Vegan French Toast:

The Better Option

By:

Monika Borkowski

Camille Dumbrique

Karina Jaime-Carbajal

Samantha Kucinkski

Cassandra Minor

Jeff Moore
Product Description and Use

We have all heard the notion that “breakfast is the most important meal of the day”, but

with America’s high-paced lifestyle, who has the time to put together a healthy breakfast every

morning? Well, There’s Nothing French About this Toast could be the solution to this dilemma.

It is a frozen vegan french toast product that is perfect for any busy lifestyle! It is loaded with

whole grains, a serving of fruit, omega 3s, and just enough fiber to make anyone feel full and

fuel the first hours of their day. It’s healthy, it’s quick, and it’s delicious! Look for it in the

freezer aisle in your local health-food store or supermarket.

Product Formulation and Ingredients

Chia Seeds

To achieve the goal of creating a healthier, vegan version of a classic breakfast food,

adding chia seeds, a functional food, helped increase the amount of dietary fiber, Omega-3’s,

antioxidants, and protein in the final product. It was also used as a binding agent in replace of

eggs, which is typically used in conventional French toast recipes. It was added to the formula in

the 2nd trial of the french toast preparation (see Figure 1).

Chia seeds have the highest percentage of alpha-linolenic fatty acid, which is an essential

fatty acid that has been shown to reduce risk for heart disease by reducing cholesterol and high

blood pressure (Sargi and others 2013). There’s Nothing French About this Toast contained

1.82g of Omega-3’s per slice, which is more than the recommended minimum dose of 250-

500mg daily. Because chia seeds contribute to the high fiber content of 5 grams for every

tablespoon, there was also a significant increase in the fiber of the finished product which

promotes satiety. Dietary fiber has been related to positive effects in the human body including

reducing cholesterol and blood pressure, maintaining bowel health, controlling glucose levels,

and preventing onset of certain cancers and gastrointestinal problems (Chawla and Patil 2010).

Multigrain Bread

A typical American diet lacks whole-grain foods which are valuable sources of fiber, B

vitamins, Vitamin E, selenium, zinc, copper, and magnesium. Whole grain foods also contain

phytochemicals which help in disease prevention (Slavin and others 2001) Typical French toast

recipes use dense breads like brioche or Texas toast which lack in nutrients and are often

extremely processed. By using multigrain bread, more protein and fiber were incorporated into

the finished product, in addition to the beneficial micronutrients found in whole grain foods.
Because French toast is typically served at breakfast, starting the day off with this functional

food will contribute to the daily recommendation of carbohydrates in a day while providing

nutritional benefits to the body. This ingredient was added in the 4th and final modification (see

Figure 1).

Mashed Bananas

By using mashed bananas in the recipe, there was no need for added sugars or artificial

flavors, which is commonly found in the ingredients of the product’s frozen competitors.

Previous studies have shown that fiber found in fruits can reduce blood glucose concentration by

slowing down absorption and improving insulin sensitivity, which can help in reducing

inflammation and promoting antioxidant processes. (Wu and others 2015) Providing this in the

recipe also contributes to the recommended daily serving of fruit. It is among the main

ingredients to the finished product (see Figure 2).

 Figure 1: Formulation Steps for There’s Nothing French About this Toast

1st trial 2nd trial 3rd trial Final Trial

Ingredients Ingredients Ingredients Ingredients

Vegan bread Vegan bread Vegan bread Multigrain bread
Ground Flax Chia Seeds Chia Seeds Chia Seeds
Banana Banana Banana Banana
Cinnamon Cinnamon Cinnamon Cinnamon
Vanilla extract Vanilla extract Vanilla extract Vanilla extract
Cacao butter Cacao butter Cacao butter Cacao butter
Salt Salt

Substituted chia seeds Added salt to bring Switched to a

for flax because it out flavors multigrain bread to
added more texture reduce cost
 Figure 2: There’s Nothing French About this Toast’s Formula

Ingredients

Makes 16 servings
● 16 slices toasted multigrain bread
● 3 cups ripe mashed bananas
● 10 tablespoons chia seeds
● 1 tablespoon cinnamon
● 1 tablespoon vanilla extract
● Pinch of salt
● ¼ cup cacao butter

1. Combine 3 cups mashed bananas, 10 tablespoons of chia seeds, 1 tablespoon

cinnamon, and 1 tablespoon vanilla extract in bowl.
2. Using a skillet, add cacao butter to pan and heat on medium.
3. Coat one side of toasted multigrain bread with banana mixture and add to skillet.
4. Coat the other side of bread while first side is cooking then flip and cook to desired
crispness.

While working on this formula, a different version was also attempted. The goal was to

package and freeze the banana batter that is spread on top of There’s Nothing French About this

Toast’s bread slices, in individual tubes. With these frozen tubes, consumers would have

defrosted the contents of the tube, then spread the batter on their bread of choice and cook their

French toast at home choosing the heating method that is most convenient for them; these

heating methods would have included: broiling in conventional oven for 3-5 minutes on each

side, toaster, microwaving, or frying on heated and greased skillet. It was meant to not only be a

healthier, vegan option, but also have more of a sense of being home-made. It would give the

consumers control over what type of bread they wished to use, how much of the spread they

wanted to top the toasted slice with, and preparing it using a method most convenient to them.
 While this product packaging did work, it was abandoned after the second trial (see

Figure 3). The defrosting of the product worked as intended; it was to be run under warm-hot

water for 30-40 seconds. Yet, the defrosted product has an unappealing, brown color from the

oxidized bananas and the chia seeds. The multiple cooking methods were tried and it was found

that only one method proved most appealing to the eye and palate by spreading the batter-in-a-

tube on a toasted piece of bread; that method was broiling the batter-topped toast slices in an

oven for five minutes on each side. Finally, it was determined that method involved a significant

amount of work to defrost the product, spread it over a pre-toasted bread slice, and then cooked

in pre-heated oven for the required ten minutes or so. There was also an issue with estimating the

shelf-life, since it was such a unique product. Further development for this product stopped and

attention was given only to the pre-cooked French toast, There’s Nothing French About this

Toast.
Figure 3: Formulation Steps for the There’s Nothing French About this Toast Batter-in-a-Tube.

1st trial 2nd trial

Ingredients Ingredients
Vegan bread Vegan bread
Ground Flax Chia Seeds
Banana Banana
Cinnamon Cinnamon
Vanilla extract Vanilla extract
Cacao butter Cacao butter

Substituted chia seeds for flax because it

added more texture
Product Performance

Analytical Tests:

Traditional French toast is typically prepared using brioche or Texas toast bread. The

vegan French toast was prepared using a multigrain 100% whole grain bread with a much higher

fiber content; due to the naturally higher fiber content, the vegan French toast was suspected to

have an overall firmer texture than the fiber-less competitors.

The Texture Analyzer TA.XT was used to determine the firmness of the vegan French

toast product and store-bought frozen French toast made by Krusteaz. Four samples from each

product were tested using the bread firmness program. The There’s Nothing French About this

Toast samples were prepared by cutting two slices in four pieces each. Two of these pieces, from

the same piece of toast, were stacked and placed under the probe. The Krusteaz samples were

prepared by cutting four sticks into two pieces each. Two pieces, from the same stick, were

stacked on top of each other and placed under the probe. The average firmness of There’s

Nothing French About this Toast and Krusteaz French toast, measured by grams of force, were

2021g with a standard deviation of 1033g and 163g with a standard deviation of 40g,

respectively (see Appendix 1). The average forces for each trial are shown below in Figure 4. A

one-tailed T-test revealed the difference between means to have a p-value of 0.026.
Figure 4: Forces Measured by the TA.XT for both There’s Nothing French About this Toast and
Krusteaz French Toast

These results confirm that there is a significant difference between the vegan french toast

and store bought Krusteaz french toast products tested, in regards to firmness, however, because

of the large standard deviation (1033g) and coefficient of variance (51.1) we must conclude that

the measurements were not precise.

The estimated water activity (aw) of the vegan french toast is between 0.8 and 0.95,

leaving it vulnerable to both molds and bacteria. In order to combat this vulnerability, the

product is designed to be kept frozen until use.

Market Potential

The appeal of convenience food has its footing in several corners. For one, the desire of a

meal to be prepared easily and quickly is widespread, as consumers are part of a fast-paced

world; meals that can be made with little, to no preparation time prove to be what a person with a

busy lifestyle seeks. Additionally, convenience food is largely affected by price and

affordability. Americans spend approximately 26% of the average household food budget on

convenience food products, which is more than the portions spent on basic and complex

ingredients combined (Okrent and others 2016). However, frozen foods in particular are no

longer considered drivers of large scale growth for many companies; this decrease is likely due

to the fact that consumers’ perceptions and expectations have changed, and manufacturers have

failed to keep up with the times.

There’s Nothing French About this Toast understands these challenges and aims to

address the gap in the market. Current successful trends revolve around the emphasis of high

quality ingredients and overall health and wellness. All of which are not typically associated with

frozen food products, especially of the frozen breakfast variety. The current selection of frozen

breakfast items are ready to eat after heating; these include: sandwiches with eggs, cheese and

meat, sugary pastries packaged with frosting and jelly spreads, or pancakes and waffles made

with white flour and sugar. In either category, the options of wholesome, high fiber, low sugar

options are minimal, let alone that hardly any are vegan friendly.

There’s Nothing French About this Toast is a nutrient dense alternative; the convenience

of being ‘ready-to-eat after heating’ will still satisfy the sweet tooth and fiber needs of vegans

and omnivores alike. Competitor products such as Krusteaz Cinnamon French Toast Sticks

contain 400mg of sodium, 11g of added sugars, and less than 1g of dietary fiber (See Appendix
2). There’s Nothing French About this Toast has less sodium, no added sugars, and five times

more dietary fiber than the competitors (see Appendix 3 for competitors). The consumers will be

drawn to the simple list ingredients including buzzword items like chia seeds. The product will

appeal to the fast growing health conscious demographic to demonstrate that frozen food does

not mean preservatives and poor nutrition.

Sensory Tests

In order to test the acceptability of There’s Nothing French About this Toast, sensory

tests were conducted. Specifically, a paired preference was conducted. Participants were given a

survey (see Appendix 4), a sample of There’s Nothing French About this Toast, a sample of

Krusteaz Cinnamon French Toast Sticks, and a small cup with filtered water. They were

instructed to fill out the beginning of the survey, drink some water, try a sample, drink some

water, try the other sample, and finish the survey. The raw data to the surveys can be found in

Appendix 5.

Demographics

From the participants, none were under the age of 18, 23 were between the ages of 18-24,

and 5 were 25 years old or older (see Figure 5). Only six of the participants were male while the

other 22 were female (see Figure 6). Two of the participants were smokers while the other 26

were non-smokers (see Figure 7).

Results

From the participant, five answered that they did not eat french toast and 23 said that they

did (see Figure 8). Ten of the participants said they did not eat convenience breakfast foods and

the other 18 said that they did (see Figure 9). Four participants answered that they did not take

nutrition into consideration when buying foods (see Figure 10). In the paired preference, half of

the participants (14) prefered the Krusteaz sample which was labeled 7H1N2 and half of them

(14) prefered the There’s Nothing French About this Toast sample which was labeled 8K4M0

(see Figure 11). Finally, after being told that There’s Nothing French About this Toast had a
better nutrient profile, only six participants said they would still prefer the Krusteaz french toast

and 22 said they would prefer There’s Nothing French About this Toast (see Figure 12). .
 Using a binomial table, statistical significance was found. The binomial table used was

designed specifically for paired preference tests; it provides the number of necessary participants

voting, for a specific sample, to be considered significantly more preferred in the sensory

evaluation (see Appendix 6). In this case with 28 participants, 20 would have had to vote for one

sample for it to be considered significant. During the first paired preference, before participants

knew that one sample was healthier than the other, there was no significance for which was more

preferred. However, after knowing the nutrient profile of There’s Nothing French About this

Toast, there was a significant amount of participants who preferred it (p<0.05).

Shelf Life Estimated

Based on the analysis of water activity in There’s Nothing French About This Toast, it

was found that the product directly after cooked had an estimated water activity between 0.8 and

0.95. This, as stated above in the Product Performance section, makes the French toast

vulnerable to molds and bacteria if not stored in a proper way. Due to the high susceptibility to

contamination, the product will be marketed as a frozen product. This product is best eaten

within 8 months of date of purchase in order to maximize freshness and flavor in the French toast

(Eat By Date 2012). This 8 month time frame was determined based on research of freshness of

frozen bread, and is comparable with shelf life of similar products already on the market.
Regulatory Stipulations

There’s Nothing French About this French Toast will be marketed as vegan, cholesterol

free, and as a good source of fiber, calcium, and iron.

This product is labeled as vegan because it isn’t made with any animal products including

any: meat, fish, poultry, eggs, or dairy. This also is why the product is free of any levels of

cholesterol. The requirement to be considered “cholesterol free” is to have less than 2 mg per

reference amount customarily consumed (RACC) (see Appendix 7) (Center for Food Safety and

Applied Nutrition 2013), and, because of the vegan nature of this product, There’s Nothing

French About this French Toast has 0mg per RACC.

The requirement for being a good source of a certain attribute is to meet 10-19% of the

daily value (DV) (see Appendix 7) (Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition 2015). There’s

Nothing French About this French Toast will be marketed as having a good source of fiber

because it contains 5 grams of dietary fiber per RACC, or 18% of the DV. It also has 137 mg, or

13.7% DV, of Calcium. Finally, it has 2.04 mg, or 11% DV, of Iron. (see Appendix 8 for all

nutrient levels)
Packaging

There’s Nothing French About This Toast will be packaged in a freezer-friendly

cardboard box, and stored in the frozen food section of the grocery store. Each slice of French

toast will be wrapped individually in sealed plastic wrap to maintain freshness and also aid in

portion control based on the serving size labeled on the back of the box. Ideally this product will

be offered in both mainstream grocery stores and health food stores to appeal to the vegan

consumers as well as those looking for a quick, easy, and delicious alternative to traditional

French toast.
Product Cost

Figure 14: Cost of Ingredients to make There’s Nothing French About This Toast

Item Brand Qty/ unit AP Price($) Cost($) / Recipe qty

Bananas Sam’s club 3 lbs 1.38 0.46/C mashed

Bread Great Grains 2 loaves 3.18 1.59/ loaf

Multigrain

Chia Seeds Natures Earthly 3 lbs 7.48 0.19/ 3 Tbs

Choice Organic

Ground McCormick 18 oz 4.48 0.07/ Tbs

Cinnamon

Vanilla Extract McCormick 8 oz 15.48 0.86/ Tbs

Cacao Butter Earth Circle 1 lb 11.45 0.64/ 25g

Organics Raw
Balinese Cacao

Individual Discount Plastic 1000 bags 8.40 0.13 /16 bags in unit
Plastic wraps Bags Wholesale
distributors

Custom Printed TheCustomBoxes. 1000 boxes 1569 1.57

Boxes com

Total $5.51

For production, the actual food in each box will cost $3.81 to make. This was calculated

by obtaining wholesale prices from Sam’s club for each ingredient and dividing it by the quantity

needed for the recipe. Competitor prices average around $2.99-3.50, but the packages themselves

contained only 6 to 8 slices per box.

Individual plastic wraps for each piece of bread will be purchased from Discount Plastic

Bags Wholesale. A single case of 500 bags costs $13.00 meaning that one box of the product
will require 16 plastic wraps resulting in an additional $0.41 per unit. Additionally, a quote from

Individual TheCustomBoxes Packaging Solutions estimated for 4 color printing, labeling, and

sealing of eco-friendly food quality corrugated boxes would cost an additional $1.57 per unit.

The total cost for the production of a single box of the French toast costs $5.51. The

Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price will be $7.99 for the box (or $0.50 a slice) ensuring at

least a 30% profit margin. This price is competitive considering it provides 16 servings per unit

and is vegan.
Nutrition label

To determine the nutrition facts of There’s Nothing French About This Toast, the nutrient

analysis software Food Processor was used. The program produced an up-to-date nutrition label

that states all the essential nutrients required, based on a percent daily value (% DV)

consumption of 2,000 calories per day (See Appendix 7).

The packaging includes 16 slices per cardboard box container. One serving size is one

slice (100g); the serving size was standardized and ultimately made simpler for the consumer to

decipher. The caloric amount per serving is 200 kcal. Per serving, There’s Nothing French About

This Toast provides: 8g of fat (10% DV), 2.5g of saturated fat (13% DV), 0g trans-fat and 0mg

of cholesterol. There are 280mg of sodium (12% DV) and 32g total of carbohydrates (12% DV).

The vegan French toast contains 5g of fiber (18% DV). The total amount of sugar per

serving is 7g with zero added sugars (0% DV) and contains 8g of protein. Unfortunately, there

are 0mcg of vitamin D; but, there is 137mg of calcium (10% DV), 2mg of iron (10% DV) and

153mg of potassium (4%DV). There are numerous other nutrients that There’s Nothing French

About This Toast boasts, making it an excellent nutrient-dense convenience breakfast food to

consume. (See Appendix 8).

References

Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (2013) Labeling & Nutrition - Guidance for
Industry: A Food Labeling Guide (9. Appendix A: Definitions of Nutrient Content Claims). In: U
S Food and Drug Administration Home Page.
https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/Lab
elingNutrition/ucm064911.htm. Accessed 2 May 2017

Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (2013) Labeling & Nutrition - Guidance for
Industry: A Food Labeling Guide (10. Appendix B: Additional Requirements for Nutrient
Content Claims). In: U S Food and Drug Administration Home Page.
https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/Lab
elingNutrition/ucm064916.htm. Accessed 2 May 2017

Chawla R, Patil G (2010) Soluble Dietary Fiber. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and
Food Safety 9:178–196. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00099.x

Eat By Date (2012) Bread - How Long Does Bread Last? Shelf Life Storage Expiration. In: Eat
By Date. http://www.eatbydate.com/grains/baked-goods/bread-shelf-life-expiration-date/.
Accessed 2 May 2017

Okrent, Abigail M., and Aylin Kumcu (2016) U.S. Households’ Demand for Convenience
Foods, ERR-211, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service

Sargi SCCA, Silva BC, Santos HMC, et al (2013) Antioxidant capacity and chemical
composition in seeds rich in omega-3: chia, flax, and perilla. Food Science and Technology
(Campinas) 33:541–548. doi: 10.1590/s0101-20612013005000057

Slavin JL, Jacobs D, Marquart L, Wiemer K (2001) The Role of Whole Grains in Disease
Prevention. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 101:780–785. doi: 10.1016/s0002-
8223(01)00194-8

Wu Y, Qian Y, Pan Y, et al (2015) Association between dietary fiber intake and risk of coronary
heart disease: A meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition 34:603–611. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.05.009
Appendices

Appendix 1:
Raw data from Excel Spreadsheet from TA.XT

There’s Nothing French About

this Toast

Trial Force (g) Mean SD CV

1 3682.97 2021.14 1032.73 51.1

2 1116.07

3 2089.38

4 1196.14

Krusteaz Cinnamon French

Toast Sticks

Trial Force (g) Mean SD CV

1 156.33 162.53 40.12 24.68

2 153.08

3 225.97

4 114.72
Appendix 2:
Nutrition Panel for the Store-Bought French Toast Competitor, Krusteaz
Appendix 3:
Supermarket Safari
Competitor’s Forms Packaging Varieties Main Location Location
Name/Price Ingredients

Krusteaz frozen Cardboard Cinnamon Enriched Freezer Convenience

Cinnamon box sticks and wheat flour breakfast food
French Toast traditional (bread), high
Sticks [main unsliced fructose corn
competitor] syrup, lots of
chemicals!

Jimmy Dean frozen Cardboard Turkey Egg, milk, Freezer Convenience

Delights box sausage, egg soy, white breakfast food
breakfast white, cheese wheat bread
muffin

Pillsbury frozen Cardboard Strawberry, Enriched Freezer Convenience

Toaster Strudel box cheesecake, bleached breakfast food
Cinnamon Roll maple brown flour,
sugar, apple soybean oil,
HFCS, sugar

Trader Joe’s frozen Cardboard Gluten free, Potato starch, Freezer Convenience
Wheat Free box yeast free. corn starch, breakfast food
Toaster Waffles canola/soybea
n oil,
evaporated
cane sugar

Aunt Jemima frozen Cardboard Whole grain Enriched Freezer Convenience

Buttermilk box bleached breakfast food
Pancakes flour, eggs,
milk, sugar

1. Does one of these competing products stand out? No. Why or why not? Lack of vegan
options in french toast form.
2. Where in the store were most of the products located? They were all in the freezers
3. Were any products easier to find than others? No. If so, where were they located? N/A
4. Which of the products was most expensive? Frozen pancakes Why?Pre-cooking and
formulation of shape/size
5. Which of the products was least expensive? Toaster Strudel Why? cheap ingredients mainly
of corn origin
6. Which packaging stood out the most? Trader Joe’s Wheat free waffles Why?_it was the
closest option, nutritionally, using a heading such as “wheat free”
Appendix 4:
Questionnaire Used to Gather Data During the Sensory Evaluation Using the Vegan French
Toast and the Store-Bought French Toast
Please let us know if you have any food allergies before sampling our products!!!!
Please drink some water, try a sample, drink some water, and try the final sample.
Age (circle one): <18 18-24 >25 Major: _______________________
Sex: __________________________ Smoker (circle one)? Yes or No
Do you like french toast? Yes No
Do you eat convenience-breakfast foods? Yes No
Do you take Nutrition information into consideration when purchasing food? Yes No
Which sample do you like better? 7H1N2 8K4M0
If you were to know that 8K4M0 is vegan, is made with bananas and chia seeds, and, thus, has
a better overall nutrition content (more fiber, omega 3 fatty acids, minerals, etc.), which
product would you pick now? 7H1N2 8K4M0
THANK YOU!
Appendix 5:
Raw Data Gathered From the Sensory Evaluation Using the Vegan French Toast and the Store-
Bought French Toast
Appendix 6:
Paired Preference Binomial Table
Appendix 7:
FDA Requirements for Claims
Appendix 7:
Nutrition Fact Panel for There’s Nothing French About this Toast
Appendix 8:
Full Nutrition Info
 Project III Grading & Assessment Criteria
Total Points Possible 100

SCORING CRITERIA for PROPOSAL SECTIONS Value Earned Comments

Product Description and Use 5

Product is described in terms of product category and
applications (uses)

Product Formulation and Ingredients 20

The ingredients/methods that are used are explained in
terms of the effect/goal established. (5)
Food Science Literature is cited to discuss the
relationship between the ingredient/method and desired
outcome. (10)
Formula evolution is described and final formula is
shown in recipe format (including recipe directions) (5)
If testing is required, test methods are appropriate and
test results are presented in context to product goals or
standards and are presented as an easy to interpret
figure/s

Product Performance 10
Laboratory test/s are explained and justified (3)
Results are presented in context to product goals or
standards and are presented as an easy to interpret
figure/s (7)

Market Potential 10
Need for product is justified/market gap is clear (2)
Competitive framework/product differentiation is clear
(3) If comparing product to existing product on market,
include comparative product information in
appendices
Include supermarket safari in appendices
Sensory/Consumer Tests 15
Test questionnaires are well-designed *included as
Appendices (5)
Test Methods are described and appropriate (3)
Test results are presented in context to product goals or
standards, are discussed and are presented as an easy to
interpret figure/s (7)

Shelf Life Estimated 5

Best guess of shelf life is made by comparing Aw, pH,
sensory data or labeled shelf life to similar product (3)
If testing is required, test methods are appropriate and
test results are presented in context to product goals or
standards and are presented as an easy to interpret
figure/s (5)

Regulatory Stipulations 5
Marketing/health claim costs are discussed
USDA/FDA/AHA standards are discussed, stated and
met (5) *standards are included as Appendices
If testing is required, test methods are appropriate and
test results are presented in context to product goals or
standards and are presented as an easy to interpret
figure/s

Package suggestions 2
Basis for packaging suggestions is rational based on
product use, comparative products, shelf stability,
marketing, research, etc. And packaging is included in
Product Cost (above)

Product Cost 6
Recipe cost shown using whole sale prices
Selling price per unit justified and discussed
Suppliers are correctly referenced (2)
Nutrition label 10
Approved nutrient analysis software (Food Processor) is
used (2)
Serving sizes are standardized (3)
Nutrient profile is discussed (3)
Nutrition Fact Panel is included as Appendices (2)

Oral Presentation 5
Product samples are passed out to ENTIRE class at the
end of presentation (plan accordingly)
Delivery and content is clear and well-organized
10-15 min divided evenly among group members
Group members are professional in attire and demeanor

Written Presentation 7
Cover sheet
References are correctly and consistently cited
throughout report and in a works cited page and JFS
format is used
Graphs, charts, tables are on ONE page and formatting is
appropriate
All appendices are included, noted in paper (as to where
to find them) and well organized
Edited for grammar, style, punctuation
Late and/or missing items will be marked down
Written in scientific language