Hospital Research

PLATE 300– OSPITAL NG MALOLOS
AR 351/353D: Architectural Design V, A.Y 2017-2018
I. INTRODUCTION
No other towns in the Philippines can be linked to the great patriots and heroes in the
country's history more than Malolos—capital of the short-lived Philippine Republic. Such name as
General Emilio Aguinaldo, Pedro A. Paterno, Dr. Jose P. Rizal and the del Pilars- Marcelo, Pio, and
Gregorio, Apolinario Mabini, Antonio Luna, Felipe Calderon, and a host of others are forever
engraved in the annals of Philippine History.
The name of Malolos was presumably derived from the Tagalog word "Paluslos", meaning
"downwards". The name resulted from a misunderstanding among the first Spanish missionaries
who reached the place. Searching for inhabited places along the Calumpit River, these priests came
upon some natives of a riverside barrio (now Kanalate). They asked for the name of the place. The
natives, not knowing the Spanish tongue, answered that the flow of the river in that part was
downstream -"paluslos"-, which the Spaniards pronounced "Malolos". Corruption of the word
through the years led to present "Malolos".
The town originated from a small settlement started by the Spanish missionaries. Later, after
clearing forests and virgin lands, the settlement grew, and the population increased. After the
construction of a big church, the place was made into a town. From the very beginning, Tagalog
made up the majority of the Malolos populace. They were led by prominent families, among them
the Gatsalians (Gatchalian), and the Manahans.
To cite all the historical events that transpired in Malolos, one could very well fill a good-
sized book. The major events especially those that revolved around the first Republic, cannot be
left unmentioned.
CASTRO-MENDIOLA-MENDOZA Bachelor of Science in Architecture – 3b
Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor
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The wealth of Malolos lies not only in its more than four thousand hectares of fertile rice
lands and more than two thousand hectares of fishponds, but in the character of its people as well.
Its people have long been known for their diligence and ingenuity. In early days, farming and
fishing took up most of the poultry, farming, pigeon rising, carpentry and woodwork, and other
profitable cottage industries and handicrafts. A major factor in Malolos growth and development
was the opening of the Manila-Dagupan railways in 1892. With the advent of the railroad came
new ideas from Manila and other places. Another factor is Malolos proximity to industrial and
business centers. Only 42 kilometers off from Manila, the town and its people are inevitably
subjected to an influx of metropolitan thoughts.
In work methods and tools, it is strange to find Malolos folk using a combination of the old
and the new Ramshackle hops tremble to the whirl of modern electric-powered machines.
Fishermen go out to the sea in the same dugouts their grandfathers used. Some of them have
outboard motors. And handicraftsmen, woodworkers and weavers still follow the ageless
techniques of their forefathers.
II. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Our geographical location and growing population are still the top and perennial reasons
why developing the Philippine health care system remains a challenge, said the Department of
Health (DoH) and several United Kingdom-based pharmaceuticals executives in a recent dialogue.
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The World Health Organization recommends that there should be 20 beds in a hospital per
10,000 people. The current population of the Philippines is over 100 million. Beds, among our
many needs, are usually insufficient. According to the 2008 DoH report “The Philippine Health
System at a Glance” available on its website, almost all regions have insufficient beds relative to
population. The sufficiency of beds is one indicator of a good (or a failing) health care system.
Private hospitals continued to do brisk business catering to the country’s elite but became
more and more unaffordable to the shrinking middle class. Medical health insurance for the
regularly employed through the old Medicare covered only a small portion of hospitalization costs
such that out-of-pocket expenses ballooned uncontrollably.
Hospitals serve as the locus of health care delivery in the Philippines. With 1,800 hospitals and
over 87,000 beds, most households go directly to hospitals for treatment of illnesses. It is an
integral part of social and medical organization that function to provide a complete health care to
the people.
In the country, some places do not have enough medical facility to cater ordinary citizens
because of the growing population and the in accessibility of these area. Some hospitals need
proper ventilation and circulation for the users. Health facility like hospitals should be proportional
to the growing population of the town to support the medical and surgical treatment needed of the
people. The town should be able to provide enough medical needs of its residents.
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This allows patients to receive care through a network when they travel, or to visit facilities
with different services when their home hospitals do not meet their specific needs. At a private
hospital, people have access to the same kinds of treatments they can get at a public facility, and
sometimes may be able to get services not widely available to the general public.
III. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
As Architecture students, the significance of the study is to help the municipality of
Malolos, Bulacan in developing a private medical facility.
The proponent wants to implement a more effective and healing design that can make the
patients recover faster. This study will help make a secure and comfortable environment for the
users.
IV. DESIGN OBJECTIVES
 To promote a healing design of hospital that can be helpful to make the patients recover faster.
 To promote architectural solutions to improve the existing condition of hospitals nowadays.
 To enhance the capability of the hospital to adapt and handle the users.
 To propose a design that will ensure the safety and health of its environment.
 To provide a healing environment for the users especially patients to make them appreciate
nature while they are inside the hospital.
V. SPACE REQUIREMENTS
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a. Administrative Department
i. Office of the Hospital Chief -
ii. Administrative/Staff Office – Office that mat coordinate international or regional
activities; Administrative offices are frequently located in a country other than a
firm’s home country, usually to take advantage of the favorable tax rates.
iii. Business/Finance Office - develops and maintains financial and related services,
including budgeting, accounting and reporting procedures and systems that support
the educational goals and objectives of the institution.
iv. Conference Room - room provided for singular events such as business
conferences and meetings. It is commonly found at large hotels and convention
centers though many other establishments, including even hospitals, have one.
v. Auditing Office - an office audit is to make sure the taxpayer is accurately reporting
income and paying the lawful amount of tax.
vi. Medical Records - are provided as a courtesy to healthcare providers for the
continuity of clinical care for the patient. Patients are entitled to one free copy of
their medical record, upon receipt of an appropriate request, for: The patient or
patient’s medical representative.
vii. Social Services Office -
viii. Rest Rooms (Male & Female) - a bathroom in a public building.
ix. PWD Rest Room(s) – toilet for disabled persons.
b. Emergency Department - also known as an accident & emergency
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department (A&E), emergency room (ER), emergency ward (EW) or casualty department,
is a medical treatment facility specializing in emergency medicine, the acute care of
patients who present without prior appointment.
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i. Nurse Station - an area of a health care facility (such as a hospital ward
or nursing home), which nurses and other health care staff work behind
when not working directly with patients and where they can perform some
of their duties.
ii. Treatment Area – where most of the work of the hospital happens
iii. Observation Area - an area where patients are being observed by doctors.
iv. Doctors’ Area - is a medical facility in which one or more medical doctors,
usually general practitioners (GP), receive and treat patients.
v. Stretchers’ Nook -
vi. Waiting Area - is a building, or more commonly a part of a building or a
room, where people sit or stand until the event or appointment which they
are waiting for begins.
vii. Patients’ Toilet – a toilet specially made for patients that are usually guided
by nurses.
viii. Staff Rest Rooms – rest rooms that only staffs of the hospital can use
ix. Storage - space available for storing something
c. Out-Patient Department - is the part of a hospital designed for the treatment
of outpatients, people with health problems who visit the hospital for diagnosis or
treatment, but do not at this time require a bed or to be admitted for overnight care.
i. Waiting Area - is a building, or more commonly a part of a building or a
room, where people sit or stand until the event or appointment which they
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are waiting for begins.
ii. Nurse Station/Information - is an area of a health care facility (such as a
hospital ward or nursing home), which nurses and other health care staff
work behind when not working directly with patients and where they can
perform some of their duties.
iii. OPD Records Room – it is where private records of the outpatients are kept.
iv. Pediatrics Clinic - medical care of infants, children, and adolescents from
birth up to the age of 18.
v. Surgical Clinic – it is where most of the surgeries for the patients are made.
vi. OB/GYN Clinic - provides medical and surgical care to women and has
particular expertise in pregnancy, childbirth, and disorders of the
reproductive system.
vii. Dental Clinic – a clinic that specializes on dental care and dental problems.
viii. Staff Rest Rooms - rest rooms that only staffs of the hospital can use
ix. Rest Rooms (Male & Female) - a bathroom in a public building.
x. PWD Rest Room(s) - toilet for disabled persons.
d. Radiology Department - specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and injury
through the use of medical imaging techniques such as x-rays, computed
tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, positron
emission tomography (PET), fusion imaging, and ultrasound.
i. X-Ray Room - used for taking standard x-rays such as back, neck, chest,
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limb, hand or foot. The patient may be lying down or standing during the
procedure.
ii. Control Booth -is the area designated for the operation of technical
equipment.
iii. Dark Room- a room in a hospital or similar facility for the storage and
processing of light – sensitive materials, such as x-ray film.
iv. Office with Reading Area- an office usually made for reading and meeting
purposes.
v. Film File Storage – it is a space where x-ray films are stored.
e. Pharmacy
i. Drug Store- a store that contains a pharmacy and also sells products such as
toiletries, cosmetics, household goods and snacks.
ii. Drug Preparation Room - area where the medicine is prepared
iii. Storage- space available for storing something
f. Laboratory - a place equipped for making tests or doing experimental work
g. Surgical/Maternity Department - are hospital devices used to store tools that are
necessary for aid during procedures that require administration of anesthesia
i. Surgical Supervision Counter
1. Sterile Instrument & Supply Storage

2. Clean-up/Sterilizing Area – a space specially meant for cleaning
and sterilizing hospital equipment.

3. Anesthesiologist’s Office- a working area for the Anesthesiologist.
4. Anesthesia Storage – a secured space of the hospital where in
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anesthesia are kept
ii. Male Doctors’ Toilet & Lockers – a hospital space specially made for male
doctors only.
iii. Female Doctors’ Toilet & Lockers– a hospital space specially made for
female doctors only.
iv. Nurses’ Toilet & Lockers– a hospital space specially made for nurses only.
v. Recovery Room - The recovery room, also called a post-anesthesia care unit
(PACU), is a space a patient is taken to after surgery to safely regain
consciousness from anesthesia and receive appropriate post-operative care.
vi. Labor Room(s) with Toilet -
room that is utilized for labor and delivery. It is decorated in a homelike, co
mfortable fashion andcontains a specially equipped bed that can be adjusted
for delivery. Specialized equipment is often concealed.
vii. Delivery Room -a birthing room or suite so equipped that a patient can
remain in the same room throughout the birthing experience.
viii. Scrub-up – a operative area where surgeons and surgical teams use
disposable sterile brushes and bactericidal soaps to wash and scrub their
fingernails, bands, and forearms before performing or assisting in surgical
operations. Scrub rooms and meticulous washing techniques improve the
sterile environment of the operating room and reduce the risk of bacterial
infection.
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ix. Operating Room- a place in a building enclosed and set apart for occupancy
or for the performance of certain procedures.
x. Sub-Sterilizing - are located between one or more operating suites. These
rooms typically contain a refrigerator for small tissue grafts, medications,
and solutions. A blanket warmer and utility sink are usually found here also.
The sub sterile room contains an autoclave for sterilizing unwrapped
instruments and equipment. Some also contain a washer-sterilizer.
xi. Soiled Utility Room - A soiled utility room (or sluice room) is a
necessity for every licensed elderly care facility and hospital.
Reducing the risk of infection can mean major cost savings for any
healthcare facility or hospital.
xii. Nursery Work Area – serves at the office of the nurses
xiii. Nursery with Work Counter – a place for kids to stay.
xiv. Pathologic Nursery with Work Counter- a place for kids that needs to be
confined to prevent bacteria from spreading.
xv. Breastfeeding Room - Lactation room is an American term for a private
space where a breastfeeding woman can use a breast pump in private.
h. Central Sterilizing Supply Unit – a space where sterilizers and sterilizing formulas
are kept and stored for safety.
i. Nursing Wards
i. Nurse Station - an area of a health care facility (such as a hospital
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ward or nursing home), which nurses and other health care staff work
behind when not working directly with patients and where they can perform
some of their duties.
ii. Nurse Counter - a counter that can be approached by visitors and patients
who wish to receive attention from nurses

iii. Linen/Utility Room - stored behind the table, materials for which access is
limited to health care staff, such as patient files, medicines, and certain
types of equipment
iv. Soiled Linen Utility Room - - room where linen is cleaned to minimize the
risk of infection transmission in clinical areas that generate soiled
equipment, soiled linen and waste.

v. Nurse Office – an office that are used by nurses.
vi. Treatment Room - a room in a patient care unit, usually in a hospital, in
which various treatments or procedures requiring special equipmentare
performed, such as removing sutures, draining a hematoma, packing a
wound, or performing an examination.
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j. Wards - a large room in a hospital for the accommodation of several patients
i. Public Ward with Toilets - a separate room in a hospital where patients are
confined together.
ii. Four (4)-Bed Wards with Toilets – a separate room in a hospital which four beds
are provided.
iii. Two (2)-Bed Wards with Toilets - a separate room in a hospital which two beds
are provided.
iv. Single-Bed Wards with Toilets - a separate room in a hospital, typically one
allocated to a particular type of patient.
v. Isolation Room with Toilets – a secured area which helps prevent airborne
diseases.
vi. Intensive Care Units - is a unit in the hospital where seriously ill patients are
cared for by specially trained staff.
k. Dietary Department - are responsible for providing meals and nutritional care and
counselling to the patient
i. Receiving/Delivery Dock - is an area of a building where goods vehicles are
loaded and unloaded.
ii. Dry Storage – the storage of the products which do not require a climate
controlled environment. Items placed in dry storage generally have a long shelf

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life.
iii. Cold Storage - is referred as refrigerated storage.
iv. Dietician’s Office with Toilet – office of the dietician
v. Kitchen - a room or area where food is prepared and cooked.
vi. Food Preparation Area - used for food preparation, cooking and learning the
different aspects of food, preparation and healthy choices when it comes to food.
vii. Tray Preparation – a place where food trays are kept at cleaned.
viii. Dish/Pot Washing – an area where most of the dish washing are done.
ix. Waste Holding Area (Outside) – an area outside where garbage are placed and
collected.
x. Male Staff Toilet/Lockers – a rest room and locker area that are only accessible by
male staffs of the hospital.
xi. Female Staff Toilet/Lockers - a rest room and locker area that are only accessible
by female staffs of the hospital.
l. Central Supply Storage and Office – main storage and office of the hospital.They are
usually big in area.
m. Laundry Linen Department - receives all the linen material from different areas like ward,
OT, OPD, and office area where they undergo process of sorting, washing, extracting,
drying, ironing, folding, mending and delivery.

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i. Dirty Linen Sorting Area – it where dirty linen of the hospital are kept.
ii. Washing Area - spacious laundry room allows wet garments to dry without
making a mess.
iii. Drying Area/Room – an area where fabrics are dried.
iv. Ironing/Folding Area – an area where bed sheets/covers, blankets, and clothes are
ironed and prepared.
v. Outdoor Drying Area - spacious laundry area that allows wet garments
to dry without making a mess.
vi. Office - a room, set of rooms, or building used as a place for commercial,
professional, or bureaucratic work.
vii. Storage- space available for storing something
viii. Male Staff Toilet/Lockers– a rest room and locker area that are only accessible by
male staffs of the hospital.
ix. Female Staff Toilet/Lockers- a rest room and locker area that are only accessible
by female staffs of the hospital.
n. Morgue -space available for storing something
o. Electrical/Generator Room - is a room or space in a building dedicated
to electrical equipment. The size of the electrical room is usually proportional to the size
of the building.

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p. Maintenance Department - is responsible for the proper operations of the various campus
buildings and their mechanical subsystems.
i. Office- a room, set of rooms, or building used as a place for commercial,
professional, or bureaucratic work.
ii. Carpentry Workshop – a workshop where woodworks are done.
iii. Mechanical Workshop – an area where operation of various processes involved in
manufacturing and production.
iv. Storage- space available for storing something
v. Motor Pool - a group of vehicles used for a particular purpose and dispatched
when needed.
vi. Staff Quarters - traditionally in a private house, which contain the domestic
offices and staff accommodation.
vii. Toilets/Lockers -a fixed receptacle into which a person may urinate or defecate,
typically consisting of a large bowl connected to a system for flushing away the
waste into a sewer or septic tank.
viii. Housekeeping Office – and office of the housekeepers of the hospital.
q. Central Waste Storage/MRF- is a specialized plant that receives, separates and prepares
recyclable materials for sale to end-user manufacturers. It is important that
the materials which come out of the MRF are clean, properly sorted and relatively free of

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impurities.
r. Waste Treatment - an area that makes water more acceptable for a specific end-use. The
end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water
recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.
s. Sewage Treatment Plant –a place where removing contaminants from wastewater,
primarily from household sewage are done.
VI. DESIGN STRATEGIES

D.1. Design Considerations:
i. Aesthetics
ii. Green Architecture: Several green technologies will be used in designing the
building to encourage sustainability upon government buildings.

iii. Landscaping Design and Natural Ventilation: The arrangement of foliage,
likewise, helps in the part of passive cooling in the City Hall. Retaining the trees’
original locations makes the structure’s surrounding more natural and ecological.
iv. Circulation: The clustering of spaces and offices helps the users to circulate and
roam around the building. Pathway surfaces are also designed in for both people
with disabilities and normal users.

v. Sustainable building design environment -friendly designs include, for example,
designing rooms, facilities and amenities to maximize the natural ventilation from
the prevailing coastal winds. External screens can be fitted and used to shade

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windows from direct sunlight. Ceilings can be well insulated to minimize heat
transfer into rooms.
D.2. Design Techniques:

VI. LOUVER
Louvers could and should move depending on the time of year, and thus the height of the sun.
Is an arrangement of parallel, horizontal blades, slats, laths, slips of glass, wood, or other
material designed to regulate airflow or light penetration. Louvers are often used in windows or
doors in order to allow air or light in while keeping sunshine or moisture out. It is a framed
opening, as in a wall, door, or window, fitted with fixed or movable horizontal slats for admitting
air and light and shedding rain. Louvers are often made of aluminium, metal, wood, or glass.
They may be opened and closed with a metal lever, pulleys, or through motorized operator.
Louver systems serve to improve indoor day lighting. Fixed mirrored louver systems can limit
glare and of redirect diffuse light. Such louvers may be integrated in between two panes of
double glazing.

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VII. LANDSCAPING
Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land, including:
1. living elements, such as flora or fauna; or what is commonly called gardening, the art and
craft of growing plants with a goal of creating a beautiful environment within the landscape.
2. natural elements such as landforms, terrain shape and elevation, or bodies of water; and

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3. Abstract elements such as the weather and lighting conditions.
VIII. BAMBOO PALM
This plant is a natural defense tool against indoor air pollution. It improves the air quality by
filtering the indoor air of toxins such as nitrogen oxide and formaldehyde.
Many of the items that we use every day such as plastic wallpaper, carpeting and rug pads,
insulation, laminated counters, veneer furniture, plywood, cleaning supplies, air fresheners,
adhesives, printers and copy machines contain volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) which are
synthetic materials that "off-gas" toxins.
VOCs cannot be avoided because they are found in such a wide variety of the products in our
indoor environment; however, you can take steps to make your air healthier by having this plant
in your home. Place one large plant or two smaller plants (4 to 5 inch pots) in a 100 sq ft room to
remove toxins from the air.
Another great quality of the Chamaedorea erumpens is that it releases
life-sustaining oxygen into the air to make breathing easier.
IX. NATURAL ILLUMINATION AND PASSIVE COOLING

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Passive cooling is a building design approach that focuses on heat gain control and heat
dissipation in a building in order to improve the indoor thermal comfort with low or nil energy
consumption. This approach works either by preventing heat from entering the interior (heat gain
prevention) or by removing heat from the building (natural cooling).Natural cooling utilizes on-
site energy, available from the natural environment, combined with the architectural design of
building components (e.g. building envelope), rather than mechanical systems to dissipate
heat. Therefore, natural cooling depends not only on the architectural design of the building but

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on how the site's natural resources are used as heat sinks (i.e. everything that absorbs or dissipates
heat). Examples of on-site heat sinks are the upper atmosphere (night sky), the outdoor air
(wind), and the earth/soil.
Protection from or prevention of heat gains encompasses all the design techniques that
minimizes the impact of solar heat gains through the building’s envelope and of internal heat
gains that is generated inside the building due occupancy and equipment. It includes the
following design techniques.
i. Microclimate and Site Design:

By taking into account the local climate and the site context, specific cooling
strategies can be selected to apply which are the most appropriate for preventing overheating
through the envelope of the building. The microclimate can play a huge role in determining
the most favourable building location by analysing the combined availability of sun and
wind. The bioclimatic chart, the solar diagram and the wind rose are relevant analysis tools
in the application of this technique.
ii. Solar Control:
A properly designed shading system can effectively contribute to minimizing
the solar heat gains. Shading both transparent and opaque surfaces of the building envelope
will minimize the amount of solar radiation that induces overheating in both indoor spaces

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and building’s structure. By shading the building structure, the heat gain captured through
the windows and envelope will be reduced.
iii. Building Form And Layout:
Building orientation and an optimized distribution of interior spaces can prevent
overheating. Rooms can be zoned within the buildings in order to reject sources of internal
heat gain and/or allocating heat gains where they can be useful, considering the different
activities of the building. For example, creating a flat, horizontal plan will increase the
effectiveness of cross-ventilation across the plan. Locating the zones vertically can take
advantage of temperature stratification. Typically, building zones in the upper levels are
warmer than the lower zones due to stratification. Vertical zoning of spaces and activities
uses this temperature stratification to accommodate zone uses according to their temperature
requirements. Form factor (i.e. the ratio between volume and surface) also plays a major
role in the building’s energy and thermal profile. This ratio can be used to shape the building
form to the specific local climate. For example, more compact forms tend to preserve more
heat than less compact forms because the ratio of the internal loads to envelope area is
significant.
iv. Thermal Insulation:

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Insulation in the building’s envelope will decrease the amount of heat transferred
by radiation through the facades. This principle applies both to the opaque (walls and roof)
and transparent surfaces (windows) of the envelope. Since roofs could be a larger contributor
to the interior heat load, especially in lighter constructions (e.g. building and workshops with
roof made out of metal structures), providing thermal insulation can effectively decrease heat
transfer from the roof.
v. Behavioural and Occupancy Patterns:
Some building management policies such as limiting the number of people in a given
area of the building can also contribute effectively to the minimization of heat gains inside a
building. Building occupants can also contribute to indoor overheating prevention by:
shutting off the lights and equipment of unoccupied spaces, operating shading when
necessary to reduce solar heat gains through windows, or dress lighter in order to adapt
better to the indoor environment by increasing their thermal comfort tolerance.
vi. Internal Gain Control:
More energy-efficient lighting and electronic equipment tend to release less energy
thus contributing to less internal heat loads inside the space

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X. WALL GUARDS
Wall guards are designed for facilities requiring a wall protection system that
eliminates covers, end caps and extra pieces which create hollow spaces for insects and
vermin to hide. Each system is manufactured from on-site measurements assuring a

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custom installation. The Wall Guard is designed to protect walls and wall mounted
apparatuses.
The wall bracket’s design allows easy cleaning and disinfecting between the surface of
the wall and the rails. Different styles and sizes of brackets allow Alum-A-Rail systems
to be installed on walls constructed of many types of materials and at various distances
from the walls.
XI. HEALING GARDEN
A “healing garden” is a garden or landscape designed for a specific population, place, and
intended positive health outcome. The garden’s design (physical aspects) and programming

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(activities that take place there) are informed by research. The majority of healing gardens, also
referred to as “restorative gardens” and “healthcare gardens” are in healthcare facilities including
general acute care hospitals, outpatient clinics, assisted living and skilled nursing facilities,
mental and behavioural health facilities, hospices, and specialty facilities such as rehabilitation,
paediatric, and cancer hospitals and clinics. Garden users include patients or residents, visitors,
and staff. Positive outcomes, including stress reduction, are derived through both passive and
active nature connection and can take place indoors (via indoor plants, or from viewing nature
through a window) and outdoors. A “rehabilitation garden,” “therapeutic garden,” or “enabling
garden” is a garden where physical, occupational, horticultural, and other therapies take place. A
“restorative landscape” or “landscape for health” is any landscape—wild or designed, large or
small—that facilitates human health and well-being
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The primary purpose of this project is to improve the circulation and design of private
hospitals. Also to make the ambience more comfortable for the users. The following are the main
problems that will contribute to the planning and designing of the hospital.
Specifically, this researcher seeks to answer the following questions:

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a) What design is suitable to make the structure sustainable and help to make the patients
recover faster?
b) How space planning and design incorporate the interest of the users?
c) Through architectural solution, how to make a comfortable environment to the users?
d) What planning strategies can help the facility promote a healing environment?
VI. DESIGN STANDARD AND GUIDELINES
A hospital and other health facilities shall be planned and designed to observe appropriate
architectural practices, to meet prescribed functional programs, and to conform to
applicable codes as part of normal professional practice. References shall be made to the
following:
 P. D. 1096 – National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules
and Regulations
 P. D. 1185 – Fire Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
 P. D. 856 – Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
 B. P. 344 – Accessibility Law and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations
 R. A. 1378 – National Plumbing Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing

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Rules and Regulations
 R. A. 184 – Philippine Electrical Code
 Manual on Technical Guidelines for Hospitals and Health Facilities Planning and
Design. Department of Health, Manila. 1994
 Signage Systems Manual for Hospitals and Offices. Department of Health, Manila.
1994
 Health Facilities Maintenance Manual. Department of Health, Manila. 1995
 Manual on Hospital Waste Management. Department of Health, Manila. 1997
 District Hospitals: Guidelines for Development. World Health Organization
Regional Publications, Western Pacific Series. 1992
 Guidelines for Construction and Equipment of Hospital and Medical Facilities.
American Institute of Architects, Committee on Architecture for Health. 1992
 De Chiara, Joseph. Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. McGraw-Hill Book
Company. 1980
1 Environment: A hospital and other health facilities shall be so located that it is readily
accessible to the community and reasonably free from undue noise, smoke, dust, foul
odor, flood, and shall not be located adjacent to railroads, freight yards, children's
playgrounds, airports, industrial plants, disposal plants.

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2 Occupancy: A building designed for other purpose shall not be converted into a hospital.
The location of a hospital shall comply with all local zoning ordinances.
3 Safety: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and maintain a safe environment
for patients, personnel and public. The building shall be of such construction so that no
hazards to the life and safety of patients, personnel and public exist. It shall be capable of
withstanding weight and elements to which they may be subjected.
3.1 Exits shall be restricted to the following types: door leading directly outside the
building, interior stair, ramp, and exterior stair.
3.2 A minimum of two (2) exits, remote from each other, shall be provided for each
floor of the building.

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3.3 Exits shall terminate directly at an open space to the outside of the building.
4 Security: A hospital and other health facilities shall ensure the security of person and
property within the facility.
5 Patient Movement: Spaces shall be wide enough for free movement of patients, whether
they are on beds, stretchers, or wheelchairs. Circulation routes for transferring patients
from one area to another shall be available and free at all times.
5.1 Corridors for access by patient and equipment shall have a minimum width of
2.44 meters.
5.2 Corridors in areas not commonly used for bed, stretcher and equipment transport
may be reduced in width to 1.83 meters.
5.3 A ramp or elevator shall be provided for ancillary, clinical and nursing areas
located on the upper floor.

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5.4 A ramp shall be provided as access to the entrance of the hospital not on the same
level of the site.
6 Lighting: All areas in a hospital and other health facilities shall be provided with sufficient
illumination to promote comfort, healing and recovery of patients and to enable
personnel in the performance of work.
7 Ventilation: Adequate ventilation shall be provided to ensure comfort of patients, personnel
and public.
8 Auditory and Visual Privacy: A hospital and other health facilities shall observe acceptable
sound level and adequate visual seclusion to achieve the acoustical and privacy
requirements in designated areas allowing the unhampered conduct of activities.
9 Water Supply: A hospital and other health facilities shall use an approved public water
supply system whenever available. The water supply shall be potable, safe for drinking
and adequate, and shall be brought into the building free of cross connections.

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10 Waste Disposal: Liquid waste shall be discharged into an approved public sewerage
system whenever available, and solid waste shall be collected, treated and disposed of in
accordance with applicable codes, laws or ordinances.
11 Sanitation: Utilities for the maintenance of sanitary system, including approved water
supply and sewerage system, shall be provided through the buildings and premises to
ensure a clean and healthy environment.

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12 Housekeeping: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and maintain a healthy
and aesthetic environment for patients, personnel and public.
13 Maintenance: There shall be an effective building maintenance program in place. The
buildings and equipment shall be kept in a state of good repair. Proper maintenance shall
be provided to prevent untimely breakdown of buildings and equipment.
14 Material Specification: Floors, walls and ceilings shall be of sturdy materials that shall
allow durability, ease of cleaning and fire resistance.
15 Segregation: Wards shall observe segregation of sexes. Separate toilet shall be
maintained for patients and personnel, male and female, with a ratio of one (1) toilet for
every eight (8) patients or personnel.
16 Fire Protection: There shall be measures for detecting fire such as fire alarms in walls,
peepholes in doors or smoke detectors in ceilings. There shall be devices for quenching
fire such as fire extinguishers or fire hoses that are easily visible and accessible in
strategic areas.

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17 Signage. There shall be an effective graphic system composed of a number of individual
visual aids and devices arranged to provide information, orientation, direction,
identification, prohibition, warning and official notice considered essential to the
optimum operation of a hospital and other health facilities.
18 Parking. A hospital and other health facilities shall provide a minimum of one (1) parking
space for every twenty-five (25) beds.
19 Zoning: The different areas of a hospital shall be grouped according to zones as follows:
19.1 Outer Zone – areas that are immediately accessible to the public: emergency
service, outpatient service, and administrative service. They shall be located near
the entrance of the hospital.
19.2 Second Zone – areas that receive workload from the outer zone: laboratory,
pharmacy, and radiology. They shall be located near the outer zone.
19.3 Inner Zone – areas that provide nursing care and management of patients: nursing

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service. They shall be located in private areas but accessible to guests.
19.4 Deep Zone – areas that require asepsis to perform the prescribed services: surgical
service, delivery service, nursery, and intensive care. They shall be segregated
from the public areas but accessible to the outer, second and inner zone

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19.5 Service Zone – areas that provide support to hospital activities: dietary service,
housekeeping service, maintenance and motorpool service, and mortuary. They
shall be located in areas away from normal traffic.
20 Function: The different areas of a hospital shall be functionally related with each other.
20.1 The emergency service shall be located in the ground floor to ensure immediate
access. A separate entrance to the emergency room shall be provided.
20.2 The administrative service, particularly admitting office and business office, shall
be located near the main entrance of the hospital. Offices for hospital management
can be located in private areas.
20.3 The surgical service shall be located and arranged to prevent non-related traffic.
The operating room shall be as remote as practicable from the entrance to provide
asepsis. The dressing room shall be located to avoid exposure to dirty areas after
changing to surgical garments. The nurse station shall be located to permit visual
observation of patient movement.

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20.4 The delivery service shall be located and arranged to prevent non-related traffic.
The delivery room shall be as remote as practicable from the entrance to provide
asepsis. The dressing room shall be located to avoid exposure to dirty areas after
changing to surgical garments. The nurse station shall be located to permit visual
observation of patient movement. The nursery shall be separate but immediately
accessible from the delivery room.
20.5 The nursing service shall be segregated from public areas. The nurse station shall
be located to permit visual observation of patients. Nurse stations shall be
provided in all inpatient units of the hospital with a ratio of at least one (1) nurse
station for every thirty-five (35) beds. Rooms and wards shall be of sufficient size
to allow for work flow and patient movement. Toilets shall be immediately
accessible from rooms and wards.
20.6 The dietary service shall be away from morgue with at least 25-meter distance.
21 Space: Adequate area shall be provided for the people, activity, furniture, equipment and
utility.

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Space Area in Square Meters

Administrative Service
Lobby
Waiting Area 0.65/person
Information and Reception Area 5.02/staff
Toilet 1.67
Business Office 5.02/staff
Medical Records 5.02/staff

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Office of the Chief of Hospital 5.02/staff
Laundry and Linen Area 5.02/staff
Maintenance and Housekeeping Area 5.02/staff
Parking Area for Transport Vehicle 9.29
Supply Room 5.02/staff
Waste Holding Room 4.65
Dietary
Dietitian Area 5.02/staff
Supply Receiving Area 4.65
Cold and Dry Storage Area 4.65
Food Preparation Area 4.65
Cooking and Baking Area 4.65
Serving and Food Assembly Area 4.65
Washing Area 4.65
Garbage Disposal Area 1.67
Dining Area 1.40/person
Toilet 1.67
Cadaver Holding Room 7.43/bed
Clinical Service
Emergency Room
Toilet 1.67
Nurse Station 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Observation Area 7.43/bed
Equipment and Supply Storage Area 4.65
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Outpatient Department
Toilet 1.67
Admitting and Records Area 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Consultation Area 5.02/staff
Surgical and Obstetrical Service
Major Operating Room 33.45
Delivery Room 33.45
Sub-sterilizing Area 4.65
Sterile Instrument, Supply and Storage Area 4.65
Scrub-up Area 4.65
Clean-up Area 4.65
Dressing Room 2.32
Toilet 1.67
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Janitor’s Closet 3.90

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Nursing Unit
Semi-Private Room with Toilet 7.43/bed
Patient Room 7.43/bed
Toilet 1.67
Isolation Room with Toilet 9.29
Treatment and Medication Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Central Sterilizing and Supply Room
Receiving and Releasing Area 5.02/staff
Work Area 5.02/staff
Sterilizing Room 4.65
Sterile Supply Storage Area 4.65
Nursing Service
Office of the Chief Nurse 5.02/staff
Ancillary Service
Primary Clinical Laboratory
Clinical Work Area with Lavatory/Sink 10.00
Pathologist Area 5.02/staff
Toilet 1.67
Radiology
X – Ray Room with Control Booth, Dressing Area 14.00
Dark Room
and Toilet 4.65
Film File and Storage Area 4.65
Radiologist Area 5.02/staff
Pharmacy 15.00
Notes:
1. 0.65/person – Unit area per person occupying the space at one time
2. 5.02/staff – Work area per staff that includes space for one (1) desk and one (1) chair,
space for occasional visitor, and space for aisle
3. 1.40/person – Unit area per person occupying the space at one time
4. 7.43/bed – Clear floor area per bed that includes space for one (1) bed, space for

occasional visitor, and space for passage of equipment
5. 1.08/stretcher – Clear floor area per stretcher that includes space for one (1) stretcher
VII. GENERAL DESIGN AND PLANNING CRITERIA
- Column Spacing
Significant dimension is along the mall as this involves the widths, i .e ., frontages, of
stores . Often used spaces are 20, 25 and 30 ft, with the last the roost flexible. Dimension
from mall to rear of store can be set by the most economical structural system .
- Store Depths
For one-story stores in America, buildings are usually 120 to 140 ft deep, sometimes more
to accommodate larger stores . If there are basements or mezzanines, the depth dimension
usually can be reduced 20 to 25 percent . In European centers and others with many very
small stores, there is a problem in how to achieve shallow depth without incurring higher
costs from greater mall lengths in relation to floor area . One often used and desirable
device is to "dog leg," or "ell," a larger store around a smaller store .
- Clear Height
These vary from 10 to 14 ft or more, with 12 ft a good average . Above this clear height,

there must be adequate space for air-conditioning ducts, recessed lights, structural
system, etc .
- Ducts and Shafts
The shells of the buildings must be flexible enough to accommodate any reasonable tenant
requirements . It is essential that the mechanical engineer set up a schedule of the location
and sizes of the principal duct runs and shafts to avoid serious future space problems. This
requirement includes special exhaust ventilation through the roof and all other mechanical
- Exterior Walls
As these may have, depending on each store's requirements, service doors, public entrance
doors, trash rooms, show windows, etc ., a modular design that can suitably accommodate
for visual effect any of these features is very desirable . Show windows and public
entrances are rare on parking lot facades, as it has been found that the great majority of
customers enter stores from the mall rather than directly from the parking lot . Public
entrances from the parking lot usually occur only for department stores, for stores open on
Sundays, and for such tenants as restaurants, drugstores,and the like .
- Traffic
The car capacity of all contiguous roadways used for ingress and egress must be sufficient
to accommodate present and future through traffic plus the traffic generated by the
shopping center . Proper signal controls, reservoir.

- Source: Time-Saver for Building Type 2nd Edition by Joseph de Chiara & John Callender
VIII. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCESSIBILITY
- The varying sizes and structures of persons of both sexes, their reaches and their lines
of sight at both the standing and sitting positions.
- The dimensional data of the technical aids of disabled persons.
Included in the second consideration are the dimensions of wheelchairs; the minimum
space needed for locking and unlocking leg braces plus the range of distance of crutches
and other walking aids from persons using such devices.
By applying at this very early stage dimensional criteria which take into account
wheelchair usage, the physical environment will ultimately encourage and enable
wheelchair users to make full use of their physical surroundings.
- The provision of adequate space for wheelchair maneuvering generally insures
adequate space for disabled persons equipped with other technical aids or accompanied by
assistants. In determining the minimum dimensions for furniture and fixtures accessible to
disabled persons, the following anthropometric data shall serve as guides for design:
 The length of wheelchairs varies from 1.10 m to 1.30 m.

 The width of wheelchairs is from 0.60 m to 0.75 m.
 A circle of 1.50 m in diam. is suitable in the planning of wheelchair turning spaces.
 The comfortable reach of persons confined to wheelchairs is from 0.70 m to 1.20 m
above the floor and not less than 0.40 m from room corners. The comfortable
clearance for knee and leg space under tables for wheelchair users is 0.70 m.
 Counter height shall be placed at a level comfortable to PWD’s reach.
V.III.II Dimensions Requirement for Accessibility:
Walkways and Passageways
- Walkways should be kept as level as possible and provided with slip-resistant material.
- Whenever and wherever possible, walkways should have a gradient no more than 1:20.

- Walkways should have a maximum cross gradient of 1:100.
- Walkways should have a minimum width of 1.20 meters.
- If possible, gratings should never be located along walkways.
- When occurring along walkways, grating openings should have a maximum dimension
of 13 mm x 13 mm and shall not project more than 6.5 mm above the level of the walkway.
- Walkways should have a continuing surface without abrupt pitches in angle or
interruptions by cracks or breaks creating edges above 6.50 mm.
- In lengthy or busy walkways, spaces should be provided at some point along the route so
that a wheelchair may pass another or turn around. These spaces should have a minimum
dimension of 1.50 m and should be spaced at a maximum distance of 12:00 m between
stops.
- Walkway headroom should not be less than 2.0 m and preferably higher.

Handrails
- Handrails should be installed at both sides of ramps and stairs and at the outer edges of
dropped curbs.
- Handrails shall be installed at 0.90 m and 0.70 m above steps or ramps. Handrails for
protection at great heights may be installed at 1.0 m to 1.06 m.
- A 0.30 m long extension of the handrail should be provided at the start and end of
ramps and stairs.
- Handrails that require full grip should have a dimension of 30 mm to 50 mm.
- Handrails attached to walls should have a clearance no less than 50 mm from the wall.
Signages
- Directional and informational sign should be located at points conveniently seen even by
a person on a wheelchair and those with visual impairments;

- Should a sign protrude into a walkway or route, a minimum headroom of 2.0 meters should
be provided.
- Signs on walls and doors should be located at a maximum height of 1.60 M. and a minimum
height of 1.40 meters. For signage on washroom doors.
- Signages labelling public rooms and places should have raised symbols, letters or numbers
with minimum height of 1 mm; braille symbols should be included in signs indicating public
places and safety routes.
Ramps
- Changes in level require a ramp except when served by a dropped curb, an elevator or other
mechanical device.
- Ramps shall have a minimum clear width of 1.20 m;
- The maximum gradient shall be 1:12;
- The length of a ramp should not exceed 6:00 m. if the gradient is 1:12; longer ramps whose
gradient is 1:12 shall be provided with landings not less than 1.50 m.;

- A level area not less than 1.80 m. should be provided at the top and bottom of any ramp.
- Handrails will be provided on both sides of the ramp at 0.70 m. and 0.90 m. from the ramp
level.
- Any ramp with a rise greater than 0.20 m. and leads down towards an area where vehicular
traffic is possible, should have a railing across the full width of its lower end, not less than
1.80 meters from the foot of the ramp.
Doors
- All doors shall have a minimum clear width of 0.80 m;
- Clear openings shall be measured between the surface of the fully open door at the
hinge and the door jamb at the stop;
- A minimum clear level space of 1.50 m x 1.50 m shall be provided before and
extending beyond a door; EXCEPTION: where a door shall open onto but not into a

corridor, the required clear, level space on the corridor side of the door may be a minimum
of 1.20 m. corridor width;
- Doorknobs and other hardware should be located between 0.82 m. and 1.06 m. above the
floor; 0.90 is preferred;
- Doors along major circulation routes should be provided with kick plates made of durable
materials at a height of 0.30 m. to 0.40 m.
Corridors
- Corridors shall have minimum clear width of 1.20 m.; waiting areas and other facilities or
spaces shall not obstruct the minimum clearance requirement.
- Recesses or turnabout spaces should be provided for wheelchairs to turn around or to
enable another wheelchair to pass; these spaces shall have a minimum area of 1.50 m x
1.50 m. and shall be spaced at a maximum of 12.00 m.
- Turnabout spaces should also be provided at or within 3.50 m. of every dead end.
Washroom & Toilets
- Accessible public washrooms and toilets shall permit easy passage of a wheelchair and
allow the occupant to enter a stall, close the door and transfer to the water closet from
either a frontal or lateral position;
- Accessible water closet stalls shall have a minimum area of 1.70 x 1.80 mts. One
movable grab bar and one fixed to the adjacent wall shall be installed at the accessible

water closet stall for lateral mounting; fixed grab bars on both sides of the wall shall be
installed for stalls for frontal mounting;
- A turning space of 2.25 sq.m. with a minimum dimension of 1.50 m. for wheelchair shall
be provided for water closet stalls for lateral mounting;
- All accessible public toilets shall have accessories such as mirrors, paper dispensers,
towel racks and fittings such as faucets mounted at heights reachable by a person in a
wheelchair.
- The minimum number of accessible water closets on each floor level or on that part of a
floor level accessible to the disabled shall be one (1) where the total number of water
closets per set on that level is 20; and two (2) where the number of water closets exceed
- The maximum height of water closets should be 0.45 m.; flush control should have a
maximum height of 1.20 mts.
- Maximum height of lavatories should be 0.80 m. with a knee recess of 0.60 - 0.70 M.
vertical clearance and a 0.50 m. depth.
- Urinals should have an elongated lip or through type; the maximum height of the lip should
be 0.48 m.
Stairs
- Tread surfaces should be a slip-resistant material; nosings may be provided with slip-
resistant strips to further minimize slipping:
- Slanted nosings are preferred to projecting nosings so as not to pose difficulty for
people using crutches or braces whose feet have a tendency to get caught in the recessed

space or projecting nosings. For the same reason, open stringers should be avoided.
- A tactile strip 0.30 m. wide shall be installed before hazardous areas such as
sudden changes in floor levels and at the top and bottom of stairs; special care must be taken
to ensure the proper mounting or adhesion of tactile strips so as not to cause accidents.
Elevators
- Accessible elevators should be located not more than 30.00 m. from the entrance and
should be easy to locate with the aid of signs.
- Accessible elevators shall have a minimum dimension of 1.10 m. x 1.40 m.
- Control panels and emergency system of accessible elevators shall be within reach of a
seated person; centerline heights for the topmost buttons shall be between 0.90 m to 1.20
m from the floor.
- Source: BPP 344: Accessibility Law; Appendix A
V.IV Fire Protection

V.IV.I Door
- Any door in a means of egress shall be of the side-hinged or pivoted swinging
type. The door shall be designed and installed so that it is capable of swinging from any
position to the full required width of the opening in which it is installed. Doors required to
be of the side-hinged or pivoted-swinging type shall swing in the direction of egress travel
where serving a room or area with an occupant load of fifty (50) or more persons.
- A door shall swing in the direction of egress travel when used in an exit enclosure or
where serving a high hazard contents area, unless it is a door from an individual living unit
that opens directly into an exit enclosure. During its swing, any door in a means of egress
shall leave not less than one-half of the required width of an aisle, corridor, passageway, or
landing unobstructed and shall not project more than one hundred seventy eight
millimeters (178 mm) into the required width of an aisle, corridor, passageway, or landing,
when fully open. Doors shall not open directly onto a stair without a landing. The landing
shall have a width not less than the width of the door.
- Door openings in means of egress shall not be less than seventy one centimeters (71 cm)
in clear width. When a pair of doors is provided, not less than one of the doors shall
provide at least seventy one centimeters (71 cm) clear width opening.
V.IV.II Stairs
- Standard stairs shall meet the following criteria:
* New stairs shall be in accordance with Table 2 and 4

Table 2: DIMENSIONAL CRITERIA FOR NEW STAIRS

Dimensional Criteria
Feature
mm in
Maximum height of risers 180 7
Minimum height of risers 100 4
Minimum tread depth 280 11
Minimum Headroom 2000 80
Maximum height between landings 3660 144
- Minimum New Stair Width
*Where the total occupant load of all storeys served by the stair is
fewer than 50, the minimum width clear of all obstructions, except
projections not more than one hundred fourteen millimeters (114 mm)
at or below handrail height on each side, shall be nine hundred fifteen
millimeters (915 mm).
Table 4: NEW STAIR WIDTH

Total Cumulative Occupant Width
Load Assigned to the Stair mm in

< 2000 Persons 1120 44
> 2000 Persons 1420 56

Stair Details:
- There shall be no variation exceeding five millimeters (5mm), in the width of treads
or in
height of risers in any flight, except as permitted by paragraph H ( Guard and Handrails of
this Section for monumental stairs.
- Every tread less than twenty five centimeters (25 cm) shall have a nosing or an effective
projection of approximately twenty five millimeters (25mm) over the level immediately
below.
Guard and Handrails
- Handrails on stairs shall be not less than seventy six centimeters (76 cm) nor more than
eighty six and one-half centimeters (86.5 cm) above the upper surface of the tread,
measured vertically to the top of the rail from a point on the tread twenty five millimeters
(25 mm) back from the leading edge, except on stairways designed
- Every stairway required to be more than two hundred twenty three centimeters (223 cm) in
width, shall have intermediate handrails dividing the stairway into portions not more than two
hundred twenty three centimeters (223 cm) in width, except that on monumental outside
stairs, two handrails may be permitted.
- The height of guards required by paragraphs "H" of this Section shall be measured
vertically to the top of the guard from a point on the tread twenty five millimetres (25mm)

back from the leading edge or from the floor of landings or balconies.
- No guards shall be required for inside stairs which reverse direction at intermediate
landings, where the horizontal distance between successive flights is not more than thirty
and a half centimetres (30.5cm).
c. Guards shall nor be less than one hundred six centimetres (106cm) high. Guards
protecting changes in level one storey or less on interior balconies and mezzanines shall be
not less than ninety one centimetres (91cm).
Ramps

* The following dimensional criteria shall apply to ramps:
Table 5: DIMENSIONAL CRITERIA FOR NEW RAMPS

Feature
mm in
Minimum width clear of all
obstructions, except projections

1120 44
not more than 4½ in. (114 mm) at
or below handrail height on each side

Maximum slope 1:12 m
Maximum cross slope 1:48 m
Special
Maximum rise for a single ramp run 760 30
Provisions for Outside Ramps
1. Outside ramps shall be arranged to avoid any impediments to their use. For ramps more
than three storeys in height, any arrangement intended to meet this requirement shall be at
least one hundred twenty two centimetres (122 cm) in height.
2. Outside ramps and landings shall be designed and maintained to minimize water
accumulation on their surfaces
Travel Distance to Exits
Exits shall be so arranged that the total length of travel from any point to reach an exit will
not exceed forty six (46) meters in any place of assembly for spaces not protected by
approved, supervised sprinkler system and sixty one (61) meters in areas so protected.

Minimum Width of Egress
The width of any means of egress shall not be less than nine hundred fifteen millimeters
(915 mm) except when specifically provided under Division 8 to Division 17 of this
Chapter.
Fire Escape Stairs
- Fire escape stairs, depending upon the requirement of Division 8 through 17 of this Chapter,
shall be in accordance with the following table and subsequent paragraphs:
Table 6: DIMENSIONAL CRITERIA FOR FIRE ESCAPE STAIRS

Particular Dimensions
Minimum width 60 cm clear between rails
Minimum horizontal dimension of any landing
60 cm
platform
Maximum rise 23 cm
Maximum tread, exclusive of nosing 23 cm
Tread construction Solid, 13mm diam. perforation permitted
Winders ( spiral ) None

Risers None
Maximum height between landings 3.66 m
Headroom, minimum 2.00 m
Door or casement windows 61 cm by
Access to escape 1.98 m or double hung windows 76.20 cm by
91.44 cm clear
Not over 30.50 cm above floor; steps if
Level of access opening
higher
Discharge to ground Swinging stair section permitted
45 per unit* access by door; 20 if
Capacity number of persons
access by climbing over window rail
- Source: RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines; Rule 10 – Chapter 2 – Division 5
Parking Slot Ratio
- Unit with a gross floor area of more than 70.00 sq. meters provide one (1) parking slot*
for every 70.00 sq. meters and for a fraction thereof.

- In computing for parking slots, a fraction of 50% and above shall be considered as one (1)
car parking slot to be provided. In all cases however, a minimum of one (1) car parking
slot shall be provided unless otherwise allowed under this Rule.

- Multi-floor parking garages may serve the 20% parking requirements of the
building/structure within 200.00 meter radius, provided atleast 80% of the parking
requirements are complied with and integrated in the building design.

- Special Provision on the Handicapped: For buildings/structures to be provided with
features intended for the use or occupancy of the handicapped, the minimum provisions of
Batas Pambansa (BP) Bilang 344 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) with
respect to parking shall be strictly observed.

- In addition to on-site cum off-RROW (off-street) parking provisions mandated under this
Rule, off-site cum off-street parking facilities may be allowed and considered part of a
project provided that such facilities specifically consist of reserved or leased parking slots
within a permanent parking building/structure and not in a vacant parking lot or parking
structure/space for a commercial development and provided further that such parking slots
are located no more than 100.00 meters away from a residential building project or are
located no more than 200.00 meters away from an office or commercial building project.
IX. CONCLUSION
1. Design and Building Standards – Compliance to the building laws and standards should be
strictly followed to ensure proper and good building design.

2. Sustainability – Use of green technologies should be used as much as possible. This will
greatly help in reducing the earth current carbon footprint and temperature.
3. Circulation – Proper planning should be strictly followed to be able to provide good and
ample air and user circulation inside the structure.

4. Zoning – Clustering of spaces, areas and/or establishments should be carefully planned out.
This is done to avoid user confusion due to scattered spaces and to have good circulation
5. Ventilation – Planning of Air-Duct system should be taken carefully, this is to ensure proper
air flow and reduced heat inside the structure.
X. GLOSSARY
1. World Health Organization- is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is
concerned with international public health.

2. District Hospitals - typically is the major health care facility in its region, with
large numbers of beds for intensive care & Critical Care and long-term care.
3. Foliage- plant leaves, collectively.
4. Fauna- refers to animals.
5. Flora- is plant life.
6. Bioclimatic Chart- is a preliminary analysis tool used during the early planning
stages of a building project.

7. Zoning- is the process of dividing land in a municipality into zones
(e.g. residential, industrial) in which certain land uses are permitted or prohibited.
8. Freight Yard- a place on a rail network where freight trains are made up or
broken up.
9. Sewerage System- A sewer system comprises a network of pipelines and
technical installations (e.g. pumping stations). The system collects and transports
waste- and storm water from more than one source to a wastewater treatment
plant or the receiving waters.

10. Department of Heatlh (DoH)- is the executive department of the Philippine
government responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services by all
Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and the regulation of all
health services and products.

11. Private Hospital- is a hospital owned by a for-profit company or a non-profit
organization and privately funded through payment for medical services by
patients themselves, by insurers, Governments through national health insurance
programs, or by foreign embassies.

12. Heatlh Facilities- are places that provide health care. They include hospitals,
clinics, outpatient care centers, and specialized care centers, such as birthing
centers and psychiatric care centers.

13. Green Architecture- is a sustainable method of green building design: it is
design and construction with the environment in mind.

14. Sustainable Architecture- is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative
environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of
materials, energy, and development space and the ecosystem at large. Sustainable
architecture uses a conscious approach to energy and ecological conservation in
the design of the built environment.

15. Asepsis- the absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
16.
XI. SOURCE/REFERENCES
http://www.bizymoms.com/besthotels/history-of-resorts.html

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PLATE 300– OSPITAL NG MALOLOS

AR 351/353D: Architectural Design V, A.Y 2017-2018

engraved in the annals of Philippine History.

through the years led to present "Malolos".

the Gatsalians (Gatchalian), and the Manahans.

CASTRO-MENDIOLA-MENDOZA Bachelor of Science in Architecture – 3b

Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor

subjected to an influx of metropolitan thoughts.

techniques of their forefathers.

II. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

CASTRO-MENDIOLA-MENDOZA Bachelor of Science in Architecture – 3b

Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor

such that out-of-pocket expenses ballooned uncontrollably.

CASTRO-MENDIOLA-MENDOZA Bachelor of Science in Architecture – 3b

Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor

III. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

As Architecture students, the significance of the study is to help the municipality of

Malolos, Bulacan in developing a private medical facility.

IV. DESIGN OBJECTIVES

nature while they are inside the hospital.

CASTRO-MENDIOLA-MENDOZA Bachelor of Science in Architecture – 3b

Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor

i. Office of the Hospital Chief -

ii. Administrative/Staff Office – Office that mat coordinate international or regional

activities; Administrative offices are frequently located in a country other than a

the educational goals and objectives of the institution.

conferences and meetings. It is commonly found at large hotels and convention

income and paying the lawful amount of tax.

patient’s medical representative.

vii. Social Services Office -

viii. Rest Rooms (Male & Female) - a bathroom in a public building.

ix. PWD Rest Room(s) – toilet for disabled persons.

b. Emergency Department - also known as an accident & emergency

CASTRO-MENDIOLA-MENDOZA Bachelor of Science in Architecture – 3b

Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor

is a medical treatment facility specializing in emergency medicine, the acute care of

patients who present without prior appointment.

CASTRO-MENDIOLA-MENDOZA Bachelor of Science in Architecture – 3b

Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor

i. Nurse Station - an area of a health care facility (such as a hospital ward

usually general practitioners (GP), receive and treat patients.

vi. Waiting Area - is a building, or more commonly a part of a building or a

are waiting for begins.

ix. Storage - space available for storing something

c. Out-Patient Department - is the part of a hospital designed for the treatment

i. Waiting Area - is a building, or more commonly a part of a building or a

CASTRO-MENDIOLA-MENDOZA Bachelor of Science in Architecture – 3b

Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor

are waiting for begins.

ii. Nurse Station/Information - is an area of a health care facility (such as a

perform some of their duties.

birth up to the age of 18.

particular expertise in pregnancy, childbirth, and disorders of the

ix. Rest Rooms (Male & Female) - a bathroom in a public building.

x. PWD Rest Room(s) - toilet for disabled persons.

d. Radiology Department - specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and injury

through the use of medical imaging techniques such as x-rays, computed

tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, positron

emission tomography (PET), fusion imaging, and ultrasound.

CASTRO-MENDIOLA-MENDOZA Bachelor of Science in Architecture – 3b

Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor

processing of light – sensitive materials, such as x-ray film.

v. Film File Storage – it is a space where x-ray films are stored.

toiletries, cosmetics, household goods and snacks.