous grass court performance. A majority of the entrants are unseeded.
Only two unseeded players have ever won the Gentlemen's Singles Championship: Boris Becker in 1985 and Goran
Ivanišević in 2001. (In 1985 there were only 16 seeds and Becker was ranked 20th at the time; Ivanišević, however,
was ranked 125th when he won as a Wild Card entrant.) No unseeded player has captured the Ladies' Singles title;
the lowest seeded female champion was Venus Williams, who won in 2007 as the twenty-third seed, beating her own
record from 2005, when Williams won as the fourteenth seed. Unseeded pairs have won the doubles titles on
numerous occasions; the 2005 Gentlemen's Doubles champions were not only unseeded, but also (for the first time
ever) qualifiers.
Grounds Schedule:
The grounds open at 10.30am on each day of playing. On the Centre Court, play starts at 1pm, with exception of the
final two days of the competition (Ladies' and Gentlemen's Finals). On both of these days, play on these courts
begins at 2pm. On courts 2-19, play begins at noon for at least the first eight days of the competition. It then starts at
11am for the Junior matches on the middle Saturday and during the second week.
Grounds
The nineteen courts used for Wimbledon are composed purely of rye
grass.
The main show courts, Centre Court and No. 1 Court, are normally
used only for two weeks a year, during the Championships, but play
can extend into a third week in exceptional circumstances. The
remaining seventeen courts are regularly used for other events hosted
by the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. The show courts
will, however, be pressed into action for the second time in three
months in 2012 as Wimbledon will host the tennis events of the 2012
The order of play for all courts is displayed on
Olympic Games. One of the show courts is also used for home ties of boards around the grounds
the GB teams in the Davis Cup on occasions.
Wimbledon is the only Grand Slam event played on grass courts. At

one time, all the Grand Slam events, except the French Open, were
played on grass. The US Open abandoned grass for a synthetic clay
surface in 1975 and changed again to a hard surface (DecoTurf) with
its 1978 move to the National Tennis Center. The Australian Open
abandoned grass for Rebound Ace, a different type of hard surface, in
1988, and switched to yet another type of hard surface, Plexicushion,
in 2008.
No.1 Court
The principal court, Centre Court, was opened in 1922 when the All
England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club moved from Worple Road to Church Road. The Church Road venue was
larger and was needed to meet the ever-growing public demand.
Due to the possibility of rain during Wimbledon, a retractable roof was installed prior to the 2009 Championship.
The retractable roof is designed to close/open in about 10 minutes and will be closed primarily to protect play from
inclement (and, if necessary, extremely hot) weather during The Championships.[17] When the roof is being opened
or closed, play is suspended. During a Wimbledon Championship match, the first time the roof was closed was on
Monday 29 June 2009, involving Amélie Mauresmo and Dinara Safina. The court has a capacity of 15,000. At its
south end is the Royal Box, from which members of the Royal Family and other dignitaries watch matches. Centre
Court usually hosts the finals and semifinals of the main events, as well as many matches in the earlier rounds
involving top-seeded players or local favourites.
The second most important court is No. 1 Court. The court was
constructed in 1997 to replace the old No. 1 Court, which was adjacent
to Centre Court. The old No. 1 Court was demolished because its
capacity for spectators was too low. The court was said to have had a
unique, more intimate atmosphere and was a favourite of many
players. The new No. 1 Court has a capacity of approximately 11,000.
Court 18
From 2009, a new No. 2 Court is being used at Wimbledon with a

capacity for 4,000 people. To obtain planning permission, the playing
surface is around 3.5m below ground level, ensuring that the
single-storey structure is only about 3.5m above ground level, and thus
not affecting local views.[18] Plans to build on the current site of Court
13 were dismissed due to the high capacity of games that will be
played at the 2012 Olympic Games. The old No. 2 Court has been
renamed as No. 3 Court. The old No. 2 Court was known as the
"Graveyard of Champions" because many highly seeded players were
New No.2 Court
eliminated there during early rounds over the years, including Ilie
Năstase, John McEnroe, Boris Becker, Andre Agassi, Pete Sampras,
Martina Hingis, Venus Williams, and Serena Williams.[19] The court has a capacity of 2,192 + 770 standing. In 2011
a new No. 3 Court and a new No. 4 Court will be unveiled on the sites of the old No. 2 and 3 courts.[20]
At the northern end of the grounds is a giant television screen on which

important matches are broadcast. Fans watch from an area of grass
officially known as the Aorangi Terrace. When British players do well
at Wimbledon, the hill attracts fans for them, and is often re-named by
the press for them: Greg Rusedski's followers convened at "Rusedski
Ridge", and Tim Henman has had the hill nicknamed Henman Hill. As
both of them have now retired and Andy Murray is the number 1
British player, the hill is now sometimes referred to as "Murray
Mound" or "Murrayfield", as a reference to his Scottish heritage and
Terracotta Warriors
the Scottish ground of the same name.
Traditions
Ball boys and ball girls

In the championship games, ball boys and girls, known as BBGs, play
a crucial role in the smooth running of the tournament, with a brief that
a good BBG "should not be seen. They should blend into the
background and get on with their jobs quietly."[21]
From 1947 ball boys were supplied by Goldings,[22] the only
Barnardos school to provide them. Previous to this, from the 1920s
onwards, the ball boys had been provided by The Shaftsbury Children's
Home. Wimbledon ball girl at the net, 2007
Since 1969, BBGs have been provided by local schools. As of 2008

they are drawn from schools in the London boroughs of Merton, Sutton, Kingston and Wandsworth, as well as from
Surrey.[23] Traditionally, Wandsworth Boys Grammar School in Sutherland Grove, Southfields and Mayfield Girls
School on West Hill in Wandsworth, both now defunct, were the schools of choice for selection of BBGs. This was
possibly owing to their proximity to the
All England Club. BBGs have an average age of 15, being drawn from
the school years nine and ten. BBGs will serve for one, or if
re-selected, two tournaments.
As of 2005, BBGs work in crews of six, two at the net, four at the
corners, and crews rotate one hour on court, one hour off, (two hours
depending on the court) for the day's play.[24] Crews are not told which
court they will be working on the day, to ensure the same standards
across all courts. With the expansion of the number of courts, and
Court 10 – on the outside courts there is no
lengthening the tennis day, as of 2008, the number of BBGs required is reserved seating
around 250. BBG service is paid, with a total of £120-£160 being paid
to each ball boy or girl after the 13-day period. Along with this it is
seen as a privilege, and seen as a valuable addition to a school leaver's
curriculum vitae, showing discipline. BBG places are split 50:50
between boys and girls, with girls having been used since 1977,
appearing on centre court since 1985.[25]
Prospective BBGs are first nominated by their school headteacher, to

be considered for selection. To be selected, a candidate must pass
written tests on the rules of tennis, and pass fitness, mobility and other
suitability tests, against initial preliminary instruction material. Evening on the first Friday of the 2004
Successful candidates then commence a training phase, starting in championships
February, in which the final BBGs are chosen through continual

assessment. As of 2008, this training intake was 600. The training includes weekly sessions of physical, procedural
and theoretical instruction, to ensure that the BBGs are fast, alert, self confident and adaptable to situations. As of
2007, early training occurs at Sutton Junior Tennis Centre, and then moves to the main courts after Easter.
Colours and uniforms

Dark green and purple (sometimes also referred to as mauve) are the traditional Wimbledon colours. However, all
tennis players participating in the tournament are required to wear all white or at least almost all white clothing, a
long time tradition at Wimbledon. Wearing white clothing with some colour accents is also acceptable. Green
clothing was worn by the chair umpire, linesmen, ball boys and ball girls until the 2005 Championships; however,
beginning with the 2006 Championships, officials, ball boys and ball girls were outfitted in new navy blue and cream
coloured uniforms from American designer Ralph Lauren. This marked the first time in the history of the
Championships that an outside company was used to design Wimbledon clothing. Wimbledon's contract with Polo
Ralph Lauren is set to last until 2015.
Referring to players
Prior to 2009 female players were referred to by the title "Miss" or "Mrs" on scoreboards. As dictated by strict rule
of etiquette, married female players are referred to by their husbands' names: for example, Chris Evert-Lloyd
appeared on scoreboards as "Mrs. J. M. Lloyd" during her marriage to John Lloyd, since "Mrs. X" essentially
designates "The Wife of X". This tradition has continued at least to some extent.[26] For the first time during the
2009 tournament, players were referred to on scoreboards by both their first and last names.[27] For example "Andy
Murray", not "A. Murray".[28]
The title "Mr" is not used for male players who are professionals on scoreboards but the prefix is retained for
amateurs, although chair umpires refer to players as "Mr" when they use the replay challenge. The chair umpire will
say "Mr <surname> is challenging the call..." and "Mr <surname> has X challenges remaining." However, the
umpires still say Miss <surname> when announcing the score of the Ladies matches.
If a match is being played with two competitors of the same surname (e.g. Venus and Serena Williams, Bob and
Mike Bryan), the chair umpire will specify whom they are referring to by stating the player's first name and surname
during announcements (e.g. "Game, Miss Serena Williams", "Advantage, Mike Bryan").
Royal Family
Previously, players bowed or curtsied to members of the Royal Family seated in the Royal Box upon entering or
leaving Centre Court. In 2003, however, the President of the All England Club, His Royal Highness the Duke of
Kent, decided to discontinue the tradition. Now, players are required to bow or curtsy only if Her Majesty the Queen
or the Prince of Wales is present,[29] as was in practice during the 2010 Championships when the Queen was in
attendance at Wimbledon on 24 June.[30] [31]
Radio Wimbledon
Since 1992, Radio Wimbledon – an on-site radio station with a studio in the Centre Court building – has broadcast
commentary, music and speech from 8am to 10pm daily throughout the championship. It also broadcast the draw on
the Friday before the start of the tournament. Radio Wimbledon can be heard within a five-mile radius on 87.7 FM,
and also online. It operates under a Restricted Service Licence and is arguably the most sophisticated RSL annually
in the UK. The main presenters are Sam Lloyd and Ali Barton. Typically they work alternate four-hour shifts.
Reporters and commentators include Gigi Salmon, Nick Lestor, Rupert Bell, Nigel Bidmead, Guy Swindells, Lucie
Ahl, Nadine Towell and Helen Whitaker. Often they report from the "Crow's Nest", an elevated building housing the
Court 3 and 4 scoreboards which affords views of most of the outside courts. Regular guests include Sue Mappin. In
recent years Radio Wimbledon acquired a second low-power FM frequency (within the grounds only) of 96.3 FM
for uninterrupted Centre Court commentary, and, from 2006, a third for coverage from No. 1 Court on 97.8 FM.
Hourly news bulletins and travel (using RDS) are also broadcast.
Television coverage
For over 70 years, the BBC has broadcast the tournament on television in the UK, starting in 1937. The matches
covered are split between its two main terrestrial channels, BBC One and BBC Two. The BBC holds the broadcast
rights for Wimbledon until 2014 and it distributes its commercial-free feed to outlets worldwide. During the days of
British Satellite Broadcasting, its sports channel carried extra coverage of Wimbledon for subscribers. One of the
most notable British commentators was Dan Maskell, who was known as the BBC's "voice of tennis" until his
retirement in 1991. Other regular commentators on UK television include British ex-players Greg Rusedski, Andrew
Castle, Tim Henman and Annabel Croft; and guest veterans such as Boris Becker, John McEnroe, Jimmy Connors
and Tracy Austin. The coverage is presented by Sue Barker and highlights with John Inverdale. Previous BBC
presenters include Des Lynam, David Vine and Harry Carpenter.
The Wimbledon Finals are obliged to be shown live and in full on terrestrial television (BBC, ITV, Channel 4,
Channel 5) by government mandate. Highlights of the rest of the tournament must be provided by terrestrial stations;
live coverage (excepting the finals) may be sought by satellite or cable TV.[32]
Americans have made a tradition of NBC's "Breakfast at Wimbledon" specials at weekends, where live coverage
starts early in the morning (the US being a minimum of 5 hours behind the UK) and continues well into the
afternoon, interspersed with commentary and interviews from Bud Collins, whose tennis acumen and (in)famous
patterned trousers are well-known to tennis fans in the USA. Collins was sacked by NBC in 2007, but was promptly
hired by ESPN, the cable home for The Championships in the States. For many years NBC's primary Wimbledon
host was veteran broadcaster Dick Enberg. From 1975 to 1999, premium channel HBO carried weekday coverage of
Wimbledon. Hosts included Jim Lampley, Billie Jean King, Martina Navratilova, John Lloyd and Barry MacKay
among others.[33]
Wimbledon was also involved, unintentionally, in a piece of television history, on 1 July 1967. That was when the
first official colour broadcast took place in the UK. Four hours live coverage of Wimbledon was shown on BBC2
(then the only colour channel in the UK), and although footage of that historic match no longer survives, the
Gentlemen's Final that year is still held in the BBC archives because it was the first Gentlemen's Final transmitted in
colour.
Since 2007, the most anticipated Wimbledon matches have been transmitted in High Definition, on the BBC's
free-to-air channel BBC HD, with continual live coverage during the tournament of Centre Court and Court No. 1 as
well as an evening highlights show Today at Wimbledon.
In Ireland RTÉ broadcast the tournament during the 1980s and 1990s on their second channel RTÉ Two, they also
provided highlights of the games in the evening. RTÉ made the decision in 1998 to discontinue broadcasting the
tournament due to falling viewing figures and the large number of viewers watching on the BBC.[34] Since 2005
TG4 Ireland's Irish language broadcaster provide coverage to the tournament. Live coverage is provided through the
Irish language while they broadcast highlights in English at night.[35]
The BBC's opening theme music for Wimbledon was composed by Keith Mansfield and is titled "Light and
Tuneful". A piece titled "A Sporting Occasion" is the traditional closing theme, though nowadays coverage typically
ends either with a montage set to a popular song or with no music at all.
Tickets
The majority of centre and show court tickets sold to the general public are made available by a public ballot that the
All England Club holds at the start of the year. A ballot for tickets has been held since 1924.
The ballot has always been substantially oversubscribed. Successful applicants are selected at random by a
computer.[36]
The All England Club, through its subsidiary The All England Lawn Tennis Ground plc, issues Debentures to tennis
fans every five years to raise funds for capital expenditure. Fans who invest thus in the club receive a pair of tickets
for every day of the Wimbledon Championships for the five years the investment lasts.[37] Only debenture holders
are permitted to sell on their tickets to third parties, although for many years ticket touts have made a habit of
illegally purchasing tickets allocated to non-debenture holders in the draw and selling them for a profit. Demand for
debentures has increased in recent years, to such an extent that they are even traded on the London Stock Exchange.
Wimbledon is the only Grand Slam where fans without tickets for play can queue up and still get seats on Centre
Court, Court 1 and Court 2. From 2008, there is a single queue, allotted about 500 seats for each court. When they
join the queue fans are handed vouchers with a number on it and the following morning when the line moves
towards the Grounds, stewards come through the line and hand out wristbands colour-coded to the specific court.
The voucher is then redeemed at the ticket office for the ticket.
To get into the show courts, fans will normally have to queue overnight at Wimbledon,[38] This is done by fans from
all over the world and is considered part of the Wimbledon experience in itself. Those planning to queue overnight
are advised to bring a tent and sleeping bag. Times to queue up vary according to the weather, but anyone queueing
up before 9 pm on a weekday should be able to get a show court ticket. Queuing for the show courts ends after the
quarter finals have been completed.
At 2.40pm on Day Seven (Monday 28 June) of the 2010 Championships, the one-millionth numbered Wimbledon
queue card was handed out[39] to Rose Stanley from South Africa. Queue cards were introduced in 2003 and have
been numbered sequentially since so people didn't need to wait in an actual line - this decision meant that people can
potentially collect a queue card, then go home to 'queue'.
The All-England Club take a strange stance on queueing. They do not endorse overnight queueing however, they
provide toilet and water facilities for people who do camp overnight. Should a camper be successful in obtaining a
ticket, the Club also provides unattended baggage storage where items not allowed into the grounds (including
camping equipment such as tents) can be left while matches are in progress.
Trophies and prize money

The Gentlemen's Singles champion receives a silver gilt cup
18.5 inches (about 47 cm) in height and 7.5 inches (about 19 cm) in
diameter. The trophy has been awarded since 1887 and bears the
inscription: "All England Lawn Tennis Club Single Handed
Championship of the World." The Ladies' Singles champion receives a
sterling silver salver commonly known as the "Venus Rosewater Dish",
or simply the "Rosewater Dish". The salver, which is 18.75 inches
(about 48 cm) in diameter, is decorated with figures from mythology.
The winners of the Gentlemen's Doubles, Ladies' Doubles, and Mixed
Doubles events receive silver cups. The runner-up in each event
receives an inscribed silver plate. The trophies are usually presented by
the President of the All England Club, The Duke of Kent.
Prize money was first awarded in 1968, the first year that professional
players were allowed to compete in the Championships.[40]
Prior to 2007, among grand slam tournaments, Wimbledon and the The Ladies' (top) and Gentlemen's singles
French Open awarded more prize money in men's events than in trophies
women's events. In 2007, Wimbledon changed this policy, giving the
same money for both events.[41] There has been considerable controversy with people complaining that men play
two thirds more sets than women at the tournament and thus now earn far less per hour than their female
counterparts. However, tennis players are not paid by the hour and those who play longer or shorter games, sets or
matches are not rewarded accordingly.[42] [43] [44]
In 2009, a total of £12,500,000 in prize money was awarded with the singles champions receiving £850,000 each, an
increase of 13.3 percent on 2008.[45]
For the 2010 Championships, the total prize money increased to £13,725,000, and the singles champions will receive
£1,000,000 each[46]
Champions
Main article: List of Wimbledon champions (and the Championships by year)
• Gentlemen's Singles[47]
• Ladies' Singles[48]
• Gentlemen's Doubles
• Ladies' Doubles
• Mixed Doubles
• Singles Finals
Current champions
Rafael Serena Williams is the Ladies' Jürgen Philipp Petzschner

Nadal is the champion, after defeating Melzer part part of the winning
Gentleman's Russian Vera Zvonareva in of the Men's Doubles
champion, straight sets. This is Serena's winning team in 2010. This
after fourth Wimbledon Women's Men's is his first men's
defeating Singles title and ninth Doubles doubles slam title,
Czech Wimbledon title of her career. team in which he did win
Tomas This win was her 13th Grand 2010. This one junior slam.
Berdych in Slam win, taking her past Billie is his first
straight Jean King to sixth in the all-time men's
sets. This is list of female Grand Slam singles doubles
Nadal's champions. Earlier this year she slam title,
second also won the Australian Open, which he
Wimbledon the same as in 2009. did win two
Gentlemen's junior
Singles title slams.
and the
eighth slam
of Nadal's
career. This
is the
second time
in Nadal's
career that
he has
completed
the French
Open –
Wimbledon
double,
which he
did back in
2008.
Vania King part of the winning Yaroslava Shvedova Leander Paes Cara Black
Women's Doubles team in 2010. part of the winning part of the part of the
This is her first slam title and Women's Doubles team winning Mixed winning
Wimbledon title. in 2010. This is her first Doubles team in Mixed
slam title and 2010. This is his Doubles
Wimbledon title. third Wimbledon team in
Mixed Doubles 2010. This is
title and fourth her second
Wimbledon title Wimbledon
in his career with Mixed
the Men's Doubles title
Doubles win in and her fifth
1999. In addition, Wimbledon
Paes won sixth title of her
mixed doubles career to go
title for his career, along with
and he won the her three
Australian Open Ladies'
in Mixed Doubles Doubles
in 2010. titles.
Additionally,
Black won
her fifth
career mixed
doubles title
for her
career,
which she
won the
2010
Australian
Open Mixed
Doubles.
Event Champion Runner-up Score
2010 Men's Singles Rafael Nadal Tomáš Berdych 6–3, 7–5, 6–4
2010 Women's Singles Serena Williams Vera Zvonareva 6–3, 6–2
2010 Men's Doubles Jürgen Melzer Robert 6–1, 7–5, 7–5

Philipp Petzschner Lindstedt
Horia Tecău
2010 Women's Doubles Vania King Elena Vesnina 7–6(6), 6–2

Yaroslava Shvedova Vera Zvonareva
2010 Mixed Doubles Leander Paes Wesley Moodie 6–4, 7–6(5)

Cara Black Lisa Raymond
Records
Record Era Player(s) Count Winning years
Gentlemen since 1877
Winner of most Gentlemen's Before William Renshaw 7 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1889
Singles titles 1968:
After Pete Sampras 7 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
1967:
Winner of most consecutive Before [49] 6 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886
William Renshaw
Gentlemen's Singles titles 1968:
After Björn Borg 5 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980

1967: Roger Federer 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
Winner of most Gentlemen's Before Reggie Doherty & 8 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1903, 1904, 1905
Doubles titles 1968: Laurie Doherty
After Todd Woodbridge 9 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000 (with Mark
1967: Woodforde), 2002, 2003, 2004 (with Jonas Björkman)
Winner of most consecutive Before Reggie Doherty & 5 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901
Gentlemen's Doubles titles 1968: Laurie Doherty
After Todd Woodbridge & 5 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997

1967: Mark Woodforde
Winner of most Mixed Before Ken Fletcher Vic 4 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968 (with Margaret Court) 1953,
Doubles titles – Gentlemen 1968: Seixas 1954, 1955, 1956 (3 with Doris Hart, 1 with Shirley Fry
Irvin)
After Owen Davidson 4 1967, 1971, 1973, 1974 (with Billie Jean King)
1967:
Winner of most Before William Renshaw 14 1880–1889 (7 singles, 7 doubles)

Championships (total: singles, 1968:
doubles, mixed) – Gentlemen
After Todd Woodbridge 9 1993–2004 (9 doubles)
1967:
Ladies since 1884
Winner of most Ladies' Singles Before Helen Wills 8 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1938
titles 1968:
After Martina Navrátilová 9 1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1990
1967:
Winner of most consecutive Before Suzanne Lenglen 5 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923
Ladies' Singles titles 1968:
After Martina Navrátilová 6 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987

1967:
Winner of most Ladies' Before Elizabeth Ryan 12 1914 (with Agatha Morton), 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922,
Doubles titles 1968: 1923, 1925 (with Suzanne Lenglen), 1926 (with Mary
Browne), 1927, 1930 (with Helen Wills), 1933, 1934
(with Simone Mathieu)
Billie Jean King 10 1961, 1962 (with Karen Hantze Susman), 1965 (with
Maria Bueno), 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973 (with Rosie
Casals), 1972 (with Betty Stöve), 1979 (with Martina
Navrátilová)
After Martina Navrátilová 7 1976 (with Chris Evert), 1979 (with Billie Jean King),
1967: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986 (with Pam Shriver)
Winner of most consecutive Before Suzanne Lenglen & 5 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923
Ladies' Doubles titles 1968: Elizabeth Ryan
After Martina Navrátilová & 4 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984 1991 (with Larisa Neiland),
1967: Pam Shriver / 1992, 1993, 1994 (Gigi Fernández)
Natasha Zvereva
Winner of most Mixed Before Elizabeth Ryan 7 1919, 1921, 1923 (with Randolph Lycett), 1927 (with
Doubles titles – ladies 1968: Frank Hunter), 1928 (with Patrick Spence), 1930 (with
Jack Crawford), 1932 (with Enrique Maier)
After Martina Navrátilová 4 1985 (with Paul McNamee), 1993 (with Mark
1967: Woodforde), 1995 (with Jonathan Stark), 2003 (with
Leander Paes)
Winner of most Before Billie Jean King 20 1961–79 (6 singles, 10 doubles, 4 mixed)
Championships (total: singles, 1968:
Elizabeth Ryan 19 1914–34 (12 doubles, 7 mixed)
doubles, mixed) – ladies
After Martina Navrátilová 20 1976–2003 (9 singles, 7 doubles, 4 mixed)
1967:
Miscellaneous
Most games won in a final Andy Roddick 39 2009
Most matches played (men) Jean Borotra 223 1922–39, 1948–64
Most matches played (women) Martina Navrátilová 326
Loser of most singles finals (men or Blanche Bingley 7 1885, 1887, 1888, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1901
women) Hillyard 1973, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1985
Chris Evert
Lowest-ranked winner (men or women) Goran Ivanišević 125th 2001
Wildcard winner (men or women) Goran Ivanišević 2001
Lowest-ranked winner (women) Venus Williams 31st (23rd 2007

seed)
Youngest winner (men) Boris Becker 17 1985
Youngest winner (Ladies' Singles) Lottie Dod 15 1887
Youngest winner (Ladies' Doubles) 15 1996

Martina Hingis
Longest men's final by time 4hrs 48mins 2008
Roger Federer vs
Rafael Nadal
Longest men's match by time John Isner vs 11hrs 5mins 2010
Nicolas Mahut
Longest men's final by games 77 games 2009

Roger Federer vs
Andy Roddick
Longest men's match by games John Isner vs 183 games 2010
Nicolas Mahut
Longest women's final by time Lindsay Davenport vs 2hrs 45mins 2005

Venus Williams
Longest semifinal (women) Serena Williams vs 2009

2hrs
Elena Dementieva [50]
49mins
Singles champions never World No. 1

• According to Wallis Myers of The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail[51] and the computer rankings of the
Women's Tennis Association, only seven women have won the Wimbledon singles title since 1921 but never
reached the World No. 1 ranking. (Since Wimbledon's "Open Era" (1968), only four of the 16 winners haven't
reached WTA World No. 1.) These are, in chronological order: Kathleen McKane Godfree, Cilly Aussem, Karen
Hantze Susman, Ann Haydon Jones, Virginia Wade, Conchita Martínez, and Jana Novotná.
• The men fared differently. Although the men ranked World No. 1 have been dominant in Wimbledon (11 out of
the 19 winners), the Open Era features a mixed fortune of champions. Three champions reached a career high of
World No. 2, Arthur Ashe, Goran Ivanišević, and Michael Stich. Richard Krajicek and Pat Cash, who both
reached a career high of World No. 4, have also won the singles championship. One singles champion, Jan Kodeš,
reached a career high of only World No. 5 (the lowest career-rank of a winner of the Wimbledon Men's Singles);
he won in 1973 when many high-ranking players were absent.
Notes and references

[1] http:/ / www. wimbledon. org
[2] This means that, in the men's main draws, there are 128 singles (S) and 64 doubles (D), and there are 128 and 16 entrants in the respective
qualifying (Q) draws.
[3] Clarey, Christopher (7 May 2008). "Traditional Final: It's Nadal and Federer" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2008/ 07/ 05/ sports/ tennis/
05wimbledon. html?ref=tennis). The New York Times. . Retrieved 17 July 2008. "Federer said[:] 'I love playing him, especially here at
Wimbledon, the most prestigious tournament we have.'"
[4] Will Kaufman & Heidi Slettedahl Macpherson, ed (2005). "Tennis". Britain And The Americas. 1 : Culture, Politics, and History.
ABC-CLIO. pp. 958. ISBN 1851094318. "this first tennis championship, which later evolved into the Wimbledon Tournament ... continues as
the world's most prestigious event.".
[5] "Wimbledon's reputation and why it is considered the most prestigious" (http:/ / www. iloveindia. com/ sports/ wimbledon/ index. html).
Iloveindia.com. . Retrieved 14 September 2010.
[6] "Djokovic describes Wimbledon as "the most prestigious event"" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ sport1/ hi/ tennis/ 8121289. stm). BBC News. 26
June 2009. . Retrieved 14 September 2010.
[7] Wimbledon home page http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/ history/ history. html
[8] Wimbledon home page http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/ history/ history. html
[9] Caroline Davies (21 June 2010). "Wimbledon 2010: Normal service resumed, just | Sport" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ sport/ 2010/ jun/
21/ wimbledon-2010-normal-service-resumed). The Guardian (UK). . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
[10] New Court No. 2 (http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ news/ articles/ 2009-06-11/ 200906111244725616916. html)
[11] "The New Court 3" (http:/ / blog. wimbledon. org/ 2010/ 03/ 26/ the-new-court-3). Blog.wimbledon.org. . Retrieved 14 September 2010.
[12] "Wimbledon Event Guide" (http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/ guide/ eventguide. html). wimbledon.org. . Retrieved 12
November 2010.
[13] The men who are eligible for the Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles are 35 years old and older.
[14] The men who are eligible for the Senior Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles are 45 years old and older.
[15] There are no age limits for the Wheelchair Doubles events.
[16] In a single-elimination tournament, a losing player or team is eliminated from the tournament.
[17] "Wimbledon Website – The Championships and The All England Lawn Tennis Club<" (http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/
guide/ longtermplan. html). Wimbledon.org. 23 September 2007. . Retrieved 14 September 2010.
[18] Wimbledon Press Release (https:/ / www. aeltc. com/ cms/ media/ pressreleases/ no2_24_04_07. aspx)
[19] "How the ‘Graveyard of champions’ got its name" (http:/ / blog. wimbledon. org/ 2009/ 05/ 26/
how-the-graveyard-of-champions-got-its-name). Blog.wimbledon.org. . Retrieved 14 September 2010.
[20] "Wimbledon Debentures - About Debentures - The Long Term Plan" (http:/ / www. aeltc. com/ cms/ debentures/ about/ longtermplan. aspx).
Aeltc.com. . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
[21] The Telegraph (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ core/ Content/ displayPrintable. jhtml?xml=/ arts/ 2006/ 06/ 29/ ftballs29. xml& site=6&
page=0) Strawberries, cream and BBGs, 29 June 2006
[22] "Goldings Ballboys" (http:/ / www. goldonian. org/ wimbledon/ goldings_ballboys. htm). Goldonian.org. 26 June 2004. . Retrieved 14
September 2010.
[23] Official Site (http:/ / www. aeltc. com/ CMS/ BBG/ school. aspx) Ballboys and Ballgirls Schools Information
[24] Official Site (http:/ / www. aeltc. com/ CMS/ BBG/ background. aspx) Ballboys and Ballgirls Background Information
[25] Official Site (http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/ guide/ ballboys. html) About Wimbledon – Behind the scenes, Ball boys and
ball girls
[26] "Mrs. P-Y Hardenne" is used to describe Justine Henin. See (http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/ history/ rolls/ ladiesroll. html).
Retrieved 12 November 2010.
[27] (http:/ / www. timesonline. co. uk/ tol/ sport/ tennis/ article6620215. ece)
[28] See scoreboard behind Andy Murray during his third round match with Stanilsas Wawrinka (http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ news/
articles/ 2009-06-29/ 200906291246291940671. html) . Retrieved 30 June 2009.
[29] "Wimbledon Website - The Championships and The All England Lawn Tennis Club" (http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/
infosheets/ royalbox. html). Wimbledon.org. 23 September 2007. . Retrieved 14 September 2010.
[30] (http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ news/ pressreleases/ 2010queen_17_05_2010. html)
[31] Eden, Richard (15 May 2010). "Advantage Andy Murray as the Queen visits Wimbledon" (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ sport/ tennis/
andymurray/ 7728927/ Advantage-Andy-Murray-as-the-Queen-visits-Wimbledon. html). London: Telegraph. . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
[32] "Corel Office Document" (http:/ / www. culture. gov. uk/ PDF/ sport_on_television. pdf) (PDF). . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
[33] HBO Guides, program schedules, 1975 to 1999
[34] "Tennis - set for change?" (http:/ / www. irishtimes. com/ newspaper/ sport/ 1998/ 0708/ 98070800158. html). The Irish Times. 8 July 1998.
. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
[35] "TG4'S SUCCESSFUL TENNIS COVERAGE TO CONTINUE WITH WIMBLEDON 2009" (http:/ / www. tg4. ie/ bearla/ corp/ pr/ 2009/
0620-1. asp). TG4. 20 June 2009. . Retrieved 2 June 2010.
[36] Wimbledon website http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/ tickets/ ballot. html
[37] "Wimbledon Debentures - About Debentures - About Wimbledon Debentures" (http:/ / www. aeltc. com/ cms/ debentures/ about/ About.
aspx). Aeltc.com. . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
[38] queue overnight at Wimbledon http:/ / blog. nationmultimedia. com/ natee/ 2007/ 07/ 16/ entry-1
[39] One-Millionth queue card handed out http:/ / 2010. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ news/ blogs/ 2010-06-29/ 201006291277811866606. html
[40] "The Championships, Wimbledon 2008 — Prize Money history" (http:/ / www. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/ history/
prizemoney_history. html). wimbledon.org. 21 September 1998. . Retrieved 12 November 2010.
[41] "The Championships, Wimbledon 2009 - 2009 Prize money" (http:/ / aeltc2009. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/ guide/ prizemoney. html).
Aeltc2009.wimbledon.org. . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
[42] Galway racing tips (23 June 2009). "Some are more equal than others... - Lifestyle, Frontpage" (http:/ / www. independent. ie/ lifestyle/
some-are-more-equal-than-others-1784792. html). The Irish Independent. . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
[43] "Women Don't Deserve Equal Prize Money at Wimbledon" (http:/ / bleacherreport. com/ articles/
210746-women-dont-deserve-equal-prize-money-at-wimbledon#poll). Bleacher Report. 2 July 2009. . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
[44] Newman, Paul (23 June 2006). "The Big Question: Should women players get paid as much as men at Wimbledon?" (http:/ / www.
independent. co. uk/ sport/ tennis/ the-big-question-should-women-players-get-paid-as-much-as-men-at-wimbledon-405067. html). The
Independent (London). . Retrieved 25 May 2010.
[45] "2009 Championships Prize Money" (http:/ / aeltc2009. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/ guide/ prizemoney. html).
Aeltc2009.wimbledon.org. . Retrieved 14 September 2010.
[46] "The Championships, Wimbledon 2009 - 2009 Prize money" (http:/ / aeltc2010. wimbledon. org/ en_GB/ about/ guide/ prizemoney. html).
Aeltc2010.wimbledon.org. . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
[47] Last British Gentlemen's Singles champion: Fred Perry (1936)
[48] Last British Ladies' Singles champion: Virginia Wade (1977)
[49] In Renshaw's era, the defending champion was exempt from playing in the main draw, playing only in the final. This policy was abolished in
1922.
[50] "Wimbledon: Serena Williams fights back to beat Elena Dementieva - ESPN" (http:/ / sports. espn. go. com/ sports/ tennis/ wimbledon09/
columns/ story?columnist=ubha_ravi& id=4302223). Sports.espn.go.com. 2 July 2009. . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
[51] Collins, Bud (2008). The Bud Collins History of Tennis: An Authoritative Encyclopedia and Record Book. New York, N.Y: New Chapter
Press. pp. 695, 701–4. ISBN 0-942257-41-3.
Further reading
• Robertson, Max Wimbledon 1877–1977
External links
• Official site (http://www.wimbledon.org/)
• Official blog (http://blog.wimbledon.org/)
• 3D Map of the Grounds (http://www.wimbledon.org/en_GB/about/guide/map.html)
• Satellite image of the venue (Google Maps) (http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&sll=51.501049,-0.
13999&sspn=0.202605,0.454559&ll=51.433919,-0.214362&spn=0.006341,0.014205&t=k&om=0)
• BBC Five Live's coverage of Wimbledon (http://www.bbc.co.uk/fivelive/sport/wimbledon/2008/)
• Simulation of the new centre court (http://www.wimbledon.org/en_GB/about/tour/centrecourt.html)
• Goldings' Wimbledon Ball Boys (http://www.goldonian.org/wimbledon/goldings_ballboys.htm)
• Wimbledon – All winners and runners-up. Reference book (http://www.grandslamhistory.com/index.
php?menu=winners&act=GetWinnersTGSU&id_tour=3&id_event=1&id_nation=0/)
US Open (tennis) 34
US Open (tennis)
US Open
[1]
Official web
Location Queens - New York City

United States
Venue USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center

Surface Grass - outdoors
(1881–1974)
Clay - outdoors
(1975–1977)
DecoTurf - outdoors
(1978–present)
Men's draw 128S / 128Q / 64D
Women's draw 128S / 96Q / 64D
Prize money US$ $21,016,000
Grand Slam
• Australian Open
• French Open
• Wimbledon
• US Open
Current
2010 US Open (tennis)
The US Open, formally the United States Open Tennis Championships, is a tennis tournament which is the
modern incarnation of one of the oldest tennis championships in the world, with the U.S. National Championship,
which for men's singles was first contested in 1881. Since 1987, the US Open has been chronologically the fourth
and final tennis major comprising the Grand Slam tennis tournament each year. Rafael Nadal is the most recent
men's single winner in 2010.
It is held annually in August and September over a two-week period (the weeks before and after Labor Day
weekend). The main tournament consists of five different event championships: men's and women's singles, men's
and women's doubles, and mixed doubles, with additional tournaments for senior, junior, and wheelchair players.
Since 1978, the tournament has been played on acrylic hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis
Center at Flushing Meadows-Corona Park in Queens, New York City.
The US Open is unique in that there are final-set tiebreaks; in the other three Grand Slam tournaments, the deciding
set (fifth for men, third for women) continues until it is won by two games.
US Open (tennis) 35
History
The US Open has grown from an exclusive entertainment event for high society to a championship for more than
600 male and female professional players who, as of 2008, compete for total prize money of over US$21 million,
with $1.5 million for each winner of the singles tournaments.
In the first few years of the United States National Championship, only men competed, and only in singles
competition. The tournament was first held in August 1881 at the Newport Casino, Newport, Rhode Island and in
that first year only clubs that were members of the United States National Lawn Tennis Association were permitted
to enter. From 1884 through 1911, the tournament used a challenge system whereby the defending champion
automatically qualified for the next year's final. In 1915, the tournament moved to the West Side Tennis Club at
Forest Hills, New York. From 1921 through 1923, it was played at the Germantown Cricket Club in Philadelphia and
returned to Forest Hills in 1924.
Six years after the men's nationals were first held, the first official U.S. Women's National Singles Championship
was held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in 1887, followed by the U.S. Women's National Doubles Championship
in 1889. The first U.S. Mixed Doubles Championship was held alongside the women's singles and doubles. The first
U.S. National Men's Doubles Championship was held in 1900. Tournaments were held in the east and the west of the
country to determine the best two teams, which competed in a play-off to see who would play the defending
champions in the challenge round.
The open era began in 1968 when all five events were merged into the US Open, held at the West Side Tennis Club
in Forest Hills, New York. The 1968 combined tournament was open to professionals for the first time. That year, 96
men and 63 women entered the event, and prize money totaled $100,000 ($631286 in current dollar terms).
In 1970, the US Open became the first of the Grand Slam tournaments to use a tiebreak at the end of a set. The US
Open is also the only Grand Slam that continues to use the tiebreak in the 5th set. All the other three grand slams
play it out with service games in the 5th set.
Jimmy Connors is the only individual to have won US Open singles titles on all three surfaces, while Chris Evert is
the only woman to win on two surfaces. The DecoTurf surface at the US Open is a fast surface, having slightly less
friction and producing a lower bounce compared to other hard courts (most notably the Rebound Ace surface
formerly used at the Australian Open). For this reason, many serve-and-volley players have found success at the US
Open.
The main court is located at the 22,547-seat Arthur Ashe Stadium, opened in 1997. It is named after Arthur Ashe, the
African American tennis player who won the men's final of the inaugural US Open in 1968. The next largest court is
Louis Armstrong Stadium, opened in 1978, extensively renovated from the original Singer Bowl. It was the main
stadium from 1978–96, and its peak capacity neared 18,000 seats, but was reduced to 5,500 after the opening of
Arthur Ashe Stadium. The third largest court is the Grandstand Stadium, attached to the Louis Armstrong Stadium.
Sidecourts 4, 7, and 11 each have a seating capacity of over 1,000.
All the courts used by the US Open are lighted, meaning that television coverage of the tournament can extend into
prime time to attract higher ratings. This has recently been used to the advantage of the USA Network on cable and
especially for CBS, the American broadcast television outlet for the tournament for many years, which used its
influence to move the women's singles final to Saturday night to draw better television ratings.
In 2005, all US Open (and US Open Series) tennis courts were given blue inner courts to make it easier to see the
ball on television; the outer courts remained green.
The USTA National Tennis Center was renamed in honor of four-time tournament champion and tennis pioneer
Billie Jean King during the 2006 US Open.
US Open (tennis) 36
Player challenges of line calls

In 2006, the US Open was changed to implement instant replay reviews of calls, using the Hawk-Eye computer
system. Each player was allowed three challenges per set plus one additional challenge during a tiebreak. The player
keeps all existing challenges if the challenge is successful. If the challenge is unsuccessful and the original ruling is
upheld, the player loses a challenge. Instant replay was initially available only on the stadium courts (Ashe and
Armstrong), until it became available on the Grandstand in 2009.
Once a challenge is made, the official review (a 3-D computer simulation based on multiple high-speed video
cameras) is shown to the players, umpires, and audience on the stadium video boards and to the television audience
at the same time. The system is said to be accurate to within five millimetres.
During the 2006 US Open, 30.5% of men's challenges and 35.85% of women's challenges were overturned.[2]
During the 2007 US Open, 95 challenges were overturned - or 30.6%.
In 2007, JP Morgan Chase renewed its sponsorship of the US Open. As part of its sponsorship arrangement, Chase
renamed the tournament's replay system the "Chase Review" on in-stadium video and television.[3]
Grounds
The DecoTurf surface at the US Open is a
fast surface, having slightly less friction and
producing a lower bounce compared to other
hard courts (most notably the Rebound Ace
surface formerly used at the Australian
Open). For this reason, many
serve-and-volley players have found success
at the US Open.
The main court is located at the 22,547-seat

Arthur Ashe Stadium, opened in 1997. It is
named after Arthur Ashe, the African
American tennis player who won the men's
final of the inaugural US Open in 1968. The The Arthur Ashe stadium
next largest court is Louis Armstrong
Stadium, opened in 1978, extensively renovated from the original Singer Bowl. It was the main stadium from
1978–96, and its peak capacity neared 18,000 seats, but was reduced to 5,500 after the opening of Arthur Ashe
Stadium. The third largest court is the Grandstand Stadium, attached to the Louis Armstrong Stadium. Sidecourts 4,
7, and 11 each have a seating capacity of over 1,000.
All the courts used by the US Open are lighted, meaning that television coverage of the tournament can extend into
prime time to attract higher ratings. This has recently been used to the advantage of the USA Network on cable and
especially for CBS, the American broadcast television outlet for the tournament for many years, which used its
influence to move the women's singles final to Saturday night to draw better television ratings.
In 2005, all US Open (and US Open Series) tennis courts were given blue inner courts to make it easier to see the
ball on television; the outer courts remained green.
The USTA National Tennis Center was renamed in honor of four-time tournament champion and tennis pioneer
Billie Jean King during the 2006 US Open.
US Open (tennis) 37
Prize money
The total prize money for the 2008 US Open (in US dollars) is divided as follows:
Singles (men & women - 128 player draws)
[4] $1,600,000
Winners (2009)
[4] $800,000
Runners-up (2009)
[4] $400,000
Semifinalists (2009)
[4] $175,000
Quarterfinalists (2009)
Round of 16 $80,000
Third Round $48,000
Second Round $31,000
First Round $19,000
Total $17,320,000
Doubles (Per Team, Men & Women - 64 Draws)
Winners $420,000
Runners-Up $210,000
Semifinalists $105,000
Quarterfinalists $50,000
Round of 16 $25,000
First Round $10,000
Total $1,800,000 ($3,600,000)
Mixed Doubles (Per Team - 32 Draws)
Winners $180,000
Runners-Up $90,000
Semifinalists $30,000
Quarterfinalists $15,000
First Round $5,000
Total $500,000
US Open (tennis) 38
Men's and Women's Qualifying (128 Draws)
Third Round Losers (16) $8,000
Second Round Losers (32) $5,625
First Round Losers (64) $3,000
Total $500,000 ($1,000,000)
Totals
Total Championship Events $19,200,000
Total for Champions Invitational $385,000
Player per diem $1,072,000
Total Player Compensation $20,657,000
Champions
Past champions
• Men's Singles
• Women's Singles
• Men's Doubles
• Women's Doubles
• Mixed Doubles
• Singles Finals
Current champions
2010 Men's Singles Rafael Nadal Novak Djokovic 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–2
2010 Women's Singles Kim Clijsters Vera Zvonareva 6–2, 6–1
2010 Men's Doubles Bob Bryan Rohan Bopanna 7–6, 7–6

Mike Bryan Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi
2010 Women's Doubles Vania King Liezel Huber 2–6, 6–4, 7–6(4)
Yaroslava Shvedova Nadia Petrova
2010 Mixed Doubles Liezel Huber Květa Peschke 6–4, 6–4

Bob Bryan Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi
US Open (tennis) 39
Rafael Nadal won the title over Kim Clijsters won the title Bob Bryan Mike Bryan
Novak Djokovic in 2010. It was over Vera Zvonareva in 2010. part of the part of the
his first US Open title, and ninth This is the third slam title of winning men's winning men's
slam overall for his career. This her career, and the third US doubles team doubles team
win, along with Andre Agassi, Open Women's Singles title. in 2010. This in 2010. This
made Nadal one of two players to Additionally, Clijsters is his ninth is his ninth
complete a Golden Slam - all became the first woman to men's doubles men's doubles
four Grand Slam titles and an repeat as champion since slam title of slam title of
Olympic Gold Medal in singles Venus Williams in 2001. his career, and his career, and
play. Lastly, this win was his third US Open third US Open
third slam of the year to go along Men's Doubles Men's Doubles
with his French Open and title. Also, the title. Also, the
Wimbledon triumphs. second men's second men's
doubles slam doubles slam
of the year of the year
with the with the
Australian Australian
title. title.
Vania King Yaroslava Shvedova part of the Liezel Bob Bryan

part of the winning women's doubles team Huber part part of the
winning in 2010. This is her second of the winning
women's women's doubles slam title of her winning mixed doubles
doubles team career, and first US Open mixed team in 2010.
in 2010. This Women's Doubles title. Also, this doubles This is his
is her second is the second women's doubles team in seventh mixed
women's slam title of the year, along with 2010. This doubles slam
doubles slam Wimbledon title. is her title of his
title of her second career. Also,
career, and mixed this title
first US Open doubles marked the
Women's slam title of fourth-time
Doubles title. her career. Bob won the
Also, this is Also, this mixed doubles
the second was her at the US
women's first mixed Open.
doubles slam doubles
title of the title at the
year, along US Open.
with the
Wimbledon
title.
US Open (tennis) 40
Records
Record Era Player(s) Count Years
Men since 1881
Winner of most Before Richard Sears 7 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887
Men's Singles titles 1968: Bill Larned 1901, 1902, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911
Bill Tilden 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929
After 1967: Jimmy Connors 5 1974, 1976, 1978, 1982, 1983

Pete Sampras 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2002
Roger Federer 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
Winner of most Before Richard Sears 7 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887
consecutive 1968:
Men's Singles titles
After 1967: 5 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
Roger Federer
Winner of most Before Richard Sears 6 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887
Men's Doubles titles 1968: James Dwight 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887
After 1967: Bob Lutz 4 1968, 1974, 1978, 1980

Stan Smith 1968, 1974, 1978, 1980
John McEnroe 1979, 1981, 1983, 1989
Winner of most Before Richard Sears 6 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887
consecutive 1968: James Dwight 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887
Men's Doubles titles
After 1967: Todd Woodbridge 2 1995, 1996
Mark Woodforde 1995, 1996
Winner of most Before Bill Tilden 4 1913, 1914, 1922, 1923

Mixed Doubles titles - Men 1968: Bill Talbert 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946
After 1967: Todd Woodbridge 3 1990, 1993, 2001

Bob Bryan 2003, 2004, 2006
Winner of most Before Bill Tilden 16 1913–1929 (7 singles, 5 men's doubles, 4 mixed doubles)
Championships 1968:
(total: singles, men's
doubles, After 1967: John McEnroe 8 1979–1989 (4 singles, 4 men's doubles)
mixed doubles) - Men
Women since 1887
Winner of most Before / Molla Bjurstedt 8 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1926
Women's Singles titles 1968: Mallory
After 1967: Chris Evert 6 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982
Winner of most Before / Molla Bjurstedt 4 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918

consecutive 1968: Mallory 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935
Women's Singles titles Helen Jacobs
After 1967: Chris Evert 4 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978
Winner of most Before Margaret Osborne 13 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950,
Women's Doubles titles 1968: duPont 1955, 1956, 1957
After 1967: Martina Navrátilová 9 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990
Winner of most Before Margaret Osborne 10 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950
consecutive 1968: duPont
Women's Doubles titles
After 1967: Virginia Ruano Pascual 3 2002, 2003, 2004
Paola Suárez 2002, 2003, 2004
US Open (tennis) 41
Winner of most All-time: Margaret Osborne 8 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1950, 1958, 1959, 1960
Mixed Doubles titles - duPont 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1972
Women Margaret Court
Before Margaret Osborne 8 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1950, 1958, 1959, 1960
1968: duPont
After 1967: Margaret Court 3 1969, 1970, 1972

Billie Jean King 1971, 1973, 1976
Martina Navrátilová 1985, 1987, 2006
Winner of most All-time: Margaret Osborne 25 1941–1960 (3 singles, 13 women's doubles, 9 mixed doubles)
Championships duPont 18 1961-1975 (5 singles, 5 women's doubles, 8 mixed doubles)
(total: singles, women's Margaret Court
doubles,
Before Margaret Osborne 25 1941–1960 (3 singles, 13 women's doubles, 9 mixed doubles)
mixed doubles) - women
1968: duPont
After 1967: Martina Navrátilová 16 1977–2006 (4 singles, 9 women's doubles, 3 mixed doubles)
Miscellaneous
Youngest winner(single) Men: Pete Sampras 19 years and 1 month
Women: Tracy Austin 16 years and 8 months
Men's singles
Year Champion Runner-up
1926 René Lacoste Jean Borotra

1933 Fred Perry Jack Crawford
1956 Ken Rosewall Lew Hoad
1957 Mal Anderson Ashley Cooper
1958 Ashley Cooper Mal Anderson
1959 Neale Fraser Alex Olmedo

1960 Neale Fraser Rod Laver
1961 Roy Emerson Rod Laver
1962 Rod Laver Roy Emerson
1963 Rafael Osuna Frank Froehling
1964 Roy Emerson Fred Stolle
1965 Manuel Santana Cliff Drysdale

1966 Fred Stolle John Newcombe
1969 Rod Laver Tony Roche
1970 Ken Rosewall Tony Roche
1972 Ilie Năstase Arthur Ashe
1973 John Newcombe Jan Kodeš

1974 Jimmy Connors Ken Rosewall
1975 Manuel Orantes Jimmy Connors
1976 Jimmy Connors Björn Borg
1977 Guillermo Vilas Jimmy Connors
1978 Jimmy Connors Björn Borg

US Open (tennis) 42
1979 John McEnroe Vitas Gerulaitis
1980 John McEnroe Björn Borg
1981 John McEnroe Björn Borg

1982 Jimmy Connors Ivan Lendl
1983 Jimmy Connors Ivan Lendl
1984 John McEnroe Ivan Lendl
1985 Ivan Lendl John McEnroe
1986 Ivan Lendl Miloslav Mečíř

1987 Ivan Lendl Mats Wilander
1988 Mats Wilander Ivan Lendl

1989 Boris Becker Ivan Lendl
1990 Pete Sampras Andre Agassi
1991 Stefan Edberg Jim Courier
1992 Stefan Edberg Pete Sampras
1993 Pete Sampras Cédric Pioline

1994 Andre Agassi Michael Stich
1996 Pete Sampras Michael Chang
1997 Patrick Rafter Greg Rusedski
1998 Patrick Rafter Mark Philippoussis
1999 Andre Agassi Todd Martin
2000 Marat Safin Pete Sampras
2001 Lleyton Hewitt Pete Sampras
2003 Andy Roddick Juan Carlos Ferrero

2004 Roger Federer Lleyton Hewitt
2005 Roger Federer Andre Agassi
2006 Roger Federer Andy Roddick
2007 Roger Federer Novak Djokovic
2008 Roger Federer Andy Murray
2009 Juan Martin Del Potro Roger Federer

2010 Rafael Nadal Novak Djokovic
Women's singles
US Open (tennis) 43
Year Champion Runner-up
1937 Anita Lizana Jadwiga Jędrzejowska
1959 Maria Bueno Christine Truman Janes

1963 Maria Bueno Margaret Court
1969 Margaret Court Nancy Richey
1970 Margaret Court Rosemary Casals
1971 Billie Jean King Rosemary Casals
1972 Billie Jean King Kerry Melville
1973 Margaret Court Evonne Goolagong Cawley
1974 Billie Jean King Evonne Goolagong Cawley
1975 Chris Evert Evonne Goolagong Cawley
1976 Chris Evert Evonne Goolagong Cawley
1977 Chris Evert Wendy Turnbull
1978 Chris Evert Pam Shriver
1979 Tracy Austin Chris Evert
1980 Chris Evert Hana Mandlikova

1981 Tracy Austin Martina Navratilova
1982 Chris Evert Hana Mandlikova

1983 Martina Navratilova Chris Evert
1984 Martina Navratilova Chris Evert
1985 Hana Mandlíková Martina Navratilova
1986 Martina Navratilova Helena Suková

1987 Martina Navratilova Steffi Graf
1988 Steffi Graf Gabriela Sabatini
1989 Steffi Graf Martina Navratilova

1990 Gabriela Sabatini Steffi Graf
1991 Monica Seles Martina Navratilova
1992 Monica Seles Arantxa Sánchez Vicario

1993 Steffi Graf Helena Suková
1994 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario Steffi Graf
1995 Steffi Graf Monica Seles
1996 Steffi Graf Monica Seles
1997 Martina Hingis Venus Williams
1998 Lindsay Davenport Martina Hingis

1999 Serena Williams Martina Hingis
2000 Venus Williams Lindsay Davenport
2001 Venus Williams Serena Williams
2002 Serena Williams Venus Williams
2003 Justine Henin Kim Clijsters

US Open (tennis) 44
2004 Svetlana Kuznetsova Elena Dementieva

2005 Kim Clijsters Mary Pierce
2006 Maria Sharapova Justine Henin
2007 Justine Henin Svetlana Kuznetsova
2008 Serena Williams Jelena Janković
2009 Kim Clijsters Caroline Wozniacki
2010 Kim Clijsters Vera Zvonareva
Sponsors
2010
• CBS Sports
• ESPN2
• Tennis Channel
• Chase
• Citizen
• IBM
• JPMorgan Chase & Co.
• Mercedes Benz
• Olympus
• American Express
• Continental Airlines
• Heineken
• Polo Ralph Lauren
• Canon
• Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas
• Esurance
• Evian
• Panasonic
• The New York Times
• Tiffany & Co.
• Westin Hotels & Resorts
• Wilson
• Ticketmaster
• Grey Goose
• Kraft Foods
• Stonyfield Farm
• Nike
US Open (tennis) 45
Media coverage
• The 2008 Open was broadcast in the United States on CBS Sports and the USA Network.
• Beginning in 2009, the tournament will be broadcast on CBS, ESPN2, and Tennis Channel.
• The tournament is broadcast in Canada on TSN, TSN HD, and TSN2.
• The tournament is broadcast in the United Kingdom on Sky Sports 2, Sky Sports Xtra, and on Eurosport for the
UK and Germany.
• In the Netherlands the US Open is broadcast on Eurosport
• In Belgium, the US Open is broadcast on public broadcasters Eén, Canvas and on commercial channel Eurosport.
• In Spain, the tournament is broadcast on Digital Plus and Antena 3.
• In India and Pakistan, the US Open is broadcast on the channel Ten Sports.
• In Japan, the tournament has been broadcast on WOWOW since 1992.
• In 2010, CBS will broadcast the U.S. Open in 3D on DirecTV N3D
• The US Open's website allows viewing of live streaming video, but unlike other major tournaments does not
allow watching video ondemand.
References
[1] http:/ / www. usopen. org
[2] "Replay Statistics" (http:/ / 2007. usopen. org/ en_US/ scores/ instant_replay/ instant_replay. html). US Open official homepage. .
[3] Kaplan, Daniel. "Chase signs mega renewal with Open." Sports Business Journal, August 20, 2007; retrieved November 27, 2010. (http:/ /
www. sportsbusinessjournal. com/ article/ 55967)
[4] 2009 "US Open Base Prize Money Tops Record $21.6 Million" (http:/ / www. usopen. org/ sitecore/ content/ USOpen/ Global/ News/ News/
2009/ 07/ 07/ 2009_US_Open_Base_Prize_Money_Increases. aspx)
External links
Geographical coordinates: 40°44′59.26″N 73°50′45.91″W
• US Open Official Site (http://www.usopen.org/)
• US Open All winners and runnersup. Reference book (http://www.grandslamhistory.com/index.
French Open 46
French Open
Roland Garros
[1]
Official web
Location Paris (XVIe)

France
Venue Tennis Club de Paris, at Auteuil (some of the years from 1891-1908)
Île de Puteaux (some of the years from 1891-1908)
Racing Club de France (some of the years from 1891-1908, then 1910 to 1924, 1926
)
Société Athlétique de la Villa Primrose in Bordeaux (1909)
Stade Français (1925, 1927)
Stade Roland Garros (1928–present)
Surface Sand - Île de Puteaux

Clay - All other venues (Outdoors)
Men's draw 128S / 128Q / 64D (2009)
Women's draw 128S / 96Q / 64D (2009)
Prize money [2]

€ 16,150,460 (2009)
Grand Slam
• Australian Open
• French Open
• Wimbledon
• US Open
The French Open (French: Les internationaux de France de Roland-Garros or Tournoi de Roland-Garros,
IPA: [ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁɔs]) is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June in Paris,
France, at the Stade Roland Garros. It is the second of the Grand Slam tournaments on the annual tennis calendar and
the premier clay court tennis tournament in the world. Roland Garros is the only Grand Slam still held on clay and
ends the spring clay court season.
It is one of the most prestigious events in tennis,[3] and it has the widest worldwide broadcasting and audience of all
regular events in this sport.[4] [5] Because of the slow playing surface and the five-set men's singles matches without
a tiebreak in the final set, the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in
the world.[6] [7]
The reigning current champions in singles are Rafael Nadal for the men and Francesca Schiavone for the women at
the 2010 French Open.
French Open 47
History
Officially named in French Les internationaux de France de
Roland-Garros or Tournoi de Roland-Garros (the "French
Internationals of Roland Garros" or "Roland Garros Tournament"
in English), the tournament is often referred to as the "French
Open" and always as "Roland Garros" in French.
A French national tournament began in 1891, that was open only
to tennis players who were members of French clubs. It was
known as the Championnat de France, which is commonly
referred to in English as the French Closed Championships. The
first women's tournament was held in 1897. This 'French club Suzanne Lenglen Court at Roland Garros.
members only' tournament was played until 1924. This tournament
had four venues during those years:
The Racing Club de France (in the Bois de Boulogne, Paris), played on clay.
Tennis Club de Paris, at Auteuil, Paris, played on clay.
Île de Puteaux, in Paris, played on sand laid out on a bed of rubble.
For one year, 1909, it was played at the Société Athlétique de la Villa Primrose in Bordeaux, on clay.
Another tournament, the World Hard Court Championships held on Clay courts at Stade Français in Saint Cloud,
which was played from 1912 to 1923 (except the war years), is often considered as the true precursor to the French
Open as it was open to international competitors. Winners of this tournament included world number #1's such as
Tony Wilding from New Zealand (1913, 1914) and Bill Tilden from the US (1921). In 1924 there was no World
Hard Court Championships due to the tennis being played at the Paris Olympic Games.
In 1925, the French Championships became open to all amateurs Internationally. This tournament was held at the
Stade Francais (site of the previous World Hardcourt Championships) in 1925 & 1927, on clay. In 1926 the Racing
Club de France hosted the event, again on clay (site of the previous French Club Members only Championship). In
1928, the Roland Garros stadium was opened and the event has been held there ever since.[8] After the
Mousquetaires or Philadelphia Four (René Lacoste, Jean Borotra, Henri Cochet, and Jacques Brugnon) won the
Davis Cup on American soil in 1927, the French decided to defend the cup in 1928 at a new tennis stadium at Porte
d’Auteuil. The Stade de France had offered the tennis authorities three hectares of land with the condition that the
new stadium must be named after the World War I pilot, Roland Garros. The new Stade de Roland Garros, and its
Center Court, which was named Court Philippe Chatrier in 1988, hosted that Davis Cup challenge.
From 1945 through 1947, the French Championships were held after Wimbledon, making it the third Grand Slam
event of the year.
In 1968, the French Championships became the first Grand Slam tournament to go open, allowing both amateurs and
professionals to compete.[8]
French Open 48
Since 1981, new prizes have been presented: the Prix Orange (for
the player demonstrating the best sportsmanship and cooperative
attitude with the press), the Prix Citron (for the player with the
strongest character and personality) and the Prix Bourgeon (for the
tennis player revelation of the year).
Another novelty, since 2006 the tournament has begun on a
Sunday, featuring 12 singles matches played on the three main
courts.
Additionally, on the eve of the tournament's opening, the
Court number 2 at the French Open. traditional Benny Berthet exhibition day takes place, where the
profits go to different charity associations.
In March 2007, it was announced that the event will provide equal prize money for both men and women in all
rounds for the first time ever.[9] In 2010, it was announced that the French Open was considering a move away from
Roland Garros as part of a continuing rejuvenation of the tournament.[10]
Surface characteristics
Clay courts slow down the ball and produce a high bounce when compared to grass courts or hard courts. For this
reason, clay courts take away some of the advantages of big serves and serve-and-volleyers, which makes it hard for
serve based players to dominate on the surface. For example, Pete Sampras, a player known for his huge serve, never
won the French Open (nor even advanced to the final) in his entire career. Many players who have won multiple
Grand Slam events have never won the French Open, including John McEnroe, Venus Williams, Stefan Edberg,
Boris Becker, Martina Hingis, Lindsay Davenport, and Maria Sharapova. Andy Roddick, who holds the record for
fastest serve in the history of professional tennis, has never advanced past the fourth round.
On the other hand, players whose games are more suited to slower surfaces, such as Björn Borg, Ivan Lendl, Rafael
Nadal, and Mats Wilander, and on the women's side, Justine Henin have found great success at this tournament. In
the open era, the only male players who have won both the French Open and Wimbledon, played on faster grass
courts, are Rod Laver, Jan Kodeš, Björn Borg, Andre Agassi, Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer.
Expansion vs. relocation

In 2009 the Fédération Française de Tennis (FFT) announced that it had determined that the French Open's venue
had become inadequate, compared to other major tennis tournament facilities. As a result, it had commissioned the
French architect Marc Mimram (designer of the Passerelle des Deux Rives footbridge across the Rhine River in
Strasbourg[11] ) to design a significant expansion of Stade Roland Garros. On the current property, the proposal calls
for the addition of lights and a roof over Court Philippe Chatrier. At the nearby Georges Hébert municipal recreation
area, east of Roland Garros at Porte d'Auteuil, a fourth stadium will be built, with a retractable roof and 14,600
seating capacity, along with two smaller courts with seating for 1,500 and 750.[12]
In 2010, faced with opposition to the proposed expansion from factions within the Paris City Council, the FFT
announced it is considering an alternate plan to move the French Open to a completely new, 55-court venue outside
of Paris city limits. Three sites reportedly being considered are Marne-le-Vallée (site of the Euro Disney resort), the
northern Paris suburb of Gonesse, and a vacant army base near Versailles.[13] Amid charges of bluffing and
brinkmanship, a spokesman explained that Roland Garros is less than half the size of other Grand Slam venues,
leaving the FFT with only two viable options: expansion of the existing facility or relocation of the event.[14]
French Open 49
Prize money
In 2009, the prize money awarded in the men's and women's singles tournaments was equal and distributed as
follows:[15]
Winner €1,060,000
Finalist €530,000
Semi-finalist €265,000
Quarter-finalist €132,500
Fourth round €68,400
Third round €40,600
Second round €24,500
First round €15,000
Champions
• Men's Singles, winner of the Coupe des Mousquetaires
• Women's Singles, winner of the Coupe Suzanne Lenglen
• Men's Doubles, winners of the Coupe Jacques Brugnon
• Women's Doubles, winners of the Coupe Simone Mathieu
• Mixed Doubles, winners of the Coupe Marcel Bernard
• Singles Finals, records and statistics
The trophies are all made of pure silver with finely etched decorations on their side, each new singles winner gets his
or her name written on the plate holding the trophy.
Winners receive a replica of the won trophy. Pure silver replicas of the trophies are fabricated and engraved for each
winner by the Maison Mellerio, located in the Rue de la Paix, Paris.
Current champions
Rafael Nadal Francesca Schiavone won her Daniel Nestor Nenad Zimonjić was part of the
won his fifth first singles slam, and the first was part of the winning men's doubles team.
French Open, and singles slam title for a person winning men's Zimonjić won his first French
the seventh slam from Italy in women's tennis. doubles team. Open Men's Doubles title, and
of his career. Nestor won his third slam title in that discipline.
second French
Open Men's
Doubles title, and
the sixth slam title
in that discipline.
French Open 50
Serena Williams Venus Katarina Nenad Zimonjić was part of the

was part of the Williams was Srebotnik was winning mixed doubles team.
winning women's part of the part of the winning Zimonjić won his second French
doubles team. women's mixed doubles Open Mixed Doubles title, and
Serena Williams doubles team. team. Srebotnik the fourth slam title in that
won her second Venus won her third discipline.
French Open Williams won French Open
Women's Doubles her second Mixed Doubles
title, and the French Open title, and the
twelfth title in that Women's fourth slam title in
discipline, which Doubles title, that discipline.
this was the fourth and the twelfth
win in a row in the title in that
women's doubles discipline,
in the slams. She which this was
completed the the fourth win
career women's in a row in the
doubles golden women's
slam for the doubles in the
second time in her slams. She
career. completed the
career women's
doubles golden
slam for the
second time in
her career.
2010 Men's Singles Rafael Nadal Robin Söderling 6–4, 6–2, 6–4
2010 Women's Singles Francesca Schiavone Samantha Stosur 6–4, 7–6(2)
2010 Men's Doubles Daniel Nestor Lukáš Dlouhý 7–5, 6–2

Nenad Zimonjić Leander Paes
2010 Women's Doubles Serena Williams Květa Peschke 6–2, 6–3

Venus Williams Katarina Srebotnik
2010 Mixed Doubles Katarina Srebotnik Yaroslava 4–6, 7–6(5), [11–9]

Nenad Zimonjić Shvedova
Julian Knowle
French Open 51
Records
Record Era Player(s) Num. Years
Men since 1891
Winner of most men's singles Before Max Decugis (French 8 1903, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1912, 1913, 1914
titles 1925: club members only event)
1925-1967: Henri Cochet 4 1926, 1928, 1930, 1932 Note: Also won World Hard Court
Championship in 1922
After 1967: Björn Borg 6 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981
Winner of most consecutive Before Paul Aymé (French club 4 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900
men's singles titles 1925: members only event)
1925-1967: Frank Parker 2 1948, 1949

Jaroslav Drobný 1951, 1952
Tony Trabert 1954, 1955
Nicola Pietrangeli 1959, 1960
After 1967: Björn Borg 4 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981

Rafael Nadal 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
Winner of most men's doubles Before Max Decugis (French 14 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910,
titles 1925: club members only event) 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1920
1925-1967: Roy Emerson 6 1960, 1962 with Neale Fraser; 1961 with Rod Laver; 1963
with Manuel Santana; 1964 with Ken Fletcher; 1965 with
Fred Stolle
After 1967: Paul Haarhuis 3 1995, 1998 with Jacco Eltingh; 2002 with Yevgeny
Yevgeny Kafelnikov Kafelnikov
Leander Paes 1996, 1997 with Daniel Vacek; 2002 with Paul Haarhuis
1999; 2001 with Mahesh Bhupati; 2009 with Lukáš
Dlouhý
Winner of most consecutive Before Max Decugis (French 13 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910,
men's doubles titles 1925: club members only event) 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914
1925-1967: Roy Emerson 6 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965
After 1967: Gene Mayer 2 1978 with Hank Pfister; 1979 with Sandy Mayer
Yevgeny Kafelnikov & 1996, 1997
Daniel Vacek 2005, 2006
Jonas Björkman &
Max Mirnyi
Winner of most mixed doubles Before Max Decugis (French 7 1904, 1905, 1906, 1908, 1909, 1914 and 1920 with
titles – Men 1925: club members only event) Suzanne Lenglen
1925-today: Jean-Claude Barclay 4 1968, 1971, 1973 with Françoise Durr
Winner of most titles (total: Before Max Decugis 29 1902-1920 (8 singles, 14 doubles, 7 mixed)
singles, doubles, mixed) – men 1925:
1925-today: Roy Emerson 8 1960-1967 (2 singles, 6 doubles)
Women since 1897
Winner of most women's Before Suzanne Lenglen 6 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926 Note: Also won
singles titles 1968: World Hard Court Championship in 1914, 1921, 1922 &
1923
After 1967: Chris Evert 7 1974, 1975, 1979, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986
French Open 52
Winner of most consecutive Before Jeanne Matthey 4 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912
women's singles titles 1968: Suzanne Lenglen 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923
After 1967: Monica Seles 3 1990, 1991, 1992

Justine Henin 2005, 2006, 2007
Winner of most women's Before Simone Mathieu 6 1933, 1934 with Elizabeth Ryan; 1936, 1937, 1938 with
doubles titles 1968: Billie Yorke; 1939 with Jadwiga Jędrzejowska
After 1967: / Martina 7 1975 (with Chris Evert); 1982 with Anne Smith; 1984,
Navratilova 1985, 1987, 1988 with Pam Shriver; 1986 with Andrea
Temesvári
Winner of most consecutive Before Françoise Durr 5 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971
women's doubles titles 1968:
After 1967: Martina Navratilova 5 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988 with Pam Shriver; 1986 with
Gigi Fernández Andrea Temesvári
1991 with Jana Novotná; 1992-95 with Natasha Zvereva
Winner of most mixed doubles Before Suzanne Lenglen 7 1914, 1920 with Max Decugis
titles – women 1968: 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926 with Jacques Brugnon
After 1967: Françoise Durr 3 1968, 1971, 1973 with Jean-Claude Barclay
Winner of most titles (total: Before Suzanne Lenglen 15 1919-1926 (6 singles, 2 doubles, 7 mixed)
singles, doubles, mixed) – 1968:
women
After 1967: / Martina 11 1974-88 (2 singles, 7 doubles, 2 mixed)
Navratilova
Miscellaneous
Youngest winner Men: Michael Chang 17 years and 3 months
Women: Monica Seles 16 years and 6 months
Unseeded Winners Men: Marcel Bernard 1946

Mats Wilander 1982
Gustavo Kuerten 1997
Gastón Gaudio 2004
Women: Margaret Scriven 1933
Notes and references

[1] http:/ / www. rolandgarros. com
[2] "Roland Garros - The 2009 French Open - Official Site by IBM" (http:/ / www. rolandgarros. com). . Retrieved 2009-06-05.
[3] Clarey, Christopher (2001-06-30). "Change Seems Essential to Escape Extinction : Wimbledon: World's Most-Loved Dinosaur" (http:/ / web.
archive. org/ web/ 20071016123550/ http:/ / iht. com/ articles/ 2001/ 06/ 30/ a20_16. php). International Herald Tribune. Archived from the
original (http:/ / www. iht. com/ articles/ 2001/ 06/ 30/ a20_16. php) on 2007-10-16. . Retrieved 2007-07-20.
[4] "Day 15 - Press conference with tournament's management" (http:/ / 2007. rolandgarros. com/ en_FR/ news/ interviews/ 2007-06-10/
200706101181479459046. html). rolandgarros.com. 2007-06-10. . Retrieved 2007-08-10.
[5] "Roland Garros: a venue open all year long. Television Coverage" (http:/ / www. fft. fr/ rolandgarros/ default_en. asp?id=2293). ftt.fr. .
[6] Clarey, Christopher (2006-05-26). "In a year of change at Roland Garros, the winners may stay the same" (http:/ / www. iht. com/ articles/
2006/ 05/ 26/ news/ preview. php). International Herald Tribune. . Retrieved 2007-08-08.
[7] "French Open - Countdown: Borg's view on RG" (http:/ / eurosport. yahoo. com/ 22052008/ 58/ french-open-countdown-borg-s-view-rg.
html). Eurosport. 2008-05-22. . Retrieved 2008-05-22.
[8] "Roland Garros: a venue open all year long. Past Winners and Draws" (http:/ / www. fft. fr/ rolandgarros/ default_en. asp?id=1575). ftt.fr. .
[9] "Roland Garros Awards Equal Pay" (http:/ / www. sonyericssonwtatour. com/ 1/ newsroom/ stories/ ?ContentID=1215). WTA Tour.
2007-03-16. . Retrieved 2007-07-20.
[10] "French Open could move away from Roland Garros in Paris" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ sport1/ hi/ tennis/ 8580652. stm). 2007-03-16. .
French Open 53
[11] Mimram Footbridge. Culture Routes (http:/ / www. culture-routes. lu/ php/ fo_index. php?lng=en& dest=bd_ar_det& id=00000051)
[12] The Roland Garros Stadium of the Future. Roland Garros official Web site (http:/ / 2009. rolandgarros. com/ en_FR/ news/ articles/
2009-05-15/ 200905151242378326124. html) Retrieved 2010-08-17.
[13] Martin, John (May 22, 2010). French Officials Consider Relocation Options for the Open. New York Times (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/
2010/ 05/ 23/ sports/ tennis/ 23tennis. html) Retrieved 2010-08-18.
[14] Walker, Randy (June 1, 2010). FRENCH OPEN MAY HAVE TO LEAVE PARIS AND “WATCH TRADITION GROW." World Tennis
Magazine (http:/ / www. worldtennismagazine. com/ archives/ 2398) Retrieved 2010-08-17.
[15] Prize Money (http:/ / www. rolandgarros. com/ en_FR/ about/ prizemoney. html)
External links
• Official Site (http://www.fft.fr/rolandgarros/default_en.asp)
• (French) Roland Garros on France2 (http://roland-garros.france2.fr/)
• (French) Roland Garros on ina.fr : more than 600 hours of audio/visual archives (http://www.ina.fr/
rolandgarros)
• Satellite image of the venue (Google Maps) (http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Paris&ll=48.
846975,2.247401&spn=0.003354,0.010815&t=k&om=0)
• Photos of Roland Garros (http://www.paris-photos.org/roland-garros.php)
• French Open - All winners and runners-up. Reference book (http://www.grandslamhistory.com/index.
• Roland Garros Draws in Rich CSS (http://prateekrungta.com/grandslams/rolandgarros/2010)
Geographical coordinates: 48°50′49.79″N 2°14′57.18″E
Australian Open 54
Australian Open
Australian Open
[1]
Official web
Location Melbourne
Australia
Venue Melbourne Park
Surface Plexicushion Prestige
Men's draw 128S / 128Q / 64D
Women's draw 128S / 96Q / 64D
Prize money [2]

A$23,140,000 (2009)
Grand Slam
• Australian Open
• French Open
• Wimbledon
• US Open
The Australian Open is the first of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments held each year. The tournament is held
in the last fortnight of the month of January at the famous Melbourne Park. The tournament was held for the first
time in 1905 and was last contested on grass in 1987. Since 1988, the tournament has been held on hard courts at
Melbourne Park. Mats Wilander is the only player to win the tournament on both grass and hard courts.
Like all other Grand Slam tournaments, there are men's and women's singles competitions; men's, women's, and
mixed doubles; and junior's, wheelchair, exhibition, and legends' competitions.
The two main courts used in the tournament are Rod Laver Arena and Hisense Arena and feature retractable roofs,
which are shut during rain or extreme heat. The Australian Open and Wimbledon are the only Grand Slam
tournaments with indoor play.
Held in the middle of the Australian summer, the Australian Open can have extremely hot days. An extreme-heat
policy is put into play when temperatures reach dangerous levels.
The Australian Open typically has very high attendance, with the 2010 Australian Open achieving the highest ever
single-day day/night attendance record for any Grand Slam tournament of 77,043 and an overall attendance of
653,860.[3]
In 2008, the Rebound Ace surface, which had been in place for the past 20 years at Melbourne Park, was replaced by
a cushioned, medium-paced,[4] acrylic surface known as Plexicushion Prestige. Roger Federer and Serena Williams
are the only players to win the Australian Open on both Rebound Ace and Plexicushion Prestige. The main benefits
of the new surface are better consistency and less retention of heat because of a thinner top layer. This change was
accompanied by changes in the surfaces of all lead-up tournaments to the Australian Open. The change was
controversial because of the new surface's similarity to DecoTurf, the surface used by the US Open.[5]
The singles winners in 2010 were Federer and Serena Williams. In men's doubles, the winners were Bob and Mike
Bryan, and in women's doubles, the winners were Serena and Venus Williams - the second time in history and the
second consecutive year that both Australian Open doubles titles were won by siblings. In mixed doubles, the
winners were Cara Black and Leander Paes.
Australian Open 55
History
The Australian Open is managed by Tennis Australia, formerly the
Lawn Tennis Association of Australia (LTAA), and was first
played at the Warehouseman's Cricket Ground in Melbourne in
1905. This facility is now known as Albert Reserve Tennis
Centre.[6]
The tournament was first known as the Australasian
Championships and then became the Australian
Championships, in 1927, and the Australian Open in 1969.[7]
Since 1905, the Australian Open has been staged in five Australian
and two New Zealand cities as follows: Melbourne (54 times), Inside Rod Laver arena, prior to an evening session.
Sydney (17 times), Adelaide (14 times), Brisbane (7 times), Perth
(3 times), Christchurch (in 1906), and Hastings (in 1912).[7] In 1972, when it was decided to stage the tournament in
the same city each year, the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club was selected because Melbourne attracted the biggest
patronage.[6] Though started in 1905, the tournament was not designated as being a major championship until 1924,
by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) in a 1923 meeting. The tournament committee changed the
structure of the tournament to include seeding at that time.[8]
Melbourne Park (formerly Flinders Park) was constructed for the 1988 tournament to meet the demands of a
tournament that had outgrown Kooyong's capacity. The move to Melbourne Park was an immediate success, with a
90 per cent increase in attendance in 1988 (266,436) on the previous year at Kooyong (140,000).[9]
Because of its geographic remoteness very few foreign players entered this tournament at the beginning. In the
1920s, the trip by ship from Europe to Australia took about 45 days. The first tennis players who came by aircraft
were the US Davis Cup players in November 1946.[9] Even inside the country, many players could not travel easily.
When the tournament was held in Perth, no one from Victoria or New South Wales crossed by train, a distance of
about 3,000 kilometres between the east and west coasts. In Christchurch in 1906, of a small field of 10 players, only
two Australians attended, and the tournament was won by a New Zealander.[10]
The first tournaments of the Australasian Championships suffered
from the competition of the other Australasian tournaments.
Before 1905, all Australian States and New Zealand had their own
championships, the first organised in 1880 in Melbourne and
called the Championship of the Colony of Victoria (later the
Championship of Victoria).[11] In those years, the best two players
- the Australian Norman Brookes (whose name is now written on
the men's singles cup) and the New Zealander Anthony Wilding -
almost did not play this tournament. Brookes came once and won
Margaret Court Arena at the Australian Open with the
old Rebound Ace surface. Rod Laver Arena, the centre
in 1911, and Wilding entered and won the competition twice (1906
court, in the background. and 1909). Their meetings in the Victorian Championships (or at
Wimbledon) helped to determine the best Australasian players.
Even when the Australasian Championships were held in Hastings, New Zealand, in 1912, Wilding, though three
times Wimbledon champion, did not come back to his home country. It was a recurring problem for all players of the
era. Brookes went to Europe only three times, where he reached the Wimbledon Challenge Round once and then
won Wimbledon twice. Thus, many players had never played the Austral(as)ian amateur or open championships: the
Renshaws, the Dohertys, William Larned, Maurice McLoughlin, Beals Wright, Bill Johnston, Bill Tilden, René
Lacoste, Henri Cochet, Bobby Riggs, Jack Kramer, Ted Schroeder, Pancho Gonzales, Budge Patty, Manuel Santana,
Jan Kodeš and others, while Brookes, Ellsworth Vines, Jaroslav Drobný, Manuel Orantes, Ilie Năstase at 35 years
Australian Open 56
old, and Björn Borg came just once.

Beginning in 1969, when the first Australian Open was held on the Milton Courts at Brisbane, the tournament was
open to all players, including professionals who were not allowed to play the traditional circuit.[12] Nevertheless,
except for the 1969 and 1971 tournaments, many of the best players missed this championship until 1982, because of
the remoteness, the inconvenient dates (around Christmas and New Year's Day), and the low prize money. In 1970,
the National Tennis League, which employed Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, Andrés Gimeno, Pancho Gonzales, Roy
Emerson, and Fred Stolle, prevented its players from entering the tournament because the guarantees were
insufficient, and the tournament was ultimately won by Arthur Ashe.[13]
In 1983, Ivan Lendl, John McEnroe, and Mats Wilander entered the tournament. Wilander won the singles title[14]
and both his Davis Cup singles rubbers in the Swedish loss to Australia at Kooyong shortly after.[15] Following the
1983 Australian Open, the International Tennis Federation prompted the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia to
change the site of the tournament, because the Kooyong stadium was then inappropriate to serve such a big event,
and in 1988 the tournament was first held at Flinders Park (later renamed Melbourne Park) on Rebound Ace.[16]
Before the Melbourne Park stadium era, tournament dates
fluctuated as well, in particular in the early years because of the
climate of each site or exceptional events. For example, the 1919
tournament was held in January 1920 (the 1920 tournament was
played in March) and the 1923 tournament in Brisbane took place
in August when the weather was not too hot and wet. After a first
1977 tournament was held in December 1976 – January 1977, the
organisers chose to move the next tournament forward a few days,
then a second 1977 tournament was played (ended on 31
December), but this failed to attract the best players. From 1982 to
Rod Laver Arena, Melbourne Park, Melbourne. The
1985, the tournament was played in mid-December. Then it was main location of play.
decided to move the next tournament to mid-January (January
1987), which meant there was no tournament in 1986. Since 1987,
the Australian Open date has not changed. However, some top players, including Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal,
have said that the tournament is held too soon after the Christmas and New Year holidays, thus preventing players
from reaching their best form, and expressed a desire to shift it to February.[17]
Another change of venue was proposed in 2008, with New South Wales authorities making clear their desire to bid
for hosting rights to the tournament once Melbourne's contract expires in 2016. The proposed relocation is to Glebe
Island in Sydney. In response, Wayne Kayler-Thomson, the head of the Victorian Events Industry Council, was
adamant that Melbourne should retain the event, and, in a scathing attack of the New South Wales authorities, said,
"It is disappointing that NSW cannot be original and seek their own events instead of trying to cannibalize other
Australian cities." Since the proposal was made, a major redevelopment of Melbourne Park has been announced,
which is expected to run into the hundreds of millions of dollars. Melbourne Park will include upgraded and
increased seating in major venues, a roof over Margaret Court Arena, improved player facilities, a new headquarters
for Tennis Australia, and a partly covered "town square" area featuring large televisions showing current tennis
play.[18] A year later, these plans were largely approved, with the Premier of Victoria John Brumby confirming the
Government's willingness to commit 363 million AUD to complete the renovations, a move which guaranteed there
will be no change of venue until at least beyond 2036.[19]
Australian Open 57
Television coverage
In the United States, the Australian Open is the only Grand Slam that is not covered on network television. In 2010,
both live and taped coverage were televised on ESPN and Tennis Channel. The championship match was seen on
ESPN2. In Australia, Seven Network covers the complete tournament. BBC covers the event in the United Kingdom.
Throughout the rest of the world, the tournament can be seen on Eurosport. The Australian Open is the least
televised Grand Slam because of the large difference of time of Europe and North America from Australia.
Recent attendances
• 2010 - 653,860[20]
• 2009 - 603,160[21]
• 2008 - 605,735[22]
• 2007 - 554,858[23]
• 2006 - 550,550[24]
• 2005 - 543,873[25]
Panorama of Margaret Court Arena during the 2008 Australian Open.
• 2004 - 521,691[24]
Trophies and prize money

Names of the winners are inscribed on the perpetual trophy Cups.
• The women's singles winner is presented with the Daphne Akhurst Memorial Cup.
• The men's singles winner is presented with the Norman Brookes Challenge Cup.
In 2010, the prize money awarded in the men's and women's singles tournaments will be equal and distributed as
follows:[26]
• 1st Round: A$19,500
• 2nd Round: A$31,500
• 3rd Round: A$52,000
• 4th Round: A$89,000
• Quarterfinalists: A$200,000
• Semifinalists: A$400,000
• Runners-up: A$1,050,000
• Winners: A$2,100,000 (approx GBP£1,163,700; approx EUR€1,339,100; approx US$2,105,000)
Champions
Main articles listed by event:
• Men's Singles
• Women's Singles
• Men's Doubles
• Women's Doubles
• Mixed Doubles
• Singles Finals
Australian Open 58
Current champions
Roger Federer Serena Williams is Bob Bryan and his twin brother Mike Bryan and his twin brother
is a four-time the two-time Mike are the two-time defending Bob are the two-time defending
champion after defending women's champions in men's doubles. champions in men's doubles. This
defeating Andy champion after This is the Bryan brothers' fourth is the Bryan brothers' fourth
Murray in the beating Justine Australian Open title and eighth Australian Open title and eighth
final, tying Henin for her fifth Grand Slam title overall in men's Grand Slam title overall in men's
Andre Agassi for career Australian doubles. doubles.
the most titles in Open title and 12th
Australian Open career Grand Slam
history. The 2010 singles title. Her
title was the 16th five titles are the
career Grand most by a woman
Slam victory for in the open era.
him.
Serena Williams and her Venus Williams and her younger Cara Black, part Leander Paes, part of the
older sister Venus are the sister Serena are the two-time of the Mixed Mixed Doubles championship
two-time defending defending women's doubles Doubles team in 2010 for the second
women's doubles champions. The 2010 title was championship time overall at the Australian
champions. The 2010 title the Williams sisters' fourth team in 2010. The Open (he previously won with
was the Williams sisters' Australian Open title in women's win was the fourth Martina Navrátilová in 2003).
fourth Australian Open doubles, and their 11th Grand Mixed Doubles The win was the fifth Mixed
title in women's doubles, Slam title as a team. Grand Slam title Doubles Grand Slam title of his
and their 11th Grand of her career, career.
Slam title as a team. giving her a mixed
doubles career
grand slam.
Australian Open 59
2010 Men's Singles Andy Murray 6–3, 6–4, 7–6(11)

Roger Federer
2010 Women's Singles Serena Williams Justine Henin 6–4, 3–6, 6–2
2010 Men's Doubles Bob Bryan Daniel Nestor 6–3, 6–7(5), 6–3
Mike Bryan Nenad Zimonjić
2010 Women's Doubles Serena Williams Cara Black 6–4, 6–3

Venus Williams Liezel Huber
2010 Mixed Doubles Cara Black Ekaterina 7–5, 6–3

Leander Paes Makarova
Jaroslav Levinský
Records
Unlike the other three Grand Slam tournaments, which became open in 1968, the Australian tournament opened to
professionals in 1969. Thus, the records here break at the 1969 tournament. Citations for these records.[27]
Record Open Era* Player(s) Count Years
Men since 1905
Winner of most Before 1969: Roy Emerson 6 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967
Men's Singles titles
After 1968: Andre Agassi 4 1995, 2000, 2001, 2003
Roger Federer 2004, 2006, 2007, 2010
Winner of most Before 1969: Roy Emerson 5 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967
consecutive
After 1968: Ken Rosewall 2
Men's Singles titles 1971, 1972
Guillermo Vilas 1978, 1979
Johan Kriek 1981, 1982
Mats Wilander 1983, 1984
Stefan Edberg [28]
1985, 1987
Ivan Lendl 1989, 1990
Jim Courier 1992, 1993
Andre Agassi 2000, 2001
Roger Federer 2006, 2007
Winner of most Before 1969: Adrian Quist 10 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949,
Men's Doubles titles 1950
After 1968: Mark Edmondson 4 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984

Bob Bryan 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010
Mike Bryan 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010
Winner of most Before 1969: Adrian Quist 10 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949,
consecutive [29]
1950
Men's Doubles titles
After 1968: Mark Edmondson 2 1980, 1981
Kim Warwick 1980, 1981
Mark Edmondson 1983, 1984
Rick Leach 1988, 1989
Jim Pugh 1988, 1989
Fabrice Santoro 2003, 2004
Michaël Llodra 2003, 2004
Bob Bryan 2006, 2007; 2009, 2010
Mike Bryan 2006, 2007; 2009, 2010
Australian Open 60
Winner of most Before 1969: Harry Hopman 4 1930, 1936, 1937, 1939
Mixed Doubles titles - Colin Long 1940, 1946, 1947, 1948
Men
After 1968: Jim Pugh 3 1988, 1989, 1990
Winner of most Before 1969: Adrian Quist 13 1936-1950 (3 singles, 10 men's doubles, 0 mixed doubles)
Championships (total:
After 1968: Mark Edmondson 5 1976-1984 (1 singles, 4 men's doubles)
singles, men's doubles,
Jim Pugh 1988-1990 (2 men's doubles, 3 mixed doubles)
mixed doubles) - Men
Rick Leach 1988-2000 (3 men's doubles, 2 mixed doubles)
Women since 1922
Winner of most Before 1969: Margaret Court 7 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966
Women's Singles titles
After 1968: Serena Williams 5 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010
Winner of most
Before 1969: Margaret Court 7 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966
consecutive
Women's Singles titles After 1968: Margaret Court 3 1969, 1970, 1971
Evonne Goolagong 1974, 1975, 1976
Cawley 1988, 1989, 1990
Steffi Graf 1991, 1992, 1993
/ / Monica 1997, 1998, 1999
Seles
Martina Hingis
Winner of most
Before 1969: Thelma Coyne Long 12 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951,
1952, 1956, 1958
After 1968: Martina Navrátilová 8 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989
Winner of most
Before 1969: Thelma Coyne Long 5 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940
consecutive
Nancye Wynne Bolton 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940
After 1968: Martina Navrátilová 7 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989
Pam Shriver 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989
Winner of most Before 1969: Daphne Akhurst 4 1924, 1925, 1928, 1929
Mixed Doubles titles - Cozens 1930, 1936, 1937, 1939
Women Nell Hall Hopman 1940, 1946, 1947, 1948
Nancye Wynne Bolton 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955
Thelma Coyne Long
After 1968: Jana Novotná 2 1988, 1989

Larisa Savchenko 1994, 1996
Neiland
Winner of most Before 1969: Nancye Wynne Bolton 20 1936-1952 (6 singles, 10 women's doubles, 4 mixed
Championships (total: doubles)
singles, women's
doubles, After 1968: Martina Navrátilová 12 1980-2003 (3 singles, 8 women's doubles, 1 mixed
mixed doubles) - doubles)
Women
Miscellaneous
Youngest winner Men's singles: Ken Rosewall 18 years and 2 months (1953)
Men's doubles: Lew Hoad 18 years and 2 months (1953)
Women's doubles: Mirjana Lučić 15 years and 10 months (1998)
Women's singles: 16 years and 4 months (1997)

Martina Hingis
Australian Open 61
Oldest winner Men's singles: Ken Rosewall 37 years and 8 months (1972)
Men's doubles: Norman Brookes 46 years and 2 months (1924)
Women's doubles: Thelma Coyne Long 37 years and 7 months (1956)
Women's singles: Thelma Coyne Long 35 years and 8 months (1954)
Mixed doubles Horace Rice 52 years (1923)

(men):
Mixed doubles Martina Navratilova 46 years and 3 months (2003)

(women):
References
[1] http:/ / www. australianopen. com/
[2] "Pay increase for AO winners" (http:/ / www. australianopen. com/ en_AU/ news/ articles/ 2009-01-11/ 200901111231620819062. html).
Australian Open. 11 January 2009. . Retrieved 2009-01-17.
[3] The Final Word: Australian Open 2010 (http:/ / www. atpworldtour. com/ News/ Tennis/ 2010/ 01/ 4th-Week/
Australian-Open-Final-Word-Statistics. aspx)
[4] List of Classified Court Surfaces (http:/ / www. itftennis. com/ technical/ equipment/ courts/ courtlist. asp)
[5] Tennis court surfacer serves up two major deals (http:/ / boston. bizjournals. com/ boston/ stories/ 2008/ 01/ 28/ story7. html)
[6] "Australian Tennis Open History" (http:/ / www. jazzsports. com/ tennis-odds-grand-slam-events/ australian-open-tennis-odds/
australian-open-tennis-history. php). Jazzsports. . Retrieved 2008-01-22.
[7] Tristan Foenander. "History of the Australian Open – the Grand Slam of Asia/Pacific" (http:/ / www. australianopen. com/ en_AU/
event_guide/ history. html). Australian Open. . Retrieved 2008-01-22.
[8] Unknown (9 November 1923). "Australasian Championships" (http:/ / trove. nla. gov. au/ ndp/ del/ article/ 16104993?searchTerm=Tennis).
The Sydney Morning Herald. . Retrieved 2010-07-19.
[9] Frank Cook (14 February 2008). "Open began as Aussie closed shop" (http:/ / www. news. com. au/ dailytelegraph/ story/
0,22049,23049738-5015682,00. html). The Daily Telegraph (news.com.au). . Retrieved 2008-01-22.
[10] "Anthony Frederick Wilding "Tony"" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070930182502/ http:/ / www. tennisfame. com/ famer.
aspx?pgID=867& hof_id=100). International Tennis Hall of Fame. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. tennisfame. com/ famer.
aspx?pgID=867& hof_id=100) on September 30, 2007. . Retrieved 2008-02-01.
[11] "History of Tennis - From humble beginnings" (http:/ / www. tennis. com. au/ pages/ default. aspx?id=21& pageId=878). Tennis Australia. .
[12] "Milton Tennis Centre" (http:/ / www. austadiums. com/ stadiums/ special/ milton. php). Australian Stadiums. . Retrieved 2008-01-25.
[13] Nikki Tugwell (14 January 2008). "Hewitt chases amazing slam win" (http:/ / www. news. com. au/ dailytelegraph/ story/
0,22049,23047855-5001023,00. html). The Daily Telegraph (news.com.au). . Retrieved 2008-01-25.
[14] Alan Trengove. "Australian Open 1983" (http:/ / www. wilandertribute. com/ 22. html). wilandertribute.com. . Retrieved 2008-02-19.
[15] "World Group 1983 Final" (http:/ / www. daviscup. com/ en/ results/ tie/ details. aspx?tieId=10000700). Davis Cup. . Retrieved 2008-02-19.
[16] "Rebound Ace under review" (http:/ / www. news. com. au/ dailytelegraph/ story/ 0,22049,21131668-5001023,00. html). The Daily
Telegraph (news.com.au). 29 January 2007. . Retrieved 2008-02-19.
[17] Schlink, Leo (2009-01-17). "Rafael Nadal keen to call time on early slam" (http:/ / www. news. com. au/ heraldsun/ story/
0,21985,24922806-3162,00. html). Herald Sun. . Retrieved 2009-09-18.
[18] "Brumby Government announces Melbourne Park redevelopment" (http:/ / www. news. com. au/ heraldsun/ story/
0,21985,24964166-661,00. html). Herald Sun. 2009-01-26. . Retrieved 2009-04-22.
[19] http:/ / www. australianopen. com/ en_AU/ news/ articles/ 2010-01-19/ 201001191263860753359. html?fpos=r2
[20] "Federer wins fourth Australian Open, 16th major singles title" (http:/ / www. atpworldtour. com/ News/ Tennis/ 2010/ 01/ 4th-Week/
Australian-Open-Sunday2-Federer-Takes-Fourth-Australian-Open-Title. aspx). 31 January 2010. . Retrieved 2010-03-07.
[21] Australian Open 2009 - the final word (http:/ / www. australianopen. com/ en_AU/ news/ articles/ 2009-02-01/ 200902011233445687609.
html)
[22] "The Australian Open - History of Attendance" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070905123308/ http:/ / www. australianopen. com/
en_AU/ event_guide/ attendance_history. pdf) (PDF). Australian Open. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. australianopen. com/
en_AU/ event_guide/ attendance_history. pdf) on September 5, 2007. . Retrieved 2008-01-30.
[23] "AO 2007: The Final Word" (http:/ / www. tennisaustralia. com. au/ pages/ News. aspx?id=4& pageId=11478& HandlerId=2&
archive=false& newsid=2696). Tennis Australia. . Retrieved 2008-01-25.
[24] Australian Open Tennis Attendance History (http:/ / www. altiusdirectory. com/ Sports/ australian-open-tennis-attendance-history. html) —
Altius Directory
Australian Open 62
[25] "Safin credits Lundgren for resurgence" (http:/ / sportsillustrated. cnn. com/ 2005/ tennis/ specials/ australian_open/ 2005/ 01/ 30/ notebook.
sunday. ap/ ). Sports Illustrated (CNN). 30 January 2005. . Retrieved 2008-01-25.
[26] "Prize Money" (http:/ / www. australianopen. com/ en_AU/ event_guide/ prize_money. html). AustralianOpen.com. . Retrieved 2010-01-26.
[27] "Australian History and Records" (http:/ / www. tennistours. com/ event_pages/ australian/ history. asp). TennisTours.com. . Retrieved
2009-01-17.
[28] In 1986 there was no Australian Open held
[29] From 1941 through 1945, no Australian Championships were held because of World War II
External links
• Official Site (http://www.australianopen.com/)
• Tennis Australia website (http://www.tennisaustralia.com.au/)
• Australian Open Tennis (http://www.tennisstreamtv.com/)
• Satellite image of the venue (Google Maps) (http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&
geocode=&q=Rod+Laver+Arena,+Melbourne+Park,+Melbourne,+Australia&sll=-37.825853,144.982152&
sspn=0.022034,0.038624&ie=UTF8&t=k&z=16)
• Australian Open - All winners and runners-up. Reference book (http://www.grandslamhistory.com/index.
Geographical coordinates: 37°49′18″S 144°58′42″E
Article Sources and Contributors

History of tennis Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=405706042 Contributors: 10isfan, A18919, Aaroncrick, Alan012, Anghy, Angusmclellan, Anirishwoman, Anonymous
Dissident, Anythingyouwant, Arielo, Armbrust, Aspects, Attilios, Balloonguy, Barneca, BarretBonden, Bigtennisnut, Bo99, Bobo192, Boing! said Zebedee, Bomat37, Capricorn42, Carlo Colussi,
Cinomancaca, Colonies Chris, Courcelles, Dac04, DagErlingSmørgrav, Dale Arnett, DarkFalls, Deinocheirus, DrFrench, Editor1812, Einar Ragnarsson, Emiwee, Empirecontact, Epbr123,
Epeefleche, Eric-Wester, Erik Kennedy, Eubulides, Extraordinary, Faithlessthewonderboy, Falloutgirl15, Gobonobo, Gofreedom, GoldenGoose100, Grant.Alpaugh, Gwguffey, GwynnBD,
Hmains, Jauerback, JeanColumbia, Jevansen, JimmyGuano, Jj137, JohnDoe0007, Johnschneider7, Jpvinall, Jrgilb, Katieh5584, Kelovy, LOL, Lamjus, Levineps, Lfstevens, LilHelpa, Lradrama,
Maestrosync, Maniadis, Manicstpreacher2003, Manitobamountie, Maxis ftw, Mayumashu, Melsaran, Mgiganteus1, Mild Bill Hiccup, Mjquinn id, Moondyne, Mygerardromance, Ospalh, Patrick
Neylan, Paul Magnussen, Pawebster, PrimeHunter, RCRC, Rich Farmbrough, Rooneykedar, Ross Burgess, Rothorpe, Scotwriter, Seattle Skier, Smalljim, Sole Soul, Sulejman, TFCforever,
Tabletop, Tassedethe, Tennis expert, The Thing That Should Not Be, TheJordache, Thedemonhog, Thomas0032, Timneu22, Tony1, Ulric1313, Vanjagenije, Ventur, Vicric4, WaveRunner85,
Wikisaver62, Woohookitty, Yachtsman1, YellowMonkey, Yohan euan o4, 169 anonymous edits
Real tennis Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=406041908 Contributors: 2tuntony, Acad Ronin, Alan Liefting, Andre Engels, Backslash Forwardslash, Baothai98, Beallthere,
BigHaz, BillFlis, Bjankuloski06en, BlueLotusLK, Bo99, Bobo192, Bornintheguz, BozMo, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, CapitalR, Cezhan, Chris G, Ciaranj, CommonsDelinker, Da monster
under your bed, DanPope, David Latapie, DeCaux, DerHexer, Dina, Djdaedalus, Dmmaus, Doma-w, Donfbreed, Dr. Blofeld, Drkeithphd, Dssimmons, Duncan, EdH, Edgar181, Enquire,
Eoghanacht, Epbr123, Ericamick, Ericl234, Error, Esperant, Everyking, Evil Monkey, Explicit, Fabartus, Flashpoint2589, Folksy, Frostigt, Gail, Gpeilon, Gregbard, GregorB, Hmains, Hut 8.5,
Jack Merridew, JamesMLane, Jaminoz, JerryFriedman, Jj137, Jlivewell, Joelster, Jojo toon, KGasso, Kwertii, Lacrimosus, Lancevortex, Laurens-af, Liamcrouse1, Lightmouse, Luwilt, MER-C,
MTulius, Madapaka, Matthead, Mattman723, Mauls, Mayumashu, Mboverload, Mdotley, Micnl, Monkeyblue, MrCheshire, Natalia yusseem, Nlu, Notheruser, Odin of Trondheim, Oknazevad,
Olivier, Orrelly Man, PJTraill, Pegship, Perebourne, Pgan002, Plastikspork, Prosfilaes, Quicksilvre, RexNL, RickK, Robert Brockway, Robg37, Rosicrux, SE7, SJP, SMcCandlish, Sabri76,
Sbooker, Scirocco6, Scotwriter, Sfahey, Shirt58, Shoeofdeath, Soleado, Sonicwav, Spatch, Squideshi, Tegrenath, Tennis northeast, The Founders Intent, The Thing That Should Not Be, The
Transhumanist, Thehornet, Thejerm, Thumperward, Timwi, Tom Hartley, Trident13, TubularWorld, Twestm01, Tyger27, Van Dieman, Vargenau, Wangi, Wikipelli, Wobble, Wolfrock,
Yamaguchi先生, Zhou Yu, 242 anonymous edits
The Championships, Wimbledon Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=405948559 Contributors: -m-i-k-e-y-, A.K.A.47, A3RO, ARC Gritt, Aadal, Aaroncrick, Abu badali,
Adam Carr, AdamPLawrence, Adonai23541, Adrian Robson, Aeltc, Afkatk, After Midnight, Afterwriting, Agbdavis, Ahoerstemeier, Ajn91, Alai, Alansohn, Alba, Albert Lee1, Aleksmot,
AlexAhern, Allie cabab, Almightyuk, Amberrock, Andy M. Wang, Andycjp, Andycluster, AngelOfSadness, Anrie, Anthony Bradbury, Anthony fenardbean, April Regina, Aquarelle, Ar558,
Aree, Armbrust, Astrotrain, Atulck, Aubergine, Autodidactyl, Avala, Avia, AxG, B1blancer, Baldboris99, Baothai98, Bardya, Barndawgie, Barts1a, Bearingbreaker92, Belovedfreak, Bhujle87,
Bigjimr, Bigturnip, Binks, Blehfu, Bluedogtn, Bo99, Bob schwartz, Bobo192, Bona Fides, Bongwarrior, Brideshead, Bsd987, Btline, Bwithh, Byorgey, Caiaffa, Can't sleep, clown will eat me,
Cangelis, Cantus, Captain Courageous, Carlesmarx, Catgut, Cdgval, Cferrero, Charolastra charolo, CheekyMonkey, ChicosBailBonds, Chris the speller, ChrisP2K5, CieloEstrellado, Ckessler,
Clavecin, Closedmouth, Cocytus, Colonies Chris, Conscious, Convex hull, Corne006, Cousteau69, CredoFromStart, Crimperman, CryptoDerk, D6, Dale Arnett, Damian Yerrick, Daniel Montin,
Dantheox, Darklock, Davemackey, David English, David Newton, Davidbod, Dawn Bard, Dcljr, DeadEyeArrow, Dencod16, Devatipan, Dhruvhemmady, Dickclarkfan1, Discospinster, Djbrewer,
DoubleBlue, Drc79, Drew alan99, Duncharris, Dutchluck, EWikist, Elf, Elroch, Enchanter, Envious5, Eoghanacht, Eran of Arcadia, Eranb, Ericamick, Ericoides, Escape Orbit, Estel, Evil Eye,
Exert, Extraordinary, Faradayplank, Felix Folio Secundus, FlamingSilmaril, Flowerparty, Fonzy, Fryede, Fyunck(click), GM11, Gabbe, Gamaliel, Gareth E Kegg, Gareth Owen, Garzo, Geach,
Gilliam, Gmackematix, Godefroy, GoldenGoose100, Goran.S2, GrahamHardy, Greg Grahame, Grim23, Grunners, Gsingh, Gökhan, H51773, Hadderz101, Haggis, Halmstad, Happy-hank, Harry
R, Harryboyles, Hayabusa future, He Xin Ren, Heathy2k7, Hesky10, Hhst, Honbicot, Horologium, Howard the Duck, Iam4Lost, Illuminattile, Inquisitus, Interwal, Iptaylor, Irapthor, Irfan5,
Iridescent, IrishTV, It Is Me Here, JNW, JT72, JackofOz, Jacques Delson, Jairuscobb, Jake the Editor Man, James26, Jasonauk, Jastein, Jatrius, Jay, Jeff G., Jelchie, JillandJack, Jim Michael,
Jnestorius, JoToEsq, Joe Canuck, JohnCD, Jojhutton, Jokes Free4Me, Jons63, Jordenw919, Jpbowen, Jules7484, Jusdafax, Jwalter, Kaakapi, Kalmenius, Kanabekobaton, Karenakarson, Kaypoh,
Kbthompson, Kcs32787, Kedarus, Kent Wang, Kevinskogg, Kidburla, Kingturtle, Kitch, Kiwidude, KnowIG, Knowsitallnot, Kov 93, Koyn, Kshivakumar123, Kuru, KuwarOnline, LOL,
Lambertman, Lancevortex, Lando Calrissian, Leaky caldron, LeedsKing, Leeswoo00, Levineps, Lewiswebb, Lhman12, Libbydub, Libor Pacovský, Likelkdgj, Lindsay123, Linkinpark890,
Lizzysama, Logloader7, Looxix, Lord Emsworth, Loveneo89, Lowellian, Lucy-marie, Luis51792, Lupin, Lynchy295, Läski69, M.C., MBK004, MKoltnow, MRSC, Makaristos, Malepheasant,
Malleus Fatuorum, Mark J, Marshcmb, Martinevans123, Materialscientist, Mattbuck, Matthewmayer, Mayumashu, Mcli7kg2, Mcntho, Mephistophelian, Mervyn, Mgiganteus1, MickMacNee,
Miocene, Mjquinn id, Mltinus, Mm40, Molinari, Moondyne, MorganaFiolett, Mormegil, Moseeki, Mouselmm, Moverton, Mr Stephen, MrWoot, Mrblogs, Mschlindwein, Msw1002, Munchsack,
Mårten Berglund, Nader85021, Namesisfortombstonesbaby, Neilc, New World Man, NewZ, Ngckmax, NicolasJz, Nonagonal Spider, Nonantum, NotYouHaha, Npbhanu, Nspicar, Numbo3,
Oconnell usa, Odd bloke, Ohconfucius, Olz06, Omgosh30, Ordinary Person, Oriana Naso, Oskydaman, Ossory, Ozzieboy, PCRAWF, PFHLai, PPerviz, Parklands cobbler, Patssox38, Paul
Magnussen, Paul haynes, Paul1337, Payo, Pcpcpc, PeterAKer, Pfctdayelise, PhilKnight, Phoenix2, PizzaBox, PizzaMan, Plutonium27, PrimeHunter, Prokhorovka, Puchiko, Pumukli, Quantpole,
Queerbubbles, Quicksilvre, Qwfp, R013, RFBailey, Raisenmonger, Rambo's Revenge, Rat Splat, Raymond Cruise, Rbwik, Rchurchward, Recognizance, RedKiteUK, Redwolf24, Reorion,
RexNL, Rezemuhan, Rich Farmbrough, Richard Rundle, Ricjl, Rkstafford, Rmhermen, RobertG, RobertJClark, Robina Fox, Robpomeroy, Ronhjones, Rothorpe, Rst20xx, Ruy Pugliesi,
RyanJansse, Ryoung122, S4mbezza36, SGBailey, Saranghae honey, Scarian, Sceptre, SchfiftyThree, Sebross, Seth Whales, Severo, Shakehandsman, Shocking Blue, Shumway, SilkTork,
Simon1223hk, SimonP, Sims2aholic8, SirFozzie, Sjorford, Skinnyweed, Skor, Skywise Wolfrider, Slakr, Smilingsuzy, Smjg, Snigbrook, SnowSuitUp, Snowdog, SoLando, SpaceFlight89,
Sporter721, SportsMaster, Spyder Monkey, Squirrel684, Srose, St.themill, Stephanwehner, Stevo1000, Stevouk, Stwalkerster, Stymphal, Suzey, TKLM, TMC1982, TW-RF, Tacrolimus,
Tagishsimon, Tambora1815, Tassedethe, Tennis expert, TennisAuthority, Tennisopen, ThatsGrand, The Rambling Man, The Thing That Should Not Be, The life of cyn, Thiefinni,
Thomas2000100, Tiddly Tom, Timneu22, Timwi, TomGreen, Tommy2010, Tony1, Toon05, Torqueing, Tracer bullet, TravisTX, TreasuryTag, Ukexpat, Ultimus, Uncle Scrooge, Unyoyega,
Upquark, Usergreatpower, Uw badgers, Vanjagenije, Vera, Chuck & Dave, Victim Of Fate, Vina, Vodkamad, W2ch00, Warhammer830, WereSpielChequers, White Ink09, Whkoh, Wigfred,
Wimbledon1962, Wjemather, Wolbo, Wolfrock, Wturrell, Xtzou, Yamamoto Ichiro, Yasiriqbal04, YeshuaDavid, Yohan euan o4, Youngeoin, Yoursvivek, Ywmpq205, Zaxem, Zebedeewinton,
ZephyrAnycon, Zondi, Zuiver jo, Zzyzx11, せいきょういく, 1190 anonymous edits
US Open (tennis) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=405881152 Contributors: 10isfan, 11woodlands, 1991chan, A p3rson, AB-me, Aboomarg, Abu badali, Acather96, Adam
Conover, Adrian.benko, Ads yo, Aethir, Afkatk, Aircorn, Alansohn, Alexisrael, Algomor3, Allied45, Allmightyduck, Amakuru, Andy Marchbanks, Anirishwoman, Ankit jn, Anthony Appleyard,
Apple2, ArielGold, Armbrust, Arteyu, Asc85, Atalanta86, Atarr, AxG, Azer Red, BRG, Badb0i87, Baileylo, Baothai98, Barabum, BasilRazi, Betterusername, Beyond My Ken, BhishmaL,
BillFlis, Bloom6132, Bluedogtn, Blueice544, Bo99, Bobo192, Bongwarrior, Bopper93, Brf00, Bruce89, C.Fred, Calltech, Cantus, Carlosforonda, Chagousa, ChicosBailBonds, Chidel,
ChrisP2K5, Cleared as filed, Colonies Chris, Courcelles, Coyets, CrashTestSmartie, DCman, DMG413, Dale Arnett, Damian Yerrick, DanKeshet, Dbaron, Dcandeto, Deltabeignet, DerHexer,
Dickclarkfan1, Djln, Don Lope, DraQue Star, Ed Fitzgerald, Edcolins, Eeblet, Eeekster, Elf, Elipongo, Envious5, Eoghanacht, Erudy, Erynne Lasgalen, Federeris, Fernando Alejandro Nadal,
Fleminra, Frór, Funkydot, Fyunck(click), Gdarin, Gimbrinel, Glacier109, Goran.S2, HJensen, Hadal, Hayabusa future, Hede2000, Hemanshu, Hephaestos, Hhst, Iam4Lost, Igorima, Imnotminkus,
Iridescent, Ivegota10inchgland, Jacques Delson, Jahiegel, Jamcib, JamesAM, Jared Hunt, Jay, Jeepday, Jeronimo, JesseGarrett, JillandJack, Jnestorius, Joe Canuck, Joe Kress, JohnDoe0007,
Julescubtree, Juliancolton, JustSomeRandomGuy32, Jweiss11, Jwolfe, KSA13, Kablammo, Kanabekobaton, Karwall, Kernitou, Kevinbrogers, Khan singh, KingdomHearts25, Kov 93,
KrakatoaKatie, Ksnow, Ksrsarathchandra, Lafuzion, Lannyshen, Leeswoo00, Levineps, Lihaas, Lingust, Lisabosemcd, Lord Emsworth, M.C., MBK004, MKoltnow, MacLeod-I, Martinman11,
Matias CedelU, Mayumashu, Mgiganteus1, Miami33139, Mic, Mirakhur, Mjquinn id, Moondyne, Mschlindwein, Mtmelendez, Muhandes, Multiplayer, NWill, Nader85021, Natalia yusseem,
NerdyScienceDude, NewZ, Nguyenductoan1310, Nick C, O wingless o, Oo7jeep, Osantaella, Osomec, Otwguy, PL Alvarez, PRRfan, Paralympic, Paul Magnussen, Persian Poet Gal, Pfalstad,
Phrjdm, Pinkadelica, PrimeHunter, Pschemp, Pvfrance, Raptorf14, Ravichandar84, Redux, RexNL, Rich Farmbrough, Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ), Richiekim, Rick 50000, Riker666, Rillian,
Roehl Sybing, Rofl, Rossumcapek, Rst20xx, RyanJansse, Sabiopelotas, SalemSabertooth, Sauceyboy, Scineram, Showanai, Sims2aholic8, Skaizun, Skor, Smackfu, Smickysmicker, Snowdog,
SoWhy, Sporti, Spyder Monkey, Squash Racket, Station1, TKLM, TPIRman, TW-RF, Tarper, Tassedethe, Tc61380, Teh tennisman, Template namespace initialisation script, TenPoundHammer,
Tennis expert, TennisAuthority, Tennisopen, Tennisuser123, The Rambling Man, The Thing That Should Not Be, TheLou75, TheSuave, TheTallOne, Thenoflyzone, Theone00,
ThomasAndrewNimmo, Tide rolls, Timneu22, Tommylommykins, Tony1, Townlake, TravKoolBreeze, Trusilver, Ttwaring, Uncle Scrooge, Uncsports, Valenciano, WTer, Walli14, Weluvujoe,
Wizardman, Wjemather, WojPob, Wolbo, Wolfrock, Woohookitty, Xtv, Yellowdesk, Yohan euan o4, Yoursvivek, Zanimum, Zenohockey, Zimbabweed, Zoe, Zzyzx11, 610 anonymous edits
French Open Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=405906086 Contributors: 205ywmpq, 5 albert square, AJCham, Aboutmovies, Adammikhail, Afkatk, After Midnight,
Ahoerstemeier, Alexf, Alva9311, Aquarelle, Atarr, Autodidactyl, Avillia, BRFrank, Bebopnjazz, Bluedogtn, Boddefan2009, Bona Fides, Borg2008, Break Back, Bremen, Bsd987, CBDunkerson,
Cantus, Carina22, Catgut, Ceranthor, Chipoe, ChrisP2K5, Cmr08, Colonies Chris, Dale Arnett, Damon Mah, Daniel Toth, Dantheox, DaveOinSF, DerHexer, Derek Ross, Disgusted of Tunbridge
Wells, Djln, DoctorJoeE, Don Lope, Dr. Blofeld, Dr. Submillimeter, Dumelow, Dwo, Edcolins, Elerium, Elf, Epbr123, Evanreyes, FJM, Federeris, Fjmustak, Furdee, Fyunck(click), Gail, Gdarin,
Gilliam, Gonioul, Goran.S2, Guaca, Gujuguy, HJensen, Hallpriest9, Hanskarlperez, Hayabusa future, Hede2000, Helldjinn, Hephaestos, Herve661, Hhst, Hvn0413, Iam4Lost, Ilse@, Inmho,
Inter, Ipintza, Ipsherman, JaGa, Jacques Delson, Jam2005, Japanscot, Jaraalbe, Jay, Jeff kuta, JillandJack, Joe Canuck, Joe Kress, JohnClarknew, JohnDoe0007, Jordiferrer, Kaaveh Ahangar,
Kanabekobaton, Kedarus, Korg, Kov 93, LOL, Lee2008, Leuko, Lhman12, Libor Pacovský, Lionel Elie Mamane, Looxix, Lovejasmine, M.C., MBK004, Malepheasant, Mangojuice, Marco79,
Mayumashu, Mic, Mild Bill Hiccup, Mjquinn id, Moondyne, Mr Hall of England, MrOllie, MrTree, Mrmarble, Mschlindwein, NMChico24, NWill, Nader85021, New World Man, NewZ,
Ngckmax, Nickshanks, Night Time, Notheruser, O wingless o, OSmeone, Oli2140, Osomec, Panthers08, Paralympiakos, Paulinho28, PeterSymonds, Pinethicket, President Evil Zero, Proofreader
here, Qst, RCRC, RFBailey, RG104, RedClaw42, Reedy, Retired username, RexNL, Rezemuhan, Rich Farmbrough, Ricjl, Ripero, Rjwilmsi, Rst20xx, Ryoung122, SAugsburger,
SalemSabertooth, Scipius, Shanesimms, Shaunnol, SimonP, Skor, Snowdog, Soquette, Sporti, Spyder Monkey, Squash Racket, Striving4, Strum that guitar, Stymphal, Sullivan9211, TMC1982,
TW-RF, Tancrede, Tassedethe, Template namespace initialisation script, Tennis expert, TennisAuthority, Tennisopen, Tennisuser123, The Rambling Man, Thomas Arelatensis, Threepehr,
Timneu22, Tmartin prof, Tony1, Universe=atom, Vanjagenije, Wayne Slam, Werdan7, West Brom 4ever, Whkoh, Wikipelli, Wirbelwind, Wjemather, Xyzzyva, Yohan euan o4, Youngeoin,
Yusnasnis123, Zaxem, ZooFari, Zzyzx11, 483 anonymous edits
Australian Open Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=405447831 Contributors: 1991chan, 3mta3, Aaroncrick, Abu badali, Aditi2121998, Adrian.benko, Afkatk, After Midnight,
Afterwriting, Agnte, Aldie, Algomor2, All13d, Allyrosa, Alpalfour, Amakuru, AnOddName, Andre Engels, Andrwsc, Armbrust, Arteyu, Atarr, Attilios, Bhumikak, Bluedogtn, Bo99, Bobblewik,
BorisG, Bouncing Kangeroo, Bradles 01, Breno, Bruce89, Bs88, Btball, Cactus Wren, Canley, Cantus, Capricorn42, Captain Courageous, Carlo Colussi, Caspian blue, Cassan, Catgut, Chagousa,
Chensiyuan, Chuq, Codingmasters, Colonies Chris, Cricketwinger, Cuddy Wifter, Cutter, DMG413, Da rulz07, Dale Arnett, Dale101usa, Damon Mah, Danbonsai, Dantheox, Darijoe, DarkFalls,
Davinci34, Dbhikadiya, Denidowi, Desertsky85451, Dickclarkfan1, Dj fishy, Dmccarty, Dmn, Doublea, Easel3, Ed Fitzgerald, Edelmand, Edgecliff89, El C, Elf, Elfuzzo, Elprez1, Erudy, Eug,
Fat Red, Feudonym, Fjmustak, Fobcrap, Fudgearama, Fui in terra aliena, Gdarin, Giggy, Goran.S2, Gpasqualicchio, Grant65, Greenov6mber, Hayabusa future, Hede2000, Helldjinn, Hemanshu,
Hephaestos, Hhst, HiLo48, Iam4Lost, Indon, IngFrancesco, Ipigott, IsidoreR, Jacques Delson, Jairuscobb, Jay, Jdjerich, Jevansen, Jhjh2000, Jkbinay, Jlevac, Joe Canuck, Joey80, John wesley,
Johnchiu, Jojhutton, Ju66l3r, Kanabekobaton, Kanags, Kastandlee, Kbdank71, Keeper76, Kingpin13, KnowIG, Koala72, Koalabear3, Korg, Kov 93, Kyou, LeaveSleaves, Lemuel Caution,
Levineps, Lightmouse, Lord Emsworth, Lovelystuff, M.C., M.Pear, MBK004, Mansoorpervaiz, Matt Adore, Matthew kokai, Mayumashu, Maza1987, McSly, Michael Devore, Michael Johnson,
Millerlc3, Mitsuhirato, Mjager, Mjquinn id, Moondyne, MoondyneAWB, MoxyP, MrVibrating, Mrf8128, Mrfoolproof, Ms2ger, Mschlindwein, NWill, Nesbitt60, NewZ, Nguyenductoan1310,
Nick C, NouvelleAuteur, O wingless o, OSX, Orangemike, Ordinary Person, Osomec, Owen, Oxford St., Paralympic, Patken4, Paulytlws, Pcpcpc, Peter Ellis, Peter Greenwell, Philip Trueman,
Pinar, Pizza Pops, Plasticspork, PrimeHunter, Puffy25, Quibik, RCRC, Rawling, RedClaw42, Redda2, Redux, RexNL, Rg030, Rich Farmbrough, Rjwilmsi, Robert Merkel, Rocketrod1960,
Rogerthat, RossPatterson, Rst20xx, SQL, ScottMHoward, Searobber, Shymian, SimonP, Siroxo, Skor, SkyWalker, Skyscraper297, Snowdog, Spartaz, Sporti, Spyder Monkey, Stay cool,
Stepheng3, Stereotek, Striving4, SupaStarGirl, TKLM, TW-RF, Tankman182, Tanweer Morshed, Tassedethe, Template namespace initialisation script, Tennis expert, Tennis ski live12,
TennisAuthority, TennisGrandSlam, Tennisdotcom, Tennisopen, The Rambling Man, The Thing That Should Not Be, The-Pope, Thehelpinghand, Timneu22, Tlim7882, Toasteregg, Tony1,
Trashtv, Trist.tlc.123, Twinsfan133, Vercillo, VernoWhitney, Vorogue, Whkoh, WikiDon, Wimstead, Witty lama, Wjemather, Wolbo, Yohan euan o4, Yonex rdis100, Yoursvivek, Zimbabweed,
Zntrip, Zondor, Zzyzx11, 353 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

Image:Jeu de paume.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jeu_de_paume.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: AndreasPraefcke, Juiced lemon, Olivier2
Image:Real-tennis-rackets-balls.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Real-tennis-rackets-balls.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors:
Eoghanacht, Nicke L, StefanB
Image:Tennis birthplace Edgbaston.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tennis_birthplace_Edgbaston.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0
Contributors: JimmyGuano
Image:1896 Olympic tennis.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:1896_Olympic_tennis.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: B3t, Euroman3, Jonel, Spyder
Monkey, Voyager
Image:Jesmond-Dene-tennis-court.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jesmond-Dene-tennis-court.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors:
Horacio Gomes
Image:Falkland-Palace-tennis-court.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Falkland-Palace-tennis-court.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors:
Horacio Gomes
File:Wim_tennis.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wim_tennis.svg License: unknown Contributors: User:Ngckmax
File:Flag of Australia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Australia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Ian Fieggen
File:Flag of France.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_France.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp, User:SKopp, User:SKopp, User:SKopp,
User:SKopp, User:SKopp
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Zscout370
File:Flag of the United States.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Dbenbenn,
User:Indolences, User:Jacobolus, User:Technion, User:Zscout370
File:Tennisball current event.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tennisball_current_event.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Ngckmax
File:Wimbledon Grojean 2004 RJL.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wimbledon_Grojean_2004_RJL.JPG License: unknown Contributors: Original uploader was
Ricjl at en.wikipedia
File:Centre Court roof.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Centre_Court_roof.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Albert Lee
File:Wimbledon order of play.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wimbledon_order_of_play.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Ivan,
Morio, Spyder Monkey, Werckmeister
Image:Court 1.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Court_1.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was Aleksmot at en.wikipedia
Image:Court 18.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Court_18.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: User:Whatisthefrequencykenneth
Image:Court 2.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Court_2.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: User:Whatisthefrequencykenneth
File:Terracotta Warriors - Wimbledon 2008.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terracotta_Warriors_-_Wimbledon_2008.jpg License: Creative Commons
Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Nikola Spicar
File:Wimbledon ballgirl 2007.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wimbledon_ballgirl_2007.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors:
elyob/Original uploader was MickMacNee at en.wikipedia
File:Wimbledon Court 10 2004 RJL.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wimbledon_Court_10_2004_RJL.JPG License: GNU Free Documentation License
Contributors: Original uploader was Ricjl at en.wikipedia
File:Wimbledon Championships Close Of Play 2004 RJL.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wimbledon_Championships_Close_Of_Play_2004_RJL.JPG License:
unknown Contributors: Original uploader was Ricjl at en.wikipedia
File:Wimbledon trophies.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wimbledon_trophies.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Benjamí
Villoslada i Gil from Mediterranean Sea > Majorca Island > Sineu
File:Nadal Miami 2009 1.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nadal_Miami_2009_1.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Alex Lee
File:SerenaStretchWimbledon.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:SerenaStretchWimbledon.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was
Markmcgee at en.wikipedia
File:Melzer Brisbane 2009.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Melzer_Brisbane_2009.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors:
tripletrouble
File:Petzschner-usopen-2007.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Petzschner-usopen-2007.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
User:Dmadeo
File:King 2009 US Open 01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:King_2009_US_Open_01.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors:
Robbie Mendelson
File:Yaroslava Shvedova.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Yaroslava_Shvedova.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
User:Bardya
File:Leander Wimbledon trim.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Leander_Wimbledon_trim.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Lilo
File:Cara Black Acura Classic 2007.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cara_Black_Acura_Classic_2007.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Markabq
File:Flag of Spain.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Spain.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Pedro A. Gracia Fajardo, escudo de Manual de Imagen
Institucional de la Administración General del Estado
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: special commission (of
code): SVG version by cs:-xfi-. Colors according to Appendix No. 3 of czech legal Act 3/1993. cs:Zirland.
File:Flag of Russia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Russia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Zscout370
File:Flag of Austria.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Austria.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp
File:Flag of Germany.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Germany.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Madden, User:Pumbaa80, User:SKopp
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Sweden.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Jon Harald Søby
File:Flag of Romania.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Romania.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:AdiJapan
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: -xfi-
File:Flag of India.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_India.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp
File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Madden
File:Flag of South Africa.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg License: unknown Contributors: Adriaan, Anime Addict AA, AnonMoos,
BRUTE, Daemonic Kangaroo, Dnik, Duduziq, Dzordzm, Fry1989, Homo lupus, Jappalang, Juliancolton, Kam Solusar, Klemen Kocjancic, Klymene, Lexxyy, Mahahahaneapneap, Manuelt15,
Moviedefender, Ninane, Poznaniak, SKopp, ThePCKid, ThomasPusch, Tvdm, Ultratomio, Vzb83, Zscout370, 33 anonymous edits
File:Flag of Switzerland.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:-xfi-, User:Marc Mongenet,
User:Zscout370
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: A1, Alex Smotrov, Alvis Jean,
Art-top, BagnoHax, Denniss, EugeneZelenko, F l a n k e r, Fred J, G.dallorto, Garynysmon, Herbythyme, Homo lupus, Jake Wartenberg, MaggotMaster, Ms2ger, Nightstallion, Pianist, R-41,
Rainforest tropicana, Sebyugez, Solbris, Storkk, Str4nd, Tabasco, ThomasPusch, Toben, Twilight Chill, Zscout370, Серп, 55 anonymous edits
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Belarus.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Zscout370
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Croatia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: AnyFile, Argo Navis, Denelson83, Denniss, Dijxtra,
Klemen Kocjancic, Kseferovic, Minestrone, Multichill, Neoneo13, Nightstallion, O, PatríciaR, Platonides, R-41, Rainman, Reisio, Rocket000, Suradnik13, Zicera, Zscout370, 5 anonymous edits
File:US Open.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:US_Open.svg License: unknown Contributors: Andrew c, NikNaks93
Image:Arthur Ashe stadium 2005.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Arthur_Ashe_stadium_2005.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0
Contributors: TigerPuppala
File:Flag of Serbia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Serbia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: ABF, Avala, B1mbo, Denelson83, EDUCA33E,
Herbythyme, Imbris, Mormegil, Nightstallion, Nikola Smolenski, Nuno Gabriel Cabral, R-41, Rainman, Rokerismoravee, Sasa Stefanovic, Siebrand, ThomasPusch, Túrelio, Zscout370, 7
anonymous edits
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Bean49, David Descamps,
Dbenbenn, Denelson83, Fry1989, Howcome, Ms2ger, Nightstallion, Oreo Priest, Rocket000, Sir Iain, ThomasPusch, Warddr, Zscout370, 3 anonymous edits
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Abaezriv, AnonMoos, Badseed, Dbenbenn,
Duduziq, Fry1989, Gabbe, Himasaram, Homo lupus, Juiced lemon, Klemen Kocjancic, Mattes, Mollajutt, Neq00, Pumbaa80, Rfc1394, Srtxg, ThomasPusch, Túrelio, Zscout370, 9 anonymous
edits
File:Rafael Nadal at the 2010 US Open 01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Rafael_Nadal_at_the_2010_US_Open_01.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution
2.0 Contributors: Francisco Diez
File:Kim Clijsters Wimbledon 2006.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kim_Clijsters_Wimbledon_2006.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0
Contributors: davidgold
File:Bob Bryan at the 2009 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open 01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bob_Bryan_at_the_2009_Mutua_Madrileña_Madrid_Open_01.jpg
License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Alvaro Gandara Astray
File:Mike Bryan at the 2009 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open 01.jpg Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mike_Bryan_at_the_2009_Mutua_Madrileña_Madrid_Open_01.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Alvaro Gandara
Astray
File:Vania King at the 2009 US Open 01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Vania_King_at_the_2009_US_Open_01.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0
Contributors: Charlie Cowins
File:Yaroslava Shvedova at the 2010 US Open 01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Yaroslava_Shvedova_at_the_2010_US_Open_01.jpg License: Creative
Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Robbie Mendelson
File:Liezel Huber Acura Classic 2007.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Liezel_Huber_Acura_Classic_2007.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Markabq
File:Flag of Norway.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Norway.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Dbenbenn
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Argentina.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Dbenbenn
File:Flag of Peru.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Peru.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Dbenbenn
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Mexico.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:AlexCovarrubias
File:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_South_Africa_1928-1994.svg License: Public Domain Contributors:
User:Denelson83, User:Denelson83
File:Flag of Chile.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Chile.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp
File:Flag of Poland.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Poland.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Mareklug, User:Wanted
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Brazilian Government
File:Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia.svg License: unknown Contributors: Zscout370 at en.wikipedia
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Madden
File:Frenchopen.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Frenchopen.svg License: unknown Contributors: User:Ngckmax
File:Roland Garros 02 .JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Roland_Garros_02_.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Arnaud 25
File:Roland Garros 08 .JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Roland_Garros_08_.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Arnaud 25
File:Rafael Nadal at the 2008 French Open 9.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Rafael_Nadal_at_the_2008_French_Open_9.jpg License: Creative Commons
Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Yann Caradec
File:Francesca schiavone medibank international 2006.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Francesca_schiavone_medibank_international_2006.jpg License: Creative
Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5 Contributors: Pfctdayelise, Spyder Monkey, Windsok
File:Nestor 2009 Davis Cup 2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nestor_2009_Davis_Cup_2.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: ataelw
File:Zimonjić 2009 US Open 01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Zimonjić_2009_US_Open_01.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0
Contributors: Robbie Mendelson
File:Serena Williams Wimbledon 2008 - 2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Serena_Williams_Wimbledon_2008_-_2.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0
Contributors: Chris Eason
File:Venus Williams at the 2009 French Open 3.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Venus_Williams_at_the_2009_French_Open_3.jpg License: Creative Commons
Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Yann Caradec
File:Katarina Srebotnik.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Katarina_Srebotnik.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Markabq
File:Flag of Italy.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Italy.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: see below
File:Flag of Canada.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Canada.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:E Pluribus Anthony, User:Mzajac
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp, User:Vzb83, User:Zscout370
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Zscout370
File:Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Czechoslovakia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: (of code)
File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Madden
File:Australian Open logo.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Australian_Open_logo.svg License: unknown Contributors: Quibik
File:Australian Open 2007 Night Session.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Australian_Open_2007_Night_Session.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors:
User:Rg030
File:Ausopen margaret court arena medium.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ausopen_margaret_court_arena_medium.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors:
FoeNyx, Ivan, Kjetil r, Spyder Monkey
File:Rod laver arena.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Rod_laver_arena.jpg License: unknown Contributors: User:apre
File:Margaretcourtstitched.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Margaretcourtstitched.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Skyscraper297
File:R federer.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:R_federer.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Esther Lim
File:Serena Williams Australian Open 2009 2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Serena_Williams_Australian_Open_2009_2.jpg License: Creative Commons
Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Rob Young, Melbourne, Australia
File:Bob Bryan at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships 01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bob_Bryan_at_the_2009_Wimbledon_Championships_01.jpg License:
Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Justin Smith
File:Mike Bryan at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships 01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mike_Bryan_at_the_2009_Wimbledon_Championships_01.jpg
License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Justin Smith
File:Serena Williams Australian Open 2009 5.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Serena_Williams_Australian_Open_2009_5.jpg License: Creative Commons
Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Sascha Wenninger, Melbourne, Australia.
File:Venus at us open 2009-cropped.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Venus_at_us_open_2009-cropped.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0
Contributors: User:Little Professor
File:Cara_Black_Acura_Classic_2007.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cara_Black_Acura_Classic_2007.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Markabq
File:Flag of FR Yugoslavia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_FR_Yugoslavia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was Milan B. at
en.wikipedia
File:Flag of Latvia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Latvia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp

License 68
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
http:/ / creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3. 0/

The Great Game of Tennis - A History

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Great Game of Tennis - A History

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Real tennis is created in literature by William Shakespeare who

Birth of lawn tennis

Tournaments and tours

Name Surface Venue change

1881: U.S. Open

Name change Surface change Venue change

1891: The French Open

Name change Surface change Venue change

1905: Australian Open

Name change Surface change Venue change

The Davis Cup

International Tennis Federation

The Fed Cup

professional tournaments become more significant than tours.

WCT & NTL

from their own circuit.

Women's professional tennis

• Canford, Dorset: Lord Wimborne, Sir Ivor Guest, opened

Where fate and fortune daily meet to play,

Baerlein. During that period, he never lost even a set to an amateur.[10]

The Championships, Wimbledon

The Championships, Wimbledon

Venue The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club

Men's draw [2]

Women's draw 128S (96Q) / 64D (16Q)

Mixed draw 48D

Prize money £ 13,725,000

2010 Wimbledon Championships

Championship. A new code of laws (replacing the code until then

Players and seeding

Wimbledon is the only Grand Slam event played on grass courts. At

From 2009, a new No. 2 Court is being used at Wimbledon with a

At the northern end of the grounds is a giant television screen on which

Ball boys and ball girls

Since 1969, BBGs have been provided by local schools. As of 2008

Prospective BBGs are first nominated by their school headteacher, to

February, in which the final BBGs are chosen through continual

Colours and uniforms

Trophies and prize money

Rafael Serena Williams is the Ladies' Jürgen Philipp Petzschner

Event Champion Runner-up Score

2010 Women's Singles Serena Williams Vera Zvonareva 6–3, 6–2

2010 Men's Doubles Jürgen Melzer Robert 6–1, 7–5, 7–5

2010 Women's Doubles Vania King Elena Vesnina 7–6(6), 6–2

2010 Mixed Doubles Leander Paes Wesley Moodie 6–4, 7–6(5)

Gentlemen since 1877

After Björn Borg 5 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980

After Todd Woodbridge & 5 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997

Winner of most Before William Renshaw 14 1880–1889 (7 singles, 7 doubles)

Ladies since 1884

After Martina Navrátilová 6 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987

Most games won in a final Andy Roddick 39 2009

Most matches played (men) Jean Borotra 223 1922–39, 1948–64

Most matches played (women) Martina Navrátilová 326

Lowest-ranked winner (men or women) Goran Ivanišević 125th 2001

Wildcard winner (men or women) Goran Ivanišević 2001

Lowest-ranked winner (women) Venus Williams 31st (23rd 2007

Youngest winner (men) Boris Becker 17 1985

Youngest winner (Ladies' Singles) Lottie Dod 15 1887

Youngest winner (Ladies' Doubles) 15 1996

Longest men's final by games 77 games 2009

Longest women's final by time Lindsay Davenport vs 2hrs 45mins 2005