1.

2P

(a)
Heat flux through the insulation sheet:
q T
k
A L
12
 0.029 
0.025
q
 13.92 W/m 2
A

(b)
The heat transfer rate along the insulation sheet:
T
q  kA
L
12
 0.029   3  3 
0.025
q  125.28 W

(c)

Thermal resistance due to conduction:

L
R
kA
0.025
R
0.029   3  3
R  0.0958

1.19P

Total area exposed to the coolant:

A  w w
2
 5 
A 
 1000 
A  2.5 105 m 2
Heat transfer rate from the chip due to convection:
q  h a A TS ,max  T 
q  200  2.5 10 5   358  288 
q  0.35 W
Heat transfer rate from the chip due to convection:
q  h d A TS ,max  T 
q  3000  2.5 10 5   358  288 
q  5.25 W

1.22P

(a)
Heat loss rate:
q  qconv  qrad
Heat transfer rate due to convection:
qconv  h A TS  T 
  100  
 10        25    423  298 
  1000  
 9812.5 W
Heat transfer rate due to radiation:
qrad   A Ts4  T4 


 0.8  5.67 108    .1 25    423   298 
4 4

 8596.27 W

Total heat loss rate form the steam line:

q  9812.5  8596.27
q  18408.77 W
q  18.408 kW

(b)
Total loss of energy at the end of the year:
day 24 h 3600s
E  18408.77  365  
year day h
 580538970720 J
Efficiency of the boiler:
E
f 
Ef
580538970720
0.90 
Ef
E f  645043300800 J
Annual cost of heat loss:
C  E f Cg
0.02
C  645043300800 
106
C  $12900.866016

2.4P
Fourier’s law,
dT
q   kA
dx
Fourier’s law is written as,
dT
q  k0 (1   T ) A
dx
L T2

q  dx   k0 A  (1   T )dT
0 T1
T2
T 2
qL   k0 A T 
2 T1

 k0 A   T12  T22  
q  T1  T2   
L  2 
 
k A  
q  0 1  T1  T2   T1  T2 
L  2 
k0 A 1   Tm T1  T2 
q
L

SP-1: