INTRODUCTION

Torsion occurs when an object, such as a bar with a cylindrical or square cross section is
twisted. The twisting force acting on the object is known as torque, and the resulting stress is
known as Shear stress. If the object undergoes deformation as a result of and in the direction
of the application of the force, the resulting deflection is known as Strain. Torsion test is
carry out to find a relationship between shear stress and shear strain for a material.
The Riehle torsion testing machine is a laboratory-scale machine. It has two sockets, one fixed
and the other can rotate. The fixed socket is attached to an instrument which senses torsional
moment and displays this value on a digital torque meter. It can measure the specimen's torque
and twist which helps to find the yield strength and modulus of rigidity or "shear modulus" for
the metal. It can also failure a specimen to determine the failure point of the specimen. The
torsiometer, which for measuring twist angle, is mounted on the specimen before it is inserted
into the sockets.

The shaft is fixed at one end and a torque is applied to its other end and the shaft will distort
into a skewed form. Thus, during twisting, the cross-section which is initially planar remains a
plane and rotates only about the axis of the shaft. Torsion members are frequently encountered
in structures and machines. A structural member may need to resist torques induced by a load,
such as wind or gravity. Machinery examples include motor vehicle drive shafts, torsion bar
suspensions, ship propeller shafts, and centrifugal pump shafts. In the analysis of torsion on
the usual structural members, how the torsion stresses may be approximated and how such
members may be selected to resist torsion effects.

OBJECTIVES
1. To develop the relationship between torque T and shear stress  with angle of twist 𝜃.
2. To determine the modulus of rigidity G.
3. To determine the maximum shear stress at the elastic limit at failure
METHODOLOGY
1. The initial length and initial gauge length diameter of the specimen was measured.
2. The specimen was mounted between the loading device and the torque-measurement
unit into the straining hexagon sockets.
3. The hand-wheel was turned as required to align the specimen
4. The tailstock unit was slided so that the specimen is fully into the hexagon sockets.
5. No preload on the specimen was ensured.
6. The pointed on the zero-degree point on the protractor scale was zeroed.
7. The digital torque meter was adjusted until it reads zero.
8. The hand-wheel was turned clockwise slowly to load the specimen. It was turned for a
defined angle increment.
9. The torque value was read from the digital torque meter and the indicated angle of
twist was noticed together.
10. The process of step 8 and 9 was continued until fracture occure
11. The experiment was repeated for other specimen