Architectural Facies Analysis of

Submarine Fan Deposits of Halang

Formation
Ilmi Ramadhan[1}
Department of Geological Engineering, Pertamina University[1]
Email : ilmirmdhn@gmail.com

Abstract
Halang Formation is the formations that formed by turbidite flows. Halang Formation deposited
in ancient deep-marine environment (Kastowo and Suwarna, 2006). Halang Formation is splited into
two parts, that is upper Halang Formation and lower Halang Formation. The goals of this research
paper is to find the characteristic of turbidite deposits of Halang Formation for analyzing the
architectural facies of submarine fan in Halang Formation. Methods that are used on this research
paper is comparing recent studies of this formation, to be exact is we used the stratigraphy column to
analyze the architectural facies. The result is to find the prospect of hydrocarbon with the methods
analysis the architectural facies to find the reservoirs of petroleum play from the submarine fan.

Keywords : Halang Formation, Architechtural Facies, Turbidity Current, Bouma Sequence

Introduction This paper will discuss about the

Turbidites are commonly present in sedimentation processes during Halang
submarine fan formation. Halang Formation is Formation was formed. The purpose is to find
the one of formations that formed by turbidite
the characteristic of turbidite deposits and the
flows as submarine fan deposite in deep-
provenance of sediments for analysing the
marine environment (Kastowo and Suwarna,
architectural facies of submarine fan in Halang
2006). Based on turbidite deposite that
Formation.
described by Bouma (1962), the distal fan of
Halang Formation consist of sandstone and
claystone of Tb or Tc in Bouma Sequence and
the middle fan of this formation consist of
coarse to fine grained sandstone of Ta in
Bouma Sequence. The sediment source of
Halang Formation is from volcanism product
in Southern Mountain during its uplifted in
Oligocene-Miocene (Yan Rizal et al., 2017).
Halang Formation is divided into two parts,
that is upper Halang Formation and lower
Halang Formation.
 Figure 1. Bouma Sequence (1962)
Figure 2. Area of Study ( Yan Rizal et al.,
2017)
Methodology
Methods that are used on this research
paper is comparing recent studies of this
formation. Analysis has been done by
understanding stratigraphic column of Halang
Formation and divide the lithofacies then
interpretated them. Data is collected and
analyzed to find a new perspective of
sedimentation processes that is happened in
Halang Formation.
Stratigraphy
According to secondary research data,
stratigraphy of Halang Formation is measured
2 kilometers along Pangkalan River. Measured
section in Halang Formation resulting a
vertical succession thickness about 156 meters
and the plane has position N229o/35oSW.
Figure 3. Upper Part of Fan Deposits of
Submarine Fan System in Halang Formation (
Yan Rizal et al., 2017)
Based on stratigraphic column, lower
parts of this section (Figure 2) were measured
and has a thickness about 1.2 - 1.5 meters. The
lower part of this sectione is characterized by
coarse to very coarse grained sands, cemented
by carbonate, poorly sorted, and massive. It is
similar to Ta part of Bouma Sequence (1962).
To the upper part of this section, there is a
sandstone that consist of medium grained
sands, well sorted, good porosity, and has a
mudclast structure looks like Tb in Bouma
sequence (1962).
 Figure 5. Stratigraphic Column of Lower Part
of Middle Fan Deposit in Submarine Fan
System in Halang Formation ( Yan Rizal et
al., 2017)

In this section (Figure 3), sandstone is

characterized by very fine to fine grained
sands, carbonate cement, well sorted, contain
ripple and parallel lamination structure. The
sandstone has a thickness about 5 – 10 cm and
its interbedded with mudstone that has a
thickness about 20 – 100 cm ( Yan Rizal et al.,
2017).
Top of this section (Figure 4) is consist
of thick mudstone with parallel lamination
structure interbedded with thin sandstone.
Mudsone is more dominated than sandstone in
this part.

Figure 4. Stratigraphic Column of Top Part of

Middle Fan Deposit in Submarine Fan System
in Halang Formation ( Yan Rizal et al., 2017)

Figure 6. Stratigraphic Column Frontal Part

Deposits of Submarine Fan System in Halang
Formation

Front part (Figure 5) of the submarine

fan system in this formation is characterized
by thick sandstone and mudstone. Sandstone
of this section has different characters that is
massive and thin layered. The massive
sandstone has a good porousity, well sorted, Figure 7. Submarine Fan System (Nichols,
medium to fine grained sands, and cemented 2009)
by silica ( Yan Rizal et al., 2017).
The thin sandstone was consist of fine to Conclusions
very fine grained sand. It has a good porousity, From the stratigraphic data, we know
well sorted, and its contains parallel and ripple the middle fan is dominated by mudstone.
lamination structures. From that we conclude that Halang Formation
is deposited in submarine fan with mud-
Discussions dominated system.
Based on stratigraphy data, architectural
facies of Halang Formation in this area of Different lithology between upper fan
study is formed by coarse to medium grained deposits and middle fan deposits indicates that
sandstone in the first section, this sediment is transportation velocity is decreased during the
closely transported from the source because sediments was moved. It similar to upper flow
the size of grain is not possibly moved more regime in traction currents.
far from the source. This deposits is Sandstone with good porousity and well
interpreted as upper part of this submarine fan sorting in middle and lower fan indicates it can
system. It is because this part has same be a good reservoirs for petroleum systems.
characters with the Ta and Tb intervals in Petrographic and geochemistry analysis must
Bouma Sequence (1962). be done to know the potential reservoir of this
The middle part was interpreted as formation.
overbank deposits in submarine fan system.
This is because the deposits is dominated by
mudstone than sandstone and its similar to Ta, References
Tb, and Tc in Bouma Sequence (1962) that
deposited by turbidity currents.
Frontal part deposits was interpreted as
lower fan of the submarine fan system in this
formation. It is because the sandstone has two
different characters that shows it has high rate
of sediment supply from the source.
Sandstone of the middle fan and lower
fan deposits in this submarine fan can be good
reservoir for the petroleum system. The reason
is because sandstone of this two architectural
facies has a good porousity and well sorted.

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