CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The researchers have found the following studies and literature as relevant
to the system being proposed. Synthesis for the research is also included below.

Android
Android is a mobile operating system which is found on a variety of modern
devices, the most popular being smartphones. And android operating system and
an open source operating systems for smart phones it will fit in our system. Many
of us uses android application because as an owner/operator of a business you
are responsibility to choose something that you and your employee will
comfortable with and has a short learning curve. And it’s more affordable because
you don’t need to pay exotic licensing and development fees. The application
environments are free of charge and end up saving a ton of money. If you want to
make more than one app for your business. And also high customer demand
because the fact many of people uses android phone compare to iOS because it’s
too expensive.

Class Scheduling Tool for PHCM: A Web Application with Mobile App
Class Scheduling Tool for PHCM: A Web Application with Mobile App is a
web and mobile tool that enables the user to encode class schedules using a
computer web browser or an android mobile app. This tool provides capabilities
for viewing faculty profiles, encode class schedules remotely and approve
schedules that encoded by the faculty remotely.
The mobile application was developed using Android Studio. Android Studio
is the official IDE for Android app development, based on IntelliJ IDEA. According
to Borkar (2014), using Android Studio is far simpler way to develop an Android
application and there are enormous amount of tutorials the developer can find.
Class Scheduling Tool for PHCM Webserver enables the admin to monitor
the activities, enters user’s account, and views the profile of the users. Proponents
used the website as the server of the Class Scheduling Tool for PHCM: A Web
Application with Mobile App for the better access and security. It was developed
using PHP.
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web
development but is also used as a general-purpose programming language.
According to an article at Blueline Media, PHP is easy to learn and very well
supported online. “A good benefit of using PHP is that it can interact with many
different database languages including MySQL. It is a free language with no
licensing fees so the cost of using it is minimal.”

Foreign Literature
According to Dr. Dibon (2010), a study on a report on the Impact of
Workload on Teachers and Student’s stated that Teacher’s expressed concern
that higher level of frustration and stress due to a lack of assigned time to prepare
classes can negatively impact on their interactions with students. The lack of
preparation time can also result in classes that are not planned/prepared as well
as they could be. Further, when a teacher doesn’t have time to properly assess
student work, in a timely fashion, and has little time to provide tutorial classes,
remedial work for students who need extra help is often compromised. Having
adequate preparation time is a critical factor to a teacher satisfaction. In this
Study, the proponents aim to develop an “E Faculty Loading” that will help
organize the teachers work load. When teachers are satisfied with the amount of
time they had for preparation they were much more positive about their work and
profession in general.
Manual system is retrieving, maintaining, security and filling of records
consume lot of time and effort. There are some cases wherein misplaced of
records are taking place because of the years gone by. Furthermore, these files
were only kept in envelope, folder or wooden racks. There are also instances
when the right information is given to the wrong person, which may affect quality
of service. (M. Cantonas, 2008)
 The need for a computerized system is very much essentials to
establishments, especially schools. It provide a great help when it comes to
organizing and speeding up process of work in offices.
Senior Scheduling System is a powerful tool designed to help create school’s
master schedule. The schedule created by the scheduling system can be
analyzed, adjusted and rerun an unlimited number of times until the desired
results are achieved. The power of Scheduling system will greatly reduce the time
it takes to create school’s faculty schedules.(Gordon Smith, 2007)
It is important to have a system or software that is efficient, reliable and can
adapt to different environment. Faculty loading done manually is time consuming.
In today’s society, the use of modern technology is widely used to conserve time
and energy. The use of computerized faculty loading will reduce the time in
scheduling a faculty workload.
A school has a limited amount of classrooms, labs, and lecture halls to hold
courses in. Many full-time professors have only specialized areas of expertise
within which they can teach, and have limits to how many classes they can take
on. Courses tend to have differing sizes, room requirements, lengths, credits, and
even some restrictions on which other classes cannot be taught at the same time.
(Kevin Soule, 2007)
A faculty loading software should have inputs of the faculty information, their
field of specialization, as well as the number of students and classroom where the
course should take place. Every course that is offered has a set of parameters
required to be assigned in order for it to be placed inside a schedule.

Foreign Studies
Information Systems are a tool to support information management.
Information systems are increasingly being used in organizations with the objective
providing competitive advantage. The information system used by organization
can be grouped into different types such as schedule viewing system,
management information system, decision support system, executive information
system, expert systems and office information system. Information system is used
specially on companies and schools to provide information about the school faculty
and company employees. The information society may be virtual society. A
Schedule system helps and provides efficient and reliable services to the students,
enrollment personnel and administration. Moreover, this system improved the
process of searching of rooms and subject schedules.
According to Graysail (2010), For the past several years, the official of the
faculty senate have struggled with defining teaching loads at Gustavus for the
purposes of determining overload situation and staffing allocations. Several ad hoc
committees have looked into the matter, without resolution. At least since the 1992-
1993 school years, the Registrar has tabulated “Faculty Load” data by department,
including number of sections (or contact hours) taught full time load (as determined
by the department), enrollment, and enrollment per faculty. (C.F. Niederriter, 2007)
Faculty overloading has been a known and documented problem since as long as
the 1993 – 1992 school years, this fact adds to the teacher’s work burden as well
as their availability for fruitful interaction with the students. Our proposed software
will alleviate this burden and allows the teacher more time teaching and interacting
with the student. This will allow the teacher to feel more job satisfaction as well
giving the student the feeling of a more personalized education within the system.
Open standards Appointment Scheduling System is primarily designed for
Institutions of Higher Education (IHE), but can easily being corporates into web
solutions for a variety of business lines. The core functionality of the system allows
designating faculty and staff to set schedule of availability and designate
individuals enter the system and schedule appointments as needed with the faculty
and staff.Software with automatic scheduling for teachers workload that can be
easily access by faculty members will be handy to everyone.
According to John Hop kin’s University (2011-2012) Homewood (John Hop
kin’s University S.Y. 2011-2012) prioritize the schedule system resource to be
used as fully efficient as possible. The schedule system provides equitable access
to a variety of rooms, time management and faculty information, as well as to
provide the students to search more information on their own.
 Based on Southern California Community College (2012) , The Southern
California Community College Long Beach City College has gone live with a
Cognos-Based faculty and student scheduling management system that was
designed by Irvine, CA-base professional services firm e2e Analytics. Prior to
installing the new system. LBCC, which has two main campuses and multiple
satellites that support nine schools and 34 departments. The school’s scheduling
management system budgeting and planning up to three months to compile,
consolidate, and implement. Updating and checking of faculty and students
Information was inspired by the advancement of modern technology. The
researchers gathered data necessary in the scheduling system for the success of
the study providing benefit of the employees and students so they can have access
and have access and have the ability to manage information directly and
conveniently.
Based on the study of Los Angeles College (2013), Before the new semester
of 2012 School Year, The Southern California Community College and Long
Beach City College has gone live with a Cognos-Based faculty and students
schedule management system that was designed by Irvine, The schools schedule
management system planning and implement and updating and checking of
faculty and students Information was inspired by the advancement of modern
technology. The schedule system management is also used to view and give the
access to the students search their rooms, subjects and faculty members in the
school.

Local Studies
According to Bacala and Reano (2010) An Online schedule System was
proposed to replace the manual searching in Cavite Maritime Institute in order to
advance an organized flow of transaction and an ease of work concerned on how
the manual searching performs throughout the institution’s operations. The
Administrator has the right to update, add and delete records at the same time,
tracing the constraints and evaluation of then manual system essential. Online-
based schedule system also provides the users to view their schedule as long as
the user or the student is enrolled in the institution and also connected through the
internet.
Based on Harvent School (2011), Harvent School in Dagupan City, composed
of elementary and High school level. The school puts premium top system. The
Scheduling process is the initial stage in gathering bon fide accurate student
information necessary to establish student permanent records. The system
provides the access to the students to see their school records such as students’
personal information and grades. The system will work only in their facility; the
school principal serves as the admin and the school also provides their top security
system to avoid information leakage.
According to Aquino (2011), Importance of computer application is increasing
day by day. In the latest decades of the millennium winning organization are those
which are willing to integrate business strategy and computer information
technology in plying their respective trades. The use of computer information
technology results for them to be able to develop products fast and make decisions
fast, ability to have fluid organization structures, able to cope with the demanding
work force and external environment by the rapid development of innovative
approaches and lastly using information system confirms the company’s mission
vision. The school use the information systems in the way of implementing a
scheduling system. This results for them to search more accurately and easy.
Based on Bohol island State University(2012-2013), Study tested the
functionality of Automated class scheduling system in terms of speed, data
handling , security , Scheduling , stability and adaptability in making class
schedules. This study was conducted in Bohol Island state University Main
Campus, Tagbilaran City during the second semester of school year 2012– 2013.
The respondents of this study were the 6 expert instructors in the field of computer
programming. They tested and evaluated the functionality of the program in terms
of its design, and accuracy, data handling security, stability and adaptability of the
software. Separate set of questioners were given to two groups of respondents.
The study concluded that the manual and the automated system is more functional
because of its extra features which solve primary problems in creating class
schedules.
Based on the researcher (2011), a web based-schedule viewing system for
VERITAS Parochial School (VPS) in Manila was developed to help its students
search in a more efficient way without hassles. It is with the web-based viewing
schedule system for VPS that this style of searching may be achieved. This new
type of system offers its students new option for searching at VPS. By logging on
to VPS website. One can register and search the information of the faculty for a
school year. With these the student has the right to view his/her room, subject and
instructor, because the user created an account via registration. Only the school-
admin can create their student account, the registration of accounts is only
created inside the school.