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Metric_1801-1886 3/1/06 10:29 Page 1802

’Technical Data» Quantifiers, Unit Symbols, Chemical Symbols and Symbols of Elements ’Technical Data»

Calculation of Cubic Volume and Weight/Physical Properties of Materials Calculation of Area, Center of Gravity and Geometrical Moment of Inertia
IGreek Symbols IName of Elements and Atomic Symbols
Uppercase Lowercase Atomic Name Symbol Atomic Name Symbol
Pronunciation Conventional Usage
Z=I/e Z=I/e
Number Number
1
Cross Section A e I Cross Section A e I
Α α alpha Angle, Coefficient Hydrogen H 53 Iodine I
Β β beta Angle, Coefficient 2 Helium He 54 Xenon Xe
Γ γ gamma Angle, Weight Per Unit Area, 3 Lithium Li 55 Cesium Cs
Relationship (Uppercase) 4 Beryllium Be 56 Barium Ba

a
∆ δ delta Small Change, Density, Displacement 5 Boron B 57 Lanthanum La 3 2

h
Ε ε epsilon Small Amount, Distortion 6 Carbon C 58 Cerium Ce h bh bh Q 3 Q 2
bh Qab a ba =0.7854 ba 3 ba =0.7854 ba 2

e
Ζ ζ zeta Variable 7 Nitrogen N 59 Praseodymium Pr 2 12 6 4 4
Η η eta Variable 8 Oxygen O 60 Neodymium Nd
Θ θ theta Angle, Temperature, Time 9 Fluorine F 61 Promethium Pm b
b
Ι ι iota 10 Neon Ne 62 Samarium Sm
Κ κ kappa Radius of Gyration 11 Sodium Na 63 Europium Eu
Λ λ lambda Wavelength, Characteristic Value 12 Magnesium Mg 64 Gadolinium Gd
Μ µ mu Friction Coefficient 13 Aluminum Al 65 Terbium Tb e1
Q 8 4

e2
10-6 (Micro) 14 Silicon Si 66 Dysproium Dy =0.4244 r
h4 h3 - r Z 1 =0.2587 r
3

r
Ν ν nu Frequency 15 Phosphorous P 67 Holmium Ho 2 h Q 2 8 9Q
h r e2

e
16 2 12 6 3
Ξ ξ xi Variable Sulfur S 68 Erbium Er 2 Z 2 =0.1908 r
2r =0.1098 r
4

e1
Ο ο omicron 17 Chlorine Cl 69 Thulium Tm =0.5756 r
Π π pi Circle Ratio Q(3.14159E), 18 Argon Ar 70 Ytterbium Yb h
Angle 19 Potassium K 71 Lutetium Lu
Symbol of Product (Uppercase) 20 Calcium Ca 72 Hafnium Hf
Ρ ρ rho Radius, Density 21 Scandium Sc 73 Tantalum Ta
Σ σ sigma Stress, Standard Deviation, 22 Titanium Ti 74 Tungsten W e1

e2
Summation (Uppercase) 23 Vanadium V 75 Rhenium Re =0.4244 r 3
h4 2 3 Z 1 =0.1296 r

r
24 Os 2 h 3
0.1179 h = Q 2
Τ τ tau Time constant, Time, Torque Chromium Cr 76 Osmium h 2 h 0.055 r
4
υ upsilon 25 Manganese Mn 77 Iridium Ir 2 12 12 r e2 Z 2 =0.0956 r
3
4
26 =0.5756 r

h
Φ φ, ϕ phi Angle, Function, Diameter Iron Fe 78 Platinum Pt

e1
27 Co Au
r
Χ χ chi Cobalt 79 Gold
Ψ ψ psi Angle, Function 28 Nickel Ni 80 Mercury Hg
Ω ω omega Angular Velocity:2Qf 29 Brass Cu 81 Thallium Tl
Ohm:Unit of Electric Resistance (Uppercase) 30 Zinc Zn 82 Lead Pb b
31 Gallium Ga 83 Bismuth Bi
Remark:Unless otherwise specified, lowercase letters are the norm. 32 Germanium Ge 84 Polonium Po

e
3 2

h
33 Arsenic As 85 Astatine At bh 2 bh bh H b 3 3 b 3 3
b(H-h) (H -h ) (H -h )

e
h 24
ICharacteristics of Metals 34 Selenium Se 86 Radon Rn 2 3 36 2 12 6H

H
h
35 Bromine Br 87 Francium Fr
Thermal Expansion Coefficient YoungV
s Modulus 36 Krypton Kr 88 Radium Ra b
Material Specific Gravity 37 Rubidium Rb 89 Actinium Ac
M10-6/A {Kgf/mm 2 } 38 Strontium Sr 90 Thorium Th
Mild steel 7.85 11.7 21000 39 Yttrium Y 91 Protactinium Pa b
40 Zirconium Zr 92 Uranium U
NAK80 7.8 12.5 20500

e
41 Niobium Nb 93 Neptunium Np 2 2 2 4 4 4 4
6 b +6 bb 1+ b 1 3 6 b2 +6 bb 1+ b 1 2 A -a 1 A -a

A
1 3 b+ 2 b1

a
SKD11 7.85 11.7 21000 42 Molybdenum Mo 94 Plutonium Pu h A -a
2 2 A
b+b1 ) M h h

e
(2 h

h
43 Technetium Tc 95 Americium Am 2 3 2 b+b 1 36(2 b +b 1) 12(3 b+2 b1) 2 12 6 A
SKD61 7.75 10.8 21000 b1 b1
44 Ruthenium R 96 Curium Cm
M2 Tool Steel 8.2 10.1 22300 45 Rhodium Rh 97 Berkelium Bk
A
2 b 2
Carbide V30 14.1 6.0 56000 46 Palladium Pd 98 Californium Cf
47 Silver Ag 99 Einsteinium Es
Carbide V40 13.9 6.0 54000 48 Cadmium Cd 100 Fermium Fm

a
4 4
Cast Iron 7.3 9.2~11.8 7500~10500 49 Indium In 101 Mendelevium Md A -a

e
50 Tin Sn 102 Nobelium No 2
3 A A -a
4 4 12 A
304 Stainless Steel 8.0 17.3 19700 51 Antimony Sb 103 Lawrencium Lr 5 3 2 2
r =0.866 r A -a 2
8r

e
4 4
440C Stainless Steel 7.78 10.2 20400 52 Tellurium T 4 2 12 0.1179( A -a )
=

A
Oxygen Free Copper C1020 r A
8.9 17.6 11700 3 3
Remark: This table is based on Appendix A (Names and Symbols of Elements) of ISO 2
6/4 Brass C2801 8.4 20.8 10300 r 5 34
31/8-1980 (Amounts and Units of Physical Chemistry and Molecular Physics) 2 r =0.5413 r 4
16
Beryllium Copper C1720 8.3 17.1 13000 and Appendix C (Names and Symbols of Radionuclides) of ISO 31/9-1980
= 2.598 r
2 r
Aluminum A1100 2.7 23.6 6900 (Amounts and Units of Atomic Physics and Nuclear Physics). Q 4 4 Q d 42- d 1
4
( d -d )

R e
e
64 2 1

d1
Duralumin 7075 Aluminum 2.8 23.6 7200 5 33 Q 2 2 d2 32 d 2
16 = 0.5413r 4 d 2- d 1
r 3 ( )

r
r
Titanium 4.5 8.4 10600 2 Q 4 4 Q R 4 -r 4
= ( R -r ) = M
d2 4 4 R
IHow to Calculate the Volume
Solid Volume V Solid Volume V Solid Volume V Solid Volume V d
Turncated Cylinder Oval Ring Spherical Segment Spherical Belt 1+2 2 4 2
r Qd
d

6 2 a 1 4 3Q 4 1 4 3Q 4
V= Q
2 3

e
V= 2 Qr 2 h
b 2.828 r 0.924 r 2 0.6906r a - a- d a- d

r
e
2
4 d h 4 2 6a 16

a
3 12 16
a 2+b 2
V= Q d 2 V= Q6h(3a 2 +3b 2 +h 2 )
2
h
b

4
=0.6381 r
h2

4 2
=Q 2 h 1+h 2
h

h
h1

4d a
r

2 a =2.0944r 2 h
d a
a

b
2
2
1 3Q 4 1 3Q 4

d
h h V=2Q2 Rr 2 When the circumferance makes a a d d
Pyramid V= 3 A= 6 arn Cross Cylinder Torus Barrel b= 2 b ( h-d ) 12 16 6 h 16
curve equal to the circular arc, 2 h
1+ 2

e
4 3
0.8284 a 0.0547 a 0.1095a 3 3
+b ( h -d ) 3 3
+b ( h -d )
A=Area of base R =19.739Rr 2 Q 2 2
V= Q r 2 2

h
, d
,

+
V= Q 12 (2D +d )
d

e
= 0.4142 a 3
r

2 3
r =Radius of inscribed circle 4 d (R+R - 3 ) +b ( h -d ) +b ( h -d )
R

4
d

=Q
d

2
h

b
b
d

2
a =Length of a side of a regular polygon 4 Dd When the circumferance makes a b

2
2
R D r curve equal to a parabolic line,
a n =Number of the sides of =2.4674Dd 2 V=0.209r(2D 2 Dd+1/4d 2 )
a regular polygon

d1
Qd 4 Qr 4 Qd 3 Qr 3 1 3Q 4 4 1 3Q 4 4

r
= = ( d -d ) ( d -d )
IHow to Calculate the Weight 2 b ( h-d )+

d
Spherical Crown Qh 2 Hollow Cylinder Circular Cone 12 16 1
V= Q
V= 3 (3r-h) Qd 2 d 64 4 32 4 h 6h 16 1
4 h(D -d )
2 2

e
Qr 2 = =0.0491d 4 =0.0982d 3 3
V= Q r 2 h
3 3
Q 2 +b ( h -d 31 ) +b ( h -d 1 )

e
Weight W[g]=Volume[cm3]MSpecific Gravity 4 2 2

h
3 =0.05 d 4 =0.1 d 3 2
(d - d ) 3
= Q6h(3a 2 +h 2 )
3
t =0.7854r 3 4 1 +b ( h-d 1 ) +b ( h-d 1 )
r

=0.7854 r 4
h

d
h

=Qth(D-t) d
h

Ex.:Mild Steel
a r =1.0472r 2 h
D =Qth(d+t)
a is the radius. FD=16 and L=50mm, the weight is: r A:Sectional Area
e1 0.0075 r4 e:Distance of Center of Gravity
4 Q 2 Q
V= 3 Qabc r 2 1- 4 =0.2234 r
L

Ellipsoid Turncated Pyramid Sphere D MLMSpecific Gravity e2


e2 e1

W=
4 0.0075r 4
l:Geometrical Moment of Inertia
V= h3(A+a+ Aa)
B
V= 4 Qr 3 =4.1888r 3
e2 =0.00966r 3 Z=l/e:Section Modulus

r
r

3 90 =0.2146r 2
In case of a Q =0.7766 r =0.01r 3
spheroid(b=c) = 4 M1.6 2 M5M7.85
h

A,a=area of both ends


d =Q
6 d =0.5236d
3 3 FD
b

a c 4 =79[g]
V= 3 Qab 2

1803 1804

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