Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Chaetodipus Fallax

    Uploaded by

    Krisztina Margit Horváth
    2 views6 pages
    mammals

    Original Title

    Chaetodipus_fallax

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    mammals

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    2 views6 pages

    Chaetodipus Fallax

    Uploaded by

    Krisztina Margit Horváth
    mammals

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 6
    MAMMALIAN SPECIES no. 517 Chaetodipus fallax. pp. 1-6, 4 figs By James Alden Lackey Published 17 May 1996 by the American Society of Mammalogists Chaetodipus fallax (Merriam, 1889) San Diego Pocket Mouse Perognathus fallax Merviam, 185919, Type locality “San Bernar- ‘tno fin San Bernardino Counts), Cal. (Califoria)" Osgood (1900.55) subsequently described the type locality as Canyon, 3 miles southeast of Calton, San Berardi Gal.” Grinnell (1983:153) alded “1250 feet” to Ongood’s de scription ofthe type loealis Cthactodipus), fallax: Hafner end Hainer, 1988:24, Elevation of Subgenus to generic status CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order Rodentia, Family H cromyidae, Subfamily Perognathinae, Six subspecies of C. fallax fare recognized by Wiliams eta. (1993) C.F. anthony: Osgood (190056). Type locality “South Bay, Certo [Cecn) Island, Lower [Baja] California,” Moric, C.f fallax Merriam, 1889219, see abv. Gf. inapinus Nelson. and. Goldman, 19295110, Type locality “Turtle (also Known San Bartolome) Bay, Lower [Baa fori, Mexia” Cf. majuseudus Huey, 1960418. Type locality “San Quintin, Baja Califamia, Mesic.” (20°30'N, 115°59'W—Bond, 1969) C.F pallidus Mearns, 1901:135. Type locality “Mountain Spring, fal-way up the eat slope ofthe Coast Range Mountains, the Mesican Boundary Line, in San Diego County California (type locality now within Imperial County—Huey, 1960) Cf. xeratrophicis Huey, 19605419. Type leality “2 mi, northwest of Chapala. Baja California, Mexico.” 29°25'N, TL20°W— Bond, 1969) DIAGNOSIS. Te following characte singly or clletvey dine tinguish C. fallax from ther species of pocket mniew in the gener Chaetodipue and) Porgnathus sympatric with C. fallax. The ane tha distinet spines or bites, the lateral Kinet well marked ned the pelage is nt markedly hispid. The intrparictal i pentyl sith ‘conspicuous anterior angle the cranium is modersely arches, ae he ‘strum is atenuate and narow. Total length is >170 mn (Hall 1981) GENERAL CHARACTERS, Chactodipus fallax (Fig 1) ‘medium in size compared with other species of the genus, The upper pants of the pelage ate rich brown, darker oxer the ramp, Pic. 1. Chactodipus fallax from Anza Borrego State Park, Diego Co., California’ Photograph by John Harrs/Manmal Slide Library ‘and under parts are white or creamy white. Bristles om the ump are black, whereas those on the flank are white, The lateral line and subterinal potions of hairs of the upper parts are pinkish Inf. The tail i long and crested, datk above and white below. The cere are dusky on the inflexed portion, and shitsh on the inner Surface. The cranium (Fig. 2) is arched, the inteparieal is wide Pic. 2. Dorssl, ventral, and lateral views of lateral view of mandible of Chaetodipus fallax from 4 mi. SW Perris, Riverside Co., California (female, San Diego Natural History Museum 6624), Greatest length of cranium is 25.3 mm, Photo- araphs by James Fort We Fic. 8, Distrbution of Chastodipus fallax in California and Baja California, Mexico (Hall, 1981). 1, Cf fallax; 2, Cf. no pinus;3, Cf. majusculus; 4 Cf pallidus, 8, C.f. xerotrphicus. With the anterior angle obsolete, the mastoids are large, and the hasofronal suture is lightly or not a all emanginate (Hall, 1981: Osgood, 1900; Ryan, 1968). ‘Means of measurements (in mm) for samples of 20 males and 20 females from throughout the range ofthe spenies were, respee= tively: total length, 191, 187; length of bods, 85, 82: length af 106, 105; length of hind foot, 24, 28: length of ear. 10, 10; basal length of cranium, 16.3, 16.3; greatest length of eranium, 26.6, 26.4; spread of maxillary arches, 124, 12.3; merorbital width, 64, 6.5; nasal length, 10.3, 10.4 intermanillary width, 49, 49: alveolar length, 40, 41; lacrimal length, 19, 20; maillary arch width, 116, 1.6; basioceipital length, 40, 3.9; greatest depth of cranium, 89, 87; greatest width of cranium, 13.8, 18:9: zygomatic width, 13.4, 13.5; and nasal width, 27, 27. The only instance of sexual dimorphism among 19 characters was alveolar length, in which tales were lager: ether species of Chactodipus exhibit from 0 10 12 instances of sexual dimorphism (Best, 1993). DISTRIBUTION. In the United States, the border of the rographic range of the San Diego pocket mouse (Fi. 3) extends from the US-Mesican boundary at San Diego, California, noah- westerly along the Pacific coast to San Onaie, thence northward to the southem edge of the Moheve Desert in Riverside County (GH3O'N), eastward to Twentynine Palms, thence southward tothe US.-Meniean boundary near Mountain Springs, Imperial Count. In Baja California, Mesio, the geographic range encompasses the MAMMALIAN SPECIES 517 D Fic, 4. Glans penis and baculum of Chactodipus fallax: A, lateral view of glans B, ventral view of glans ustating the ur thal lappets and postion of urethra (dashed ines); C, enlarged view of spines; D, Interal view of baculum (afer Kelly, 1960), la from the USMexican bound- “Turtle Bay or San Bartolome Bay) ‘at elevations from 138 m at Palm Springs, Riv- terse Co, to 1/835 m on the northern slopes ofthe San Bernardino ‘Mountains in San Bernardino Co. (Grinnell, 1983). Its elevational range in Baja California ts not clearly described in the literature Huey (1960:415) stated there were no records ofthis species “from the eastern slopes of the Sierra Juarez or the Sierra San Pedro Martir in northern Baja Califoria nor from above the 5:000-foot level along the western slopes of the mountain.” However, inthe same publiestion in the section devoted to C.f: fallax, which oc- ‘curs on the western slopes, no data on the elevational range of this Subspecies in Baja California were provided. Presumably, some ‘populations of C. fallax occur at elevations up to 1,580 m (5,000 {eet) in Baja California, There ix no Tonsil record for this species. FORM. The boculum of C. fallax (Fig 4) resembles that of ‘lose relatives such a8 C. spinatus, C. calfornicus, and C. aren- Gris in having a large base, «thin tapering shalt, and a sharply MAMMALIAN SPECIES 517 ‘upturned tip. Means of measurements (in mm) from a sample of five C. fallax bacula areas follows: total length, 12.3; lateral di- meer ofthe shaft at midpoint 0.50; dorsoventel diameter of base, 116; lateral diameter of base, 1-3: and angle of curvature of the tp, 120. The glans penis of C. fallax has a slender, elongated form, and no urethral lappets. Tore are numerous smal diamond-shaped spines on the main body of the glans and the bacular projection: ‘ach spine includes a flat stuctare having fie to seven projections pointed posteriorly. Means of measurements (in mm) of five specic ‘mens are_as follows: total length of glans, 6.6: proximal glans length, 5.5; distal glans diameter, 1.3; proximal glans diameter 1.3; and bacular projection diameter, 0.7 (Kelly, 1965) ‘The molars are hypsodant and lophovlot, widh cusps in uns ‘worn dentition reduced to small rugsities on the ccclusa surface: the cusps soon disappear with wear, leaving only two transverse lophs. The pis quadsitubercular, witha connection beteen the two Jophs, the mL and m2 are sexttuberclar and the m3 ie quimque- tubercular. The Phas 2 small unieuspular protolols and a tri- cuspid metaloph. MI and M2 have essentially the stuctare of a and m2. MB consists of the four primitive cusps and a protstyle ‘continuing posteriorly a5 an internal cingulum with the same height 1s the two lophs (Wood, 1931) “The jugular (posterior lacerate) foramen, situated between the tympanic balla and the basioccipital, is large and slit-like in the ‘San Diego pocket mouse and in the several other representatives of the family Heteromyidae examined, whereas this foramen is ‘small in most rodents. The eanal for the internl carotid artery ie not separable fom the jugular foramen in heteromyids including . fallax, but in various other rodents the canal is merely a groove ‘onthe tympanic balla, or a small opening between the basisphenoid ‘and petrotmpanie bones anterior to the tympanic bulla (Hill, 1935}, ‘The middle ears in Chaetodipus and Perognathus have a the- ‘retical tanemission of incident acoustical energy of 94-10%. Middle ear volume (0.05 em), length and width of stapes feotplate (in mm—0.66, 0.34, length of malleus (1.63), and length of ince (0.73) mere elose to the mean forthe 14 species of Perognathus and Chaetodipus examined. The siictre of the cochlea of C.fal= Ta is similar to tat of other species of Chaetodipus, Perognathus, and Liomys in being broad and squct, and having sharply taper ing apex. There are three turas in the euchlea of Chaetodipus and Perognathus, compared with thee and one-half ius in Dipodo ‘mys, Mierodipodops, and Liomys (Webster and Webster, 1925, 1977, ‘When held by the til, individuals of the San Diego pocket ‘mouse sometimes twist violently, often breaking the tail of, sub- Sequent locomotion, however, seeme unimpaired by thie loss (McMillen, 1964). The break occurs acros ane of the caudal ver= Tebrae, usually near its center. Regrowth of the stump ofthe til mounted 10 only afew mun in severl captive specimens examined ‘year later The terminal end of the stump was slightly enlarged and had grown a dense tuft of hairs (Sumner and Collins, 1918}. FUNCTION. Red cell and blood electrolyte metabolism dur ing “hibernation” was studied in C. fallax in the laboratory by ing duration, Blood samples were taken frm f vin tori for 5 days fom io viduals tori for 4 dye, and fom tee tori for 3 days, Body temperature a the tine blood samples were taken svorged 17-7 (ange 159-193°C) hay temperature of active Simla a rom temperate aera SAS7C range 333-367), ‘This regime caused a decrease i red bond cell pots, bt increanes i ell scum and plane potas. When exten Yas induced by constant exposure to an ambient temperature of 25°C, dim re igh, and retited fod, torpdiy was egal in dation Body temperate was 260°C (25-26-50) a the tine ood samples were taken. Cell wadium and plas evel increased slighty bt poly nt sigan The hvestgntors conched tht ing nce levels pba wee te det els of changes in Hood temperature, rater then representing phys Inge aertaton in blood cll metaotnn ant membrane acter. Eletoyte levels in animale experiencing bern teverted st lest pally to normal mh 10 days afer beg ‘tured to om fomperatues and adequate fod supply (Ane tus eal, 1965) Unlike any other dent ssocinte tested, the San Diego pocket a tows gined weight on dit of sods and no fre water, when free water wat wvllabe only two of nine animale drank sigaicant oun (olber species tested ere the dak foted woot, Ne- toma fseipes, set wont N. lpia Caforiamowse, Pere mya calforncus ects muses P. eremicur deer meas, ‘aicuata andthe Pacific kansro rat Dipodomys api © fallas appears capable of « nonal extcnce wih no access tee tater QfacMillen, 1909, One india of fale lve eight ‘oat acer to fee water td with bid eed Tey. 1959) “Aan ambient temperate of 10°, and while subitng sole ty on hulled bare. the urine concentaton of exotcally etve itil of fllas averaged 302 mOsm; at 25°, rine con fertalion was 1281 mOsm and at 30°, urine concentration was ‘£617 Ose. In contrast, rine concentrations ofthe Merriam tangaroo at Dipodomys meriani «desert speie atthe same temperatures were 1,512: 2.726 and 5.020 mOsay respectively Witertorover for C.flls felled bale was 175, 10.9, and 5tb/lay at ambient temperatores of 10 23" and 90°C, resp tively At the same temperatures, wale turover for D. reer tran 1038, 73, and 4.2/ay, roopectively (MacMillen and Hinds 1983} ‘he average mean ring oxygen conmumption (al 0, 64) 2% thermonrtely (Ty = 23-39%) wae 1316. The Ty at hich Iowest mean resting oxygen consumption ocurred (L370) wat ZSC. Mean evaporie water lee (og H,O gr") at Ty of Se 25°C, was 1.904, at Ty = 35°C, evaporative wet loss was 2.735 Gcladed water ued fr cooing) The mean body temperate of Calan nt T,

    You might also like