9

MCRBG-0901-SK.
qxd 5-25-2001 11:17 AM Page 182
CHAPTER 9
Lesson 9.1 9.1 Practice and Applications (pp. 531–534)
Think and Discuss (p. 525) 11. Q

Q
S
1. AB and ED are both to BD; in a plane, 2 lines
to the same line are .
2. According to Theorem 4.8, if the hypotenuse and leg of
S R T S T R
one right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and
corresponding leg of another right triangle, the two
triangles are congruent. 12. SRQ ~ TSQ ~ TRS
x 20 4 x 5 x
Skill Review (p. 526) 13. 14. 15.
20 12 x 9 x 3
1. mL 180 30 60 90 12x 400 36 x2 15 x2
JKL is a right triangle. 1 x6 x 15
x 33
2. 3.
3
J y
16. ZYX ~ WYZ ~ WZX; ZW
1
x 17. SQR ~ TQS ~ TSR; RQ
hypotenuse
leg, altitude 1
18. GFE ~ HFG ~ HGE; EH
altitude
19. CBA ~ DBC ~ DCA
K L 12 x
leg, altitude
16 12
x3 x
4. 5. B 144 16x
5 3
3x 3 5x 60° x9
20. GEF ~ HGF ~ HEG
3x 9 5x 30°
A C
9 2x x 20

Two angles of JKL are con- 20 25
9
x gruent to two angles of ABC, 25x 400
2
therefore ABC JKL by
x 16
the AA Sim. Post.
21. LKJ ~ MLJ ~ MKL
x 32
Developing Concepts Activity (p. 527)
32 15
3. All of the triangles are similar. 15x 1024
x 68.3
9.1 Guided Practice (p. 531)
22. RSQ ~ TRQ ~ TSR
1. geometric mean 2. KML; JMK 3. MK
x 40
4. JM 5. JK 6. LJ 7. KM 8. KM 9. LK
40 32
97 72 32x 1600
10.
72 DC
x 50
DC 53.4
23. CBA ~ DBC ~ DCA
53.4 FD
x 4
FD 43.6
4 x
DF 48.3
x2 16
x4
182 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Chapter 9 Worked-out Solution Key All rights reserved.
MCRBG-0901-SK.qxd 5-25-2001 11:17 AM Page 183
Chapter 9 continued
24. HGE ~ FHE ~ FGH 32. xy h 5.5 X
x 18 xy wy

7 x wy zy
x2 126 h 5.5 18 h

x 126 314 11.2 18 5.5 W
18 ft Y
1
x 9 x 16 5 m7 5.5h 30.25 324 5 2 ft
25. 26. 27. Z
3 x 12 20 7 5 h 64.4 ft Not drawn to scale
x2 27 20x 192 7m 49 25 33. DCB ~ DAC ~ CAB

x 33 x 9.6 7m 74 CD 1.5 AC 2 DB 1.5

4 2 2.5 2 2.5 1.5 2.5
m 10
7 CD 1.2 m AD 1.6 m DB 0.9 m
2 1.20.9
1
16 14 Area of DCB
28.
14 c 0.54 m2
16c 196 Area of DAC 121.61.2
1 0.96 m2
c 12
4
c e Area of CAB 1221.5
d 16 c
e d 1.5 m2
1
16 12 1
124 e 34. Given ABC is a right triangle and altitude CD is drawn
4
e 33 to hypotenuse AB; DBC and DCA are right triangles
3 4
3 by the definition of right triangles; CDB ACB
4 49 15 because all right angles are congruent; B B by
e2
44 reflexive property for angles; therefore ACB ~ CDB
715 by the AA Similarity Postulate; ADC ACB because
e
4 all right angles are congruent; A A by the reflexive
2 property for angles; therefore ACB ~ ADC by the AA
24 32 663 y 32 24
29. Similarity Postulate; mACD mDCB 90 by the
32 x y 24 z 40
Angle Addition Postulate; mDCB mB 90
24x 1024 y2 1600 24z 1280 because the two acute angles in a right triangle are
2 1 complementary; m∠ACD m∠B by the Transitive and
x 42 y 40 z 53 Subtraction Properties of Equality, so ACD B by
3 3
the def. of congruent ; CDA CDB because all
x9 8 right angles are congruent; so DCA ~ DBC by the
30.
18 x9 AA Similarity Postulate.
x2 18x 81 144
35. From Ex. 34, CBD ~ ACD. Corresponding side
x2 18x 63 0
BD CD
x 21x 3 0 lengths are in proportion, so .
CD AD
x 21 0 x30 36. From Ex. 34, ABC ~ CBD and ABC ~ ACD.
x 21 x3 Corresponding side lengths are in proportion, so
Solution: x 3 AB BC AB AC
and .
BC BD AC AD
31. About 76 cm; ABC and ADC are congruent right
triangles by the SSS Congruence Postulate, so AC is a 37. Values of the ratios will vary, but will not be equal. The
perpendicular bisector of BD. By Geometric Mean theorem says they are equal.
Theorem 9.3, the altitude from D to hypotenuse AC 38. The ratios are equal.
divides AC into segments of lengths about 23.7 cm and
39. The ratios are equal when the triangle is a right triangle
61.1 cm. By Geometric Mean Theorem 9.2, the length
but are not equal when the triangle is not a right triangle.
of the altitude to the hypotenuse of each right triangle is
about 38 cm long, so the crossbar BD should be about
2 38, or 76 cm long.
Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 183

All rights reserved. Chapter 9 Worked-out Solution Key
Chapter 9 continued
AB CB Lesson 9.2
40. Using the right triangle, calculate the values of , ,
CB DB
AB AC AB CB 9.2 Guided Practice (p. 538)
, . These proportions should be true:
AC AD CB DB
AB AC 1. Sample answer: In a right triangle, the square of the
and . Now drag C to change the value of
AC AD length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the
AB CB AB squares of the lengths of the legs.
mC (so m∠C 90) and recalculate , , , and
CB DB AC
2. A, C
AC AB CB
. The values of the ratios will vary but 3. 22 12 x2 4. x2 82 102
AD CB DB
AB AC 5 x2 x2 36
and .
AC AD 5 x x6
41. D
no yes
DC 12
42. AD 24 6 5. 42 x2 82 6. 52 d2 62
12 24
AD 18 C x2 48 d2 11
144
DC x 43 d 11
24
DC 6 no 3.3 ft
43. Method 1 9.2 Practice and Applications (pp. 538–541)

Measure the distance from the ground to the person’s
7. 652 722 x2 8. 62 x2 92
eye level (DC) and the distance from the person to the
BC AC 4225 5184 x2 36 x2 81
building (AC). Use the proportion and solve
AC DC 9409 x2 x2 45
for BC (the height of the building). One advantage of
97 x x 35
this method is you only need two measurements. One
disadvantage is you need a friend to help. yes no
Method 2 9. 392 x2 892 10. 92 402 x2
Measure the length of the building’s shadow (QS), the 1521 x2 7921 81 1600 x2
height of the pole (NP) and the length of the pole’s x2 6400 1681 x2
MP NP
shadow (MP). Use the proportion and solve x 80 41 x
QS RS
for RS (the height of the building). One advantage is it yes yes
can be done by one person. One disadvantage is it must 11. 72 x2 92 12. 22 32 x2
be done when the building and pole cast a shadow.
49 x2 81 4 9 x2
9.1 Mixed Review (p. 534) x2 32 13 x2
44. n2 169 45. 14 x2 78 46. d2 18 99 x 42 13 x
n ± 13 x2 64 d2 81 no no
13. 8 x 16
2 2 2
14. 202 x2 292
x ±8 d ±9
47. If the measure of one of the angles of a triangle is greater
64 x2 256 400 x2 841
than 90, then the triangle is obtuse; true. x2 192 x2 441
48. If the corresponding angles of two triangles are congru- x 83 x 21
ent, then the two triangles are congruent; false. no yes
49. A 2 612 A 74.5
1
50. 15. 14 14 x
2 2 2
16. 82 x2 162
36 in.2 31.5 cm2 196 196 x2 64 x2 256
2 12 135
1
51. A 392 x2 x2 192
62.5 m2 142 x x 83
no

Chapter 9 continued
17. 62 b2 102 18. 32 b2 52 29. 10 cm
36 b2 100 9 b2 25
10 cm
b
b2 64 b2 16
b8 b4 6 cm 10 cm
12 8 4 11 4 7
42 62 x2 32 72 x2 62 b2 102
16 36 x2 9 49 x2 b2 100 36 64
52 x2 58 x2 b8
2 810 16
1
213 x 58 x A
19. 122 162 t2 20. 92 122 t2 104 cm2
144 256 t2 81 144 t2 30. 122 b2 132 31. 652 652 c2
400 t2 225 t2 144 b2 169 8450 c2
20 t 15 t b2 25 91.9 ft c
21. 182 s2 302 22. 202 r2 1012 b5 Distance from pitcher’s
d1 12 8 20 plate to home is 50 feet.
324 s2 900 400 r2 10,201 The distance from second
s 576
2 r2 9801 d2 5 5 10 base to home is about 91.9
s 24 r 99 A 122010 feet so the distance from
100 m2 second to the pitcher’s
23. 352 s2 372 24. 5952 r2 7572 plate is 91.9 50 or
1225 s2 1369 354,025 r2 573,049 about 41.9 feet.
s2 144 r2 219,024 32. The minimum distance of the
base of the ladder from the wall ladder wall
s 12 r 468 10
is 4 or 2.5 feet. The ladder, if
25. 92 b2 122 26. 52 b2 142 placed 2.5 feet from the wall,
10 ft 9.7 ft
will reach 100 6.25 9.7
81 b2 144 25 b2 196
feet up the wall.
b2 63 b2 171
b 37 b 319 2.5 ft
33. 3 ft 36 inches
A 2 9
1
37 A 1
2 319 5 2 ft 6 in. 30 inches
35.7 cm2 32.7 m2
362 152 c2
27. 3.52 b2 82
1296 225 c2
12.25 b2 64
1521 c2
b2 51.75
39 in. c
b 7.2
39 in. 39 in. 16 in. 94 in.
A 1277.2
34. 300 ft 3600 in.
25.2 cm2
300 ft 1 in. 3601 in.
28. a2 42 52
36002 h2 36012
a2 25 16 9
h2 7201
a3m
h 84.9 in.
42 b2 8.52
35. r 3 in.4 6 in.2 12 in.2
b2 72.25 16 56.25
12 12 24
b 7.5 m
48 in.
base a b 3 7.5 10.5 m
A 1210.54
21 m2

Chapter 9 continued
49. 73 147
2
36. 182 302 r2 50. no 51. no 52. no 53. no
324 900 r2 54. yes
1224 r2 11
55. Sample answer: slope of PQ 2 slope of RS; slope
35.0 in. r 5
of QR 4 slope of PS. Both pairs of opposite sides
Method 2 uses less ribbon. are parallel, so PQRS is a parallelogram by the definition
of a parallelogram.
37. The area of the large square is a b2. Also, the area of
the large square is the sum of the areas of the four con- 56. Sample answer: slope of PQ 3 slope of RS; slope
3
gruent right triangles plus the area of the small square, or of QR 8 slope of PS. Both pairs of opposites sides
are parallel, so PQRS is a parallelogram by the definition
412 a b c2. Thus, a b2 412 a b c2, of a parallelogram.
and so a2 2ab b2 2ab c2. Subtracting 2ab from
each side gives a2 b2 c2.
Lesson 9.3
38. The area of the trapezoid is 2 a b2. Also, the area of
1
the trapezoid is equal to the sum of the areas of the two Activity 9.3 Investigating Sides and Angles of Triangles
congruent right triangles plus the area of the isosceles (p. 542)
triangle or
Construct
12 a b 12 a b 12 c2. Thus Constructions may vary.
2 a b2 a b 12c2, and so
1
2 2ab b2 2ab c2. Subtracting

Investigate
a 2ab from each
side gives a2 b2 c2. Values in tables may vary.
39. a. AB 82 42 b. AB 144 64 Conjecture
45 413 4. AC2 BC2 AB2 when mC 90
BD 80 16 BD 208 100 AC2 BC2 < AB2 when mC > 90
9.8 ft 17.5 ft AC2 BC2 > AB2 when mC < 90
yes No. The longest space in the
9.3 Guided Practice (p. 545)
room is the diagonal of the
room which is only about 1. Sample answer: If the square of the length of the longest
17.5 ft long. side of a triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the
c. d l2 w2 h2 lengths of the other two sides, then the triangle is a right
triangle.
The length of the diagonal of the base is l2 w2.
The length of the diagonal of the box is 2. acute: c2 < 242 182
c < 30
l 2 w 22 h2 l 2 w 2 h2.
right: c2 242 182
The length of one side of the rhombus is 12a 12b
2 2
40.
c 30
or 12a2 b2. Multiplying the length of one side by 4
obtuse: c2 > 242 182
gives the perimeter of the rhombus, which is
c > 30
412a2 b2 or 2a2 b2.
3. C 4. D 5. D 6. A
41. P 2a2 b2; a x, b 0.75x
7. No; the sum of 222 382 1928, while 452 2025.
80 2x2 0.75x2 Since the two numbers are not equal, the triangles formed
40 x2 0.5625x2 by the crossbars and the sides are not right triangles so
the crossbars are not perpendicular.
40 1.5625x2
40 1.25x 9.3 Practice and Applications (pp. 546–548)
32 x 8. 972 ? 652 722 9. 892 ? 802 392
a 32 cm, b 0.7532 24 cm 9409 9409 7921 7921
9.2 Mixed Review (p. 541) right right

10. 23 2
? 20.8 10.5
2 2
11. 262 ? 12 52
42. 6 6 43. 9 9 44. 14 14
2 2 2
529 < 542.89 26 26

45. 22 8 46. 413 208
2 2
not right right

47. 549 1225 48. 49 36
2 2

Chapter 9 continued
12. 33 2 ? 22 52 13. 435 2 ? 202 132 30. distance from B to C 3 02 7 32
27 < 29; not right 560 < 569; not right 5

14. 202 992 ? 1012 15. 212 28 2
? 35 2 distance from B to A 3 42 7 62
400 9801 ? 10,201 441 784 ? 1225 52
10,201 10,201; right 1225 1225; right distance from A to C 4 02 6 32
16. 102 172 ? 262 17. not a triangle 5
100 289 ? 676 52 52 52 2
389 < 676; obtuse 25 25 50; therefore ABC is a right triangle by the
67
Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem.
18. 42 2 ? 92 19. 13 62 2
? 7 2
31. Computing slopes is easier because it involves two calcu-

16 67 ? 81 13 36 ? 49
lations, not three. Computing slopes also does not involve
83 > 81; acute 49 49; right square roots.
20. 162 302 ? 342 21. 102 112 ? 142 32. y PQ 3 52 4 02
256 900 ? 1156 100 121 ? 196 45
P(3, 4)
1156 1156; right 221 > 196; acute 2 PR 3 62 4 22
Q(5, 0)
22. 42 52 ? 52 23. 172 144 2
? 145 2
6 x 35
16 25 ? 25 289 20,736 ? 21,025 R(6, 2)
RQ 6 52 2 02
41 > 25; acute 21,025 21,025; right 55
24. 102 492 ? 502 25. 5 52 ? 5.52 45 2 35 2 ? 55 2
100 2401 ? 2500 5 25 ? 30.25 80 45 125
2501 > 2500; acute 30 < 30.25; obtuse The triangle is a right triangle.
26. Rectangle; the quadrilateral has two pairs of 33. y PQ 1 42 2 12
congruent opposite sides. Each triangle formed by
P(1, 2) 26
either diagonal is a right triangle because in each case Q(4, 1)
142 82 265 2; 260 260. Therefore, the 1 PR 1 02 2 12
quadrilateral has four right angles. The quadrilateral 2 x 10
is a rectangle. R(0, 1)
RQ 0 42 1 12
27. Square; the diagonals bisect each other, so the quadri-
17
lateral is a parallelogram. The diagonals are congruent,
so the parallelogram is a rectangle. 12 12 2 2, 10 2 17 2 ? 26 2
so the diagonals intersect at right angles to form perpen- 27 > 26
dicular lines; thus, the parallelogram is also a rhombus.
A quadrilateral that is both a rectangle and a rhombus is The triangle is an acute triangle.
a square. 34. Since 22 32 < 42, ABC is obtuse and ABC is
28. Rhombus; the diagonals bisect each other so the quadri- obtuse. 1 and ABC are a linear pair and are therefore
lateral is a parallelogram. 32 42 52,
so the diagonals supplementary. By the definition of supplementary
intersect at right angles to form perpendicular lines so the angles, mABC m1 180. Since ABC is obtuse,
parallelogram is a rhombus. mABC > 90. Therefore, m1 < 90. 1 is an acute
angle by definition of an acute angle.
63 3
29. slope of AC
40 4
; 35. Since 10 2 22 < 42, ABC is obtuse and
73 4 C is obtuse. By the Triangle Sum Theorem,
slope of BC ; mA mABC mC 180. C is obtuse, so
30 3
Since
3
4
4
1, AC BC , so ABC is a right
3
mC > 90. It follows that mABC < 90. Vertical angles
are congruent, so mABC m1. By substitution,
angle. Therefore, ABC is a right triangle by the defini- m1 < 90. By the definition of an acute angle, 1 is
tion of a right triangle. acute.

Chapter 9 continued
36. If a, b, and c are a Pythagorean triple, then a2 b2 c2. 43.
Let k represent a positive integer. Multiplying both Statements Reasons
sides of the equation by k2 gives the equation
k2a2 b2 k2c2, or k2a2 k2b2 k2c2 by the 1. x2 a2 b2 1. Pythagorean Theorem
Distributive Property. So ka2 kb2 kc2 by a 2. c2 a2 b2 2. Given
property of powers. Since k 0, ka, kb, and kc represent 3. c2 x2 3. Substitution prop. of equality
the side lengths of a right triangle by the Converse of the
Pythagorean Theorem. 4. c x 4. A property of square roots
37. A, C, D 38. rectangle 5. mN mR 5. Converse of Hinge Thm.
39. 1692 ? 1192 1202 66492 ? 48002 46012 6. N is a right angle. 6. Given, def. of rt. angle, def.
of obtuse angle, subst. prop.
28,561 28,561 ✓ 44,209,201 44,209,201 ✓ of equality
18,5412 ? 13,5002 12,7092
7. LMN is a right 7. Def. of right triangle
343,768,681 343,768,681 ✓ triangle. (N is the largest .)
40. 714 ? 599 403
2 2 2
44. 77 362 2
? 85 2
822 402 ? 912
509,796 < 521,210 so the is acute. 5629 1296 ? 7225 6724 1600 ? 8281
Cincinnati is not directly north of Tallahassee. It is north- 6925 < 7225 8324 > 8281
west of Tallahassee.
ABC is obtuse DEF is acute
41. Reasons
A is obtuse D is acute
1. Pythagorean Theorem
A
2. Given
45. mA > 90, so mB mC < 90
3. Substitution property of equality
mD < 90, so mE mF > 90
5. Converse of the Hinge Theorem
B
6. Given, def. of right angle, def. of acute angle, and
substitution property of equality 46.
7. Def. of acute triangle (C is the largest angle of Statements Reasons

ABC .) 1. NP is an altitude. 1. Given
42. Given: In ABC, c2 > a2 b2 2. NPMQ 2. Def. of altitude
Prove: ABC is an obtuse triangle. 3. ∠MPN and ∠QPN are 3. Def. of perpendicular
Plan for Proof: Draw right triangle PQR with side lengths right angles.
a, b, and hypotenuse x. Compare lengths c and x. 4. MPN and QPN are 4. Def. of right triangle
right triangles.
Q
A 5. MN2 s2 t2, 5. Pythagorean Theorem
c b
x NQ2 r2 t2
b
6. MN2 NQ2 6. Addition and
C a B P a R s2 t2 r2 t2 Substitution properties
s2 2t2 r2 of equality
Statements Reasons
7. t is the geometric mean of 7. Given
1. x2 a2 b2 1. Pythagorean Theorem r and s.
2. c2 > a2 b2 2. Given r t
8. 8. Def. of geometric mean
3. c2 > x2 3. Substitution prop. of equality t s
4. c > x 4. A property of square roots 9. t2 rs 9. Cross product prop.
5. mC > mP 5. Converse of Hinge Thm. 10. MN NQ
2 2 10. Substitution prop. of
6. C is an obtuse angle. 6. Given, def. of rt. angle, def. s2 2rs r2 equality
of obtuse angle, subst. prop. r s2
of equality 11. r s MQ 11. Given (diagram)
7. ABC is an obtuse 7. Def. of obtuse triangle 12. MN NQ MQ

2 2 2 12. Substitution prop. of
triangle. (C is the largest of equality
ABC .) 13. MQN is a right triangle. 13. Converse of the
Pythagorean Thm.

Chapter 9 continued
9.3 Mixed Review (p. 549) Conjecture
47. 22 2 44 211 3. The length of the hypotenuse is the product of the length
of one side and 2.
48. 6 8 48 43
49. 14 6 84 221 Exploring the Concept

50. 15 6 90 310
4. Triangles may vary.
3 311 4 45
51. 52. 6. triangle with side length 4 cm: side lengths: 2 cm, 4 cm,
11 11 5 5 23 cm
12 12 42 triangle with side length 6 cm: side lengths: 3 cm, 6 cm,
53. 22
18 32 2 33 cm
8 8 46 26
54. triangle with side length 8 cm: side lengths: 4 cm, 8 cm,
24 26 6 3 43 cm
7
55. an enlargement with center C and scale factor 4
3 Conjecture
56. reduction with center C and scale factor 5
57. 5x x 36 2y y 11 hypotenuse 4 6 8
7. : 2; 2; 2
shorter leg 2 3 4
4x 36 y 11
longer leg 23 33 43
x9 : 3; 3; 3
shorter leg 2 3 4
Quiz 1 (p. 549) ratio of hypotenuse:longer leg:shorter leg 2:3:1
1. CDB ~BDA ~ CBA 2. BD 9.4 Guided Practice (p. 554)

9 15 9 BD
3. 4. 1. Right triangles with angle measures 454590 and
15 AC 15 20 306090
9AC 225 180 15BD 2. According to the AA Similarity Postulate, since two
AC 25 BD 12 angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of the
5. 3 x 7
2 2 2
6. x 12 18
2 2 2 other triangle, the two triangles are similar.
x 210 x 65 3. true 4. false 5. false 6. true 7. true

8. true 9. x 42 10. a 2; b 23
7. x2 62 182
x 122 11. hk
8. 2192 ? 1682 1402 9 2k

47,961 > 47,824 9
k
2
No; the square of the longest side is larger than the sum
of the squares of the smaller sides. 92
kh
2
Lesson 9.4
9.4 Practice and Applications (pp. 554–556)
Activity 9.4 Developing Concepts (p. 550)
12. x 5; y 52 13. a 123; b 24
14. e 22
Exploring the Concept
15. d 2 8 16. c 5; d 53
1. Triangles may vary.
d 42
2. side length 3 cm: 32 32 c2
c 42
c 32 cm
17. q 162; r 16 18. m 12; p 63
side length 4 cm: 42 42 c2
19. f 3 8 20. n 6
c 42 cm
83
side length 5 cm: 52 52 c2 f
3
c 52 cm
163
h
3

Chapter 9 continued
2.52 x2 52
12
2
21.
39. Stage 1: x2 x2 12 Stage 2: x2 x2
6.25 x2 25
5 cm 5 cm 2x2 1
x2 18.75 1
x
1 2x2
x
2 2
x 4.3 cm 2
1
2.5 cm 1 x2
5 cm x 4
2
1
22. 4s 36 x
9 in. 2
s 9 in. 2
12 22
2
1
Stage 3: x2 x2 Stage 4: x2 x2
92 92 x2 9 in. x 9 in.
81 81 x2 1 1
2x2 2x2
162 x2 4 8
9 in.
12.7 in. x 1 1
x2 x2
8 16
23. x2 x2 262
1 1
2x2 676 x x
x
26 in. 22 4
x2 338
1
x 18.4 in. 40. The pattern of the lengths is , where n the number
2n
x of the stage.
1 1 1
24. A
1

2 43 8 27.7 ft2 41.
28

16
Substitute 8 for n into the formula
2n
and
25. A 2 6 63
1
31.2 ft2 simplify.
26. A 5 23 17.3 m2
27. A 6 2 4 23 41.6 ft2
1
9.4 Mixed Review (p. 557)
28. x 3 cm 1.7 cm 29. x 1.42 2.0 cm 42. Let x length of the third side; 14 9 > x; x 9 > 14;
30. y 23 3.5 cm; x 2 2 4 cm 5 cm < x < 23 cm
31. r 2 t2 v 6 43. Q1, 2 44. P8, 3 45. A4, 5
s 3 u 5 w 7 46. B0, 10 47. AA Similarity Postulate
I used the Pythagorean theorem in each right triangle, 48. SAS Similarity Theorem 49. SSS Similarity Theorem
working from left to right.
Math & History
32. Going from left to right: triangle 1
33. Going from left to right: triangle 3 1. area of triangles: 4 12 ab 2ab
34. n 1
area of square: b a2 b2 2ab a2
35. Let DF x. Then EF x. By the Pythagorean
Theorem, x2 x2 DE2; 2x2 DE2; 2. 2ab b2 2ab a2 c2
DE 2x2 2 x by a property of square roots. a2 b2 c2
Thus the hypotenuse is 2 times as long as a leg.
→
36. Construct CD on BC so that CD BC a. Then Lesson 9.5
ADC ABC by the SAS Cong. Post. B D
and BAC CAD, because they are corresponding 9.5 Guided Practice (p. 562)
parts of congruent triangles. Therefore mD 60 and BC AC BC
mCAD 30. mBAD mBAC mCAD 1. sin A cos A tan A
AB AB AC
30 30 60. BAD is equiangular so it is also equi-
lateral. Since it is equilateral, AB 2a. If BC a and 2. The value of a trigonometric ratio depends only on the
AB 2a, then AC 2a2 a2 3 a. The side measure of the acute angle, not on the particular right
lengths are in the following ratio: hypotenuse:longer leg: triangle used to compute the value.
shorter leg 2a:3 a:a. Therefore, in a 306090 4 3 4 3 4 3
triangle, the hypotenuse is twice as long as the shorter leg 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
5 5 3 5 5 4
and the longer leg is 3 times as long as the shorter leg.
37. C 38. A; 6 63 12 28.4 cm

Chapter 9 continued
7 t s
9. sin 25 29. sin 23 cos 23
d 34 34
d 16.6, or about 17 ft t 13.3 s 31.3
4 s
9.5 Practice and Applications (pp. 562–565) 30. cos 36 tan 36
r 4
45 28 r 4.9 s 2.9
10. sin R 0.8491 cos R 0.5283
53 53 t u
31. sin 65 cos 65
45 28 8 8
tan R 1.6071 sin S 0.5283
28 53 t 7.3 u 3.4
45 28
cos S 0.8491 tan S 0.6222 32. sin 70
9
tan 70
9
53 45 v w
6 8 v 9.6 w 3.3
11. sin B 0.6 cos B 0.8
10 10
6 6
6 8 33. sin 22 tan 22
tan B 0.75 sin A 0.8 x y
8 10
x 16.0 y 14.9
6 8
cos A 0.6 tan A 1.3333 1
34. A 2 22 22 4 cm
10 6 2
3 2
12. sin X 0.8321 cos X 0.5547 1
13 13 35. A 126.9 41.6 m2
2
3 2
tan X 1.5 sin Y 0.5547 1
2 13 36. A 116
2
3 34.9 m2
3 2
cos Y 0.8321 tan Y 0.6667 h d
13 3 37. tan 13 38. tan 42
58.2 40
7 24
13. sin D 0.28 cos D 0.96 h 13.4 m d 36.0 m
25 25
7 24 39. vertical drop, x 5500 5018 482 ft
tan D 0.2917 sin F 0.96
24 25 482
sin 20
7 24 d
cos F 0.28 tan F 3.4286
25 7 1409.3 ft
2 1 d 30
14. sin G 0.8944 cos G 0.4472 40. tan 55 41. sin 45
5 5 500 26 x
30
tan G
2
2 sin H
1
0.4472 d 714.1 m x 26
1 5
sin 45
x 16.4 in.
2 1
cos H 0.8944 tan H 0.5 x
5 2 42. tan 20
8
5 3
15. sin J 0.8575 cos J 0.5145 x 2.9 ft
34 34
a b a
5 3 43. sin A cos A tan A
tan J 1.6667 sin K 0.5145 c c b
3 34
b a b
5 3 sin B cos B tan B
cos K 0.8575 tan K 0.6 c c a
34 5
44. The tangent of one acute angle of a right triangle is the
16. 0.7431 17. 0.9744 18. 6.3138 19. 0.4540
reciprocal of the tangent of the other acute angle. The
20. 0.3420 21. 0.0349 22. 0.9781 23. 0.8090 sine of one acute angle of a right triangle is the same as
24. 0.4245 25. 0.4540 26. 0.8290 27. 2.2460 the cosine of the other acute angle and the cosine of one
acute angle of a right triangle is the same as the sine of
6 6
28. tan 37 sin 37 the other acute angle.
y x
y 8.0 x 10.0

Chapter 9 continued
45. Procedures may vary. One method is to reason that since 52. Statements Reasons
the tangent ratio is equal to the ratio of the lengths of the 1. ABC is a right 1. Given
legs, the tangent is equal to 1 when the legs are equal in triangle with side
length, that is, when the triangle is a 454590 lengths a, b, and
triangle. Tan A > 1 when mA > 45, and tan A < 1 when hypotenuse c.
mA < 45, since increasing the measure of A in-
creases the length of the opposite leg and decreasing the a
2. tan A 2. Def. of tangent
measure of A decreases the length of the opposite leg. b
46. ABC is not a right triangle, so you cannot use the b a

3. cos A ; sin A 3. Def. of sine and cosine
trigonometric ratios. c c
a
B
sin A c a
4. 4. Subst. prop of equality and
cos A b b
18 dividing and simplifying
x c fractions
sin A
A
30 55
C 5. tan A 5. Transitive property of
cos A
equality
x 9
sin 30 sin 55
18 BC 8
53. sin 25 ;D 54. C
x9 BC 11.0 CD
47. Reasons x y
55. tan 53 tan 29
60 60
1. Given
x 79.62 y 33.26
2. Pythagorean Theorem
xyh
3. Division property of equality
79.62 33.26 h
5. Substitution property of equality
h 46 ft
1 3
48. sin 30 cos 30
2 2
2 2
sin 30° cos 30°
2 1
2
2
2 3
56.
Q
enlargement;
6
1 3 scale factor
1 3
4 4 6 10
2
2 2
49. sin 45 cos 45 Q QR 10
2 2 P 8
2 2
3 5 R PR 8
sin 45°2 cos 45°2 22 22 P 4 R
2 2
1
4 4
3 1 57. MNP ~ NQP ~ MQN
50. sin 60 cos 60
2 2 7 QP 18.27 NP
2 2
2
3 1 15 7 NP 3.27
sin 60°2 cos 60°2
2 49 15QP NP2 59.7429
3 1 QP 3.27 NP 7.73
1
4 4
58. x2 952 1932 59. x2 502 652
51. sin 13 0.2250 cos 13 0.9744
x2 9025 37,249 x2 2500 4225
sin 13°2 cos 13°2 0.22502 0.97442
x2 28,224 x2 1725
1
x 168 x 569
yes no

Chapter 9 continued
60. 42.92 702 x2 Lesson 9.6
1840.41 4900 x2 Activity 9.6 Developing Concepts (p. 567)
6740.41 x2
1. B
82.1 x
no 5 cm
3 cm
Quiz 2 (p. 566)
1. x 23 m A 4 cm C
3.5 m
4m 4m 3 4 3
x 2. sin A 0.6 cos A 0.8 tan A 0.75
5 5 4
3. sin1 0.6 36.9 cos1 0.8 36.9 tan1 0.75 36.9
2m
4m 4. The values are approximately equal.
2. 4 in. x 42 in. 9.6 Guided Practice (p. 570)
5.7 in. 1. To solve a right triangle is to find the measures of all

x angles and the lengths of all sides of the triangle.
4 in. 4 in.
2. true 3. false 4. mA 35.0 5. mA 79.5
6. mA 64.2 7. mA 84.3
4 in.
56 33
8. 332 562 c2 sin A sin B
65 65
1
3. h 1.53 in. A 31.53 4225 c2 mA 59.5 mB 30.5
2
3 in. 3 in. 3.9 in.2 65 c
h 60 91
9. 912 d2 1092 sin D sin E
109 109
1.5 in. d2 3600 mD 33.4 mE 56.6
3 in.
d 60
10 10 y x
4. sin 40 tan 40 10. sin 60 cos 60 m∠ X 30°
x y 4 4
x 15.6 y 11.9 y 3.5 x2

x y
5. cos 62 sin 62 9.6 Practice and Applications (pp. 570–572)
18 18 55
11. 482 552 QS2 12. sin Q
x 8.5 y 15.9 73
x 5329 QS2 mQ 48.9
20
6. tan 25 cos 25
20 y 73 QS
x 9.3 y 22.1 48
13. sin S
73
950
7. tan 11
d mS 41.1
d 4887.3 ft 14. mA 26.6 15. mA 45 16. mA 30
17. mA 20.5 18. mA 81.4 19. mA 50.2
20. mA 65.6 21. mA 6.3

Chapter 9 continued
20 21 d 3
22. 202 212 AB2 sin B sin A 32. tan 51 cos 51
29 29 3 e
841 AB2 mB 43.6 mA 46.4 d 3.7 e 4.8
29 AB mF 90 51
7 7 mF 39
23. 72 72 DE2 sin E sin D
98 98
4 4
98 DE2 mE 45 mD 45 33. sin 34 tan 34
m
9.9 DE m 7.2 5.9
6 2 mL 90 34
24. 22 62 GH2 sin G sin H
40 40
mL 56
40 GH mG 71.6 mH 18.4
69 69
6.3 GH 34. tan B 35. tan1B
36 36
8 8 1.9167 mB 62.4
25. 82 ML2 9.22 sin L cos K
9.2 9.2
BC 36
ML2 20.64 mL 60.4 mK 29.6 36. 692 362 AB2 37. sin A
AB 6057
ML 4.5 6057 AB2 sin A 0.4626
4 4 77.8 in. AB
26. 42 NQ2 13.62 sin N cos P
13.6 13.6
4855
NQ2 168.96 mN 17.1 mP 72.9 38. tan x 39. 2402 172 x2
17,625
NQ 13.0 x 15.4 57,311 x2
6 6 x 239.4 in. or
27. 62 TS2 12.52 sin S cos R
12.5 12.5 19 ft 11 in.
TS2 120.25 mS 28.7 mR 61.3 17
sin y
TS 11.0 240
q p y 4.1
28. sin 26 cos 26
4.5 4.5 40. 55.2 in.
8 in.
q 2.0 p 4.0 8.33°
54.6 in.
mP 90 26
mP 64 41. Answers may vary.
s t 7 8.25
29. sin 20 cos 20 42. tan x 43. tan x
12 12 11 9
s 4.1 t 11.3 x 32.5° x 42.5°

44. Sample answer: riser length: 6 in.; tread length: 12 in.
mT 90 20
6
mT 70 tan x
12
x 8.5 x 26.6°
30. tan 52 cos 52
8.5 z
45. Sample answer: The riser-to-tread ratio affects the safety
x 10.9 z 13.8 of the stairway in several ways. First, the deeper the tread
the more of a person’s foot can fit on the step. This
mY 90 52
makes a person less likely to fall. Also, the smaller the
mY 38 angle of inclination the less steep the stairway. This
5 a makes the stairs less tiring to climb, and therefore, safer.
31. cos 56 tan 56
c 5
c 8.9 a 7.4
mB 90 56 34

Chapter 9 continued
46. Draw an altitude, CD , from C to AB , and let CD h. In 5
8. tan x
h h 4
rt. ACD, sin A . In rt. BCD, sin B . Thus,
b a x 51.3 north of east
h b sin A and h a sin B. By the substitution
9. 4, 5 4, 2 0, 3
prop. of equality, b sin A a sin B. Dividing both
b a
sides by sin A sin B gives , or 9.7 Practice and Applications (pp. 576–579)
sin B sin A
a b

\
. 10. 4, 1 RS 1 52 1 22 17 4.1

sin A sin B
3, 6 JK 2 12 2 42 35 6.7
\
11.
4, 4 EF 0 42 1 52 42 5.7
\
12.
47. 3, 2 48. 2, 2 49. 1, 3 13. y

2, 7
Q
PQ 2 02 7 02
\
50. 1, 0 51. 1, 2 52. 3, 1

53
x 5 7 49
53. 54. 7.3
30 6 16 y
6x 150 7y 784 1
P 1 x
x 25 y 112
3 g 7 84
55. 56. 3, 5
10 42 18 k 14. y
Q
PQ 5 22 1 62
\
10g 126 7k 1512

g 12.6 k 216 34
m 7 8 4 5.8
57. 58. 1
P
2 1 t 11
1 x
m 14 88 4t
t 22
59. not a triangle 15. y
10, 4
60. 2282 ? 2202 602 61. 8.52 ? 7.72 3.62 PQ 3 72 2 62
\
Q
51,984 < 52,000 72.25 72.25 116
acute right 2 10.8
P
62. 2632 ? 2502 802 63. 1132 ? 1122 152 2 x
69,169 > 68,900 12,769 12,769

obtuse right
64. not a triangle 16. y
6, 4
PQ 4 22 3 72
\
1 x
1
Lesson 9.7
P 52
9.7 Guided Practice (p. 576) 7.2
1. The magnitude of a vector is the distance from its initial
point to its terminal point. The direction of a vector is the Q
angle it makes with a horizontal line.

\ \ \ \
2. AB : 2, 2; PQ : 3, 3; MN : 0, 3; UV : 0, 2

\ \ \ \
3. UV is parallel to MN ; AB is parallel to PQ
4. 2, 2

\
5. 4, 5 AB 4 02 5 02 41 6.4

4, 2 PQ 5 12 4 22 25 4.5
\
6.
2, 5 MN 3 12 4 12 29 5.4
\
7.

Chapter 9 continued
17. y
6, 4 23. 10, 10 and 50, 50
LM 10 502 10 502

1 \
PQ 5 12 0 42

\
P
1 x
52 57 miles per hour
7.2 40
tan x
Q 40
x 45 north of west
24. 0, 0 and 50, 40
OP 0 502 0 402

\
18. y
8, 2
64 miles per hour
PQ 6 2
\
P 2 3 1
2
40
tan x
Q 68 50
1
1 x 8.2 x 38.7 south of west

\ \ \ \ \
25. EF , CD , and AB 26. EF and CD

\ \ \ \
27. EF and CD 28. GH and JK

29. yes; no
1, 4 30. Round 2; the vectors have the same magnitude and
19. y \
P opposite directions. In Round 1, team A won; since CA

\
1
1
x
PQ 6 52 0 42 has a greater magnitude than CB , CA represents a greater
\ \
17 force applied.

\
Q 4.1 31. y u : 4, 1

\
v : 2, 4
\ \
uv u v 6, 5
v
1 u
20. y 3, 0 1 x

\
P Q PQ 0 32 5 52

\
9 32. y u : 6, 2
\
3 5 v : 5, 3
1 \ \
v u v 1, 5
x
1 uv
u
1 x
21. 0, 20 and 60, 30
ST 60 02 30 202

\
u : 2, 4
\
33. y
uv
\
61 miles per hour 1 v : 3, 6

\ \
10 1 x u v 5, 2
tan x v
60 u
x 9.5 north of east
22. 0, 0 and 40, 50
AB 40 02 50 02

\
\
34. y u : 2, 3
64 miles per hour
\
v : 1, 6
u \ \
tan x
50 v u v 3, 3
40 1 uv
x 51.3 south of east 1 x

Chapter 9 continued
35. 4, 11 36. 8, 7 37. 10, 10
\
47. When k > 0, the magnitude of v is k times the magnitude

\
38. 2, 3 39. 4, 4 40. 0, 0 of u and the directions are the same. When k < 0, the

\ \
\ magnitude of v is k times the magnitude of u and the

41. u : 0, 120 \ \
\
direction of v is opposite the direction of u . Justifications
v : 40, 0 may vary.
42. UP 48. a. N
2 s
v
W E
u 2 u
s
S

\
b. s 10 02 2 02 10.2 mi h

2
v tan x
10 10
W E
10 x 11.3 north of east
DOWN c. Answers may vary.
\
49. AB : 54, 24

\
BC : 36, 36

\
43. s 20 602 140 202 126.5 mi h \ \
AB BC 18, 60
the speed at which the skydiver is falling, taking into \
account the breeze. 50. CA : 18, 60
120 18, 60 18, 60 0, 0

44. tan x

\
40 51. AB 542 242 59.1 ft

x 71.6 BC 362 362 50.9 ft
\
CA 182 602 62.6 ft

\
45. UP The new velocity is

30, 120. Total distance 59.1 50.9 62.6 172.6 ft
52. The answer to Ex. 50 is a vector which gives the final
position of the bumper car, while the answer to Ex. 51 is
a number which gives the total distance traveled by the
bumper car.
53. Since D and E are right angles and all right angles
are congruent, D
E . Since ABC is equilateral,
AB
BC. DE AC, so DBA
BAC and
EBC
BCA by the Alternate Interior Angles
Theorem. An equilateral triangle is also equiangular, so
10 mBAC mBCA 60. By the definition of con-
W E
10 gruent angles and the substitution property of equality,
DBA
EBC . ADB
CEB by the AAS
DOWN Congruence Theorem. Corresponding parts of congruent
triangles are congruent, so DB
EB. By the definition of
midpoint, B is the midpoint of DE.

\
46. JK 10
\ 54. x 45 55. x 120 56. x 30
Sample answer: AB 3, 1
y 90 y 30 y 60
The component form must give the same magnitude as

2 2
\
JK . AB 10.
\
57. x 1 x 2x 1
58. x 7 x 14x 49
2 2
59. x 11 x 22x 121

2 2
60. 7 x2 49 14x x2

Chapter 9 continued
Quiz 3 (p. 580) \
PQ : 3, 5
9. y
PQ 3 02 4 12

\
b a Q
1. sin 25 cos 25
46 46
5.8
b 19.4 a 41.7 1
mA 90 25 65 P 1 x
12 12
2. sin 45 tan 45
z y \
10. PQ : 7, 11

z 17.0 y 12 y
P
PQ 2 52 6 52
\
mY 45 4
13.0
m 16 x
3. tan 40 cos 40 2
16 q
m 13.4 q 20.9 Q
mN 90 40 50

8
4. sin 75
p
cos 75
q 11. y tan x
8 8 3
T
p 7.7 q 2.1 x 69.4 north of east
mQ 90 75 15

2
6
5. sin G 62 f 7.6
2 2 S 2 x
7.6
mG 52.1 f 2 21.76
f 4.7 12. 4, 2 13. 2, 4 14. 2, 8
mF 90 52.1 37.9 15. 2, 1 16. 6, 13 17. 0, 3
3
6. sin K 32 2 12.42
12.4 Chapter 9 Review (pp. 582–584)
mK 14.0 144.76
2
9.1 Similar Right Triangles
12.0 6 9 5

y
y 9
mL 90 14.0 76.0 1. x 6
\
7. y PQ : 5, 1 36 9x y2 45
PQ 3 2
\
P 2 4 3 2
x4 y 35
Q 5.1 25 x y 9
2.
1 x 9 16 y
1 x x2 225 y2 144
x 15 y 12
\
PQ : 6, 5 36 x z 21
8. y 3. 48 27 y
PQ 2 4 27 36 27 z
\
P 2
2
2 3 2
27x 1296 y 21 z2 567

7.8
2 x x 48 z 97
23.8
Q
9.2 The Pythagorean Theorem
4. 122 162 t2 5. 82 s2 122

400 t2 s2 80
20 t s 45 8.9
yes no

MCRBG-090R-SK.qxd 5-25-2001 11:38 AM Page 199
Chapter 9 continued
6. r2 162 342 7. 42 62 t2 42 7
18. sin B 0.6285 cos B 0.7778
r2 900 52 t2 9 9
r 30 t 213 7.2 42 7
tan B 0.8081 sin A 0.7778
7 9
yes no
42 7
cos A 0.6285 tan A 1.2374
9.3 The Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem 9 42
8. 102 ? 62 72 9. 412 ? 402 92 9.6 Solving Right Triangles

100 > 85 1681 1681
8 8
obtuse right 19. 82 x2 122 cos X sin Z
12 12
10. not a triangle x2 80 mX 48.2 mZ 41.8
11. 9 2
? 3 45
2 2
x 45
81 < 89 8.9
acute d f
20. sin 50 cos 50 mF 90 50
20 20
9.4 Special Right Triangles
d 15.3 f 12.9 40
12. hypotenuse 232 6
8 15
21. tan R 82 152 s2 sin T
6 15 17
13. leg 32
2
mR 28.1 289 s2 mT 61.9
P 432 A 32 2 17 s
122 in. 18 in.2
1 9.7 Vectors
14. shorter leg 12 6 in.; longer leg 63 in.
2 22. y
\
PQ : 1, 4
15. altitude 93 cm
PQ 1 16 17 4.1
\
P
1
A 18 93 813 140.3 cm2 1
2
2 x
Q
9.5 Trigonometric Ratios
11 60
16. sin J 0.1803 cos J 0.9836 \
61 61 23. y PQ : 12, 5

PQ 144 25 13
\
11 60
tan J 0.1833 sin L 0.9836 P
60 61 2
2 x
11 60
cos L 0.1803 tan L 5.4545 Q
61 11
35 35
17. sin P 0.9459 cos P 0.3243
37 37 \
24. y PQ : 3, 2
35 12
tan P 2.9167 sin N 0.3243
PQ 9 4 13 3.6
\
12 37
2
Q
35 12
cos N 0.9459 tan N 0.3429
27 35 P 1 x

Chapter 9 continued
\ \ \
25. u v 14, 9 14. y

L
LM : 4, 3
u v 196 81 277 16.6 LM 16 9 5
\ \ \
9 M 3
tan x tan x
14 4
x 32.7 north of east 1
x 36.9 south of east
1 x
Chapter 9 Chapter Test (p. 585)
1. E 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B
CD 10
6. DBA; DAC 15. sin 40 sin 50
10 AB
7. WXYZ is a kite. The diagonals are perpendicular and the CD 6.4 AB 13.1
quadrilateral has two pairs of consecutive congruent
16. mBCA 90 35 55
sides, but opposite sides are not congruent.
BC 22.9
8. PQ 25 4 29 9. 152 b2 1132 sin 35 tan 35
40 DE
QR 9 16 5 b2 12,544
BC 22.9 DE 32.7
PR 4 36 210 b 112
17. 2, 8 18. 4, 1 19. 2, 3
210 2 ? 29 2 52
40 < 54 Chapter 9 Standardized Test (pp. 586–587)
acute x1 5
1.
1 20 x1
10. 6 in. A d1d2
2 x 12 100
6 in. 1
663 x2 2x 99 0
6 in. 2
3 3 in.
3 in. x 11x 9 0
30 60 183
x 11 x9 C
6 in.
31.2 in.2
2. A 1114 154 in.2 C
side length 6 in.
3. P 2125 214 50.4 in. D
KL JL
11. sin 30 cos 30 4. B 5. D
9 9
6. x2 x2 162 P 482 322 in.
KL 4.5 JL 7.8
2x 256
2
mK 90 30 60
x 128 82 in. D
12 12
12. sin 25 tan 25 x 8
DF DE 7. tan 67 cos 67
8 y
DF 28.4 DE 25.7
x 18.8 y 20.5
mF 90 25 65
E
4 4
13. 42 QR2 62 cos P sin R 12 8
6 6 8. tan x 9. sin A
9 13
QR 25 mP 48.2 mR 41.8
x 53.1 mA 38.0
4.5
A B

Chapter 9 continued
10. 2 x 6 y 4 11 5. BD is the median from point B, AD CD, BD BD,
x8 y7 and it is given that AB CB. Thus, ABD CBD by
the SSS Congruence Postulate. Also, ABD CBD
B since corresponding parts of congruent triangles are

\
11. AB 8 12 3 92 15 D congruent. By the definition of an angle bisector, BD

12. 24 2 x2 252 bisects ABC.
6. Sample answer: Given quadrilateral ABCD
x7
where mA 37, mB 143, and mC 37.
p 7 24 25 56 Since there are 360 in a quadrilateral,
7 24 mD 360° 37° 143° 37° 143.
13. sin x sin y A and C are opposite angles, and B and D
25 25
are opposite angles. A C and B D.
x 16.3 y 73.7
Since both pairs of opposite angles are congruent,
12 2724
216 square units
1 quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.
14. A 25
7. Yes; clockwise and counterclockwise rotational symmetry
15. BD 103 3 30 BC 302 42.4 of 120.
FG 15 GC 450 21.2 8. 26 4y 90 26 x 10 90
DC 30 AF 103 15 32.3 4y 64 x 54
16. mABC 75; mFEA 60; mBGF 135 y 16
FE 32.3 9. 3x 5 5x 7 180 y 3x 5 180
17. tan 30 cos 30
32.3 AE 8x 12 180 y 324 5 180
FE 18.6 AE 37.3 8x 192 y 67 180
1 x 24 y 113
18. A 3032.3 15 709.5 square units
2
10. z 55; x 90; y 65
5 5
19. a. tan 30 b. tan 40 62 8 4
b b 11. m
5 1 6 3
b 8.7 cm b 6.0 cm
3
5 5 slope of perpendicular bisector
c. tan 50 d. tan 60 4
b b
b 4.2 cm b 2.9 cm midpoint: 52 1, 6 2 2
2, 2
5
e. tan 70 3
b y 2 x 2
4
b 1.8 cm 3 6
y2 x
20. As the sun rises, the value of b decreases. 4 4
5 3 7
21. tan x y x
5.25 4 2
x 43.6 12. AB 16 9 5
22. The value of the expression increases as the sun AC 36 64 10
approaches the horizon.
BC 4 121
Chapter 9 Cumulative Practice (pp. 588–589) 125 55
1. No; if two planes intersect, then their intersection is a scalene right triangle
line. The three points must be collinear, so they cannot be 13. A1, 2, B3, 5, C5, 6
the vertices of a triangle.
2. always 3. never 4. always

Chapter 9 continued
ZP 2
14. C
y A2, 1 24.
6

ZP
23 2 22 ZX2
B5, 3
ZP2 12 16 ZX2
C6, 5
ZP 23 4 ZX
A
1 23 3
25. 26. 102 242 XY2
1 x XY 23
A
B
12 3XY 676 XY2
4 XY 26 XY
C
B 82 22 3
27. 192 ? 152 122 28.
43

3
3
15. A3, 6, B7, 9, C9, 2 361 < 369
12 5 3 x 7 y 26
16. 17. 18. acute
x 2 7 8 9 y3 3
29. Let x the measure of the smaller acute angle.
24 5x 7x 24 9y 7y 21
8 15
4 3 sin x cos x
x4 x3 2y 21 17 17
5 7
8
1 tan x
y 10 15
2
ST TR
19. No; in ABCD, the ratio of the length to width is 8:6 or 30. sin 57 cos 57
20 20
4:3. In APQD, the ratio of length to width is 4:6, or 2:3.
ST 16.8 in. TR 10.9 in.
Since these ratios are not equal, the rectangles are not
similar. mS 90 57 33
\ \
20. B DE is a midsegment of 31. y u v 2, 16

ABC. By the Midsegment
u v 4 256 16.1
\ \
uv
D E Theorem, DE AC. Since
the lines containing these v 2
tan x
segments are parallel, 16
A C
BDE BAC and x 7.1 south of east
BED BCA, by the Corresponding Angles 2 u
Postulate. Since two angles of BDE are congruent to
2 x
two angles of BAC, the two triangles are similar by
the AA Similarity Postulate.
6 8 12 2 32. Construct a circle inscribed in the triangle by bisecting
21. Yes; the ratios 9 , 12 , and 18 all equal 3 , so the triangles are two angles of the triangle. The point at which the
similar by the SSS Similarity Theorem. bisectors intersect is the center of the circle. Construct
x 7 a segment from the center of the circle perpendicular
22. segment 1 4.2 cm
9x 8 to a side of the triangle. The length of this segment is
the radius of the desired circle.
8x 63 7x segment 2 4.8 cm
376 470
15x 63 33. 34. P 3 3 5 5 16
16 x
x 4.2
16 3
376x 7520
23. The image with scale factor
1
3
has endpoints 2,
4
3
36 w
13
13 x 20 gallons 16w 108
and 4, 3; its slope is 3 . The image with scale
2 6 w 6.75 in.
1 36 13.5 2
factor has endpoints 3, 2 and 6, 4.5; its slope is
2
13 11.25 in.
. The two image segments are parallel.
6 35. d 127.5 140
2 2 2
d2 35,856.25 mi
d 189.4 mi

Chapter 9 continued
Project: Investigating Fractals (pp. 590–591)
Investigation
4 16
1. stage 1: 3 ; stage 2: 9
64 256 4
2. stage 3: ; stage 4: 81 ; the length at stage 1 is 3 times
27
the length at stage 0, and similarly the length at stage 2 is
4
3 times the length at stage 1.
4
3. At each stage the length would be times the previous
3
stage, so the length gets increasingly large.
4. Yes; the graph is a curve that increases sharply as n, the
number of stages, increases
Stages of a Koch Snowflake
5.
Stage 0 Stage 1 Stage 2
6.
Stage, n 0 1 2 3 4
16 64 256
Perimeter, P 3 4 3 9 27
7. P 3 3
4 n


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MCRBG-0901-SK.

qxd 5-25-2001 11:17 AM Page 182

Lesson 9.1 9.1 Practice and Applications (pp. 531–534)

Think and Discuss (p. 525) 11. Q

182 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

x2 27 20x 192 7m  49 25 33. DCB ~ DAC ~ CAB

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 183

43. Method 1 9.2 Practice and Applications (pp. 538–541)

44. n2 169 45. 14 x2 78 46. d2 18 99 x 42 13 x

184 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

19. 122 162 t2 20. 92 122 t2 104 cm2

144 256 t2 81 144 t2 30. 122 b2 132 31. 652 652 c2

400 t2 225 t2 144 b2 169 8450 c2

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 185

2 2ab b2 2ab c2. Subtracting

9.2 Mixed Review (p. 541) right right

529 < 542.89 26 26

not right right

186 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

27 < 29; not right 560 < 569; not right 5

31. Computing slopes is easier because it involves two calcu-

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 187

37. A, C, D 38. rectangle 5. mN mR 5. Converse of Hinge Thm.

7. Def. of acute triangle (C is the largest angle of Statements Reasons

7. ABC is an obtuse 7. Def. of obtuse triangle 12. MN NQ MQ

188 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

49. 14  6 84 221 Exploring the Concept

1. CDB ~BDA ~ CBA 2. BD 9.4 Guided Practice (p. 554)

x 210 x 65 3. true 4. false 5. false 6. true 7. true

8. 2192 ? 1682 1402 9 2k

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 189

190 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 191

46. ABC is not a right triangle, so you cannot use the b a

192 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

2. 4 in. x 42 in. 9.6 Guided Practice (p. 570)

5.7 in. 1. To solve a right triangle is to find the measures of all

x 15.6 y 11.9 y 3.5 x2

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 193

s 4.1 t 11.3 x 32.5° x 42.5°

mB 90 56 34

194 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

. 10. 4, 1 RS 1 52 1 22 17  4.1

47. 3, 2 48. 2, 2 49. 1, 3 13. y

50. 1, 0 51. 1, 2 52. 3, 1

10g 126 7k 1512

69,169 > 68,900 12,769 12,769

angle it makes with a horizontal line.

2. AB : 2, 2; PQ : 3, 3; MN : 0, 3; UV : 0, 2

5. 4, 5 AB 4 02 5 02 41  6.4

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 195

LM 10 502 10 502

PQ 5 12 0 42

OP 0 502 0 402

1 x  8.2 x  38.7 south of west

25. EF , CD , and AB 26. EF and CD

27. EF and CD 28. GH and JK

17 force applied.

Q  4.1 31. y u : 4, 1

P Q PQ 0 32 5 52

21. 0, 20 and 60, 30

ST 60 02 30 202

 61 miles per hour 1 v : 3, 6

AB 40 02 50 02

x2 27 20x 192 7m 49 25 33. DCB ~ DAC ~ CAB

44. n2 169 45. 14 x2 78 46. d2 18 99 x 42 13 x

7. ABC is an obtuse 7. Def. of obtuse triangle 12. MN NQ MQ

49. 14 6 84 221 Exploring the Concept

x 210 x 65 3. true 4. false 5. false 6. true 7. true

8. 2192 ? 1682 1402 9 2k

. 10. 4, 1 RS 1 52 1 22 17 4.1

47. 3, 2 48. 2, 2 49. 1, 3 13. y

50. 1, 0 51. 1, 2 52. 3, 1

2. AB : 2, 2; PQ : 3, 3; MN : 0, 3; UV : 0, 2

5. 4, 5 AB 4 02 5 02 41 6.4

LM 10 502 10 502

PQ 5 12 0 42

OP 0 502 0 402

1 x 8.2 x 38.7 south of west

Q 4.1 31. y u : 4, 1

P Q PQ 0 32 5 52

21. 0, 20 and 60, 30

ST 60 02 30 202

61 miles per hour 1 v : 3, 6

AB 40 02 50 02

b. s 10 02 2 02 10.2 mi h

49. AB : 54, 24

43. s 20 602 140 202 126.5 mi h \ \

account the breeze. 50. CA : 18, 60

120 18, 60 18, 60 0, 0

40 51. AB 542 242 59.1 ft

CA 182 602 62.6 ft

59. x 11 x 22x 121

60. 7 x2 49 14x x2

PQ 3 02 4 12

10. PQ : 7, 11

mN 90 40 50

mQ 90 75 15

61 61 23. y PQ : 12, 5

25. u v 14, 9 14. y

11. AB 8 12 3 92 15 D congruent. By the definition of an angle bisector, BD

20. B DE is a midsegment of 31. y u v 2, 16