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Energy Work & Power

(Past Papers Questions)


MCQs
1. A small motor has an input power rating of 10 W and is run for 5.0 minutes.
What is the electrical energy input to the motor in this time?

A 2.0 J B 50 J C 300 J D 3000 J

2. A student of mass 60 kg climbs some steps. He travels a horizontal distance of 2.0 m and a vertical
distance of 1.5 m. The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

What is the work done against the force of gravity?

A 90 J B 120 J C 900 J D 1200 J

3. Which energy source is non-renewable?


A nuclear energy
B solar energy
C tidal energy
D wind energy

4. In a coal-fired power station, the coal is burnt and thermal energy (heat) is produced.
The thermal energy is used to produce electrical energy.
In which order does the energy pass through parts of the power station?

A boiler → generator → turbine


B boiler → turbine → generator
C turbine → boiler → generator
D turbine → generator → boiler
5. A tennis ball of mass 56 g is travelling at 1500 metres / minute.
Which expression is equal to the kinetic energy, in joules, of the tennis ball?

6. In a hydroelectric power station, 4.2 × 105


kg of water passes through the turbines every second.
The turbines are at a height of 50 m below the surface of the reservoir. The gravitational field strength g is
10 N / kg.
Assuming there are no energy losses, what is the power output of the power station?

7. An astronaut on the Moon drops a tool box of mass 3.0 kg. It falls from rest and its kinetic energy
as it hits the surface is 0.96 J.
At which speed does the tool box hit the surface of the Moon?
A 0.46 m / s B 0.57 m / s C 0.64 m / s D 0.80 m / s

8. A car travels a distance of 200 m in 20 s. The engine of the car provides a driving force of 1000 N.
What is the power output of the engine?
A 0.25 W B 4.0 W C 100 W D 10 000 W
Theory Questions

9. A 75 W filament lamp in an office is accidentally left switched on for 63 hours when the office is closed.
(a) (i) Calculate the electrical energy that is supplied to this lamp in this time.

electrical energy = .............................................[3]

(ii) The efficiency of the lamp is 0.12 (12%).


Calculate the energy released by the lamp in the form of light.

light energy = .....................................[1]

(b) The power station that generates the electricity supplied to the office uses oil as its fuel.
Discuss one environmental consequence of using oil as a source of energy.
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..................................................................................................................................................................... [2]

10. A swing is made by tying rope loosely to the branch of a tree, as shown in Fig. 10.1.
A child swings backwards and forwards several times, starting at the highest point A.

Fig. 10.1

(a) Explain how another child can obtain an accurate measurement of the time for one complete swing.
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(b) When the child moves from A to B, she falls a vertical distance of 0.60 m. She loses 240 J of
gravitational potential energy. The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

(i) Calculate the mass of the child.

mass = .....................................[2]
(ii) Suggest two reasons why her kinetic energy at B is not equal to 240 J.
1. ....................................................................................................................................................................
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2. ...................................................................................................................................................................
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11. Fig. 11.1 shows a large container ship travelling at constant speed in a straight line.

Fig. 11.1

The resistive force acting on the ship is 2.8 × 106 N.


(a) The speed of the ship is 9.7 m/s.
(i) Calculate the work done against the resistive force on the ship in 1.0 s.

work done = .................................. [2]


(ii) The engines are powered by oil.
State the energy transfer that is taking place when the ship is travelling at constant speed.
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.................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The mass of the ship is 2.2 × 108 kg. The engines are switched off and the resistive force causes the ship
to decelerate. Calculate the initial deceleration of the ship.

deceleration = ................................................. [2]

(c) When the ship is travelling at a different speed, energy is being supplied to the engines at a rate
of 33 MJ / s. The efficiency of the engines is 0.36 (36%).

(i) State a relationship that defines efficiency.


.....................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Calculate the rate at which energy is wasted in the engines.

rate at which energy is wasted = .................................... [2]


12. Different energy sources are used to generate electricity.
(a)(i) Nuclear energy is described as a non-renewable source.
Explain what is meant by a non-renewable energy source.
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...............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Four of the energy sources used are:

hydroelectric oil geothermal wind

Write the name of these energy sources in the correct column of the table below.

(iii) State one way in which using nuclear energy is better for the environment than using oil.
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.................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(iv) State one way in which using nuclear energy is worse for the environment than using oil.
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(b) Fig. 12.1 is a block diagram of a power station that produces electrical energy from oil.

Fig. 12.1

(i) Write the name of the missing part of the power station in the empty box on Fig. 12.1. [1]
(ii) State the form of energy that the turbine possesses.
............................................................................................................................................... [1]

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