1803 Vocabulary Terms

These terms are in no particular order; however all must be defined as a part of the set-exercises assessment
task.
Term Definition
2D Shape A shape with only two dimensions (such as width and
height) and no thickness, and it called “two-
1 dimensional”.
3D Shape An object with three dimensions (such as height, width
and depth) like any object in the real world, and it called
“three- dimensional”.
2
5E Model The 5Es represent five stages of a sequence for teaching
and learning: Engage, Explore, Explain, Extend,
3 and Evaluate.
accommodation the teaching practice that considers how a student is
presented with materials in order to facilitate academic
4 progress
assimilation a cognitive process that manages how we take in new
information and incorporate that new information into
5 our existing knowledge.
6 cardinality a measure of the "number of elements of the set".
centration Focusing on only one aspect of a situation, problem or
7 object.
Classification (Science Grouping objects or events is a way of imposing order
process skill)
8 based on similarities, differences, and interrelationships.
Cognitive
9 constructivism
communicating Sharing ideas through talking and listening, drawing and
(Science process skill)
labeling pictures, drawing and labeling graphs and acting
10 things out.
concept the fundamental building blocks of
11 our thoughts and beliefs.
conceptual subitizing the pairing the ability to see sets of numbers with larger
12 sets, such as seeing two fours in the eight of a domino.
conclusion (Scientific The last main division of a discourse, usually contains a
method)
summing up of the points and a statement of opinion of
13 decisions reached.

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 1803 Vocabulary Terms

Concrete operational the stage of cognitive development in which a child is

stage
capable of performing a variety of mental operations and
thoughts using concrete concepts. More specifically,
children are able to understand that just because an object
changes shape or is divided into pieces, the object still
14 retains certain important characteristics.
concrete pictorial using actual objects for children to add, subtract, multiply
abstract learning
progression or divide. They then progress to using pictorial
representations of the object, and ultimately, abstract
symbols. The CPA approach helps children learn new
ideas and build on their existing knowledge by
introducing abstract concepts in a more familiar way.
15
conservation The principle that a given object or quantity remains the
same, although its orientation or position may change or
16 it may be divided in certain way.
Constructivist method is based on constructivist learning theory. Constructivist
teaching is based on the belief that learning occurs as
learners are actively involved in a process of meaning
and knowledge construction as opposed to passively
receiving information
17
controlling variables being able to identify variables that can affect an
(More complex science
process skill) experimental outcome, keeping most constant while
18 manipulating only the independent variable
data facts and statistics collected together for reference or
19 analysis.
disequilibrium lack of equilibrium; imbalance.
20
equilibrium a state of balance or a stable situation where opposing
forces cancel each other out and where no changes are
21 occurring.
estimation a rough calculation of the value, number, quantity, or
22 extent of something.
Formal Operations According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development,
Stage
23 when a person gets to be approximately age 12 and
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 1803 Vocabulary Terms

above, they acquire the ability to think logically about

abstract concepts.

hypothesis (Scientific explanation for something that

method)
24 is based on known facts but has not yet been proved
hypothesizing (More put (something) forward as a hypothesis.
complex science process
25 skill)
inferring (science an explanation or interpretation of an observation.
process skill)
26
informal experience Experiences initiated by the adult as the child is engaged
in a naturalistic experience, not preplanned for a specific
27 time.
inquiry-based learning is a form of active learning that starts by posing
(IBL)
questions, problems or scenarios rather than simply
presenting established facts or portraying a smooth path
28 to knowledge.
29 learning cycle a concept of how people learn from experience
30 logical grouping
measuring the act or process of taking measurements
31
measuring (science Quantitative descriptions made by an observer either
process skill)
directly through observation or indirectly with a unit of
32 measure.
more knowledgeable refers to anyone who has a better understanding or a
other
higher ability level than the learner, with respect to a
33 particular task, process, or concept.
naturalistic experience Those experiences initiated spontaneously by children as
34 they go about their daily activities.
observing (science Using the senses to gather information about objects or
process skill)
35 events.
one to one a situation in which the members of one set (call it A) can
correspondence
36 be evenly matched with the members of a second set.
37 perceptual subitizing recognizing a number without using other mathematical
predicting (science Making reasonable guesses or estimations based on
process skill)
observations and prior knowledge and experiences.
38
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 1803 Vocabulary Terms

pre-operational stage the second stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive

development. This stage begins around age two and last
until approximately age seven. During this stage, the
39 child learns to use the symbols of language.
Principles of School
40 Mathematics
41 process skill The ability to do something well foundation.
rational counting refers to a child's ability to assign a number to the
42 objects she is counting.
reversibility the understanding that numbers and objects can change
43 and then return to their original state.
44 rote counting counting numbers sequentially.
scaffolding refers to a variety of instructional techniques used to
move students progressively toward stronger
understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in
45 the learning process.
science process skill the science process skills that scientists use in the process
46 of doing science.
scientific method a method of research in which a problem is identified, rel
evant dataare gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from t
47 hese data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested.
Sensory motor stage is the first of the four stages in Piaget's theory of
cognitive development (1954, 1964). It extends from
birth to approximately 2 years, and is a period of rapid
cognitive growth.
48
49 seriation
50 social constructivism
Sorting

•grouping things such as people, animals and objects.

51
spatial awareness the ability to see and understand two or more objects in
relation to each other and to one’s body in terms of space
and distance.
52

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 1803 Vocabulary Terms

Standards for School

53 Mathematics
54 structured experience
student- directed Engages students in actively developing their
inquiry
understanding of science through authentic scientific
55 endeavors.
56 teachable moment
teacher- directed
57 inquiry
58 testable question
59 volume
zone of proximal he difference between what a learner can do without help,
development
60 and what they can't do.

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