CONFIDENTIAL EM/ASSIGNMENT/JUNOKT 2016/MEC351

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

ASSIGNMENT (10%)

COURSE : AIR CONDITIONG AND REFRIGERATION

COURSE CODE : MEC351

EXAMINATION : JUN-OKT 2016
TIME : 2 WEEKS

NAME : _____________________________________

MATRIC NO. : _____________________________________

GROUP : _____________________________________

LECTURER’S NAME : _____________________________________

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES

1. Answer all questions.

2. Begin your answer for each question on a new page.
3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

QUESTION LEVEL MARKS

Q1 [CO1:PO4]{C3} /20
Q2 [CO1:PO4]{C3} /20
Q3 [CO1:PO4]{C3} /20
Q4 [CO1:PO4]{C3} /20
TOTAL / 80

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This assignment consists of 12 printed pages

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CONFIDENTIAL EM/ASSIGNMENT/JUNOKT 2016/MEC351

QUESTION 1

A two-stage cascade refrigeration system operating between the pressure limits of 1.2
MPa and 200 kPa with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. Heat rejection from the
lower cycle to the upper cycle takes place in an adiabatic counter-flow heat exchanger
where the pressure in the upper and lower cycles are 0.4 Mpa and 0.5 Mpa,
respectively. In both cycles, the refrigerant is a saturated liquid at the condenser exit
and a saturated vapor at the compressor inlet, and the isentropic efficiency of the
compressor is 80 percent. If the mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the upper
cycle is 0.212 kg/s, show the cycle on T-s diagram and determine:

a) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the lower cycle [kg/s],

b) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space [kW], and

c) the COP of this refrigerator.

(20 marks)
[CO1: PO4]{C3}

QUESTION 2

Air enters a 30-cm diameter cooling section at 1 atm, 35 oC, and 45 percent relative
humidity at 18 m/s. heat is removed from the air at a rate of 750 kJ/min. Determine

a) the exit temperature

b) the exit relative humidity of the air

[Note: You need to use analytical equation and psychrometric chart to answer this
question. Please mark ‘X’ at the psychrometric chart properly to show the state. Show
all the value you obtained clearly].

(20 marks)
[CO1: PO4]{C3}

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CONFIDENTIAL EM/ASSIGNMENT/JUNOKT 2016/MEC351

QUESTION 3

The details of a private office premise are listed below. Use the provided table to
estimate the peak cooling load for the office based on the following features and
conditions.

Size 60 ft (Length at North and South) x 45 ft (Width at East and West)

x 12 ft (Height)
Walls 41/2" brick wall with cement plaster on both sides
Windows glass North : 4 nos x 6.5 ft x 5 ft
West : 4 nos x 6.5 ft x 5 ft
East : 4 nos x 3.5 ft x 2.5 ft
Door (glass) 2 nos x 3 ft x 6 ft on the East and North walls
Roof Corrugated metal sheet
1
Glass /4" clear glass plate with light interior blinds, weight 100lb/ft2
Ceiling Common suspended board ceiling
Lighting Fluorescent type
Equipment 15 nos. office equipment each rated at 300 watts
Occupancy 45 workers with 12 hours working per day (non smoking area)
Room condition 75oF, 55% RH
Outdoor air 92oF, humidity difference between outside and inside is 64 gr/lb
Air change 1.5 ac per hr

(20 marks)
[CO1: PO4]{C3}

QUESTION 4

Based on QUESTION 3, use the grand total heat as proposed cooling load to
construct a suitable ducting system for the private office. Air is to be supplied from
direct expansion with Fan Coil Unit (FCU) through a rectangular ducting system. The
air diffusers are of rectangular type with a rate of 600 CFM. The height of the
rectangular duct is fixed to 16 inch. Use equal friction method with hf = 0.1 in w.g./100ft
to design a suitable ducting system for the office area. The FCU is to be located at the
middle section of the width of the room. Maximum throw radius is 10 ft. Show the
schematic diagram for the propose air distribution system with the detail air flow rates
and the ducting sizes at each location. Show the detail calculation for each figure
used. Determine also the total friction loss due to friction (in w.g.).

(20 marks)
[CO1: PO4]{C3}

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 CONFIDENTIAL EM/ASSIGNMENT/JUNOKT 2016/MEC351

Cooling Load Estimation Tables

Size : ............... ft X ................... ft = .................. sq X ................. ft = .................... cu ft

Psychrometric Analysis
Condition db wb %RH gr/lb Dew Ventilation cfm
point
Outside Air (AO) People x cfm/person =
Room (RM) sq.ft x cfm/sq.ft =
Difference ac /hr x vol/60 =
=
ac - air change
Area BTU U
Item Description x x BTU/hr Total
(sq.ft) (Table 7) (Table 9)
Solar Heat Gain
Wall N x x
E x x
S x x
W x x

(Table 4) (Table 5) (Table 6)

Glass N x x x
E x x x
S x x x
W x x x

Transmission Heat Gain (Table 9) (Temp Diff)

All Glass x x
Wall x x
-5
x x
Partition
Ceiling
Floor
Infiltration

Internal Heat
Item No. (Table 10)
People x
(Area) (Table 1) (Type Factor) Conversion
Lights x x 3.4
No. Rated
Equipment
x x x 3.4

Room Sensible Heat Sub Total

Safety Factor (10%)
TOTAL ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT (RSH)
Outside Air
cfm BF (Table 12) ºF
Outside Air x x 1.09 x

(1) TOTAL EFFECTIVE ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT (ERSH)

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 CONFIDENTIAL EM/ASSIGNMENT/JUNOKT 2016/MEC351

Room Latent Heat (Table 10)

People x
Equipment x
Safety Factor (10%)
ROOM LATENT HEAT (RLH)
cfm gr/lb BF
Outside Air x x x 0.68
(2) EFFECTIVE ROOM LATENT HEAT (ERLH)
(1) + EFFECTIVE ROOM LATENT HEAT (ERLH)
(2)

Outside Air Heat

(cfm) ºF
Sensible x x (1- BF) x 1.09
Latent x gr/lb x (1- BF) x 0.68

TOTAL ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT (RSH)

(BTU/hr)

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APPENDIX 1 (1)

Heat Load Tables

Table 1: Design & Cooling Load Check Figures

Table 4 : Peak Solar Heat Gain Through Ordinary Glass

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APPENDIX 1 (2)

Table 5: Storage Load Factors (at 4 pm)

Table 6: Overall Shade Factor

Table 7: Equivalent Temperature Difference (ºF) at 4 pm for dark coloured,

shaded & sunlit walls (insulate and insinuated)

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APPENDIX 1 (3)

Table 8: Equivalent Temperature Difference (ºF) at 4 pm for dark coloured, sunlit

& shaded roofs.

Table 9: Transmission Coefficient, U for common building structures Btu/hr sq.ft

(ºF temp. diff.)

Table 10: Heat Gain from People

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CONFIDENTIAL EM/ASSIGNMENT/JUNOKT 2016/MEC351

APPENDIX 1 (4)

Table 11: Ventilation Standards

Table 12: Typical bypass factors

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CONFIDENTIAL EM/ASSIGNMENT/NOVMAC2016/MEC351

APPENDIX 2 (1)

Friction Loss Chart

CONFIDENTIAL EM/ASSIGNMENT/NOVMAC2016/MEC351

APPENDIX 2 (2)

Equivalent Duct Sizes Tables

 ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1
Normal Temperature
Barometric Pressure: 101.325 kPa

©1992 American Society of Heating, 0.36

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
30
Sea Level
100 28 0.40

0.9
4
30
• 1.0 1.0 –•
0.8 1.5
120
10.0 0.7 2.0 – 5.0
0.6 4.0 – 2.0 26
Sensible heat ∆HS – • 90
0.5 —————– = —— – 4.0 30
Total heat ∆HT – 2.0 0.0
5.0 0.4 1.0 0.45

3
–0
24

0.
1.0

.5
4.0

0.2
– 0.2

0.1
0 80

0.9
∆HS
∆HT

r 110
ai 22

2v

2.0
= ——

o
0.50

3.0
dr

2.5
lum
am
Enthalpy ∆h gr
lo 25

e cu
—————— = —— ki 70
Humidity ratio ∆! r 20

bic
s pe 0.55
Total heat
cen84959_ch18-ap01.qxd 8/11/06 1:21 PM Page 955

le
Sensible heat

met
—————–

ou

e
j 100
ilo 25

%
r pe
)k we 18

90
(h 60 t bu
0.60

r ki

0.9
lb t
py em

0
al p

log
h

%
era
nt tu

80
E re °
C
ram
C 16 0.65
e°
ur
dry

%
t
50 ra 20

70
air

pe 90 0.70
m
te 14
n
tio % 0.75
ra 60

0.8
tu 20

8
40 Sa 0.80
% 12
Humidity ratio (!) grams moisture per kilogram dry air

50 0.85
15 80 0.90
% 10 0.95
30 40

0.8
6
15 1.0

10 30% 8
20 70

0.8
4
10
6
5 20%

0.8
5

2
y 4
umidit
lative h
0 10% re 60

0.8
0

0.7
2

8
0 10 20 30 40 50

Dry bulb temperature °C

Appendix 1

Prepared by Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.

|

FIGURE A–31
Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure.
955

Reprinted by permission of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA; used with permission.