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ISSN 2219-7184; Copyright
ICSRS
c Publication, 2015
www.i-csrs.org
Available free online at http://www.geman.in
1,2
Institute for Numerical Computation and Analysis
Suite 6, 5 Clarinda Park North, Dún Laoghaire
Dublin, Ireland
2
E-mail: gotham1961@gmail.com
Abstract
This technical note presents the derivation of an integral function credited
to Goldstein [2] in 1932 and recently employed in the authors’ previous work [1]
in Archive of Applied Mechanics. The particular form of this improper integral
is developed using techniques involving contour integration and the calculus of
residues.
Keywords: Bingham Number, Slip Flow, Inversion Theorem, Laplace
Transform.
1 Introduction
The problem of axially-symmetric slip flow generated by an infinite cylinder
undergoing impulsive motion was recently investigated by Crane and McVeigh
[1]. In accounting for momentum slip close to the cylinder wall, they obtained
the non-dimensional shear stress analytically in terms of the Bingham number,
Bn, in the cases where the cylinder moved under both uniform velocity and
acceleration. In denoting the non-dimensional variables of axial velocity, cylin-
der radius and time by U , R and T , respectively, they presented the unsteady
Navier Stokes momentum equation as follows:
∂U 1 ∂ ∂U
= R (1)
∂T R ∂R ∂R
30 L.J. Crane et al.
Now, investigating radiating heat flow from an infinite region of constant ini-
tial temperature and bounded internally by a circular cylinder, Goldstein [2],
derived the transform:
√
1 K0 ( p)
Ψ̄(p) = 1+ √ 0 √ √ (4)
p µ̂ pK0 ( p) − K0 ( p)
where K0 denotes the modified Bessel function of the second kind of order 0,
and in the work herein, Crane and McVeigh [1] specify µ̂ = 2λ. The associated
inverse is thus:
Z ∞
exp(−b2 T )
4 1
Ψ(T ) = db (5)
µ̂π 2 0 b (bJ1 + J0 /µ̂)2 + (bY1 + Y0 /µ̂)2
where J0 and J1 are cylindrical Bessel functions of the first kind of order 0 and
1, respectively and where Y0 and Y1 denote the cylindrical Bessel functions of
the first kind having order 0 and 1. Accordingly, Crane and McVeigh [1], give:
2
Bn = Ψ(T ) (uniform velocity) (6)
λ
and Z T
2
Bn = Ψ(T )dT (uniform acceleration) (7)
Tλ 0
2 Derivation
From (4), the complex inversion integral is:
Z γ+i∞ " √ #
1 1 K0 p
Ψ(T ) = 1+ √ 0 √ √ exp(pt)dp, t > 0 (8)
2πi γ−i∞ p µ̂ pK0 p − K0 p
The Derivation of a Goldstein Formula 31
iy
D γ+i∞
B
R
ε
^
● p=γ
E H
^
x
^
L K J
N A
γ-i∞
1.pdf
the line AB (p = γ + iy), the arcs BDE and LN A of a circle of radius R and
centre at (0, 0), and the arc HJK of a circle of radius, , with centre at (0, 0).
Set
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Ψ(T ) = + + + + + (9)
AB BDE EH HJK KL LN A
and since the only singularity, p = 0, of the integrand is not inside the con-
tour, the integral on the left is zero by Cauchy’s theorem. Further, it is readily
shown that, as R tends to infinity, the integrals along BDE and LN A vanish
in the limit. Along the inner circle, HJK, where p = exp(iθ), then, on taking
the limit as becomes vanishingly small:
Z Z −π
K0 (0)
Ψ(T ) = =i 1− dθ = 0 (10)
HJK π K0 (0)
32 L.J. Crane et al.
and so, Z Z Z
=− − (11)
AB EH KL
Along the path, EH, where p = xexp(iπ) = −x:
√
exp(−b2 t)
Z Z
1 K0 (ib)
= √
1+ db (12)
EH iπ R b iµ̂bK00 (ib) − K0 (ib)
Denoting the real and imaginary parts of the integrand in (14) by Re(A) and
Im(A), respectively; likewise, for KL in (15) respectively by Re(B) and Im(B),
so that (11) can be written:
Z Z
Ψ(T ) = − −
EH KL
∞ ∞
exp(−b2 t) exp(−b2 t)
Z Z
1 1
= [Re(A) + Im(A)] db − [Re(B) + Im(B)] db
iπ 0 b iπ 0 b
(16)
The Derivation of a Goldstein Formula 33
and so, from (14) and (15), Re(A)=Re(B) and Im(A)=-Im(B); hence:
2 ∞ exp(−b2 t)
Z
Ψ(T ) = Im(A)db (17)
iπ 0 b
where
iµ̂b (J1 Y0 − J0 Y1 )
Im(A) = (18)
2µ̂b (Y0 Y1 + J0 J1 ) + µ̂2 b2 (J12 + Y12 ) + J02 + Y02
Introducing the identities:
∞
exp(−b2 t)
Z
4µ̂ db
Ψ(T ) = 2
π 0 b 2µ̂b (Y0 Y1 + J0 J1 ) + µ̂2 b2 (J12 + Y12 ) + J02 + Y02
(19)
and finally, following some algebra, Goldstein’s result (5) is recovered; namely:
∞
exp(−b2 t)
Z
4 1
Ψ(T ) = db (20)
µ̂π 2 0 b (bJ1 + J0 /µ̂)2 + (bY1 + Y0 /µ̂)2
References
[1] L.J. Crane and A.G. McVeigh, Slip flow along an impulsively started
cylinder, Arch. Appl. Mech., 85(2015), 831-836.