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CCTV

HEADQUARTERS

CONTENT
Project Details
Concept
Site Plan (Parking and Security)
Structures
Construction
Space Usage
Cores
Floor Plans
Basement
HVAC Systems/Substations
Fire Exit
Seismic Design Approach
Green building features
Inferences

‘Who says that structure should not be reinvented? . . Who says that reinventing
structure cannot be creative?’

Rem Koolhaas, from a discussion at Tsinghua University, 5 August 2003.


CCTV
HEADQUARTERS

Introduction
China Central Television (CCTV) had been expanding greatly, in competition with
major international television and news service providers, and early in 2002 it
organised an international design competition for a new headquarters. This was
won by the team of OMA (Office for Metropolitan Architecture) and Arup. The team
subsequently allied with the East China Design Institute (ECADI) to act as the
essential local design institute for both architecture and engineering.

Project Details
Architects - OMA, Rem Koolhaas,
Ole Scheeren
Location -Beijing, China
Project Year –2008
Height: Tower 1, 234m, Tower 2,
210m
Floors : 54 + 4 basement levels
Elevators: 75
Top Elevator speed : 7 m/s
Built-up Area: 4,73,000m2
Occupancy: Employ 10,000 people

The unusual brief, in television terms, was for all the functions of production,
management, and administration to be contained on the chosen site in the new
Beijing Central Business District, but not necessarily in one building.

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CCTV
HEADQUARTERS

In its architectural response, however, OMA decided that by doing just this, it
should be possible to break down the “ghettoes” that tend to form in a complex and
compartmentalised process like making television programmes, and create a
building whose layout in three dimensions would force all those involved to mix
and produce a better end-product more economically and efficiently.

concept

Koolhaas imagined a building whose three


dimensional form offer CCTV staff to
perform the functions within a
"continuous loop" referring to a closed
circuit television,and presented
the beginning of an engineering challenge.
The new building consists of two high L-
shaped towers, joined at the top and
bottom at an angle that forms a loop.

Designed by OMA as a reinvention of the skyscraper as a loop, the construction


of the building began in 2004, houses the headquarters of CCTV television
studios, offices and broadcast facilities and production.
This is the largest project of OMA and its first major building in China.

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SITE PLAN

Some of the parking on the periphery of the site and in the basement

Building Components
•CCTV Building (Headquarters & Broadcasting)
•TVCC Wing (Cultural Center, Performing Arts)
•Media Park (Social Gathering Place)
Service building ( parking, security facilities)
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TOWER 1 TOWER 2
•The highest tower 234 meters in 54 Tower 2 has a height of 210m in 44
plants, with a footprint of 40x60m, plants and a footprint of 40x52m,
2400m2.The main hall of 10,000 m2, in 2000m2.
Tower 1, is a three-story atrium •The smaller building houses the
underground and three above ground Cultural Center Television (CCTV ). This
level extends. has a hotel, a visitor center, a large
•It has a direct connection to the public theater and conference facilities
underground network ofBeijing, and is and exhibitions for 1500 seats.
the place of arrival and departure of the CANTILEVER PART
10,000 workers who come to the •Towers Lean at 6 degree angles and
headquarters of CCTV. “kink” at right angles at the top
•perform the primary function of the •Cantilever overhang starts after 36
build the administration, news, floors and is 13 floors high.
broadcasting, studios and production •The towers cantilever 75m outwards
areas.
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Construction Challenges
•A lot steel is used ? Weight Issues (instability) Beijing is an Earthquake
Prone Area (need seismic stability)
•Every building encounters vertical and lateral loads
•Temperature changes, material deformation
•Shallow subsoil conditions
•Shallow foundation not sufficient
•Pore Water present in great amounts
•High Settlement Risk
•Instability due form: The building form: the continuous loop, sloping
tower and cantilever overhang add the complexity of structure
•Instability due to weight: dead load caused by steel structure

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Development of Structural form

The forces at work within the structure are rendered visible on the facade: a
web triangulated steel tubes ( diagrids).
•With this way, become dense in areas of greater stress, looser and more open
space in areas.
•The self supporting hybrid facade structure features high performance glass
panels with a sun shading of open ceramic frit, creating the soft silver grey that
gives the building subtle presence.

A.Edge structure
B.12m*12m diagrid structure
C.Stress distribution structure
D.Combined structure

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CCTV
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Diagrid Framing System


• Short form of Diagonal Grid System
• Triangulated structure with diagonal
support beams
• Similar to a typical moment frame
• Triangles connected at Nodes and Rings
intersect the nodes
• Combines the benefits of a hollow tube
with a truss
• Loads follow diagonals, gravity and lateral
loads can be transferred by the system to the
ground

Load Transfer
Load transfer happens primarily through
diagrid
Internal Cores will transfer minimal amounts
of gravity loads
Floor Slabs do not have to transfer lateral
loads
Less internal columnsrequired = more space
Floor plates do not have to be of the same
shape on each floor
Continuous and Uninterrupted Load Transfer
Ringshelp to resist Buckling Loads
transforming whole system into one big tube

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Connections –Butterfly Plates


•Critical Members in the Structural System
•Must ensure a “strong joint-weak member”
system
•Must resist maximum probable load from braces
with minimum yielding and stress concentration
•Butterfly plates used to assist smooth
load transfer

Transfer Trusses
Transfer Trusses are used for the large open
space such as studios and facilities
Connecting internal core and exterior tube
structure horizontally
Connecting columns Vertically

External Structure System Diagrid Frame


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Foundation –Piled Raft


The bearing capacity of the subsoil around the
main towers of CCTV is not sufficient to support
the entire load from the superstructure while
remain within acceptable settlement limits. Piles
and a raft foundation are integrated to transfer a
large force affecting the building to the ground.

Piles are 1.2m diameter and 35m long


•Piled Raft is 7m thick and has a footprint
greater than the towers
•Tension piles used away from towers to
resist uplift pressures

Crane slewing process


Weld process for complex section.
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FLOOR PLANS

Lobbies on Ground & Top


Floors
-Recreation mainly on bottom
-Elevators in both towers
-Separate Lobby & Elevator for
VIPs
-Two Ground Floor Lobbies
-Continuous Loop through
Towers
-Studios mainly on the lower
Floors
Ground Floor Plan

15th Floor Plan 41st Floor Plan

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HEADQUARTERS
SPACE USAGE

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CCTV
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SPACE USAGE

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CCTV
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CORES

•Three main cores


accommodating elevators
•Cores remain vertical despite
Tower Slope (shifted against
floor plates)
•One core dedicated to
“Grandness” (Administrative),
the other to “Newness” (News &
Technology)
•Thin concrete cores inside the
building support internal floors.

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BASEMENT
Function of Basement
•Water Storage
•Air Exchange
•Electrical
Three story basement with retaining walls & with the help of
the piled raft resist the upward force of the water pressure
around the site.

Location of 10kV/400V substations

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Location of Air Plant/SUBSTATIONS

There are nine main air plantrooms, with several large


parallel linked air-handling plants serving large vertical
supply and exhaust risers in the central core
Each plantroom serves 10-20 floors, with supply riser
velocities starting at 15m/s and exhausting at 12m/s
A typical plant arrangement has six air-handling units
(AHUs) at 25m3/sec each.
As the air volume required decreases, the control system,
continuously calculating the total volume, isolates an AHU
and adjusts the fan speed of those remaining.

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CCTV
HEADQUARTERS
Emergency Scenarios

In the event of a fire or a major disaster (natural or man-made) that causes


major structural damage, the possible escape routes will take 51mins.

Street hydrants around the perimeter of all three buildings to protect


external areas and façades
 Internal fire hydrants and hosereels on the floors, positioned so that the jet
of two fire hydrants or hosereels can reach any point
Water cannon extinguishing systems in CCTV’s main entrance lobby and the
TVCC atrium, as their height exceeds the effective operating
height of the fast response type sprinkler system.
 Deluge systems for the CCTV studios and TVCC theatre stage,
water sprays for the diesel generator rooms
sprinklers in offices, hotel rooms, all general areas, corridors, and lobbies
Inergen (mixture of nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide) gas suppression
systems for ‘sensitive’ rooms

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CCTV
HEADQUARTERS
Seismic Design Approach
The performance objectives set out that:
When subjected to the design frequent earthquake (level 1) with an average
return period of 50 years the building shall not sustain structural damage.
Under the design intermediate earthquake (level 2)with an average return
period of 475 years the building may undergo repairable structural
damage.
When subjected to the design rare earthquake (level 3) with an average
return period of 2500 years, the building is permitted to sustain severe
structural damage but must not collapse.

Green Building Aspects

The incoming domestic main water source supplied the CCTV building
drinking water, before the water passing into main water storage in the
basement, it will treated with localized particle and UV filtration at each
zone.
Grey water system is installed
Outdoor air that entering the building will be go through two-stage
particulate filtration and carbon filtrationon all air plant to reduce
pollution.
To decrease the respiratory problems that cause by high humidity levels, a
minimum 40% level of internal humidity would be maintain in the building,
therefore to provide a better occupant comfort environment.
Building contain nine main air plantrooms to working on outside air intake
and exhaust air output
In order to improve the energy efficiency to maximum and reduce the
number of air system been operating to minimum, the total air volume will
be continuously calculating by the control system, as the air volume
decreases, the air-handling unit will be isolates and adjusts the fan speed
of those remaining, therefore to allowing unoccupied areas to shut down.

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CCTV
HEADQUARTERS
INFERENCES
Architecture looks at iconography rather than the race for height –
engineering creativity is better than height
•Many structural challenges to overcome in realizing the project –
Performance-based design needed
•Diagrid System, Butterfly Plates, Piled Raft Foundations, Load Transfer
Trusses all deemed good solutions
•Seismic and Wind Stability ensured through rigorous analysis
•Emergency Escape Routes are effective
•Other buildings on-site serve unique functions

REFERENCES
(1) http://oma.eu/projects/cctv-headquarters
(2) GREEN, G, et al. CCTV Headquarters, Beijing, China:
Services engineering design. The Arup Journal, 40(3), pp22-29,
3/2005.
(3) https://www.archdaily.com/236175/cctv-headquarters-oma
(4)www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/cctv-headquarters/1068

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