INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

AN142
Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4

author 1984 Oct


 


Philips Semiconductors
Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4
AUDIO CIRCUITS USING THE NE5532/33/34
The following will explain some of Philips Semiconductors low noise
op amps and show their use in some audio applications.
DESCRIPTION
The 5532 is a dual high-performance low noise operational amplifier.
Compared to most of the standard operational amplifiers, such as
the 1458, it shows better noise performance, improved output drive
capability and considerably higher small-signal and power
bandwidths.
This makes the device especially suitable for application in high
quality and professional audio equipment, instrumentation and
control circuits, and telephone channel amplifiers. The op amp is
internally-compensated for gains equal to one. If very low noise is of
prime importance, it is recommended that the 5532A version be
used which has guaranteed noise voltage specifications.
APPLICATIONS
The Philips Semiconductors 5532 High-Performance Op Amp is an
ideal amplifier for use in high quality and professional audio
equipment which requires low noise and low distortion.
The circuit included in this application note has been assembled on
a PC board, and tested with actual audio input devices (Tuner and
Turntable). It consists of an RIAA (Recording Industry Association of
America) preamp, input buffer, 5-band equalizer, and mixer.
Although the circuit design is not new, its performance using the
5532 has been improved.
The RIAA preamp section is a standard compensation configuration
with low frequency boost provided by the Magnetic cartridge and the
RC network in the op amp feedback loop. Cartridge loading is
accomplished via R1. 47k was chosen as a typical value, and may
differ from cartridge to cartridge.
The Equalizer section consists of an input buffer, 5 active variable
band pass/notch (depending on R9’s setting) filters, and an output
summing amplifier. The input buffer is a standard unity gain design
providing impedance matching between the preamplifier and the
equalizer section. Because the 5532 is internally-compensated, no
external compensation is required. The 5-band active filter section is
Equ In 5
C1 RIAA Out +
RIAA 3 7
+ 1/2 5532
1 R5 6
1/2 5532 –
2 R9 C6
R1 – R5
R2 R3
C2 C3
R4
C4
Figure 1. RIAA - Equalizer Schematic
1984 Oct
Application note
AN142
actually five individual active filters with the same feedback design
for all five. The main difference in all five stages is the values of C5
and C6, which are responsible for setting the center frequency of
each stage. Linear pots are recommended for R9. To simplify use of
this circuit, a component value table is provided, which lists center
frequencies and their associated capacitor values. Notice that C5
equals (10) C6, and that the Value of R8 and R10 are related to R9
by a factor of 10 as well. The values listed in the table are common
and easily found standard values.
RIAA EQUALIZATION AUDIO PREAMPLIFIER
USING NE5532A
With the onset of new recording techniques with sophisticated
playback equipment, a new breed of low noise operational amplifiers
was developed to complement the state-of-the-art in audio
reproduction. The first ultra-low noise op amp introduced by Philips
Semiconductors was called the NE5534A. This is a single
operational amplifier with less than 4nV/√Hz input noise voltage. The
NE5534A is internally-compensated at a gain of three. This device
has been used in many audio preamp and equalizer (active filter)
applications since its introduction early last year.
Many of the amplifiers that are being designed today are
DC-coupled. This means that very low frequencies (2-15Hz) are
being amplified. These low frequencies are common to turntables
because of rumble and tone arm resonances. Since the amplifiers
can reproduce these sub-audible tones, they become quite
objectionable because the speakers try to reproduce these tones.
This causes non-linearities when the actual recorded material is
amplified and converted to sound waves.
The RIAA has proposed a change in its standard playback response
curve in order to alleviate some of the problems that were previously
discussed. The changes occur primarily at the low frequency range
with a slight modification to the high frequency range (See Figure
2). Note that the response peak for the bass section of the playback
curve now occurs at 31.5Hz and begins to roll off below that
frequency. The roll-off occurs by introducing a fourth RC network
with a 7950µs time constant to the three existing networks that
make up the equalization circuit. The high end of the equalization
curve is extended to 20kHz, because recordings at these
frequencies are achievable on many current discs.
C5
R7 R8 R7
R9
R11
2
– R10 C7
1 + 6
– FLAT
1/2 5532 TO VOL./
3 7
+ 1/2 5532 BAL AMP
5 + EQUALIZE
REPEAT ABOVE CIRCUIT
FOR DESIRE NO. OF
STAGES.
R12
SL00850
2 August 1988 Rev: 2
Philips Semiconductors Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4 AN142

COMPONENT VALUES FOR FIGURE 1

R8=25k R8=50k R8=100k
R7=2.4k R9=240k R7=5.1k R9=510k R7=10k R9=1meg
fO C5 C6 fO C5 C6 fO C5 C6
23Hz 1µF 0.1µF 25Hz 0.47µF 0.047µF 12Hz 0.47µF 0.047µF
50Hz 0.47µF 0.047µF 36Hz 0.33µF 0.033µF 18Hz 0.33µF 0.033µF
72Hz 0.33µF 0.033µF 54Hz 0.22µF 0.022µF 27Hz 0.22µF 0.022µF
108Hz 0.22µF 0.022µF 79Hz 0.15µF 0.015µF 39Hz 0.15µF 0.015µF
158Hz 0.15µF 0.015µF 119Hz 0.1µF 0.01µF 59Hz 0.1µF 0.01µF
238Hz 0.1µF 0.01µF 145Hz 0.082µF 0.0082µF 72Hz 0.082µF 0.0082µF
290Hz 0.082µF 0.0082µF 175Hz 0.068µF 0.0068µF 87Hz 0.068µF 0.0068µF
350Hz 0.068µF 0.0068µF 212Hz 0.056µF 0.0056 µF 106Hz 0.056µF 0.0056µF
425Hz 0.056µF 0.0056µF 253Hz 0.047µF 0.0047µF 126Hz 0.047µF 0.0047µF
506Hz 0.047µF 0.0047µF 360Hz 0.033µF 0.0033µF 180Hz 0.033µF 0.0033µF
721Hz 0.033µF 0.0033µF 541Hz 0.022µF 0.0022µF 270Hz 0.022µF 0.0022µF
1082Hz 0.022µF 0.0022µF 794Hz 0.015µF 0.0015µF 397Hz 0.015µF 0.0015µF
1588Hz 0.015µF 0.0015µF 1191Hz 0.01µF 0.001µF 595Hz 0.01µF 0.001µF
2382Hz 0.01µF 0.001µF 1452Hz 0.0082µF 820pF 726Hz 0.0082µF 820pF
2904Hz 0.0082µF 820pF 1751Hz 0.0068µF 680pF 875Hz 0.0068µF 680pF
3502Hz 0.0068µF 680pF 2126Hz 0.0056µF 560pF 1063Hz 0.0056µF 560pF
4253Hz 0.0056µF 560pF 2534Hz 0.0047µF 470pF 1267Hz 0.0047µF 470pF
5068Hz 0.0047µF 470pF 3609Hz 0.0033µF 330pF 1804Hz 0.0033µF 330pF
7218Hz 0.0033µF 330pF 5413Hz 0.0022µF 220pF 2706Hz 0.0022µF 220pF
10827Hz 0.0022µF 220pF 7940Hz 0.0015µF 150pF 3970Hz 0.0015µF 150pF
15880Hz 0.0015µF 150pF 11910Hz 0.001µF 100pF 5955Hz 0.001µF 100pF
23820Hz 0.001µF 100pF 14524Hz 820pF 82pF 7262Hz 820pF 82pF
17514Hz 680pF 68pF 8757Hz 680pF 68pF
21267Hz 560pF 56pF 10633Hz 560pF 56pF
12670Hz 470pF 47pF
18045Hz 330pF 33pF

–25
OLD RIAA
–20

–15

–10
NEW RIAA
–5

(db)5

10

15

20

25

30

1 10 100 (HZ) 1K 10K 100K

SL00851

Figure 2. Proposed RIAA Playback Equalization

1984 Oct 3
Philips Semiconductors Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4 AN142

–15V

.1µF
.27µF
–
INPUT +
3 8
TO LOAD
47K NE5532A 1

2 4
–
+
.1µF
–15V

+ SL00853
49.9K
49.9 Figure 4.

.056µF 4.99K Assume a signal input square wave with dV/dt of 250V/µs and 2V
peak amplitude as shown. If a 22pF compensation capacitor is
47µF
inserted and the R1 C1 circuit deleted, the device slew rate falls to
.015µF approximately 7V/µs. The input waveform will reach 2V/250V/µs or
8ns, while the output will have changed (8×10-3) only 56mV. The
NOTE: differential input signal is then (VIN-VO) RI/RI+RF or approximately
All resistors are 1% metal film. SL00852 1V.
Figure 3. RIAA Phonograph Preamplifier Using The diode limiter will definitely be active and output distortion will
the NE5532A occur; therefore, VIN<1V as indicated.
Next, a sine wave input is used with a similar circuit.
NE5533/34 DESCRIPTION The slew rate of the input waveform now depends on frequency and
the 5533/5534 are dual and single high-performance low noise the exact expression is
operational amplifiers. Compared to other operational amplifiers,
dv
such as TL083, they show better noise performance, improved
2 cos t
dt
output drive capability and considerably higher small-signal and
power bandwidths. The upper limit before slew rate distortion occurs for small-signal
This makes the devices especially suitable for application in high (VIN<100mV) conditions is found by setting the slew rate to 7V/µs.
quality and professional audio equipment, instrumentation and That is:
control circuits, and telephone channel amplifiers.
7 x 10 6V
s
2 cos t
The op amps are internally-compensated for gain equal to, or higher
than, three. The frequency response can be optimized with an at ωt = 0
external compensation capacitor for various applications (unity gain
amplifier, capacitive load, slew rate, low overshoot, etc.) If very low 7x10 6
 LIMIT

3.5x10 6rads
noise is of prime importance, it is recommended that the 2
5533A/5534A version be used which has guaranteed noise
3.5x10 6
specifications. f LIMIT
 560kHz
2

APPLICATIONS
Diode Protection of Input
The input leads of the device are protected from differential
transients above ±0.6V by internal back-to-back diodes. Their
presence imposes certain limitations on the amplifier dynamic
characteristics related to closed-loop gain and slew rate.
Consider the unity gain follower as an example:

1984 Oct 4
Philips Semiconductors Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4 AN142

External Compensation Network Improves

dV/dt
+2
Bandwidth
By using an external lead-lag network, the follower circuit slew rate
and small-signal bandwidth can be increased. This may be useful in
situations where a closed-loop gain less than 3 to 5 is indicated. A
number of examples are shown in subsequent figures. The principle
benefit of using the network approach is that the full slew rate and
bandwidth of the device is retained, while impulse-related
–2V parameters such as damping and phase margin are controlled by
VIN = 2 Sin ωt choosing the appropriate circuit constants. For example, consider
1K
the following configuration:

22pF
1K

NE
5534

SL00854

Figure 5.
Rf

5 22pF
Rj
2V – CC
0
2 8
R1 NE
0 5534 6 –VO
–Vi C1 3
+
∆t1
∆t2
SL00855

Figure 6.

1 GAIN
90
1K

R
LAG 45
NETWORK NE5534

SL00856
0
Figure 7. 0 0.1 1.0 10 50
MHz
SL00857

Figure 8.

1984 Oct 5
Philips Semiconductors Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4 AN142

PHASE
applications because of their high gain and easily-tailored frequency
0 response.

RIAA PREAMP USING THE NE5534

The preamplifier for phono equalization is shown in Figure 14 with
the theoretical and actual circuit response.
θ –90o
Low frequency boost is provided by the inductance of the magnetic
cartridge with the RC network providing the necessary break points
to approximate the theoretical RIAA curve.
LAG NETWORKS

–180o
0 0.1 1.0 10 50
MHz
RUMBLE FILTER
SL00858
Following the amplifier stage, rumble and scratch filters are often
Figure 9. used to improve overall quality. Such a filter designed with op amps
The major problem to be overcome is poor phase margin leading to uses the 2-pole Butterworth approach and features switchable break
instability. points. With the circuit of Figure 15, any degree of filtering from
fairly sharp to none at all is switch-selectable.
By choosing the lag network break frequency one decade below the
unity gain crossover frequency (30-50MHz), the phase and gain
margin are improved. An appropriate value for R is 270Ω. Setting TONE CONTROL
the lag network break frequency at 5MHz, C may be calculated Tone control of audio systems involves altering the flat response in
1
C + order to attain more low frequencies or more high ones, dependent
2
@ 270 @ 5x10 6 upon listener preference. The circuit of Figure 16 provides 20dB of
+ 118pF bass or treble boost or cut as set by the variable resistance. The
actual response of the circuit is shown also.

RULES AND EXAMPLES BALANCE AND LOUDNESS AMPLIFIER

Figure 17 shows a combination of balance and loudness controls.
Compensation Using Pins 5 and 8 (Limited Due to the non-linearity of the human hearing system, the low
Bandwidth and Slew Rate) frequencies must be boosted at low listening levels. Balance, level,
A single-pole and zero inserted in the transfer function will give an and loudness controls provide all the listening controls to produce
added 45° of phase margin, depending on the network values. the desired music response.
Calculating the Lead-Lag Network
1 R IN
C1 + Let R 1 + VOLTAGE AND CURRENT OFFSET
2
F 1 R 1 10
ADJUSTMENTS
where Many IC amplifiers include the necessary pin connections to provide
1 external offset adjustments. Many times, however, it becomes
F1 + (UGBW)
10 necessary to select a device not possessing external adjustments.
UGBW + 30MHz Figures 18, 19, and 20 suggest some possible arrangements for
off-circuitry. The circuitry of Figure 20 provides sufficient current
External Compensation for Wide-Band into the input to cancel the bias current requirement. Although more
Voltage-Follower simplified arrangements are possible, the addition of Q2 and Q3
provide a fixed current level to Q1, thus, bias cancellation can be
Shunt Capacitance Compensation provided without regard to input voltage level.
1
CF + , F F [ 30MHz
2
F F R F
or
2
C DIST –
CF [ 6
A CL VOUT
3
VIN + 8
CDIST ≈ Distributed Capacitance ≈ 2 - 3pF
NOTES 5
Many audio circuits involve carefully-tailored frequency responses. C1 = CC(1) C1
Pre-emphasis is used in all recording mediums to reduce noise and CC = 22pF for NE5533/34
produce flat frequency response. The most often used de-emphasis CC = 22pF [See graph under typical performance characteristics]
SL00859
curves for broadcast and home entertainment systems are shown in
Figure 13. Operational amplifiers are well suited to these Figure 10. Unity Gain Non-Inverting Configuration

1984 Oct 6
Philips Semiconductors Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4 AN142

RF CF

RIN
2 RF
VIN –
6
VOUT
3
8 RIN
+
–
5 VIN
C1 C1
VOUT
SL00860

Figure 11. Unity Gain Inverting Configuration R1

NOTE:
Input diodes limit differential to <0.5V
SL00861

Figure 12. External Compensation for Wideband

Voltage Follower

1984 Oct 7
Philips Semiconductors Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4 AN142

30 40
TURN OVER FREQUENCIES TURN OVER FREQUENCIES
25
50Hz, 500Hz, 2122Hz 50Hz, 3180Hz
35
20
TIME CONSTANTS TIME CONSTANTS
15 3150µs 30 3150µs
318µs 50µs

RELATIVE GAIN (dB)

RELATIVE GAIN 9dB)

75µs
10 25

5
20
0

–5 15

–10 10
–15
5
–20

–25 0

–30
10 100 1K 10K 100K 10 100 1K 10K 100K
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

a. RIAA Equalization b. NAB Standard Playback 71/2 IPS

40
TURN OVER FREQUENCIES
35 50Hz, 1326Hz

TIME CONSTANTS
30 3150µs
125µs
RELATIVE GAIN (dB)

25

20

15

10

10 100 1K 10K 100K

FREQUENCY (Hz)

c. 3.75 IPS Tape Equalization

25 5
TURN OVER FREQUENCY 1kHz TURN OVER FREQUENCY 2122 CPS
20 TIME CONSTANT 75µs
0

15
–5
10
RELATIVE GAIN (dB)

–10
RELATIVE GAIN (dB)

0 –15

–5
–20
–10
–25
–15

–30
–20

–25 –35
10 100 1K 10K 100K 10 100 1K 10K 100K
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
d. Base Treble Curve e. Standard FM Broadcast Equalization
SL00862

Figure 13.

1984 Oct 8
Philips Semiconductors Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4 AN142

–15V

0.22
INPUT +

NE5534 OUTPUT
RSL 1.1M
–

1.1K
–15V
20µF 100K 1M RIAA NAB

750pF 0.0033

NOTES:
1.1M
*Select to provide specified transducer loading.
Output Noise ≥0.8mVRMS (with input shorted) 16K 0.003

All resistor values are ohms.

a.
70
70
BODE PLOT
60
60

50
50 ACTUAL RESPONSE
GAIN — dB
BODE PLOT 40 ACTUAL
GAIN — dB

40 RESPONSE

30
30

20
20

10
10
0
0 101 102 103 104 105
101 102 103 104 105
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)

b. Bode Plot of RIAA Equalization and the Response c. Bode Plot of NAB Equalization and the Response
Realized in an Actual Circuit Using the 531. Realized in the Actual Circuit Using the 531.
SL00863
Figure 14. Preamplifier - RIAA/NAB Compensation

1984 Oct 9
Philips Semiconductors Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4 AN142

20K 1

10K 2
– – 100
6.8K 3
0.1 0.1 NE5534 NE5534
0022
+ 4 +

220k 1

75k 2 20K

47k 3 10K
0056
27k 4 6.8K

39k

22k 20K

13k 10K

6.8K

RUMBLE 6.8K 330pF SCRATCH

POSITION FREQ. POSITION FREQ.
1 FLAT 1 5KHz
2 30MHz 2 10MHz
3 50HZ 3 15HZ
NOTE: 4 80Hz 4 FLAT
All resistor values are in ohms. SL00864

Figure 15. Rumble/Scratch Filter

1µF +140
10K 100K 10K MAX MAX
INPUT BASS
+30 TREBLE
BOOST BOOST
+20
0.033µF 0.033µF V+
GAIN (dB)

+10
10K
0
+ OUTPUT
A 5V –10
– PEAK TO PEAK
3.3K
–20
0.033µF 0.033µF 68K MAX MAX
V– –30 BASS TREBLE
CUT CUT
100K –40
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
NOTES:
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1. Amplifier A may be a NE531 or 301. Frequency compensation, as for unity gain non-inverting amplifiers, must be used.
2. Turn-over frequency - 1kHz.
3. Base boost +20dB, bass cut -20dB, treble boost +19dB at 20Hz, treble cut -19dB at 20Hz.

All resistor values are in ohms. SL00865

Figure 16. Tone Control Circuit for Operational Amplifiers

1984 Oct 10
Philips Semiconductors Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4 AN142

100K

0.5
A IN –
LEVEL 1/2
5533
100K +
220pF –
100K 1/2 A OUT
5533
4.7K 120 +
LOUDNESS
IN
BALANCE OUT
26K 1.2K

4.7K 100K
.33
100K

0.5
B IN –
1/2
100K 5533
+ 220pF
–
100K 1/2 B OUT
1290 5533
+

1.2K

.33 100K

NOTE:
All resistor values are in ohms.
SL00866

Figure 17. Balance Amplifier with Loudness Control

R3 +V
R3

INPUT R1
R4 200K R4
+ R3 –
50K OUTPUT
NE5534 OUTPUT NE5534
R2
– +
R1 100
R5
100K
V RANGE = V ( RR21 )
50K
RANGE = V ( RR2 ) INPUT R5
R2 1 GAIN = 1 +
100 NOTE: R4 = R2
All resistor values are in ohms. SL00868

Figure 19. Universal Offset Null for Non-Inverting Amplifiers

SL00867

Figure 18. Universal Offset Null for Inverting Amplifiers

1984 Oct 11
Philips Semiconductors Application note

Audio circuits using the NE5532/3/4 AN142

V+ BIAS CURRENT
COMPENSATION

R3 R1

Q3

Q2

R2
Q1 –

NE5534 EOUT
EIN + SELECT R2 AND R3
FOR
DESIRED CURRENT
V– SL00869
Figure 20. Bias Current Compensation

1984 Oct 12