CHM 138 (AT110 2B)

EXPERIMENT 3
LIMITING REAGENT OF REACTION
Name : MOHAMAD ZULHELMI BIN ABDUL RANI
Matric Number : 2017606132

Name of Lab 1. MUHD DAUD BIN ABDUL EKERIM

Partner : 2. MUHMD SAIFULLAH BIN
RUSSELAN

Date of Experiment : 4 / 4 / 2018

Date of R. Submission : 13 / 4 / 2018

Lecturer’s Name : HENDRI JOHAN BIN MUHAMAD

RIDZWAN
Objective
1. To determine the limiting reagent from the reaction between sodium carbonate and
calcium nitrate.
2. To calculate the percentage yield of calcium carbonate.

Introduction
In this experiment, we use stoichiometry to determine the limiting reagent in the chemical
reaction. Stoichiometry could be used to deals with the relative quantities of reactants and
products in chemical reactions. The limiting reagent, which is also know as limiting reactant,
is the substance that totally used up when the chemical reaction is finished. For experiment 2,
we use CaCl2 and NaOH to produce Ca(OH)2and NaCl. The reaction equation is :-
CaCI2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Ca(OH)2(s) + 2NaCI(aq)
Then, calculate the moles of NaOH, so that we can calculate the theoretical yield of Ca(OH)2
from the moles of NaOH. The calculation equation is
Moles = (Volume in liters)*(Molarity) = (liters)*(moles/liters)
In the end, using percent yield equation to verify the result between actual yield and theoretical
yield of Ca(OH)2: % yield = * 100%

Apparatus
Beakers (100 mL)
Measuring cylinder (10 mL)
Filter funnel
Conical flask (100 mL)
Filter paper
Glass rod
Watch glass
Oven

Chemicals
Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3
Calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2
Distilled water
Procedure
1. Obtain the mass of a dry piece of filter paper and record the mass.
2. Prepare two solutions :
a. Solution A : Weigh 0.50 g Na2CO3 in a clean and dry 100 mL beaker. Add
exactly 10 mL of distilled water into the beaker.
b. Solution B : Weigh 1.00 g Ca(NO3)2 in a clean and dry 100 mL beaker. Add
exactly 10 mL of distilled water into the beaker.
3. Mix solution A and solution B and then stir the mixture with a glass rod.
4. After complete mixing, set up a filter funnel. Use filter paper, fold as instructed (Figure
2). Place the filter paper in the funnel and wet the sides with distilled water.
5. Filter the mixture through the filter funnel and filter paper. Continue passing solution
through the funnel until the solution in conical flask becomes clear. (This may require
you to rince the reaction beaker with distilled water several times).
6. Place the filter paper on the watch glass and put them in the oven at 70oC. Dry the filter
paper and the solid for 30-35 minutes. Record the mass of the filter paper and the solid.
7. Discard the filter paper and solid in the trash can,

Figure 2 : Folding filter paper

Conclusion
The conclusion is student can know to determine the limiting reagent from the reaction
between sodium carbonate and calcium nitrate. When mix the colour change to white. Also
student can know to calculate the percentage yield of calcium carbonate.

Questions
1. Determine type of reaction occurred in this experiment.
Answer : The reaction that I founded are combustion reaction, synthesis reaction,
decomposition reaction, single displacement reaction, double displacement
reaction and acid-bas reaction.
2. If the mass of Na2CO3 was doubled and the mass of CaCO3 was held constant, would
you have the same limiting reactant? Show calculations to support your answer.
Answer : Refer to calculate.

References
1) Laboratory Manual Basic Chemistry CHM138 provided by Madam Nurul Huda
Abdul Halim, Nor Akmalazura Jani, Nurul Auni Zainal Abidin, Zailuddin Ariffin and
Mohd Fauzi Abdullah
2) Chemistry Reference Book edited by Raymond Chong.