Unit 10: Aqueous Chemistry-Solutions

HW #10.1
1. Use your solubility rules to determine which of the following are insoluble:
a. NaBr c. Fe(NO3)3 e. AgCl
b. BaSO4 d. Cu(OH)2 f. (NH4)2CO3

2. 0.720 g NaBr is dissolved in a total volume of 30.0 mL. Find the molarity of the solution.
3. How many grams of Ca(OH)2 are needed to make 400. mL of a 0.120 M Ca(OH) 2 solution?
4. 225 mL of water is added to 75.0 mL of a 1.50 M NaNO 3 solution. What is the new molarity?
5. How many mL of a stock 0.800 M NaOH solution are needed to make 300. mL of 0.250 M
NaOH? What volume of water needs to be added to the original solution?
6. Why does a bottle of soda keep its fizz longer if you keep it capped and in the refrigerator?
7. List three properties of a solution that depend on the concentration but not the type of
particle or particles present in the solution.
8. How does increasing the concentration of a non-volatile solute in water affect the following
properties: (a) vapor pressure of the solvent (b) freezing point (c) boiling point ?
9. Why does a 0.10 m aqueous solution of NaCl have a higher boiling point than a 0.10 m
aqueous solution of glucose, C6H12O6?
10. Consider 2 solutions, one is formed by adding 10 g of glucose, C 6H12O6, to 1 L of water,
and the other is formed by adding 10 g of sucrose, C12H11O22, to 1 L of water. Are the vapor
pressures of the 2 solutions the same? Why-or why not?
11. List the following aqueous solutions in order of decreasing freezing points:
(a) 0.050 m glucose
(b) 0.050 m Zn(NO3)2
(c) 0.050 m LiBr

HW #10.2
1. What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
2. Give the names and chemical formulas of two strong acids and two weak acids.
3. Pick which two adjectives (strong or weak, and concentrated or dilute) describe the
following solutions:
(a) 12 M HCl
(b) 0.02 M HNO3
(c) 6 M H2CO3
(d) 0.001 M HC2H3O2
4. Fill in the chart below by providing simple definitions.

Acid Base
Arrhenius’
Definition
Brønsted-Lowry
Definition

Chemistry Raleigh Charter High School Dr. Genez

Unit 10: Aqueous Chemistry-Solutions

5. Write balanced equations for the:

a. Dissociation of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2
b. Ionization of nitric acid, HNO3, showing the formation of the hydronium ion

6. Write the formulas for the conjugate base of each of the following acids:
a. H2SO3 b. HCO3− c. NH 4+

7. Write the formulas for the conjugate acid of each of the following bases.
a. H2O b. CO3−2 c. PH 3

8. Calculate the pH of a 0.10 M solution of nitric acid.

9. Calculate the pH of a solution containing 2.65 g of HCl in 2.00 L of solution

10. What is the pH of an aqueous solution containing 0.020 M barium hydroxide?

Calculating pH

11. Calculate the [H+] in a 2.00 L solution in which 3.65 g of HCl is dissolved.

12. Calculate the pH of a solution of nitric acid, HNO3, that:

(a) is 1.0 x 10−4 M
(b) consists of 6.3 g of solute dissolved in 1.00 L of solution.

13. Find the hydronium ion, H3O+, concentration in a solution with a pH of 12.6.
Is this solution acidic or basic? Explain.

14. What is the pH of an aqueous solution containing 0.0020 M barium hydroxide, a

strong base?

15. Determine the pH of each of the following solutions, and indicate whether the solution is
acidic or basic.
Acidic/basic
+ −3
(a) [H ] = 1.0 x 10 M pH = _________ __________
(b) [H+] = 2.5 x 10−5 M pH = _________ __________
−
(c) [OH ] = 0.01 M pH = _________ __________
− −6
(d) [OH ] = 3.2 x 10 M pH = _________ __________
(e) [H+] = 0.00034 M pH = _________ __________

HW 10.3

1. Determine the oxidation number of each element in each of the following compounds.

Chemistry Raleigh Charter High School Dr. Genez

Unit 10: Aqueous Chemistry-Solutions

Rules:

1. Pure elements have an oxidation number of 0

2. If the compound is an ionic compound, the oxidation number for each element is the ion’s
charge
3. The oxidation number of hydrogen in a compound is +1
4. The oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds is –2
(peroxides are the exception; in peroxides oxygen has an oxidation number of –1)
5. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a compound is zero.
6. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion is equal to the ion charge.
7.

a. SnCl2 Sn ______ Cl ______ d. Ag2S Ag ______ S ______

b. Ca3P2 Ca ______ P ______ e. N2H4 N ______ H ______ watch sign for N!

c. HNO2 H ______ N ______ O ______

2. Determine the oxidation number of carbon in each of the following compounds:

a. methane, CH4 b. formaldehyde, CH2O c. carbon monoxide, CO d. CO2

3. For each of the following reactions, complete the table below the equation. If an element does not
undergo any change, leave the last 2 columns blank.

a. 4HCl + O2 → 2H2O + 2Cl2

Initial Final e- gained Oxidized or

element Agent
Ox. No Ox. No. or lost reduced

H 

Cl 

O 

b. 4 Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2 Al2O3(s)

Initial Final e- gained Oxidized or

element Agent
Ox. No Ox. No. or lost reduced

Chemistry Raleigh Charter High School Dr. Genez

Unit 10: Aqueous Chemistry-Solutions

Al 

O 

4. Follow the steps for balancing Redox reactions in acidic or basic solutions in your
coursepack (pp. 135 – 137) to balance the reactions given below.

a. MnO4− + H2S → Mn+2 + S8 (acidic solution)

b. Cr2O7−2 + SO2 + H+ → Cr+3 + HSO4− + H2O (acidic solution)

c. MnO4− + C2O4−2 → MnO2 + CO3−2 (basic conditions)

d. Br− + MnO4− → MnO2 + BrO3− (basic conditions)

5. Not all of the following reactions are redox reactions. Place a check mark in the appropriate column
for each reaction.

Not
Redox
Redox
a. Na2S(aq) + FeCl2(aq)  2 NaCl(aq) + FeS(s)
b. 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l)  2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
c. 2 KClO3(s)  2 KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)
d. SO2 + H2O  H2SO3
e. 2 Al + 6 HCl  2 AlCl3 + 3 H2

Chemistry Raleigh Charter High School Dr. Genez