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Issue No. 516 April 13 - 19, 2018 Ushs 5,000,Kshs 200, RwF 1,500, SDP 8
Years
Mutebile survives
'coup' at central bank
Fly on the wall at Mutebile,
Kasekende lunch
Heated top executive meeting
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INBOX
Mutebile survives
coup at central bank
Issue No. 516 April 13 - 19, 2018
STRATEGY & EDITORIAL DIRECTOR: Andrew M. Mwenda WRITERS:Ronald Musoke, Flavia Nassaka, Ian Katusiime,
MANAGING EDITOR: Joseph Were Agnes Nantaba, Agather Atuhaire, Julius Businge.
INVESTIGATIONS EDITOR: Haggai Matsiko DESIGN/LAYOUT: Sarah Ngororano, Harriet Jamwa.
BUSINESS EDITOR: Isaac Khisa
PHOTOGRAPHER: Jimmy Siya
PUBLISHER: Independent Publications Limited, Plot 82/84, Kanjokya Street, P. O. Box 3304, Kampala, Uganda
Tel: +256-312-637-391/ 2/ 3/ 4 | Fax: +256-312-637-396 E-mail: editor@independent.co.ug | advertising@independent.co.ug
circulation@independent.co.ug | Website: www.independent.co.ug
President Yoweri
Kaguta Museveni (L)
shakes hands with the
Archbishop Cyprian
Kizito Lwanga shortly
before their meeting
at the State Lodge in
Nakasero on April 8.
Members of
opposition
standing outside
Mbale high
court before the
age limit case
hearing on April
8. INDEPENDENT/
JIMMY SIYA
“I really do not care about parties. What
matters is that you make a contribution
to the transformation of this country.”
Kizza Besigye, opposition leader
Thousands participating in
the Kabaka’s birthday run
on April 8. The run was
to raise funds to the sickle
cell patients. INDEPENDENT/
JIMMY SIYA
94 23000 Shs417billion
Firms licensed Jobs that remain Government
to export vacant in 73 tax arrears URA
workers districts wants to write off
Ochola orders more Simon Kinobe elected Uganda Law Society President
audits in Police
In more changes aimed
at professionalising the
Police, Martin Okoth Ochola,
the Inspector General of
Police, has ordered for
a headcount in Uganda
Police Force to establish the
actual number of serving
officers countrywide. In
the headcount, officers will
be required to submit their
bank account number, Tax
Identification Number,
National Identification
Number and other Uganda Law Society elected the success of his predecessor disregard of the constitution
paperwork regarding a new President- Simon Kinobe Francis Gimara. He also vowed by the government, human
promotion. Ochola ordered (pictured) during its annual to negotiate guarantee pacts rights violations and arbitrary
the Professional Standards general meeting held on April with sector players to ensure arrests of government critics.
Unit (PSU) commandant 7 at Imperial Resort Beach that members get equal access In the other members of the
William Okalany to Hotel, Entebbe. Kinobe beat off to business opportunities ULS Cabinet, Pheona Wall
coordinate the exercise. competition from Alice Namuli including more trainings on was elected Vice President,
The personnel headcount winning 760 of the lawyers’ mergers and synergies. Other and Aaron Besigye as the
will start with Kampala votes against Namuli’s 268. challenges that Kinobe will face Treasurer.
Metropolitan Police Kinobe promised to build on as ULS President are increasing
and proceed upcountry.
The exercise is aimed at
streamlining the police Facebook under fire over data breaches
payroll among other things.
Ochola also ordered Police Social media giant Most of the 87 million users
directors to submit reports Facebook is under heavy were US citizens. Facebook
about the state of their criticism over a data CEO Mark Zuckerberg
respective directorates. breach where information (pictured) admitted
The IGP also tasked the of 87million users could Facebook’s data breaches
Police director of Counter have been shared with saying it was a “huge
Terrorism, Abbas Byakagaba Cambridge Analytica, a mistake” for the company
to name all persons being data mining firm, based in to fail to take responsibility
guarded by Police. The the UK. The UK firm and over the data breaches.
officers who perform this role Facebook were already Facebook has always been
fall under Very Important facing severe criticism lambasted for its lax privacy
Persons Protection Unit when reports emerged laws and Zuckerberg is
(VIPPU) headed by Ludovic that Cambridge Analytica expected to appear before
Awita. The VIPPU however had obtained millions of the US Congress to explain
falls under the Counter profiles of US citizens and and influence voters for the social media company’s
Terrorism directorate. used the data to build a the election of now US measures to strengthen its
software program to predict President Donald Trump. privacy regulations.
Years
Inbox
Taxpayer stands
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L
ast month, Rwanda hosted the nese and Middle Eastern capital. There was Now why is FDI a poor vehicle for
African Union’s summit on the Con- zero (and I mean zero) discussion of how to Africa’s transformation? As a rule, multi-
tinent Free Trade Area (CFTA). The harness domestic capital as a driver of trans- national corporations do not shift the most
discussions were as inspiring as they formation. FDI has become the obsession of valuable aspects of their business to their
were frustrating. Leaders from government every African country and leader. It is easier subsidiaries. Apple is not going to shift
and the private sector talked big about the for even a conman pausing as a foreign the design and marketing of the iPhone
benefits of integration. Some even sug- investor from China, America, Europe, the to her subsidiary in Nairobi. Forget it. It
gested an African crypto-currency. There Middle East or India to meet a president of will remain in California. However, it can
is a mistaken belief that the existence of a an African country than a big genuine local outsource assembling, which it has done to
common interest is sufficient to promote a investor. China. Design and marketing of the iPhone
collective effort to achieve it. This is rarely The CFTA is meant to promote continent constitutes 60 to 65% of the total value,
true. trade. But we must remember that interna- assembling only 15%, the rest going into
African nations are young; they lack tional trade is a value chain: some countries retail, transport, insurance etc.
entrenched interests and profound national produce cotton; others weave cloths while Therefore, while America is eating the big
culture to drive consistent policy. So they others market high fashion. Some coun- pie, China eats the smaller portion. DRC,
sacrifice broader national interests over tries mine iron ore; others produce steel which exports Coltan, the mineral from
petty squabbles. For instance, I attended a while others sell automobiles. How much which mobile phones are made, only eats
discussion where South Africa’s president, a country earns from trade depends on its the crumbs of about 4%. This is the reason
Cyril Ramaphosa, was a panelist. The position in this value chain. The poorest DRC is wretched poor. It is also the reason
summit was being held in Rwanda. Rama- countries export raw cotton and iron ore; China is aggressively penetrating the global
phosa spoke eloquently on African integra- middle-income countries weave cloths and smart phone market with her own brands.
tion. Yet South Africa imposed a visa ban produce steel. The richest countries market The trick is that one has to position them-
on Rwandans because of a disagreement high fashion like Dolce and Gabbana, Val- selves in a global niche with the highest
between Kigali and Pretoria during the entino, Hugo Boss and Louis Vuitton and value addition on her products.
Jacob Zuma administration. Why punish Toyota, Ford and Audi. I am not arguing against FDI. It should
ordinary Rwandans over a quarrel with If you export raw cotton, you earn 1.9% of be welcome into non-priority sectors of our
their government? the international price of the final product economies. But in those sectors we consider
The challenge to integration in Africa is – a Louis Vuitton shirt. If you weave cloths, critical to our transformation and future
the tendency to seek big dreams when our you earn about 15% of the final value. For prosperity, it should only come through
governments have failed to fix small things. labeling the same cloths Louis Vuitton, joint ventures with local firms where the
For example, it is very hard for Africans to the designer takes about 60 to 65% of the terms of engagement make it possible to
travel, leave alone to work, within Africa final value – the rest going as a margin for transfer technology and progress to pro-
due to poor air connectivity; difficult visa transportation, retail, storage etc. The same ducing the greatest value locally. Otherwise
and working permit requirements. Ugan- applies to those who export iron ore. To FDI often displaces local firms or stifles
dans need a visa to travel to the Democratic be producer and exporter of unprocessed their development that if facilitated to grow
Republic of Congo and South Sudan next goods, as Africa has done for the last 100 would become the future Samsungs and
door. So the gap between rhetoric and years, is to render oneself perpetually poor. Toyotas of Africa. It is such local firms that
action in Africa is huge. This has harmful implications for the wel- would transform our continent.
One of the reasons many people admire fare of our people and the politics of our Just imagine if South Korea had invited
President Paul Kagame is he matches his nations. Poor countries are characterised by Nokia and Ericson to build assembly plants
words with government policies. Rwanda “bad politics”. for mobile phones and thereby displaced
is the only country in Africa that allows all Therefore, the process of moving from or stifled Samsung? Today Samsung pro-
Africans to get a visa on arrival. How can a poor to a rich country is a process of duces about 27% of South Korea’s GDP
Africa integrate when small things like ease upgrading from being exporters of low and 40% of her exports. How many African
of travel to visit or work by Africans within value unprocessed goods to high value Samsungs have we displaced or whose
Africa are very difficult for our govern- manufactured products. Yet there was little emergence stifled with our blind embrace
ments to implement? Does it need a summit discussion of manufacturing as a driver of FDI? FDI gives us highly attractive short-
of heads of state to remove visa require- of our transformation. Indeed, if you look term benefits (jobs, taxes, skills, technology)
ments for Africans traveling within Africa? across Africa, the continent is actually dein- at the price of displacing/stifling local firms
Without such a summit, most African coun- dustrialising i.e. the ratio of manufacturing that are key to our transformation and
tries allow Europeans and North Americans to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is future prosperity. I hope someone in Africa
to apply for visas at the port of entry. declining in many countries or has been takes this lesson seriously.
There were many discussions of how to stagnant for decades or is growing mar-
make Africa hospitable to Foreign Direct ginally – except for Ethiopia. Even South amwenda@independent.co.ug
Investment (FDI), by which they meant Africa, Africa’s industrial giant, is deindus-
attracting American, European, Indian, Chi- trialising.
Mutebile survives
'coup' at central bank
Fly on the wall at lunch between
Mutebile and Kasekende
Heated top executive meeting
I
By Haggai Matsiko
leakages, the Executive Director in. He said leakage of information create the impression that they did not
Administration, Solomon Oketcho, could be down to people looking for deserve the promotions or transfers.
said the confidentiality clause in the alternative ways of communication Given that Oketcho was also
regulations of the bank needed to because of the breakdown of channels opposed to these transfers, many felt
be enforced with penalties against of communication. that he had not done enough to protect
anyone leaking information. Another official said many were their records.
Oketcho reportedly said an earlier concerned that it has become a crime The meeting ends at 1PM just
planned team-building retreat needed to come to BoU’s seventh floor—where about time for lunch. An hour after
to be prioritised to enhance team the governor sits—as anyone seen lunch, a rumour starts circulating that
building and unity. Reacting to the here is seen as looking to report to the something is coming.
details of the meeting, some inside the governor. Then a staff memo appears. It hits
bank, however, said that the intrigue The Independent can authoritatively staff emails at 3:45 PM. It reads ‘Office
and scheming against each needed to report that some officials had been of the Governor’ but it is unusually
be dealt with directly first. stopped from attending certain from the secretary to Deputy
Several officials agreed and David meetings because they were suspected Governor, Kasekende.
Kalyango, who Mutebile recently of “leaking information to the The Independent has seen the memo
made the Chief Internal Auditor, governor”. which reads: “This morning, EXCOM
said efforts aimed at penalising staff But while Oketcho talked penalizing met to discuss matters that have been
for leaking information need to be leakers, insiders say, he has not done the subject of much media reporting,
mindful that the whistleblower policy much to stop leakages within his arising from the staff changes I carried
allows staff to leak information when docket. out in February 2018”.
they feel that certain things are not Trouble for Oketcho is that, It assures staff that a special
going well. following Mutebile’s staff transfers, committee will handle the unresolved
Staff surveys, he added, had showed the first round of leakages to the issues arising from the said changes.
that staff needed rotations. But now media came from administration. Apart from this, the memo also
that the rotations had been done, some They revealed private records of disparages the article by The
people are complaining. some of those who had been promoted Independent of March 30.
The newbie— Tumubwine and insiders intimated to The The memo reads in part: “Of
Twinemanzi, the Executive Director Independent that they felt the officials particular concern to me is the
Banking Supervision, also stepped leaking their records were trying to possibility that this article and other
M
In spite of the importance of electrifica- well as on rural firms and on health centres.
ore than 1.1 billion people in tion, little evaluation has been done on the We found that electrification had wide-
developing countries lack access socioeconomic impact of investments into ranging effects on the living conditions of
to electricity. Some 590 million providing power. We set about plugging households whose daily lives were made
live in Africa, where the rural this gap in our paper that focuses on Rwan- easier on a range of fronts. We also found
electrification rate is particularly low at only da. We looked at the effects of electrification that the supply of power had some positive
14%. on households, firms, health centres and effects on certain businesses and clinics.
A lack of access to electricity hampers schools in rural areas. Overall, our research confirms the impor-
development. It affects everything from Rwanda has implemented one of the tance of electrification has for the rural poor.
people’s ability to learn to the creation of most comprehensive electrification pro- Yet, in our final analysis we had two
enterprises and the provision of public ser- grammes in the world. In 2009 only 6% of major reservations. The first was that the
vices like health care. This lies behind the Rwandans had access to electricity. The provision of electricity hadn’t significantly
United Nation’s goal of countries achieving government’s aim is to lift this to 70% by improved the economic lives of people –
universal access to electricity by 2030. 2018. which is often used to justify the massive
But the investment requirements to meet We studied the connection behaviour costs involved in expanding the grid to all
this goal are enormous. According to the and electricity consumption patterns of areas of the country.
International Energy Agency investments households and looked at socioeconomic The second insight was that, given
worth $640 billion will be needed if the UN outcomes – such as education, income people’s very low levels of consumption
goal is going to be met. About $19 billion is and health. We also explored the effects of (households consume on average around
required every year in sub-Saharan Africa
P
resident Paul Kagame used the
launch of the annual Kwibuka
genocide against the Tutsi com-
memoration to urge Rwandans to
be open and truthful about it.
“Rwanda’s truth can neither be erased
nor be forgotten,” he said at 24th com-
memoration of the genocide against the
Tutsi (Kwibuka24) event at the Kigali
Genocide Memorial in Gisozi, Gasabo Dis-
trict. “Remembrance reminds us that some
problems were caused by ourselves and it’s
another way of confronting Rwanda’s tragic
past,” he said, “It’s also a reminder that the
Rwandan people have primary responsibil-
ity of addressing the challenges they face,
which is why we must unite for the com-
mon goal of restoring and rebuilding them-
selves and our country.”
Kagame also said commemoration is
about the fight against external challenges,
a veiled reference to foreign influence dur- The United Nations named April 7 as and peace. The commemoration period is
ing the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi and the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of being held under the theme; `Remember,
current challenges the country faces from the Rwanda Genocide to commemorate the Unite, and Renew”.
external forces. deaths of over 800,000 people who were Meanwhile, Dr Jean Damascene Bizima-
The president had earlier lit the `Remem- murdered during the 1994 genocide in na, the Executive Secretary of the National
brance Flame’ to mark the beginning of Rwanda. Commission for the Fight against Genocide
the Genocide Commemoration Week from Kagame also said that commemoration is (CNLG), has said it is especially important
April 07 to April 13. The flame symbolises about Rwandans making a commitment to that the young generation understand what
remembrance as well as the resilience and continue working together to improve their happened in 1994 as one of ways to fight
courage of Rwandan people decades after livelihood and contribute to the country’s genocide and genocide ideology.
the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. development. He said some of the perpetrators of the
It is an austere week with flags at govern- “Commemoration is about us continuing 1994 genocide against the Tutsi are being
ment buildings, foreign embassies and high to work together and united as Rwandans; wrongly released from jail before complet-
commissions flying at half-mast. No enter- it’s about fighting against wrong elements ing their sentences and that their prison
tainment is allowed. to avoid repeat of what happened in 1994, terms were reduced. This, he said, was a
Instead a solemn event is held overnight and is also about developing ourselves and big problem as “these people were released
in the Amahoro National Stadium in Kigali country,” Kagame told a small gathering without consulting the government”.
at which testimonies of perpetrators of the that included foreign envoys, local leaders, He says some international judges are
genocide and survivors are punctuated by and Kigali residents. Government represen- giving lesser penalties to the top genociders
songs and poetry. Up to 100 names of Geno- tatives from Senegal, the UK, and Estonia and pointed at a recent court decision that
cide victims are read. This event is preceded attended. Faki Mahamat, the chairperson of reduced the penalty of Col. Theoneste Bago-
by an afternoon ` Walk to Remember’ African Union Commission also attended sora from life to 35 years. The official added
through Kigali led by President Kagame in the session held amidst light early April that of the 77 genocide cases, 66 perpetra-
procession with citizens from all walks of rain. tors were convicted, while 16 were released
life. Before the president’s speech, a minute before finishing their penalties, which he
As remains of victims of the genocide of silence was observed in memory of those termed as a “great challenge and impunity”
continue to be found all the time in forlorn who died during the genocide. to the fight against genocide.
pits and forests, the Kwibuka perios is also The Kwibuka24 commemoration period In a related development, Bizimana
the time when new burial locations are is for 100 days and will end on July 6. lauded efforts that are geared at supporting
found for them. Muyira in Nyanza district is According to Julienne Uwacu, the Sports the fight against genocide and the genocide
where a memorial has been constructed for and Culture Minister, there will be different ideology, including Pope Francis’ apology
the remains of about 90,000 murdered vic- activities conducted during remembrance on the Catholic Church’s involvement in the
tims. People who suffered various traumas week, including daily sensitisation pro- 1994 genocide against Tutsi, and initiatives
during the genocide also receive support; grammes at village level to discuss and edu- by the African Union to institute laws to
material, physical, and emotional, from cate Rwandans, especially the youth, about fight genocide ideology.
other residents. the genocide and the importance of unity
President Museveni addressing crime preventers at Lugogo Indoor stadium in Kampala on March 28.
Crime preventers
and the pretenders
Museveni struggles to find space for his `election machine’
By Ian Katusiime wild cheers from the sea of mainly young in HRW’s Africa Division, has called them
W
men and a few women in the arena which young unemployed men, enticed to joining
e undertake to protect the seats about 900 (but the official press the crime preventers program by the
President and help him statement from State House said up to 3000 prospect of being paid at the end of it.
keep this country safe. A were crammed into it). Outside the arena, For most people, the explanation for
crime preventer can give his however, Kamugisha’s words became Kamugisha’s pledge appears to be that
life for the President. We can kill for the controversial, once again evoking a slew of he and his camp are desperate. Founded
President.” questions about the character and motives in 2013 in the run-up to the 2016 general
Those were the loaded words of Blaise of the group. election, the National Crime Preventers
Kamugisha, the national coordinator of Why did Kamugisha have to state an Forum has always seen its role as an
the National Crime Preventers Forum already well-known allegiance to Museveni election machine of Museveni and attached
(NCPF) when President Yoweri Museveni so controversially and so publicly? That to the Uganda Police. But when Museveni
on March 28 attended a function they is a question many have been asking in March fired their main benefactor,
organised at the Lugogo Indoor Stadium in since. It is even more poignant because the former Inspector General of Police,
Kampala on March 28. Kamugisha’s pledge to kill is believable. Gen. Kale Kayihura, the crime preventers
Kamugisha; a lanky man in his late 20s, Since the presidential election two years appeared lost and abandoned. And the
with an intense look and a penchant for ago, crime preventers have been a hit by timing could not have been worse.
fashionable pants and mismatched jackets, a barrage of negative press; especially
reminded the President of the value of their alleged involvement in crimes such Desperate for money
crime preventers; especially at election as theft, violence, robbery, torture, and Apparently, two years after the 2016
time. even murder. Human rights organisations, elections and with the new elections
“We protected the votes, voters, and also including Human Rights Watch (HRW) expected in 2023, the crime preventers were
voted,” he said as he urged the group not and Amnesty International, have called fumbling around for relevance even before
to ever betray Museveni “because we know them a tool “aimed at intimidating Kayihura’s sacking. With new police boss
him as a friend and we must protect him as or reducing support for the political Okoth Ochola indicating clearly that he had
our friend.” opposition” through means, including no time or plans for them, their favourite
Kamugisha’s pledge of loyalty drew torture. Maria Burnett, senior researcher activities – hanging around police stations
Congestion and traffic jam are a major headache for many Kampala residents but many expatriates
find living in the city better than other cities in East Africa. INDEPENDENT/JIMMY SIYA
A
“There is no risk of waking up and finding
“amazing” that he could sit outside on the that someone has opened up a pub or night-
woman walks alone along the street and have a coffee or walk through
street at night. The weather is great club or even a church in your neighbour-
any shopping mall in Kampala freely. hood and that they are happy to keep you
and the fruits and vegetables fresh. “May be many Ugandans don’t see it that
People discuss the latest political awake at night or interfere with your plans
way because for you it has become normal to lie in on a Sunday morning as they attend
issue without fear, the entertainment scene to live in a peaceful country despite some
is vibrant, and the sweet smell of food is to their clients’ needs or praise their god at
other challenges,” he said. the top of their voices with complete mega
everywhere. Everyone appears bold, confi- The value of such sentiments came alive
dent, and friendly. sound systems”.
recently when Mercer, a New York based Amanda Ngabirano, a lecturer of urban
Michael O’Hagan, a foreign journalist liv- human resource consultancy firm, ranked
ing in Kampala city knows what these little planning at the Department of Architecture
Kampala as the best city to live in, in East and Physical Planning in Makerere Univer-
things mean to him. Africa. Reactions were mixed and many
“It is the people that make Kampala a sity also sounds frustrated about Kampala.
locals were skeptical. “It is incredibly difficult for people to
great place to live,” he says, “People in In its 2018 report published on March 20,
Kampala are bold, friendly and confident travel, the anguish on Kampala roads and
Mercer ranked Kampala at position 172, 14 the flooding when it rains a little bit is still a
which gives the city a great character and places ahead of Nairobi (186) while Kigali
makes for an excellent social life.” challenge,” she says adding that unpredict-
was ranked the third best city to live in, in ability and inefficiency pile extra costs on
He adds: “Since I moved here two and a East Africa, with a global position of 190.
half years ago, I’ve made lots of new friends city residents.
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania’s commercial city But a retired Ugandan journalist who has
many of whom will be friends for life. I like is ranked 199 out of 230 cities in the world.
to cook and thanks to Uganda’s wonder- frequently travelled across the East African
Interestingly, it is not only the “Mercer cities told The Independent why Kampala
ful climate, the fresh fruit and vegetables chaps” who find Kampala more attractive
available are among the best in the world. I scores highly for him.
for expatriates to live in. The 2017 Ease of “In this town, you can find women walk-
really value that.” Settling in Index report by `Expat Insider’,
But O’Hagan is also aware of a different ing with their bags at midnight; that does
a Munich-based human resource consul- not happen in other cities. I feel safer walk-
feeling, especially from the locals. tancy firm, ranked Uganda the eighth best
“Kampala’s rolling hills make for ing in Kampala.
country in the world for expatriates to “Kampala is one city where a foreigner
spectacular views - especially at sunset - settle in.
but sometimes I think people who have can say anything about this country’s politi-
The survey carried out in 65 countries cal issues without thinking twice. There
always lived here forget to appreciate asked participants to rate up to 43
how beautiful the cityscape can be,” he is also some level of tolerance in terms of
different factors on life abroad with political dissent and public criticism.
told The Independent. emphasis on personal satisfaction; both
It is a sentiment shared by Germany’s “At Entebbe Airport, foreigners will dis-
emotional (making friends abroad) and cuss how corrupt Ugandan officials are or
new ambassador to Uganda, Albrecht factual (personal safety).
Conze. In an interview early this year, how inefficient the system is and nothing
O
By Julius Businge Adam Mugume, to respond. However, the country had recorded less than
Mutebile, in his statement, said for the US$500million.
n April 09, the Bank next three years, the economy will be The other supporting factor, Mugume
of Uganda Governor, growing in the region of 6.5%, higher said, will be growth in exports that
Emmanuel Tumusiime- than the average 4.5% recorded in the would stabilise the local currency and
Mutebile, arrived at past six years. support business activities.
the Bank’s conference Mutebile said the growth will be He said exports, in the 12 months
room on the 7th Floor supported by the positive growth trend to February 2018, increased to about
to announce the Monetary Policy of the agriculture sector, Foreign Direct US$3.4bn up from US$2.5bn in the
Statement for April past the usual time, Investments and planned investments same period of 2016/17. However,
12:00pm. in oil and gas. opportunities from the exports maybe
The Governor, who usually keeps The country’s agriculture sector, hindered by expanding the import bill
time, came 40 minutes late. Looking according to Mugume (the ED for which grew to around US$5 billion in
calm and in protection of Deputy Research), grew from -0.4% in 2016 the period up to Feb.2018 compared to
Governor, Louis Kasekende and newly to 6.1% last year while Foreign Direct US$ 4.7billion in the same period up to
appointed Director of Communications, Investments (FDI) grew by 28% in the Feb.2017.
Charity Mugumya alongside other twelve months up to February 2018. This coupled with the planned
senior staff, Mutebile read the In money terms, Mugume told The investment in oil and gas sector and
statement without responding to any Independent the country recorded projected growth in banking and
questions from journalists. US$742million up from around $541 insurance, Mugume said would support
Instead, he requested the Bank’s million in 12 months to February the projected growth rate.
Executive Director for Research, 2018 as FDI. In the previous year, “The only challenge is that we have not
D
espite talk that micro-loans may
not create a big impact on the
economy, the scramble for a share
of the small loans business by
Uganda’s banking industry continues to
gain momentum.
Centenary Bank and a fintech firm have
become the latest financial institutions to
unveil a mobile platform for micro-loan
applications known as Cente Mobile Loan.
The product comes via a partnership with
Craft Silicon, a Kenyan-based software
company.
Cente Mobile Loan Service runs on iOS,
Android, Windows devices as well as USSD
for those with non-smart phone devices,
enabling customers registered with Cente
Mobile to borrow instant loans from as low Craft Silicon CEO Kamal Budhabhatti (L) and Centenary Bank Managing Director, Fabian Kasi, exchange
as Shs5, 000 to a maximum of Shs2million. MoU symbolising the lunch of CenteMobile Loan service on April 4, 2018. INDEPEDENT/ ISAAC KHISA
The loans are payable within 30 days at
an interest rate of 5%, which translates into In August 2016, Commercial Bank of payments.
60% per annum. It will not require one to Africa (CBA) unveiled MoKash – a micro- However, financial institutions have
pay for loan applications as well as process- savings and loans platform – in partnership argued that the high risks involved with
ing fees as is the case with traditional loans. with MTN Uganda, and has seen customers micro-loans are the reasons for the high
Robert Conwat, the head of micro-credit grow up to over 2.5million. interest rates.
at Centenary Bank, said potential borrow- The product, which enables customers
ers using the new service will be required get loans of up to Shs 1 million repayable Banking profits slowed down
to hold an account with the bank and also within 30 days at an interest rate of 9% per This development comes at the time com-
acquire a financial card. month or 108% per annum, has so far seen mercial banks are looking for avenues to
“Once loan processing is complete – usu- the bank’s loan book grow within a year by attract more customers into the borrowing
ally taking less than 10 seconds – the money more than Shs30bn. category as the banking industry grapples
will be wired directly to the customer’s bank Finance Trust Bank, unveiled Loan Ku- with slow private sector credit uptake as
account,” he said. “It is from here that the Ssimu service through its Trust Bank’s well as profit growth.
account holder can decide to either with- mobile banking platform dubbed Trust Data from Bank of Uganda shows that
draw the money using an ATM Card, Cente Mobile in March last year, and has seen a the country’s banking industry recorded a
Mobile or transfer directly to another person surge in the product uptake, with the cus- 10% growth in net profit to Shs 673bn for
or account.” tomers hooked onto the system now stand- the year ended last December up from Shs
He said the loans are mainly meant to ing at 5,420 as at the end of July last year. 611bn in 2016 excluding Crane Bank and
cater for emergency needs such as paying The bank had disbursed Shs371million Shs541bn in 2015.
school fees, purchase of goods and services, ranging between Shs100, 000 and Shs1mil- The slow growth has been attributed to
paying medical bills, buying fuel among lion via mobile phones, charging a 5% inter- slow private sector credit uptake as well as
others. est rate per month or 60% per annum, pay- declining interest rates. In 2014, the banking
The Bank’s Managing Director, Fabian able within three months during the same industry, consisting of 25 commercial banks,
Kasi, said the introduction of the new ser- period under review. recorded Shs485bn in net profit.
vice is intended to promote financial inclu- Ramathani Ggoobi, a policy analyst and The industry’s deposits grew by 12% to
sion. “We serve over 1.4 million customers, lecturer for economics at the Makerere Uni- Shs18.2 trillion last year, up from Shs16.2
majority of whom are low income earners versity Business School (MUBS) had earlier trillion and Shs 14.2 trillion during the same
located in rural areas,” he said, adding that told The Independent that banks are trying period under review.
the service is meant to enable the customers to be innovative so as to capture everybody This is the same trend with loans and
to access small instant loans, conveniently who would want to get into the credit area advances that increased to Shs 11.7 trillion
using mobile phones wherever they are, for them to make money but is not good for last year, up from Shs11.5 trillion in 2016
without the need to fill any paper work or the economy. and Shs10.8 trillion in 2015. The Non -Per-
visit the branch. He said the interest rates for micro-loans forming Loans fell to 4.9% from 10.5% and
The entry of Centenary Bank, the coun- are very high compared with the rates being 5.3% during the same period under review.
try’s largest bank in terms of customer base, charged on conventional banking credit Going forward, increased uptake for
into the micro-loan business demonstrates products, a scenario that is likely to make micro-loans is expected to contribute more
commercial banks’ appetite to grow their the population lose more money in interest to loans and advances for banks.
business through such innovations.
Jumia revolutionalising
e-commerce in the region
What is your assessment small commission and
of the growth of vary from category to
E-commerce in Uganda category. However, it is
E
and the region? usually less than 10% of
-commerce is the value of the product
growing at an that is brought via our
incredible speed platform.
in the region,
recording double digit Some challenges, if
every year. One of the any, that your company
best examples is Kenya, encounters on the
where the prevalence of Ugandan market?
E-commerce is very high. The biggest challenge
In terms of Uganda, it is is addressing the system
probably where Kenya for easy location of
was five-seven years ago. customers. The other
People are still hesitant to is trust that we are
embrace online shopping trying to overcome and
but that is usually the there’s a lot of issues
process. like reconciliation given
that many people prefer
So how are you dealing paying cash receiving the
with this slow customer product.
response to your platform?
We are ensuring that Sefik Bagdadioglu is the Regional Manager for What are the future plans
our platform is easy to as Jumia?
navigate and that the deals Jumia, an online shopping platform. He spoke to We want to grow and
are attractive. We are Isaac Khisa about the growth of E-commerce in become more relevant.
offering incentives such as We should be able to
cash on delivery as well as the region and its future outlook. provide a product that a
free returns within a period customer is looking for
of seven days in case the and at a better price. In
customer is not comfortable At the moment, you are because a similar products the future, we simply want
with the product. We also working with the local might be already being sold, to make your people’s lives
check prices on our site daily sellers or producers for for instance in Nigeria. What easier.
to ensure that they are even quick deliveries of various we shall only need is to
better than those being offered products to customers. How link up with the distributor Where do you see
in the brick and mortar shops. will you quickly respond to of these brands in these E-ecommerce in the next five
In addition, we are in the an order whose product is countries, negotiate, and the years?
process of expanding our far away probably in China product is brought for the I see more and more
range of products. We plan or Asia? customers on our behalf. people using E-ecommerce
to have four to five more We have a wide range of in their day to day lives
products on our site than we distributors that we work How has been Jumia’s because of its convenience.
do at the moment estimated with in Uganda and the 11 revenue growth trend like With internet, one can do
to be about 15,000 and this other countries where we are over the past few years? anything anywhere. For
includes bringing on board present. We have contacts of Our revenue growth is instance, one can order food,
new brands that are very distributors in these countries good, but to be honest, that is can make bookings, can
popularly in Asia, Europe, and and some of the products not our focus at the moment. order goods and do banking
China to Uganda. We are in that customers might require We want to ensure that Jumia without necessarily stepping
touch with the manufacturers here, might probably be can expand so that more out of his or her comfort
to ensure that the population already being sold in these people can benefit from it. zone. This is going to be
has options. We hope that other markets where we trend going forward.
a combination of these will have operations. This implies Then, how do you benefit
drive E-ecommerce in this that we may not need to from this business initiative
country. import, for instance, a specific given that it is not charity?
product directly from China We normally charge a
T
he East African govern- ments and the Exchanges. engine of driving alternative
ments have been urged “Governments needs to source of income.”
to use the Stock Ex- use Exchanges to raise capital. Deputy Governor, Bank
changes to raise capital There is opportunity and liquid- of Uganda, Louis Kasekende
especially through issuance of ity to support those IPOs,” he said there’s need to carry out
large Initial Public Offers (IPOs) said during the celebration to research into the obstacles that
that can only come from the mark the 20 years of existence of hinder companies from listing
public sector. the Uganda Securities Exchange so that possible solutions can
Geoffrey Odundo (Pictured), in Kampala on April 06. be found. USEs Market Capi-
the CEO for the Nairobi Secu- “The Exchanges need to talization currently stands at
rities Exchange (NSE), said work with the regulators and US$6billion compared to NSE’s
there is need for collaboration the government to ensure US$ 28.2billion.
between the East Africa govern- regional exchanges become the
banking
aviation
Barclays planned change of name to ABSA in Kenya challenged
B
arclays Bank of Kenya’s as the trade name in line with ing into the market of another
Finally, RwandAir
planned change of the recent changes in the bank’s entity with a similar name has gets new CEO
I
trade name to ABSA ownership at the continental and is bound to cause among
has run into strong level. ABSA Kenya, which was its clients. t is exactly a year since the
headwinds after a local com- incorporated in 2005, says it Last Month, a Barclays Africa Rwandan government fired
pany went to court to stop the reserved the name with the Group announced plans to John Mirenge as the chief
shift on grounds that it reserved registrar of trademarks for rebrand to Absa Group by 2020, executive officer of national
and has been using the name exclusive use and that it has subject to regulatory approval carrier, RwandAir, replacing him
for more than a decade, accord- incurred huge financial losses in all ten countries that it oper- with Col Chance Dergano in an
ing to the BusinessDaily. since Barclays announced plans ates in. This follows the suc- acting capacity.
ABSA Kenya Limited is seek- to rebrand. cessful sale of Barclays PLC’s The good news now is that the
ing to permanently restrain The losses, it says, arise from stake in the bank’s Africa’s national carrier has a substantial
Barclays from adopting ABSA the confusion that the com- operations. CEO following the appointment of
Yvonne Manzi Makolo (Pictured)
on April 06.
csr transport She takes over at the helm of the
airline alongside a growing number
Airtel fulfills Safaricom-backed Little Ride joins taxi-hailing of professional women in the coun-
try who hold similar leadership
pledge to industry in Kampala starting next month positions, the latest such appoint-
ment being that of Michaella Rug-
Karamoja girls wizangoga as CEO of Volkswagen
Rwanda.
I
Yvonne was for the past year part
n line with what it of the top team in the national air-
had promised earlier, line, holding the position of Deputy
Airtel Uganda hand- CEO in charge of Corporate Affairs.
ed over 100 goats to She takes over the mantle at the
50 girls in Moroto district time when the airline is looking to
in a bid to join in the expand their African and interconti-
fundraising campaign nental destination.
#GOATSFORGIRLS that RwandAir currently flies to 24
aims at keeping young destinations in Africa, Europe and
S
girls in the Karamoja re- Asia, with the maiden flight to
gion in school. The com- afaricom- backed online next month,” Kamal Budhab- China set for June this year.
pany said in a notice that taxi-hailing app Little hatti, Craft Silicon founder, tod
was circulated on April Ride is set to unveils its The Independent in an interview.
04 that this contribution, services in Uganda mid The firm’s expansion plans
amounting to Shs 11mil- next month, marking its first to Kampala is set to transfer the
lion is part of its efforts to expansion outside Kenya. taxi price wars that Little has
support education of the Little, developed by technol- sparked back in Kenya to the
girl child. The campaign ogy firm Craft Silicon, says it is American rival Uber and the
is being run by Interna- in the advanced stages to rollout Estonian-based Taxify.
tional Institute of Rural the tax-hailing app in Kampala. Uber and Taxify started their
Reconstruction (IIRR) “We are currently finalising operations in Uganda in 2016
and is targeting disad- plans with the relevant authori- and 2017, respectively, to tap
vantaged girls especially ties ahead of the rollout of the into the growing demand for
in pastoral communities. app possibly in the middle of city transport services.
T
recently undertook steps to
he cost of internet and have it lowered.
related services could The government, through
soon drop further if the its agency, the National Infor-
proposed sector broad- mation Technology Authority
band policy is implemented, Uganda (NITA-U) on Oct. 30,
according to the Minister of 2017, announced a reduction in
Information Technology and the price of internet bandwidth
Communications, Frank Tum- for government offices from
webaze. US$190 per Mbps to U$70.
Tumwebaze, who spoke on However, this is still high com-
the sidelines of the 19th ordinary pared to around US$50 per
session of the African Telecom- Mbps in Rwanda.
Frank Tumwebaze, the Minister of Information Technology and munication Union Administra- Fred Otunnu, who represent-
Communications speaking to the press at the 19th African tive Council meeting held in ed the Executive Director of the
Telecommunications union council of administration at Hotel Africana Kampala from April 4-5, said Uganda Communications Com-
on March 4. He ascertained that government should taxi Facebook and the policy will soon be dis- mission, said one of the pur-
whatsapp to promote local innovations. INDEPENDENT/JIMMY SIYA cussed in Cabinet. poses of the ATU meeting, is to
He said that the new policy help harmonise regional polices
which may possibly be out in to match those implemented
the coming months will ensure at the global level through the
that telecom companies cover International Telecommunica-
the whole country while offer- tion Union (ITU).
ing internet and voice call ATU brings together African
services. countries and mobile com-
He said they will urge munications providers to
telecom companies to share spearhead the development
infrastructure as a measure of of the continent’s information
cutting operational costs which and communication technology
would further lead to reduction infrastructure. Currently, it has
in consumer tariffs. 46 member states and 16 asso-
Tumwebaze’s announcement ciation members – consisting of
comes at the time the cost of fixed and mobile telecom opera-
internet and related services tors. The 19th meeting was orga-
remain high compared with nized by the UCC on behalf of
the rest of the countries in the the government of Uganda.
Winner of 1million worth of Fuel in the recently concluded Eastern Shell
Saving race Mukose Musa of Toyota Premio 1600cc (2nd R) pose for
a group photo with Vivo Energy HSSE Manager Allan Kibaya (R) and
his co-driver after their successful completion of the race from Shell
Amber Court in Jinja to Shell Iganga and back in the Shell Do More
campaign. INDEPENDENT/JIMMY SIYA
Weekly share price movement (March .20)
Security March 20 March 12 Movement
BATU 30000 30000 00
BOBU 120 120 00
CENT 1,679 1,626 3.2
DFCU 711 710 00
EABL 9,099 8,639 5.3
EBL 1,841 1,726 6.7
JHL 19,138 18,544 3.2
KA 411 469 12.4
KCB 1,841 1,762 4.5
NIC 17 16 00
NMG 3,683 3,687 0.1
NVL 510 510 00
SBU 29 29 00
Reagan Okumu, the Parliamentary chairperson of Local government Committee UCHM 95 95 00
addressing the press after the release of the assessment of accountability UCL 29 29 00
structures study by Civil Society at Golf Course Hotel on March 4. They urged
UMEME 410 405 1.2
government to embrace more meaningful partnership and engagement with
CSOs to enhance accountably functions in Uganda. INDEPENDENT/JIMMY SIYA ALSI -- -- --
R
wanda is commemorating the memorial ceremonies which include lis- In addition, the genocide took place
24th anniversary of the 1994 Tutsi tening to survivor testimonies and repre- during a time of a civil war (1 October
genocide. This claimed the lives of sentatives from survivors’ organisations. 1990-4 July 1994) and it was planned by
between 800,000 and one million Local and national leaders relate the a government that had abandoned its
Tutsis and moderate Hutus over 100 days. history of the genocide, and sometimes people. The government coerced many to
This is a good time to reflect on the his- perpetrators give testimonies. participate in the killings. It used years of
tory of policy and practice of memory, Bodies of victims are still being found deliberate propaganda, hate speech, and
justice, and recovery in the country to this day, in pits or on farms. These dehumanisation tactics to indoctrinate
over the past 24 years. Two questions bodies are reburied in communal memo- others into hate ideology.
are especially pertinent: how have rial sites during the kwibuka period. Many of the survivors were born of so-
Rwandans engaged in various forms of Sometimes icyunamo (time of mourning) called mixed marriages, with one Hutu
memory after genocide? How have these is observed. This is the cultural practice and one Tutsi parent. This reality chal-
processes been meaningful? of informal mourning that takes place lenges the binary nature of victimisation
From a series of nearly 60 interviews throughout the night, usually around a and perpetration of genocide in Rwanda.
conducted in the country since 2015, I fire.
have learned from a diversity of perspec- Regardless of the programme of kwi- Meaning making and memorialisation
tives about memory and justice. buka, each process ideally pays respect The interviews raise further questions:
The findings suggest that genocide to genocide victims and works to bring what are Rwandans empowered by and
memory in Rwanda is diverse and Rwandans together. what do they find meaningful about
dynamic. The interviewees’ often offered But not all acts of memory are nec- memorial sites and kwibuka, in order to
surprising and unexpected perspectives. essarily guided by the intention of sustain these processes over time?
These could not have been assumed achieving peace and justice, unity and For example, the research shows that,
from reading secondary reports or by reconciliation. Some of this is because of although some survivors feel validated
observing the commemorations from a individual differences in perspective and when former perpetrators join them at
distance. resilience. Simply put, some people cope commemoration ceremonies, others fear
For example many people – including better with the harms that they suffered that requiring former genocidaires to
genocide survivors and former perpetra- for various reasons, among them faith, attend when they still do not accept their
tors – have a more holistic concept of education, and economic gains since the guilt might result in a backlash.
justice than punishing perpetrators. And genocide.
there is a huge desire for spaces for dia- Some individuals do not feel particu-
logue about how memories of genocide larly connected to the memorial sites. Some individuals attend kwibuka to
emerge and impact everyday life. These Yet they still attend the ceremonies. This support their neighbours but do not
spaces would bring together survivors, can cause conflicts of memory, especially consider it their “own story.” Others con-
perpetrators, returnees, and ordinary when what is being remembered differs sider it to be one of the most significant
citizens. There is also a great desire for according to an individuals’s experience and emotional days of their lives each
knowledge about how to use these mem- of the genocidal process. So it is impor- year. Some embrace kwibuka as a chance
ories to seek justice, validation, and pro- tant to ask Rwandans how urwibutso to remember their loved ones among the
mote coexistence; especially for future and kwibuka have or have not led to comfort of friends and neighbours. Yet,
generations. senses of justice, and what aspects of others fear it, because of the retraumati-
these processes are meaningful. sation, grief, depression, and anger they
What we learnt might feel.
I interviewed genocide survivors, Local cultures of memory These are some examples of the diverse
former perpetrators and ordinary It is also important to go back into the perspectives of kwibuka, all of which are
citizens who were neither targeted for culture of Rwanda to inform the process valid and coexist in the same physical
genocide nor took part in killing. Offi- of reflecting on and remembering the and emotional space every April in
cials engaged in memory processes in genocide. That serves to ensure that these Rwanda.
Rwanda were also interviewed. processes are salient to Rwandans them-
The commemoration ceremonies take selves, regardless of their backgrounds.
place over 100 days, known as the Kwi- Achieving these goals is not an easy Samantha Lakin is a PhD Candidate,
buka period, beginning on April 7 each process. For example, proximity mat- Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide
year. During this period, Rwandans visit ters, as genocide survivors, genocidaires, Studies; Fulbright Scholar, Clark University.
village, district, or national memorial returnees, and others still live together in Eric Ndushabandi, Director, Institute of
sites known as urwibutso where geno- close contact, in local communities and Research and Dialogue for Peace, Rwanda,
cide victims are buried. There they hold villages in Rwanda. co-authored this article.
A
s we approach the 2018/2019 adminstration. common sense that the soul of any banking
Financial Year and the statecraft Secondly, Internet (data) in Uganda is system is TRUST. Without trust, there are
colour that comes with it - the State already taxed – to therefore tax use of What- no banks.
of the Nation address and reading sApp, Facebook, and Twitter etc. is double Implementation of such a directive
of the national budget; the dress rehearsals taxation. Even then, taxing information plat- will ensure that the country retreats into
are taking shape. forms, which means effectively constraining informal economy. With Uganda’s tax to
For the first time, Ugandans are debating free flow of information, comes with gover- GDP ratio at less that 15% (This percentage
the revenue side of the budget. For a nance implications. is very low compared to other East African
number of years, debate on the public To use tax to restrict debate and flow of Community and Sub-Saharan African coun-
budget - through the circle of consultations ideas even when one disagrees with those tries which are at 20% of GDP on average),
in districts, civil society boardrooms, gov- ideas is an onslaught on democracy. Make one would imagine that URA and other
ernment and parliamentary hallways – has no mistake; economies that thrive are those government agencies would be pursuing
been about what to spend on, where to that are open- that allow imagination and policies and incentives that would drive
spend, why and how to spend on things! unfettered exchange of ideas, experimenta- citizenry into formalised ways of life in
That we are now talking and circling on tion and execution. order to be able assess and collect more tax
sources of public revenue is a good thing. People have amazing capacity to dis- revenue.
I hope our buzzing talk on a number of cern helpful information and non-helpful Edmund Burke remarked; ‘Revenue is the
mainstream, social, and get-together plat- information. Local content /innovation chief preoccupation of the state. Nay more
forms - finds space into ambers of public promotion is not achieved through ret- it is the state’ (quoted in O’Brien (2001, p.
policy. rogressive taxation of Internet platforms 25). Taxation is inherently political. In the
First, the recent ‘thinking out of the box’ but rather strengthening of local capacity early 20th century, Joseph Schumpeter once
WhatsApp tax, the proposed 15% tax on through delivery of tax rebates and venture wrote: ‘Taxes not only helped create the
money transfers, the directive to Banks financing to ICT developers etc. state; they helped form it. Whereas I agree
to lay open citizen’s bank accounts for Harnessed properly, information flow with Burke and Schumpeter that largely
purposes of taxation have really got me through Internet is also critical to law the process of tax collection is one of the
thinking about our country’s tax code. It’s enforcement, national security and accen- most powerful lenses in political economy
logic of ages that a country’s tax code can tuating of entrepreneurship. In fact, in to assess the distribution of power and
break or boost its economy. These hasty, Buwate, Kira, Wakiso, the community has a the legitimacy of the state and of powerful
non consultative and policy by slogan vigilante WhatsApp group with police per- interest groups in civil society, it is impor-
tax proposals are a response to an open sonnel operating in the area as members. tant to note that sustainability of taxation
secret – that the economy has been hurting Security updates on this platform has been enterprise relies on fairness, inclusiveness,
since 2016, that the 6.7% GDP rebound helpful for the community and police to and justness of taxation regime. It is also
that Deputy Governor, Bank of Uganda reduce crime in the area. Recently, a Wat- important to note that the ambition of
Dr.Louis Kasekende recently mentioned at sapp Group named “ Concerned Citizens’ increasing domestic tax revenue in order to
a Uganda Securities Exchange event is not launched ‘Fortune500’ savings and invest- provide public goods, develop infrastruc-
a concrete story, that it is not felt in people’s ments’ group. Physically unknown to each tures needed to speed up national develop-
pockets. other, members are people who have been ment is met with the reality that develop-
Kasekende knows that the wellness of the linked by WhatsApp and are now working ment actually happens and that there is no
economy should in fact be more at the core together to build various tax paying corpo- leakage of tax money through corruption.
and measured on number of meaningful rations in Uganda. When people feel their taxes are put to
jobs it creates, the purchasing power of citi- Internet taxes should, therefore, instead good use, voluntary compliance in pay-
zenry – and the health of current account. be removed to help Uganda achieve uni- ment of taxes increases. A tax code that
Since independence, Uganda has seldom versal coverage of Internet and thus allow that sucks blood and freedom out of the
operated a current account surplus. innovations and growth of businesses. economy/country is regressive and counter
According to open source datasets from Taxing WhatsApp, Facebook etc. is regres- productive. As we embark on the journey of
Central Intelligence Agency, as of January sive, anti-development, and undemocratic. balancing the budget, we are required to act
2018, Uganda’s current account deficit was Our policy makers and agencies must judiciously and build a progressive tax code
at -$1.476 billion. Precisely, we continue understand that the collection of tax not where everyone pays a fair share, a tax code
to import more goods and services and only requires substantial coercive power, that will grow the economy for the many,
export less goods and services. This speaks but also more importantly requires a state expand social services, boost national secu-
to the state of our strategic and productive to be legitimate since the vast majority of rity, inspire innovation - and political and
capacity as a country – and even for the tax is collected when there is a high level of social economic freedoms. May the force of
talk about spending and spending – are we voluntary compliance. God be with you.
are spending on the right skillsets (person Thirdly (Sadly), the Uganda Revenue
bytes) and known productive sectors of Authority (URA) directive to have banks Morrison Rwakakamba is a resident of
the economy like industry, research and expose private bank account details of its Nyeibingo village, Kebisoni, Rukungiri,
agriculture? More evidence points to more clients is not only an attempt at blatant mrwakakamba@gmaiol.com
spends’ on re-current expenditure and over- invasion of privacy – but also ant-logic! It is
I
n emerging markets, manufacturing Global South faces. Unlike traditional each other and to the Internet – is the future
has historically been a source of produc- manufacturing, which employs legions of of production. These so-called “smart facto-
tivity, growth, and jobs. Since the 1950s, low-skill workers, an expanded services ries” will drive manufacturing forward, and
industrialisation has kept economies in sector will not offset the jobs lost to shut- if emerging markets are to compete in this
Latin America, Asia, and Eastern Europe tered factories. With a few notable excep- new production landscape, those driving
on a steady glide toward higher stages of tions – including construction and tourism policy will need to raise the levels of auto-
development. – nonmanufacturing industries cannot mation, competitiveness, and connectedness
But as a growth strategy for low-income deliver productivity gains while also ensur- in their economies.
countries, the efficacy of traditional manu- ing adequate employment. For this reason, The coming “servicification of manufac-
facturing is waning. To compete in the a full departure from the status quo would turing” will confront policymakers every-
technology-driven global economy of the be unwise. where – but especially in the developing
future, developing countries will need new But there is a solution: emerging markets world – with hard choices. Not all econo-
models to increase productivity and put may be able to develop more nuanced mies will benefit from manufacturing-relat-
people to work. strategies that merge elements of produc- ed services, and it will require creativity to
Two factors are conspiring to cast doubt tion processes for both physical and non- determine how services might complement
on the wisdom of manufacturing-led devel- physical goods. If, however, the future of evolution on the factory floor.
opment. The first is competitiveness: attract- production is a melding of manufacturing But as Hallward-Driemeier and Nayyar
ing production to low-income countries has and services, low-income countries will note, regardless of where output occurs,
never been harder. Labour costs, exchange have to adapt. tomorrow’s production lines will be smarter
rates, and infrastructure are all fiercely con- The world has much to learn about the than today’s. “The agenda, therefore,
tested, which has led to a consolidation of interplay of manufacturing and services, should be to prepare countries to use syn-
global manufacturing hubs. but one thing is certain: technology lies at ergies across sectors to participate in the
The second factor is technology. As the center of the transition. As my World entire value chain of a product, while also
robotics and artificial intelligence lower Bank colleagues Mary Hallward-Driemeier exploiting standalone opportunities beyond
labour costs, the rationale for transferring and Gaurav Nayyar recently noted, “inter- manufacturing.”
manufacturing to emerging economies has connected manufacturing” – whereby It is more difficult than ever to boost
diminished. This is particularly problematic machinery and equipment are connected to employment of low- and unskilled workers
for countries, such as those in Sub-Saharan while maintaining healthy levels of growth.
Africa, that are just now turning to industri- Globalisation and new technologies are dra-
alisation to spur growth. In the near term, matically changing the world’s manufactur-
developing countries that are dependent on The world has ing landscape, forcing leaders in emerging
much to learn
manufacturing can compete by improving economies to reconsider their paths toward
business environments and training more prosperity.
skilled workers. But sooner or later, wages
and workforces will stop offering a com- about the Fortunately, there is more that unites
manufacturing and services than separates
parative advantage.
With traditional manufacturing unlikely
interplay of them. If the “smart factory” transition is
managed wisely, economies in the Global
to fuel future economic growth in the manufacturing South could find new opportunities for
and services,
Global South, economists are exploring growth. The alternative – joblessness amid
new models of productivity. One idea is to sputtering economic engines – is an out-
encourage a transition toward services such
as banking, finance, telecommunications, but one thing come no one can afford.
at the center of
oping countries in particular, technology-
dependent activities are being championed Copyright: Project Syndicate, 2018.
as an economic panacea, given the low mar-
ginal costs of expanding production. the transition
But embracing the service sector in
isolation will not solve the economic and
employment-related challenges that the
W
e have four major global pneumonia care to having my blood
challenges in health care. And pressure controlled, and much more? And,
I think the unsung hero of the
health-care system – primary
The third more important, can someone know me as a
whole person and not just as a pathology?
health care – can help us solve them all. challenge And that relates to the fifth core function:
we face
The first challenge is the rise of chronic person-centeredness. Are we able to create
noncommunicable diseases such as trusting relationships over time that help
hypertension, which is the world’s leading
killer. is the people attain their health goals?
We can address today’s four major global
The second challenge is fragmentation
of care. Complex systems are unable to
persistence health challenges by building effective
primary health-care systems. That means
integrate care for patients with multiple
conditions. We see this when trying to get
of building clinics and supply chains while
not losing sight of the real goal: creating a
test results to patients, or during the risky preventable reliable source of accessible, competent, and
period when patients are discharged from
hospital to home. infectious trusted care to promote and maintain health
over a lifetime.
The third challenge we face is the
persistence of preventable infectious and
and chronic
chronic diseases. One-third of deaths in the
U.S. are preventable, as are up to 80-90% of
diseases Asaf Bitton is Director of Primary Health Care
at Ariadne Labs, a joint center of Brigham and
deaths in low-income countries. That means Women’s Hospital and the Harvard T.H. Chan
that most of the 17,000 children under the School of Public Health.
age of five who die every day could have
been saved. Source: Project Syndicate, 2018.
That brings us to the fourth challenge:
low-quality care. Imagine a woman in
Nigeria seeking care for her pneumonia-
stricken child. If she can find a clinic, there
is a 50% chance that someone will be there
when she arrives. If there is, that person
correctly diagnoses pneumonia, a leading Affordable
cause of death, 50% of the time. Even with &
the right diagnosis, the right treatment is innovative
technology
available and will be administered 50%
Community
of the time. In other words, the rate of Water,
participation
successful treatment rate is about 12%. nutrition
&
Seen against in this background, and
health
sanitation
improving primary health care is essential. education
Primary care is not just about building
clinics or implementing disease-specific
programs. It is really about five core Strengthening
functions (the 5 Cs).
The first is contact access. Where do I go
primary
for the majority of my health needs and Health care
health care Appraisal
infrastructure incentive &
when I need something more acutely? training
The second is continuity. Does someone
know me over time? Do they know my
allergies so that they don’t give me the
wrong antibiotic?
The third is coordination. Can someone Increasing Preventive
help navigate across my lifespan and public care &
address my multiple health and social health health
expenditure insurance
needs?
The fourth is comprehensiveness.
Can I get a range of services, from acute
H
By Maria Cohut body are actually tied to the way in were being stimulated by their female
which this pastime influences brain partners.
aving sex can flavor activity and the release of hormones in The scans demonstrated that
our nights, and days, the central nervous system. stimulating the erect male organ
with sweet pleasure and Here, we explain what happens increased blood flow in the
excitement, relieving in the brain when we are sexually posterior insula and the secondary
stress and worry. And, stimulated, and we look at how this somatosensory cortex in the right
of course, sex has been activity can lead to changes in mood, hemisphere of the brain, while
key to ensuring that the human race metabolism, and the perception of decreasing it in the right amygdala.
lives on. In this article, we ask, “How pain. The insula is a part of the brain that
does sex impact what happens in the has been tied to processing emotions,
brain?” Brain activity and sexual as well as to sensations of pain and
Sexual intercourse is known to warmth. Similarly, the secondary
impact the way in which the rest of stimulation somatosensory cortex is thought to
our body functions. For both men and women, sexual play an important role in encoding
Recent studies have shown that it stimulation and satisfaction have been sensations of pain.
can have an effect on how much we demonstrated to increase the activity As for the amygdala, it is known
eat, and how well the heart functions. of brain networks related to pain and to be involved in the regulation of
As has previously been reported on emotional states, as well as to the emotions, and dysregulations of
Medical News Today, sex has been reward system. its activity have been tied to the
cited as an effective method of burning This led some researchers to liken development of anxiety disorders.
calories, with scientists noting that sex to other stimulants from which An older study from the same
appetite is reduced in the aftermath. we expect an instant “high,” such as university — which focused on brain
Also, a study published in the drugs and alcohol. regions that were activated at the
Journal of Health and Social Behavior A 2005 study by researchers time of ejaculation — found that there
in 2016 found that women who have at the University Medical Center was an increase in blood flow to the
satisfying sex later in life might be Groningen in the Netherlands used cerebellum, which also plays a key
better protected against the risk of positron emission tomography scans role in the processing of emotions.
high blood pressure. to monitor the cerebral blood flow of The researchers liken the activation
Many of the effects of sex on the male participants while their genitals of the cerebellum during ejaculation
Want to de-stress?
Delete Facebook, study suggests
I
By Ana Sandoiu One group was asked to refrain from using with their life, and were looking forward to
Facebook for five days, while the other resuming their Facebook activity.”
f Cambridge Analytica didn’t put group continued to use Facebook as usual.
you off Facebook forever, this might: The researchers took saliva samples Findings may apply to all social
a new study says that quitting the from the participants both at the beginning
social media network can drastically and the end of the intervention, in order to
networks
Prof. Vanman speculates on what may
lower your stress levels. measure their levels of the stress hormone have led to these results. He says, “People
The Cambridge Analytica scan- cortisol. experienced less well-being after those five
dal — also known as the largest data leak Prof. Vanman sums up his findings, days without Facebook — they felt less
in Facebook history — caused the social reporting, “Taking a Facebook break for just content with their lives — from the resulting
network to lose around a million daily users five days reduced a person’s level of the social disconnection of being cut off from
from the United States and Canada. stress hormone cortisol.” their Facebook friends.”
If you’re not one of these users, and the Cortisol is known to soar when a person “Abstaining from Facebook,” continues
thought of your personal data being used is stressed. In fact, the hormone is consid- Prof. Vanman, “was shown to reduce a per-
to manipulate voters is not enough to make ered to be the key player in stress, regulat- son’s level of [...] cortisol, but people’s own
you abandon the platform, perhaps this ing how our body responds to it. ratings of their stress did not change — per-
new study will change your mind. Too much cortisol can compromise our haps because they weren’t aware their stress
Researchers at the University of immune system, making us more vulner- had gone down.”
Queensland in Brisbane, Australia — led by able to infections, impairing our memory, Finally, he suggests that the findings may
Prof. Eric Vanman, who is a senior lecturer and predisposing us to obesity, among oth- apply to all social media networks. “We
at the university’s School of Psychology — er things. Further negative effects of chronic don’t think that [the findings are] necessar-
wanted to investigate the impact of quitting exposure to cortisol over prolonged periods ily unique to Facebook,” he explains, “as
Facebook on the users’ stress levels and of time may include “impaired cognition, people’s stress levels will probably reduce
overall well-being. decreased thyroid function, and accumula- anytime they take a break from their favor-
The results, which have just been pub- tion of abdominal fat, which [...] has impli- ite social media platforms.”
lished in the Journal of Social Psychology, cations for cardiovascular health.” “Facebook has become an essential social
may convince you to #DeleteFacebook — if However, staying away from Facebook tool for millions of users and it obviously
not in protest, then out of concern for your might also make you sadder — at least provides many benefits. Yet, because it
health. in the beginning. As Prof. Vanman says, conveys so much social information about
“While participants in our study showed an a large network of people, it can also be tax-
Cortisol levels dropped improvement in physiological stress by giv- ing,” says Prof. Vanman
Prof. Vanman and his colleagues exam- ing up Facebook, they also reported lower
ined two groups of active Facebook users, feelings of well-being.”
comprising 138 study participants in total. Source: Medical News Today
“People said they felt more unsatisfied
Speaking
vernacular
for modern
artists
Contradictions in decolonising
art training in Africa
F
By Dominic Muwanguzi
S
and S65 AMG models, although these will inline six-cylinder turbo worth 320kW and
ay it isn’t so! Mercedes-AMG ex- at least stick around until the end of their 520Nm, and it’s only a matter of time before
pected to adopt hybrid turbo V8 as current life cycles, the U.S. publication we see a flagship hybrid version of the V8.
its flagship engine reported. At this stage there is no word on The AMG GT 53 4-Door Coupe runs a
As the march of technology con- whether there will be a new-generation G65 mild hybrid powertrain to boost power and
tinues and emissions regulations begin to AMG as a last-hurrah for 12-cylinder AMGs, reduce emissions
bite, automotive juggernauts will fall by the although this report certainly makes that Moers recently told journalists that “…
wayside. Case in point, the Mercedes-AMG seem less likely. in the performance segment I think that
M279 engine, known outside Benz nerd Although he didn’t elaborate on what this hybridisation and electrification is going
circles as the biturbo 6.0-litre V12. path will entail, the logical assumption is to be the key,” which will sound the death
Capable of generating an immense output that some of the 4-litre twin-turbo V8 mod- knell for the V12 in the AMG line-up.
of 463kW at 5400rpm and 1000Nm 2300rpm els will be paired with an ‘EQ Boost’ hybrid But the V12 won’t be completely binned,
while retaining a creamy-smooth power system, similar to that featured in the new not just yet.
delivery, the V12 engine is reserved for top- straight-six ‘53’ AMG models The colossal V12 is built on the AMG
shelf AMG models such as versions of the Mooted 12 months ago at the 2017 assembly line and is expected to continue to
S-Class coupe and sedan and the G-Class Geneva motor show, AMG’s new hybrid V8 power some Mercedes-Benz and Mercedes-
SUV. will pump out around 600kW, significantly Maybach models. Some customers won’t
However, in an interview with U.S. pub- more than the V12’s 463kW. accept anything less than 12-cylinders.
lication `Car and Driver’, Mercedes-AMG The naming convention for the ludicrous- Moers said “We will continue to build the
boss Tobias Moers effectively confirmed ly powerful AMG hybrid engine could be engine for other sub-brands,” which is in
that the big turbo V12 will be axed. 73, given that AMG recently trademarked S line with comments made by his Mercedes-
“Eventually, the 12-cylinder engine will 73, GLS 73 and G 73 in Europe. Benz colleague Ola Kallenius in 2016.
be phased out at AMG,” Tobias revealed. At the time, the German hot haus insisted Mercedes-Benz’ research and develop-
He said that Mercedes-Benz high-per- the hybrid V8 motor will propel the new ment kingpin, Kallenius stated that the V12
formance division would instead “follow Mercedes-AMG GT 4-Door Coupe to won’t die – not completely.
another path”. 100km/h in less than three seconds. He reckons that certain rusted-on custom-
The new direction of travel for Mercedes- Currently the highest state of tune for that ers only buy the top-end models because of
AMG is towards an electrified powertrain. car is in the GT 63 S model, which bangs out the colossal V12 engine.
Mercedes-AMG has already confirmed it is 470kW/900Nm and is good for an stomach- “The V12 is a segment for connoisseurs,
readying a petrol-electric hybrid version of churning 3.2sec sprint to 100km/h. it’s a small and exclusive segment and we
its smaller but newer twin-turbo 4.0-litre V8 The AMG GT 53 4-Door Coupe already will continue to offer that,” said Kallenius.
that powers its AMG 63 models today.
K
morning show. She also worked with East says, she wanted to be a lawyer.
aritas Karisimbi insists on being African TV until she quit the media to in “I liked speaking for others and helping
referred to as `Nalongo’ - for 2006, to concentrate on her production, them to seek justice,” she says, “But I
having had twins eight years K-files and her hair products business. realised that it was a very long journey
ago. Three months ago, Karitas Karitas is among the last of the nine so I took on a second option in the media
returned to TV screens; specifically NBS children of Rwandan parents raised by something I don’t regret.”
TV, after a break. a single mother. The family moved a lot She did a Journalism course in Nairobi
She says it’s partly because her twins under the care of guardians. That is and IT in UK.
are now grown and also because TV is her how she ended up starting
passion. school in Nairobi,
“During all this time while I was away, I Kenya. She returned
matured,” she says, “I wanted to come back to Uganda for
with a much bigger impact; with my own her secondary
idea, having a finished product so I could school at East
have control of my show.” Kololo and
She says it is her way of maintaining Namugongo
relevance but TV few stations were willing in Kampala.
to allow her free rein. She says even NBS She also
TV which liked her concept switched a went to City
few things in the `Chat room’, which is the High, Royal
name of her show. She hosts celebrities College,
mainly although she says anyone with a
relevant and influential story is welcome.
She explains although the target audience
is largely female, she doesn’t want to leave
men out.
“I want to talk about things that are
relevant such that my guests can answer
the things that they never want to answer,”
she says.
Karitas also plans to start something
with the youth and one of the avenues is to
share her life story in a way to inspire them.
She says it is a work in progress.
“I am not where I want to be in terms of
concept execution but I am too ambitious
and know that I will get there,” she says.
Karitas hit Uganda TV in 2000 as a
sizzling host of then famous `Show time
magazine’ on WBS TV. She says she
was working as a waitress at Hotel
International in Kampala when she
met Elvis Sekyanzi, a budding
entertainment entrepreneur
whose father Gordon
Wavamunno owned WBS TV.
After going through some
test, she landed the `Show
time magazine’ gig on
WBS TV. She describes
the three years on WBS
as “amazing”. She met
and networked with
lots of people and has
never looked back.
While still at WBS,
she joined Sanyu FM
presenting a midnight.
Then after she quit WBS
TV she joined Capital FM
I
know about you? Kagame; I love his strong head, most despise? it has also been good to me. I
am a shy person which he is cool and always smart. He I despise people in positions don’t know how to stay any-
many people find hard to also managed to unite a country of power that abuse them. where else.
believe because I always that was at the verge of collapse
look direct into people’s and disunity. He managed to What is the quality you most What is your most treasured
eyes when holding conversa- unify people, get his country like in a woman? possession?
tions. back through instilling a culture The fear of God is the begin- I treasure life everyday.
I am also selfless although or organization; so I just admire ning of wisdom and under-
sometimes the decisions I make him. He commands power and standing. What do you regard as the low-
in that regard are stupid. authority. est depth of misery?
I am a dancer because danc- What is the quality you most Sleeping on an empty stom-
ing is my happy place. Over What is your greatest extrava- like in a man? ach; especially the children. The
time, I have learnt that there is gance? Knowing God is the center of lowest point for a youth is not
so much that we can do with I used to spend on shoes and everything. having control of a situation
everything, so I don’t stress at one time, I had 410 pairs of when you could easily take
myself thinking about doing shoes but may be because I was What or who is the greatest control of it.
everything. Because as you always in the limelight. But love of your life?
grow old, the race against time now days, my extravagance are My boys are the reason my What is your favorite occupa-
sets in and almost everything my kids because this is their faith in God was renewed so I tion?
matters. time. love them to bits. TV is my first love and it
allows me speak to many peo-
What is your idea of perfect What is your current state of When and where were you ple spontaneously.
happiness? mind? happiest?
My boys are miracle children I am happy though not ful- Bringing my twins back from What do you most value in
and with them, my faith was filled yet. hospital after birth prematurely. your friends?
renewed. Watching my first show Honesty and respect.
What do you consider the most upon return to the media early
What is your greatest fear? overrated virtue? this year. Who are your favourite writ-
I fear disappointing others Gossip and social media are The time I discovered that ers?
because when I make a prom- things we could use to our gain God has a purpose for me that I John Grisham and biogra-
ise, I feel that I should hold onto but we instead misuse them to haven’t yet tapped into. phies of different people; espe-
it. There is also the fear and preach hate, demeaning each cially women.
pressure to raise my children other because at the end of the Which talent would you most
into good citizens. day, we all end up in one place. like to have? Which historical figure do you
I like to sing but not to per- most identify with?
What is the trait you most de- What does being powerful form on stage. I just want to Princess Diana was in a posi-
plore in yourself? mean to you? sing songs that people just love tion of power but seated on fire
I procrastinate a lot; there is Starting from the home, listening to. with all the criticism and pres-
so much I would already have power comes with influence sure. She disregarded all that
done by now if not for procras- and with it, you may demand, If you could change one thing and went ahead doing charity.
tination. oppress, and abuse which is about yourself, what would I put her in the same category
why with power, many get it be? with Michael Jackson for the
What is the trait you most de- lost and end up controlling Anything that I want to amount of power that he had.
plore in others? and abusing it. The fact that change, I can change but not
I can carry other things but someone has power makes anymore. What is your greatest regret?
not lies. them think that they can own One thing I regret is not using
anything not knowing that its What do you consider your my position in the media to the
Which living person do you misuse. greatest achievement? fullest; for instance like giving
most admire? I don’t know if I have back to society.
My Mum Gertrude, is more On what occasion do you lie? achieved it yet but for now, it
than strong because she suf- I try not to tell lies because is returning to TV and still be How would you like to die?
fered two strokes but you can’t chances are that I will tell the appreciated, relevant and loved. In my sleep after having
tell. She sets her goals and sticks truth unknowingly. Even when I still have an audience that good moments with my people.
to them, loved one man was I tell lies, it doesn’t sit down loves and supports me. I have
disappointed and quit to raise well with me. also achieved big steps with my What is your motto?
her children. I also admire my boys. Make every day that you live
little sister Maria; she turned What do you most dislike meaningful, give it your best
her life around and has never about your appearance? Where would you most like and leave the rest with God at
looked back. Not anymore. to live? the center.
H
alf of the planet cannot access es- able Development Goals include universal the UN has made reducing illicit financial
sential health services. For many health coverage as a target. And it is not flows a key component of achieving the
people, paying to see a doctor, only rich countries that have embraced Sustainable Development Goals.
obtaining medications, seeking this goal: from Thailand to Costa Rica to With broad agreement on the need to
family-planning advice, or even getting Rwanda, countries with mixed health sys- combat corruption in the health sector,
immunised against common illnesses is a tems and limited resources have dedicated the harder challenge will be developing
choice between staying healthy and slip- funds and political capital to making uni- workable remedies. National treasuries,
ping into poverty. And, more than ever, versal health care a reality. finance ministries, and anti-corruption
the health-care options that poor people do Steps are being taken to help these coun- agencies need to strengthen their efforts
have are being degraded by a familiar foe. tries succeed. Last year, Japan pledged $2.9 to cooperate on prevention, detection,
In many low- and middle-income coun- billion to help developing countries achieve and enforcement. Improving transpar-
tries, corruption, inadequate spending, universal health coverage. And the World ency in financial systems could also
and wasted resources pose enduring Bank has indicated that a country’s ability help curb corruption, while civil-society
challenges for health-care systems. to borrow from it could eventually be tied groups, journalists, and patients should
Growing up in Pakistan, I saw people to investments in human capital, including push for greater accountability from gov-
forced to go to extremes to secure health health spending. ernments and medical providers.
care. For example, families might be But such gestures, however laudable In the future, new technologies like
forced to sell off cattle and other valu- – and overdue – will not be enough to data mining, artificial intelligence, and
ables to pay exorbitant medical bills. remove the barriers to quality health blockchain could offer new ways to detect
What is shocking is that the scourge of services. Until corruption, theft, and wrongdoing in the health sector; these and
health-related poverty continues to claim wasteful and inefficient spending are other tools should be investigated fully.
victims today. Indeed, in some countries, addressed more vigorously, universal Expanding health-care access and
people falling into poverty due to the health coverage will remain aspirational. protecting the sector’s finances are dual
high cost of health care is an everyday Fortunately, governments are increas- challenges that the international com-
reality. ingly committed to solving the corrup- munity must address together. There
On a recent trip to Africa, I heard a har- tion crisis. Tax evasion and fraud – both is an urgent need to act without delay.
rowing story of a hospital where women common crimes – are drawing closer Rates of noncommunicable diseases like
and their newborns are routinely held scrutiny from law enforcement agencies. cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular dis-
hostage – often for months – until families Tax evasion doesn’t just enable money ease are increasing almost exponentially,
can find the money to settle their bills. laundering; it also robs the public sector of and lack of access to quality care will
According to researchers at the University important resources. This is one reason why add to many countries’ governance chal-
of California, San Diego, corruption, waste, lenges.
and unethical billing cost patients and Development strategists understand
health systems billions of dollars annually. that poor health is a harbinger of poverty
In the United States, as much as 10% of Today, some and a barrier to eliminating it. Today,
800 million
public-sector spending on health care is some 800 million people spend at least
lost to fraudulent billing, and tens of mil- 10% of their household budgets on
lions face significant economic barriers to
health care. people spend health, often going into debt to fund
the treatment they need. The fact that
Clearly, improving health outcomes
requires both increased government
at least 10% of so many people cannot afford to visit
a doctor is truly shameful. The world
spending and an end to shady practices their household needs universal health coverage; but to
budgets on
that siphon crucial resources from the achieve it, the world’s health sector must
health system. But how? undergo treatment of its own.
Around the world, corruption and
collusion are institutionalised in many health, often
health-care systems. Of the $6.5 trillion
spent annually on healthcare, an estimated
going into debt Sania Nishtar is a co-chair of the World
Health Organization’s Independent High-level
$455 billion is lost, misused, or stolen. to fund the Commission on Noncommunicable Diseases,
treatment they
Simply put, health costs are bankrupting a former federal minister of Pakistan, and the
some of the poorest people in the world, founder and president of Heartfile. Find her on
because many of the richest are lining
their pockets. need Twitter at @SaniaNishtar.
#NBSUpdates