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1 – LINEAR MEASUREMENT
In ancient times, the body ruled when it came to measuring. The length of a
foot, the width of a finger, and the distance of a step were all accepted
measurements.
Inch: At first an inch was the width of a man's thumb. In the 14th century,
King Edward II of England ruled that 1 inch equal 3 grains of barley placed
end to end lengthwise.
Span: A span was the length of the hand stretched out, about 9 inches.
Foot: In ancient times, the foot was 111/42 inches. Today it is 12 inches,
the length of the average man's foot.
Yard: A yard was originally the length of a man's belt or girdle, as it was
called. In the 12th century, King Henry I of England fixed the yard as the
distance from his nose to the thumb of his out-stretched arm. Today it is 36
inches, about the distance from nose to out-stretched arm of a man.
Cubit: In ancient Egypt, a cubit was the distance from the elbow to the
fingertips. Today a cubit is 18 inches.
Lick: A Lick was used by the Greeks to measure the distance from the tip of
the thumb to the tip of the index finger.
Pace: The ancient Roman soldiers marched in paces, which were the length
of a double step, about 5 feet; 1,000 paces was a mile. Today, a pace is the
length of one step, 21/2 to 3 feet.
Look up the equivalent values for the two units and then decide whether to
multiply or divide.
1 foot = 12 inches
1 yard = 3 feet or 36 inches
1 mile = 1760 yards or 5280 feet
EXAMPLES:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
For example, to convert 48 feet into yards, look at the table of equivalencies
to find that 1yard equals 3 feet. Divide the number of feet (48) by the
number of feet in 1 yard (3) to find that 48 feet = 16 yards.
EXAMPLES:
Answer: 73 yards
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Today, the metric system is used for many different types of measurements
such as mass, area, volume, density, etc.; however, because the section
being covered deals with linear measurement, this lesson will focus on the
different units of length in the metric system.
As we move down the units, the next unit is one tenth as long. As we
move upward, each unit is 10 times as long.
It is possible to convert units by using the chart below. An easy way to
remember the set-up of the chart is by using the first letter of each unit in a
sentence such as “King Henry Danced Merrily Down Center Main”.
10 3
kilo 10 2
hecto 10 1
deka 10
meter 10 −1
deci 10 −2
10 −3
centi
milli
Step 2: What are you converting to? Move up or down the stair-steps.
Step 4: If you moved DOWN the stair-steps, move the decimal point to
the RIGHT that many steps.
1.4 km = _____ m
Answer: 1400 m
285 mm = _____ m
Answer: 0.285 m
0.03 km = _____cm
Answer: 3000 cm
Examples:
4 cm 4 cm
4 cm
3 cm 3 cm
8 cm
6 cm
7 cm 7 cm
See attached
worksheets for
practice perimeter
problems
3 cm
2cm
2cm 2cm
2cm 2cm
2cm
The radius of a circle is the distance of the center of a circle to any point on
the circumference.
The ancient Greeks discovered that if they divided the circumference of any
circle by the length of its diameter, they always came up with approximately
the same number (3.14).
22 1
The approximate values of π (pi) are , 3 , or 3.14
7 7
EXAMPLES:
Solution: C = 2πr
= (2)(3.14)(2m)
= 12.56 m
Problem: Find the circumference of a circle if the diameter is 6cm
Solution: C = πd
= (3.14)(6cm)
= 18.84 cm
Solution: C = 2πr
= (2)(3.14)(3.5cm)
= 21.98 cm
THE END…FINALLY!
Circumference of Circles
1. 2.
g = 20 yd m = 46 cm
________________ ________________
3. 4.
s = 11 ft e = 4 cm
________________ ________________
5. 6.
s = 10 cm m = 83 m
________________ ________________
7. 8.
g = 13.9 in e = 26.8 mi
________________ ________________
Perimeter
Find the perimeter.
1. 2.
v = 3 ft
e=7m t = 7 ft
f = 13 m r = 12 ft
s=t
_________________
________________
3. 4.
a = 3 ft
The side d of this square is
c = 5 ft
39 yd
b=c
________________
________________
5. 6.
m = 14 yd
All sides equal 7 yd
All sides are equal
________________
________________
7. 8.
v = 4 ft
t = 6 ft The side d of this square is
r = 12 ft 21 m
s=t
________________
________________
9. 10.
e=9m
All sides equal 11 cm
f = 17 m
________________
________________
Metric Conversions
1. 400009 cm = ___________ km
2. 0.00069 km = ____________ mm
3. 828 m = _____________mm
4. 0.125 m = _____________cm
5. 276 km = _____________m
6. 0.26678 m = ____________km
7. 9.651 cm = ____________mm
8. 84322 dm = ___________ m
15. 8 cm = ____________m
Standard Conversions
1. 62.8 yd 1. 4.00009 km
2. 288.88 cm 2. 690 mm
3. 69.08 ft 3. 828000 mm
4. 25.12 cm 4. 12.5 cm
5. 62.8 cm 5. 276000 m
6. 521.24 mi 6. 0.00026678 km
7. 43.646 in 7. 96.51 mm
8. 168.304 mi 8. 843220 m
9. 6000.42 cm
10. 53425.5 mm
11. .0025432 hm
12. 828 m
13. 426 km
14. 0864 mm
15. .008 m
CHRISTI L. ALARCON
JODIE CORDOVA
LYZA DE HOYOS
MARIA ELENA GUTIERREZ
REBECCA IDROGO
Fundamentals of Math II
March 25, 2004