Technical Information Technical Information

Table 1 Table 5 Nominal

Thread
Pitch
of the Thread
Pitch
Diameter D2
Minor
Diameter D3
Nominal
Stress
Hexagon
A/F Size
Diameter mm mm mm mm Area mm2 mm
Mechanical properties of fasteners ISO Metric fine threads
1.6 0.2 1.470 1.355 1.57 3.2
The designation system for property classes (strength grades) of metric fasteners, consists of a symbol comprising two figures. The first figure indicates 1/100 of the 2 0.25 1.838 1.693 2.45 4
2.5 0.35 2.273 2.071 3.70 5
nominal tensile strength in Newtons per square millimetre. The second figure indicates 10 times the ratio between the nominal yield stress and the nominal tensile 3 0.35 2.773 2.571 5.61 5.5
4 0.5 3.675 3.387 9.79 7
strength. Multiplication of the two figures will give 1/10 of the nominal yield stress in newtons per square millimetre. Hence a grade 10.9 fastener has a nominal 5 0.5 4.675 4.387 16.1 8
tensile strength of 1000 N/mm2 (the first figure multiplied by 100) and a nominal yield strength of 900 N/mm2 (both figures multiplied together and by 10). The 6 0.7.5 5.513 5.080 22.0 10
8 1 7.350 6.773 39.2 13
minimum yield stress and the minimum tensile strength are equal to or greater than the nominal values. 10 1.25 9.188 8.466 61.2 17
12 1.25 11.188 10.466 92.1 19
14 1.5 13.026 12.160 125 22
† Nominal values quoted ‡ For grades 8.8 and above a 16 1.5 15.026 14.160 167 24
Strength Grade 3.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 9.8 10.9 12.9 proof stress is specified because of problems measuring yield. 18 1.5 17.026 16.160 216 27
20 1.5 19.026 18.160 272 30
† Yield Stress N/mm 180 240 320 300 400 480 640‡ 720 900 1080 BS6104 Pt. 1 22 1.5 21.026 20.160 333 32
24 2 22.701 21.546 384 36
27 2 25.701 24.546 496 41
Information taken from BS3643: 30 2 28.701 27.546 621 46
Pt 1: 1981 & BS3692: 1967 33 2 31.701 30.546 761 50

Table 2 External INTERNAL THREADS

μT
Threads Steel Threads
Self Zinc Cast Aluminium
Table 6 British Standards - Fine, BSF Table 8 Unified fine threads series, UNF
Thread coeffcient of friction Steel Finish Plated Iron
Nominal Nominal Nominal Stress Nominal Nominal Nominal Stress
0.10 0.12 0.10 0.10
Presented in this table are guideline values for the coefficient of friction of the Dry to to to to Bolt Size TPI Hex A/F Size Area in2 Bolt Size TPI Hex A/F Size Area in2
threads for various surface finish conditions. Upper and lower normal limits are Self Finish 0.16 0.18 0.16 0.20 in in in in
or
shown in the table. Care must be taken to ensure that the values are valid for your Phosphate 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.10 1
/4 26 .445 0.0357 1
/4 28 .4375 0.0368
application. There are a number of effects (such as grease on the threads) which can Treated Oiled to to to to 5
/16 22 .525 0.0568 5
/16 24 .5000 0.0587
0.16 0.18 0.18 0.18
3
/8 20 .600 0.084 3
/8 24 .5625 0.0886
result in the true thread coefficient of friction being outside the range quoted. 7
/16 18 .710 0.1159 7
/16 20 Bolts Nuts 0.1198
0.12 0.12 0.10 0.12 1
/2 16 .820 0.152 1
/2 20 .6250 .7500 .6875 0.1612
*9/16 16 .920 0.1983 *9/16 18 Bolts Nuts 0.205
Dry to to to to .8125 .8750
5
/8 14 1.010 0.2432 5
/8 18 .9375 0.258
Zinc 0.20 0.22 0.17 0.20
1
Certain thread adhesives can generate very high thread friction values. Check 3
/4 12 1.200 0.3525 3
/4 16 1.1250 0.375
Plated 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
7
/8 11 1.300 0.4873 7
/8 14 1.3125 0.513
manufacturer’s data. Oiled 1 10 1.480 0.6418 1 12 1.5000 0.667
to to to to 11
/8 9 1.670 0.8145 11
/8 12 1.6875 0.861
The values are for guidance only, for critical applications the scatter in the coefficient 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.18 11
/4 9 1.860 1.0267 11
/4 12 1.8750 1.078
13
/8 8 2.050 1.237 13
/8 12 2.0625 1.321
of friction must be determined experimentally. Specialist thread lubricants, such a Thread1
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 11
/2 8 2.220 1.496 11
/2 12 2.2500 1.588
to to to to
molybdenum disulphide can reduce thread friction and also frictional scatter, guidance Adhesive
0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 Derived from information taken from BS84: 1956 & BS1083: 1965 Derived from information taken from BS1768 : 1963 & BS1580: 1962
should be sought from manufacturer – for example Molykote. With some materials, * Non preferred size
such as certain types of stainless steel, cold welding can occur resulting in very high
friction values. In such circumstances, specialist thread lubricants may be essential.
Table 7 British Standards - Whitworth, BSW Table 9 Unified coarse thread series, UNC

NOM† HEX* A/F NOM† HEX* A/F Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal
Nominal (BS1093 & BS916 Whitworth Stress Bolt Size TPI Hex A/F Size Stress Area
Table 3 Condition Of Condition of the part clamped by the bolt Bolt Size
in
TPI Obsolete) Large BS190 Area in2 in in in2

μT
in Obsolete
The Bolt Head Steel Surface 20 .4375 0.0324
Zinc Self Cast Aluminium See Note 1
/4 18 .5000 0.0532
Underhead coefficient of friction or Nut
Plated Finish Iron 1
/8 40 – .338 0.008
5
/16
3
/8
16
14
Bolts
.5625 Nuts
0.0786
0.1078
0.16 0.12 0.10
3
/16 24 .338 .445 0.017 7
/16 13
.6250
.7500
.6875
0.1438
As with thread friction the values are for guidance only and care should be exercised in Dry to to to
1
/4 20 .445 .525 0.032 1
/2 12 Bolts Nuts
0.184
5
/16 18 .525 .600 0.0527 9
/16 .8125 .8750
their use. There are a number of effects (such as grease or oil on the surface) which Zinc 0.22 0.20 0.20 3
/8 16 .600 .710 0.0779
11 .9375 0.229
5
/8 10 1.1250 0.338
Plated 7
/16 14 .710 .820 0.1069 3
/4
can result in the true value of underhead friction being outside the range quoted. Finish Slight 0.10 0.10 0.10 1
/2 12 .820 .920 0.1385 7
/8
9 1.3125 0.467
Oil to to to *9/16 8 1.5000 0.612
12 .920 1.010 0.183 1
Gaps in table indicate a lack of available published data. There has been little Applied 0.18 0.18 0.18 5
/8 11 1.010 1.200 0.227 11
/8
7 1.6875 0.771
Mechanical Properties of Fasteners

Mechanical Properties of Fasteners

3
/4 7 1.8750 0.978
information published on the underhead friction coefficient on fasteners being used 10 1.200 1.300 0.336 11
/4 6 2.0625 1.166
0.10 0.10 0.08 7
/8 9 1.300 1.480 0.464 13
/8
Dry 6 2.2500 1.418
on painted surfaces. One study reported that the mean value of underhead friction Self Finish, to to to 1 8 1.480 1.670 0.608 11
/2
Phosphate 0.18 0.18 0.16 11
/8 7 1.670 1.860 0.766
on a painted surface was 0.21 with an extreme range of 0.10 to 0.32. or
11
/4 7 1.860 2.050 0.972
Derived from information taken from BS1768 : 1963 & BS1580: 1962
Slight 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.08 †13/8 6 2.050 2.220 1.159
Black Oxide Oil to to to to 11
/2
Finish 6 2.220 2.410 1.410
Applied 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.20
Derived from information taken from BS84: 1956 & BS1083: 1965
* Non preferred size
†13/8 not listed as a British Standard thread but has previously been quoted as shown by other sources.
Table 10 B.A. (Bristish Association)

Table 4 Nominal
Thread Diameter
Pitch
of the
Pitch
Diameter D2
Minor
Diameter D3
Nominal
Stress
Hexagon
A/F Size British Standard Sizes BA
Nominal
Bolt/Screw Pitch
TPI
Ref
Nom’
Hex
Nom’
Stress
mm Thread mm mm mm Area mm2 mm NO. Dia in mm Only A/F size Area
ISO Metric coarse threads Whitworth in2
1.6 0.35 1.373 1.171 1.27 3.2 The bolt diameters given under the headings “Whitworth” refer to the original large hexagons
2 0.4 1.740 1.509 2.07 4 0 0.2362 1.00 25.400 0.413 0.0317
2.5 0.45 2.208 1.948 3.39 5
for bolts and nuts as specified in BS.28 and BS.190. 1 0.2087 0.90 28.2222 0.365 0.0245
3 0.5 2.675 2.387 5.03 5.5 The table above gives details of Whitworth thread diameters given in BS.28 and BS.190 *2 0.185 0.81 31.3580 0.324 0.0192
4 0.7 3.545 3.141 8.78 7 compared with thread diameters given in BS.916 and BS.1083 which have smaller (S.B.) 3 0.1614 0.73 34.7945 0.282 0.0144
5 0.8 4.480 4.019 14.2 8 *4 0.1417 0.66 38.4849 0.248 0.0110
6 1 5.350 4.773 20.1 10 hexagon heads and nut dimensions for the same size Whitworth thread diameter. 5 0.1260 0.59 43.0508 0.220 0.0087
8 1.25 7.188 6.466 36.6 13 The specifications for Whitworth bolts and nuts according to BS.916 and BS.1083 are identical 6 0.1102 0.53 47.9245 0.193 0.0065
10 1.5 9.026 8.160 58.0 17 with B.S.F. which have not been altered. 7 0.0984 0.48 52.9167 0.172 0.0052
12 1.75 10.863 9.853 84.3 19 8 0.0866 0.43 59.0698 0.152 0.00399
14 2 12.701 11.546 115 22 A typical example would therefore show:- 9 0.0748 0.39 65.1282 0.131 0.00292
16 2 14.701 13.546 157 24 Hexagon 820 in across flats = 7/16 in Whitworth thread dia. (BS.190) or 1/2 in Whitworth (BS) 10 0.0669 0.35 72.5714 0.117 0.00234
18 2.5 16.376 14.933 192 27 and 1/2 in B.S.F. (BS.1083 and 916)
20 2.5 18.376 16.933 245 30 * Preferred sizes for hex headed bolts and screws 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 BA preferred
22 2.5 20.376 18.933 303 32 The British standards quoted above are listed as follows:
24 3 22.051 20.319 353 36 BS.28 Black Hexagon bolts and nuts – Whitworth form thread (Withdrawn) sizes for hex nuts Derived from information taken from BS57: 1951 (obsolete)
27 3 25.051 23.319 459 41 BS.190 Bright Hexagon bolts and nuts – Whitworth form thread (Withdrawn) BS93: 1951 (obsolete) & BS3580: 1964
30 3.5 27.727 25.706 561 46
33 3.5 30.727 28.706 694 50 BS.196 Black Hexagon bolts and nuts – Whitworth form thread (Obsolescent)
36 4 33.402 31.093 817 55 BS.1083 Precision Hexagon bolts and nuts – Whitworth form thread (Obsolescent)
39 4 36.402 34.093 976 60 British “Whitworth” Hexagon Range
42 4.5 39.077 36.479 1121 65 T: +44 (0)1483 892772
45 4.5 42.077 39.479 1306 70 If in doubt always quote the actual aross flats dimension.
48 5 44.752 41.866 1473 75 F: +44 (0)1483 898555
52 5 48.752 45.866 1758 80 MHH Engineering’s substantial experience in the technology of torque tightening enables us
56 5.5 52.428 49.252 2030 85 Sales F: +44 (0)1483 898536
Information taken from BS3643:
60 5.5 56.428 53.252 2362 90 to offer our Customers a unique consultancy service in the design and analysis of bolted joints. Email: sales@torqueleader.co.uk
64 6 60.103 46.639 2676 95
Pt 1: 1981 & BS3692: 1967 68 6 64.103 60.639 3055 100 Please contact us for further details of this service and for a quotation. http: //www.torqueleader.com