Lesson Plan

Lesson : Group 14 : Oxides

Aim :

To study the structure and chemical properties of the oxides of Group 14.

Learning Outcomes :

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

• describe the bonding and acid-base nature of the oxides of Group 14 elements

• describe the relative stabilities of the oxides of Group 14 elements and their aqueous
cations.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already be familiar with:

1. the types of bonding: ionic and covalent

2. the concept of acidic and amphoteric oxides

3. the electronic configuration of Sn and Pb.

Underlying Principles

1. Making the invisible, visible.

2. Enabling students to know what to look for.

Differentiation

Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity.
The pop-up answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their
responses. Worksheet questions include questions that require recall, understanding and
application of the new concepts learned.

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 1 of 3

Development of Lesson :

No. Steps Strategy Resources

1 Set Induction.
(Ascertaining prior • Teacher to get students to recall the
knowledge and definitions of acidic and amphoteric
introducing lesson oxides.
topic for the day). • Teacher to point out lesson objectives for
the day.

2 Student Activity Teacher to go through Activities 1 - 3 with • Courseware

the students.

Activity 1 : Bonding and acid-base

nature

Students get to find out the type of

bonding present in the oxides of the
Group 14 elements as well as their
acid-base nature.

Activity 2 : Stability of oxides

Students get to compare the thermal

stabilities of the monoxides and dioxides
of the Group 14 elements.

Activity 3 : Stability of aqueous cations

Students get to compare the stability of

the aqueous cations of the Group 14
elements.

3 Evaluation • Students to answer questions in the • Worksheet

student worksheet on their own.

4 Extension activity • Students to read up reference materials • References

on their own.

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 3

Worksheet Answers

1. Bonding and acid-base nature

1.1 a. Oxidation state of carbon in CO: +2

Oxidation state of carbon in CO2: +4
− +• •• ••
b. •C O• O C O
• •• ••
Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide

c. CO : neutral
CO2 : acidic

d. When CO is heated, it is oxidised to CO2.

2CO + O2 2CO2

1.2 CO2 exists as simple covalent molecules with weak van der Waals forces between
the molecules. SiO2 has a giant covalent structure with strong covalent bonds.

1.3 SiO2 is an acidic oxide. It reacts with alkalis.

SiO2(s) + 2OH−(aq) SiO32−(aq) + H2O(l)

2. Stability of oxides

2.1 The enthalpy of formation of CO2 is more exothermic than CO. CO2 is more
stable than CO because the +IV oxidation state is more stable than
− the +II
oxidation state.

2.2 a. Lead(II) oxide forms a mixed oxide, Pb3O4.

6PbO(s) + O2(g) 2Pb3O4(s)

b. Nitric acid may be used because lead(II) nitrate is soluble. Sulphuric acid
forms insoluble lead(II) sulphate and hydrochloric acid forms insoluble lead(II)
chloride which will stop the reaction.

PbO(s) + 2HNO3(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)

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