EC2 406006 001 EFE 0121 - Controgen Generator Excitation System Description - Rev - A

CONTROGEN – GENERATOR EXCITATION
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Projects and Customer’s Information:
Rovinari 4 Power Plant

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PAC/E3 L.Jedut J.Koniarek J.Drzazga A4
Document Type Document Status
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Title, Subtitle Identification number
POWER THERMAL CONTROGEN EC2-406006-001-EFE-0121
Power Automation & Controls Generator Excitation Rev. Date Lang. Sheet
A 26.11.2013 En 1/29
System Description
© Copyright ALSTOM 2010 - All rights reserved. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties
without express authority is strictly forbidden
REVISION HISTORY
REV CREATED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY DATE DESCRIPTION STAT.
A L.Jedut J.Koniarek J.Drzazga 26.11.2013 First issue IFR
Originator Identification number Rev. Date Lang. Sheet

ALSTOMPower Automation & Controls EC2-406006-001-EFE-0121 A 26.11.13 En 2/29
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ................................................................................... 4

Section 2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW .............................................................................................. 5
Section 3 DESCRIPTION OF EXCITATION SYSTEM ............................................................. 7
3.1 Main Excitation transformer ...................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Rectifier .................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.3 Static De-Excitation Module with Overvoltage Protection ........................................................................ 7
3.3.1 De-excitation ....................................................................................................................................... 8
3.3.2 Overvoltage protection (Crowbar) ....................................................................................................... 8
3.4 Field flashing ............................................................................................................................................ 9
3.5 Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) ........................................................................................................... 9
3.6 Excitation digital protection ..................................................................................................................... 10
Section 4 REGULATOR HARDWARE DESCRIPTION ......................................................... 11
4.1 Typical regulator rack arrangement........................................................................................................ 13
4.2 Power supply .......................................................................................................................................... 13
4.3 Central Process Unit............................................................................................................................... 13
4.4 Gate driver .............................................................................................................................................. 13
Section 5 FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY THE ALSPA CONTROGEN REGULATOR......... 15
5.1 Control functions..................................................................................................................................... 15
5.1.1 Automatic Voltage regulator .............................................................................................................. 15
5.1.2 Current control in manual mode ........................................................................................................ 15
5.1.3 Reactive Power or Power factor control ............................................................................................ 15
5.1.4 Power System Stabiliser: .................................................................................................................. 16
5.2 Limitation functions ................................................................................................................................. 17
5.2.1 V/Hz limitation: .................................................................................................................................. 17
5.2.2 Under-excitation limitation ................................................................................................................. 17
5.2.3 Over-excitation limitation ................................................................................................................... 18
5.2.4 Rotor temperature calculation: .......................................................................................................... 19
5.2.5 Droop ................................................................................................................................................. 19
5.3 Sequences functions .............................................................................................................................. 20
Section 6 COMMISSIONING & MAINTENANCE TOOLS...................................................... 21
6.1 Local Control Panel ................................................................................................................................ 21
6.2 Controcad ............................................................................................................................................... 23
Section 7 INTERFACE CAPABILITIES ................................................................................. 26
7.1 Communication links. ............................................................................................................................. 26
7.2 Inputs/Outputs ........................................................................................................................................ 26
Section 8 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS........................................................................ 27
8.1 Technical data ........................................................................................................................................ 27
8.2 Certification ............................................................................................................................................. 29
8.3 Environmental standards ........................................................................................................................ 29

Section 1 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
• EC2-406006-001-EDA-0101 – General Schematic Diagram

• EC2-406006-001-EMA-0102 – Wiring Diagram
• EC2-406006-001-EMA-0106 – Excitation Equipment Interfaces
• EC2-406006-001-EPB-0104 – List of Apparatus
• EC2-406006-001-EED-0170 – Excitation Equipment Design Drawing
• EC2-406006-001-EED-0180 – Excitation Transformer Dimensional Drawing

Section 2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
ALSTOM Power has a proven and worldwide experience in power generation Control
Systems, with more than 3000 automatic voltage regulator (AVR) delivered in the last 40
years, in Nuclear, Thermal and Hydroelectric power plants. Taking advantage of its know-
how and its experience, ALSTOM Power has developed a comprehensive machine control
system that comprised the ALSPA® Controgen™.
The excitation control system provides excitation power along regulation and control for
a synchronous machine.
Excitation control is based on a digital AVR, which controls the firing of rectifiers in order to
supply the generator with variable field current.
Product range
The ALSPA® Controgen™ regulator is specially dedicated to the excitation regulation of
AC generators and motors. It is compliant with the latest revision of standards IEEE 421.2
“Guide for identification testing and evaluation of the dynamic performance of excitation
control systems” and IEEE 421.5 “Recommended practice for excitation system models for
power system stability studies”.
It is designed to manage all types of excitation systems (static, brushless, DC exciters)
and can be applied to any kind of power generation applications (steam, hydraulic, diesel
and gas turbines), from small units to large energy generators, new and refurbishment
projects.
Modular conception
The equipment can be configured according to the requirements of the control system.
There are many possible configurations (two redundant regulators, automatic/manual
channels…) and the number of rectifier bridges depends on the field current to be supplied
to the generator.
That modular design results in increased reliability since single or multiple converters can
run with single or multi channeled digital controllers.
A communication-oriented product
Totally digital in design, the ALSPA Controgen regulator combines very high performance
level, easy programming and flexibility. Based on an Industrial Automation Digital Product
of world-wide diffusion, it associates standard “off the shelf” modules to specific ones
designed for dedicated functions and guarantees an optimum reliability and sustainable
production of this regulator.
It is wide open to communication thanks to the Modbus and Ethernet links connected to
the controller, and can be controlled from Distributed Control Systems (DCS), dedicated
operator stations, local operator terminal or from conventional panels.

System outfit and space occupation
Excitation equipment cubicles
The excitation system hardware is housed in a single sturdy and compact cubicle. The
regulator design avoids any wiring faults and ensures EMC performance. For access to
the components, the cubicle has doors on the both sides. Removable panels are fitted on
the lateral and back sides of the cubicle, for access to the internal connections and
busbars. Openings are provided on the top for the ventilation of the power components.
If it is possible the excitation system cubicles shall be placed in air-conditioned, dust free
room with max temperature 40 °C and humidity max 80 %. There shall not be any closed
steelwork near AC connections to the excitation.
Rectifier cubicles
Dimensions of the cubicle : 3800*1200*2400 mm
Weight : ca. 3200 kg
Free area around the cubicle : 1500mm minimum (front side);
Automatic voltage regulator cubicle:

Weight : ca. 400 kg
De-excitation cubicle:
Weight : ca. 1200 kg

Section 3 DESCRIPTION OF EXCITATION SYSTEM
The main components of the excitation system are excitation transformer, rectifier bridges,
de-excitation unit, overvoltage protection, field flashing unit, automatic voltage regulator
(AVR). For overview please refer to document EC2-406006-001-EDA-0101 - Schematic
Diagram for excitation system.
3.1 Main Excitation transformer
Three-phase, cast resin excitation transformer of vector group Yd5 is connected from high
voltage side directly to 24 kV generator bus bars and from low voltage side to excitation
system through LV busducts. The connection of HV and LV terminals of the transformer
are located on the top of transformer enclosure.
Excitation transformer is protected against over-temperature using PTC sensors located at
the top of each LV coil. Current transformers are installed on HV terminals of transformer.
The transformer cooling type is AN.
Class of insulation is F/F.
Excitation transformer is designed for maximum ambient temperature of 45oC.
The transformer is equipped with an enclosure IP21.
3.2 Rectifier
The excitation system consists of 3 modular rectifiers units. Each unit is a fully controlled
six-pulse rectifier bridge with disc type thyristors.
For attaining redundancy the excitation is designed that way that one complete rectifier
unit can fail and system is still running with its full efficiency (n-1 configuration).
Each thyristor is protected by its own fuse with microswitch for indication of a blown fuse.
Each rectifier includes a snubber circuit (RC-circuit), for damping of overvoltages.
The thyristors are forced air cooled with two sets of fans for each rectifier unit for
redundancy. The air flow is supervised by an air flow sensor. The part of excitation
cubicles for cold air inlet will be fitted with filters, preventing the dust from entering inside
excitation cubicles.
3.3 Static De-Excitation Module with Overvoltage Protection
The de-excitation module consists of four thyristors with RC network and control boards for
generation of the firing pulses to the corresponding thyristors. The type of the thyristors is
adapted to the maximum field current of the unit. For protection of the rotor circuit against
overvoltage, redundant BODs (Break Over Diode) are built in, which give a firing pulse to
the thyristor gate without external control. For the purpose of de-excitation with DC
breaker, an external control for the firing of the thyristor is built on the PCB (Printed Circuit
Board).

3.3.1 De-excitation
A fast de-excitation of the synchronous machine is necessary in order to limit the damage
in case of internal faults, which cannot be switched off by tripping the generator breaker. It
is therefore important to rapidly eliminate the source voltage, which drives the fault current.
The result is a forced suppression of air gap flux of the generator and of the field current.
The above is achieved by separating thyristor bridges from generator rotor by means of
single-pole DC breaker and connecting generator rotor to field discharge resistor
controlled by thyristor.
The thyristor T2 is triggered by a relay contact. Triggering is achieved by energising the
relay by the control together with the de-excitation order. For triggering of the thyristors the
gate - anode voltage is used.
3.3.2 Overvoltage protection (Crowbar)
Set of resistors is connected through thyristors to the rotor windings, in order to a rapid
reduction of the excitation current in case of overvoltage caused by a short-circuit across
the terminals of the generator. Since the overvoltage can be positive or negative, this
protection is performed by means of two thyristors T1 and T2 connected in antiparallel.
The crowbar needs no control from the voltage regulator because of an independent
special control board for thyristor control without any external power supply. When the
crowbar is actuated, the rectifier bridges of the excitation system are forced to inverter
mode additionally.

3.4 Field flashing
In shunt supplied excitation circuits (excitation transformer connected to the generator

terminals), the generator does not have enough magnetic remanence for a generator
voltage build-up via converter. In this case a field flashing circuit is provided. It consists of
the field flashing contactor, the diode modules and resistor, used to adapt the auxiliary
input voltage 220V DC to the voltage level needed for field flashing. Because the field
flashing contactor is not able, to switch off the energy stored in the field, the control
ensures, that the contactor can only reopen, if the converter has taken over the field
current, or in case of failure, if the DC breaker has already opened.
3.5 Automatic voltage regulator (AVR)
Totally digital in design, Controgen AVR is specially dedicated to the excitation regulation
of AC generators.
The system consists of two identical digital voltage regulators, both with an integrated FCR
(Field Current Regulator). Each controller has its own power supply and its own digital
thyristor-firing module. A failure of the active regulator causes the system to change over
to the stand-by controller. A tracking function allows a smooth transfer from one to the
other.
The system consists of two identical channels, each one being constituted of a digital
voltage regulator (AVR) with its own power supply and its own thyristor firing module. The
two identical digital regulators, normal and stand-by, integrate both a FCR (Field Current
Regulator). A failure of the Active channel switches over the system to the Stand-by
channel. Follow up in both ways provides smooth transfer between the regulators.

AVR / FCR N°1 Gate driver
Valid
Local control
Panel
   
Uc signal Valid
E8000 – Redundant Internal Bus
UG
Valid
IG
IF
Valid
AVR / FCR N°2 Valid
Up to 6 Power Bridges
in parallel
Uc signal
UG
IG
IF
General overview of N-1 Bridge structure
This redundant structure guarantees the best availability of the power generation, with
automatic regulation and integrated FCR. The power converters are designed to flow
continuously 110% of the rated current and the transient ceiling current every 15 minutes
with one power converter out of order.
3 power converters are installed in parallel and each power converter has its own pulse
amplifier card with a pulse fault detection function. In case of one converter failure, the
power converter in trouble is blocked. Redundancy is achieved by the fact, that failure of
one converter does not limit the system capacity.
3.6 Excitation digital protection
Excitation equipment are protected by protection relays using by ABB Company.

Section 4 REGULATOR HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
The Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) controls the generator output voltage so as to
improve the generator's operational stability and keep it within its working limits. The AVR
is a digital type and the regulation loops are processed by a CPU board. Several specific
boards are connected to the main CPU board to perform electrical Input / Output functions
(both logic and analogue).
The input/output boards are linked to terminal plates (for user connections) by means of
ribbon cables connected in front of the I/O boards.
LEDs in front of the electronics boards indicate the status of the board itself and/or the
corresponding I/Os.
The main available electronic boards, according to the regulator type, are the following:
Name of board Description of the electronic board
CP1485-1 Central Processing Unit
IF1082 Ethernet powerlink interface module
ZF0001 Alstom ID module
AO4632 Analogue output module, 4 outputs, +/- 10 V, 0.. 20 mA
DI9371 Digital input module, 12 inputs, 24VDC
DO9322 Digital output module, 12 outputs, 24VDC
AI4632.1 Analogue input module, 4 inputs, +/- 11 V, 0..22 mA
TB12 Terminal block 12 pins (for each module)
BM11 Bus module (for each module)
BC0087 Bus controller field bus interface TCP/IP
PS9400 Supply module for bus controller
BB80 Bus base for bus controller and supply module
AT4222 4 inputs for resistance temperature measurement
PMF175 Measurement filtering module
TPI163 Interface for scaling the stator VTs & CTs

Name of board Description of the electronic board
LCP Local control panel
FL SWITCH LM8TX Ethernet Switch
HUB 8TX-ZF Ethernet Hub
TPA213 Thyristor pulse amplifier board
TPC215 Thyristor pulse controller module
TTM211 Thyristor gate controller board
TPT214 Thyristor pulse transformer board
PWM170 IGBT controller board
Conduction monitoring module

SUCO (insulation test voltage < 4 kV)
IEX164 + MDEX Diode fault detection board
RS232 Modbus Protocol converter Serial RS-232 Device Server for 10/100 BASE-T(X)
RS485 Modbus Protocol converter Serial RS-485 Device Server for 10/100 BASE-T(X)
PS8002 Power supply for E8000 connection module
BB82 Bus Base for E8000 modules
HB8884 E8000 Ethernet selector
HB2885 E8000 Ethernet hub
RT2 TX/FX Fiber /copper Ethernet converter
ILPH Fiber Optic / copper RS485 converter board
Meinberg GPS LAN TIME SERVER GPS clock synchronizing

4.1 Typical regulator rack arrangement
IF1082 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12
ZF001 AO AO DI DI DO DO AI AI AI
CP1485
BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11
Typical distributed IO arrangement

Regulator IOs:
TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12
BC0087 PS9400 AI … AI AT AO … AO DI …. DI DO …. DO
BB80 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11
Bridge IOs :
TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12

BC0087 PS9400 DI …. DI DO …. DO
BB80 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11
4.2 Power supply
Power supply redundancy is performed by a double source in order to provide

reliable control power, one from the plant DC batteries (separate DC battery for each
AVR channel) and the other from the excitation transformer secondary (over auxiliary
transformers in excitation cubicles). As a result, the control power supply is
guaranteed independently of the machine speed or terminal voltage. For overview
please refer to document EC2-406006-001-EDA-0101 - General Schematic Diagram.
4.3 Central Process Unit
The CPU is the core of the digital regulator and is needed to carry out any software
application such as measurement treatment, calculation, or output signal generation.
The CPU has a Celeron microprocessor with a 400 MHz clock.
The user program capacity is typically of 64 Megabytes of RAM Memory, and
2 Megabyte of additional Flash Memory.
4.4 Gate driver
Each regulator has its dedicated gate driver. This module receives the output signal
(Uc) sent by the ALSPA Controgen, elaborates and amplifies the firing pulses for the
thyristors.

Typical regulator architecture arrangement
Standalone regulator:
Terminal TPI163 Current and voltage
bloc & measurement
4-20
mA TTM211
Thyristor Gate
Controller
Serial link to TTM211
Maintenance link
CU/ fiber Optic DCS

serial link Terminal
Pulses bus
Remote IO link
(Modbus TCP) bloc
Protocol
(IF3)
converter
Pulse IO
Option : DCS coupler Amplifier Regulator
Modbus TCP/IP
Thyristor
bridge
TPA213
orTPC215
/ IO
PC Bridge
CCAD Hub
Switch
TPA213 or
Redundancy
link (IF2)
TPC215 /
Switch
TPT214
IO
Bridge
CU/ fiber Optic DCS
serial link
Maintenance link
TPA213
Protocol orTPC215 /
converter
TPT214
IO
Option : DCS coupler
(IF3)
Bridge
Modbus TCP/IP
Remote IO
link (Modbus
Terminal TPI163 Current and voltage

& measurement
bloc

Section 5 FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY THE ALSPA CONTROGEN
REGULATOR
5.1 Control functions
5.1.1 Automatic Voltage regulator
Excitation control is based on a digital automatic voltage regulator (AVR), which controls
the firing of rectifier in order to match stator voltage reference.
5.1.2 Current control in manual mode
The manual control function of the CONTROGEN AVR is used as back up mode in case of
stator voltage measurement fault or in case of Automatic Control trouble.
It is also used for commissioning or maintenance purpose.
Follow up systems are foreseen to have bumpless auto/manual and manual/automatic
transfer.
5.1.3 Reactive Power or Power factor control
The reactive power control is superimposed control that elaborates a reference that is
added to the normal voltage set point.
The reactive power control can be influenced by the active power: Q=Q0+Tg ϕ0*P.
Q0 is adjustable through external logic commands Raise/Lower. Tg ϕ0*P – correction term
linked to the active power.
Reactive Power Control in the P/Q diagram.

5.1.4 Power System Stabiliser:
The aim of this system is to smooth rotor oscillations by elaborating a signal, which acts
against the angle variation (= load angle + grid angle).
A dual input PSS, so-called PSS 2A or 2B according to the IEEE Std 421.5 will be
implemented. Its input signal is the integral of the accelerating power. It is calculated from
the speed and an integral of electrical power, using the mechanical model of the shaft line,
linked to its inertia.
The main components of the PSS function are:
The high-pass filters (so-called washout filters) are classically used on the PSS input
signals. They eliminate their DC component.
The lead-lag filters introduce the necessary phase compensation in the frequency range,
in which the PSS shall have a positive damping effect.
The PSS gain
The PSS output limitation that avoids too strong action of the PSS in case of large
disturbances.
PSS Function realized in the CONTROGEN AVR, PSS 2A according to IEEE 421.1

5.2 Limitation functions
5.2.1 V/Hz limitation:
The limitation function consists in replacing the voltage set point by the output of a
minimum or maximum U/F ratio selector circuit.
The maximum and minimum U/F values are pre-adjusted and the maximum frequency is
limited by a pre-adjusted value.
V/Hz limitation characteristic
5.2.2 Under-excitation limitation
This function is designed to work out a reactive power absorption limiting signal in order to
keep the generator within its stable operating range.
The function integrates two independent types of limitation, allowing a good adjustment of
the limitation according to the reactive power capability curve of the machine:
The first loop works on the reactive power signal preventing its value to decrease below a
minimum negative value. The reactive power limit is designed thanks to an adjustable
three segments line in generator capability curves (P-Q diagram).
The second loop works on the field current signal keeping it above a minimum value.
When the limitation loop input signal becomes lower than its permitted minimum value, the
corresponding Integral-Proportional regulator generates a voltage output signal. This
output signal is substituted to the actual stator voltage set-point in order to maintain either
the reactive power or the field current equal to its minimum allowed value. Then the
requested stator voltage set-point is no more realised.
This structure allows to keep the PSS in operation at every time.

5.2.3 Over-excitation limitation
The over-excitation limitation aims to obtain a maximum operation of the generator

according to the rotor heating.
Principle of the limitation function, in inverse time mode
In inverse time mode, the maximum permanent excitation current (ITHERM) can be
exceeded for a time depending on the value reached by the excitation current. The over
excitation time depends on (ITHERM ² - IF²). The ceiling current is, in all cases, the
maximum limit.
The function limits, in AUTO mode, the rotor current in order to avoid generator
overheating. The limitation includes two different functions.
• The thermal limitation allows excitation current to be greater than the permanent
thermal excitation current for a defined duration linked to the generator overheating
limits. So the function acts during grid faults where the machine is solicited for
contribution to grid stability keeping, and ensures that the machine will not suffer
from overheating damages.
• The ceiling limitation prevents the excitation current from increasing above the
ceiling current of the machine.
Thermal limitation:
The thermal limitation is a proportional and integral function. It controls the generator field
current.
Two possibilities are available for the calculation of the limitation reference. But when the
limitation is not active, its set-point is normally adjusted to the ceiling reference value
allowing high field current.
Instantaneous limitation

An instantaneous logic calculation determines the reference of the limitation.
When the field current increases above the permanent reference value, this over-current is
allowed for a fixed time delay. This time delay is specified by the generator constructor,
and corresponds to the allowed time for ceiling current application. After this time delay, if
the field current is still above the permanent reference value, then the limitation set point is
reduced down to the permanent reference value.
The return to the initial value of the limitation reference is again possible instantaneously
when the field current stays under a lower value (proportional to the permanent reference
value) for a specified duration.
Inverse time limitation
An inverse time calculation determines the reference of the limitation:
In this case, the limitation set-point decreases from its maximal reference value to the
permanent reference value according to the overheating of the rotor. The limitation
reference takes into account the level of the actual excitation current and the decrease is
slaved to the gap between the excitation current value and the permanent reference value.
The return to the ceiling reference value is also gradual.
Ceiling limitation:
The set point of the ceiling limitation is adjusted to the permitted ceiling current value and
the field current controlled by a PID function.
The output signal over-rides the AVR output.
5.2.4 Rotor temperature calculation:
This function calculates the mean temperature of the rotor winding, from the measurement
of the excitation voltage and current. The temperature is estimated according to the
IEC34-1 rule. Thus, the following equation is used for copper windings:
.(To + 242 ) − 242 with R =

R Excitation _ Voltage
T° =
Ro Excitation _ Current
5.2.5 Droop
Two kinds of droop function are available :

• An active and reactive compensation function,
• A frequency droop function.
The active and reactive compensation function allows to operate several generators either
connected directly in parallel (negative compensation gain), or to compensate the line
voltage drop (positive compensation gain) through the Main Transformer.
This function generates a corrective term added to the voltage set point, proportional to the
actual active and reactive stator current. The correction gains can be set from -20% to
+10%.

The frequency droop function allows increasing the generating unit stability when
operating in a local area isolated network.
With this function acting on the voltage set point, the stator voltage is increased as a
function of increasing frequency, within a limited range. The correction gain can be set
from 0% to 5%.
5.3 Sequences functions
Following sequences are available within ALSPA Controgen:

• Automatic voltage built up with progressive voltage raise (soft start),
• Calculation of the field winding temperature,
• Supervision of generator measuring voltage for the voltage regulator,
• Voltage balance of potential transformer (F60 function as per IEEE C37.2 199),
• Field flashing sequence in case of self-excited generator,
• Local information through a digital control panel connected to the regulator,
including detailed alarms and P-Q diagram display,
• Excitation logic sequences, (field breaker control, bridge control, start, stop).
• Reactive Power Annulment to limit the interrupting current of the main circuit
breaker,

Section 6 COMMISSIONING & MAINTENANCE TOOLS
6.1 Local Control Panel
The regulator is supplied with a user-friendly defined

Local Control Panel (LCP).
This graphical colour touch screen terminal is installed
in the front door of the excitation cubicle.
The displays are available in four languages: English,    
French, German and Spanish.

Different levels of access are available:
• Display level,
• Operator level (Local commands), Gate driver
module
• Maintenance level (Local commands and
parameters setting).
The Local Control Panel allows for the main excitation control and display (e.g. Field
breaker command and status, AUTO/Manu mode change-over commands and status,
Voltage/Reactive Power/Tan Phi control selection and status, excitation raise or lower
commands).
It also displays the main measured and regulated values.

The Local Control Panel may also help in operation of the generator with the dynamic
display of the P-Q diagram :
To help maintenance of the excitation system, the following information is available within
the Local Control Panel:
• Current alarms (the current faults are also available on Modbus link or E8000 bus),
• History of the different alarms,
• Maintenance overview with status of different regulators and links.
During commissioning, all the regulator parameters can be configured through the Local
Control Panel.
A single software (ControCad) fully installed in a PC (Notebook or station) is available for
easy maintenance.
After the connection to the AVR, all the parameters are accessible for display and setting.

6.2 Controcad
For easy maintenance, a specific dedicated software named ControCad is available.

CONTROCAD
Pulse
Generator
   
Parameters
download TTM211
and backup Thyristor
Triggering
module
Displays ALSPA
CONTROGEN
Dynamic
adjustments
This software performs the following functions:

• Display and setting
of ALSPA Controgen
parameters,
• Uploading and backup
of the parameters,
• Program loading,
• On-line Display and
Diagnostics,
• Specific display screens for curves of any internal ALSPA Controgen variable,

Disturbance recorder management: up to 4 events containing 9 analogues and 16 logical
values can be recorded. The variables to be recorded are chosen by users among internal
ALSPA Controgen variable and can be recorded at the regulator cycle time. The
disturbance recorder is triggered on its three entries user defined trigger equation or by
manual trigger. This last possibility is most interesting since it enables the recording of
data about unexpected transitory events, which would not be possible without a triggered
measurement system. The behaviour of the network and especially of the generator could
therefore be monitored and recorded to further analysis.
Recorded channels
Manual Trigger or Trigger equation

Program modification: can be particularly useful at the commissioning stage to adapt
interfaces and adjust the operation of the system. This tool includes all the functionalities
of ControCad loader tool and allows the evolution of software logical sequence or
interface.

Section 7 INTERFACE CAPABILITIES
7.1 Communication links.
• Redundant Ethernet optical fibre link with Modbus TCP protocol for connection with
Controsteam turbine controller (Standalone AVR regulator architecture),
• To provide excitation system separate and independent of any other control
systems, the connection between AVR and DCS will be Hard Wired. For details
please refer to document Excitation System Interfaces IC2-406009-001-EMA-0106
– Excitation System Interfaces.
7.2 Inputs/Outputs
The ALSPA Controgen offers different types of inputs and outputs (analogue and digital)
for logical and regulation sequences.
For regulation, a dedicated card is performing from the generator measurement the
following calculation :
• The three individual line to line Voltages,
• The three individual line Currents,
• R.M.S. Stator Voltage,
• R.M.S. Stator Current,
• Active Power,
• Reactive Power,
• PSS2B corrective term,
• Frequency,
• Current and voltage status measurement monitoring.
An internal bus is used within the excitation cubicle to issue and gather the main
information for control and maintenance of the excitation equipment.
Logic Inputs :
The logic inputs are polarised by the internal 24 VDC generated in the excitation control
cubicle. They are insulated by optic couplers in order to reduce noise and for channel to
channel insulation. Light-emitting diodes indicate the status of each input.
Logic Outputs :
The logic outputs are potential free. The outputs are isolated for external use with
interposing relays.

Section 8 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
8.1 Technical data
Rated field voltage : 402V

Rated field current : 2610A
Ceiling : 2
Ceiling time : 4sec (10sec)
Heat losses: 13 kW
The excitation system will be detached to three parts. The first one contains:
CUG10 AVR cubicle, with control cables entrance from top.
The second one contains:
CUG20 DC Terminal (Output)
CUG21, 22, 23 Rectifier cubicles, AC input (connection from top) cubicle.
The third part contains:
CUG40, 41 De-excitation circuit, DC input and output (connection from top),
control and power supply cable entrance from bottom.
For details please refer to EC2-406006-001-EED-0170 – Excitation Equipment Design
Drawing.
Required power supply for AVR cubicle (CUG10):

2x 220VDC; 1kW perm. (excitation system supply from batteries),
1x 230VAC; 0,5kVA, 50 Hz (lighting, heating supply).
Required power supply for Rectifier cubicles (CUG20, CUG21, CUG22, CUG23):
2x 220VDC; 1kW perm., 4kW –1sek. ,
1x 230VAC; 2kVA, 50 Hz (lighting, heating supply).
Required power supply for de-excitation cubicles (CUG40, CUG41):

1x 220V DC; 7.0kVA, 3x15sek/1h (field flashing supply),
For details please refer to EC2-406006-001-EMA-0106– Excitation Equipment Interface.

Response time :
Response time of the whole system : 20 ms as per IEEE Std 421.2 1990
(including power converter at 50 Hz)
Regulator :
- Auxiliary voltage supply for the regulator: 18 to 30 Vdc – 40W
- Analogue Inputs : 4-20 mA
- Logic Inputs : 24 Vdc
- Analogue Outputs : 4-20 mA
- Logic Outputs : Potential free contacts
2 Amps, up to 250 V ac/dc
Frequency measure :
- Nominal variable range : +/- 10%
- Nominal value, Fn : 50 or 60 Hz
- Nominal frequency range : 40 Hz < f < 70 Hz
- Accuracy : +/- 0.15 % of the nominal value
+/- 0.1 Hz below 40 Hz
+/- 0.2 Hz above 70 Hz
- Frequency measure range : from 5% to 150% Fn
Voltage Measure :
- Stator nominal voltage measure, Un : 3 x 100 to 120 Vac
- Accuracy : 0.15 % Un in the range 40 … 70 Hz
- Validity range : 0 to 150 % Un, up to 90 Hz.
- Maximum steady state value : 110 % Un
- Maximum repetitive value : 150 % Un
- Maximum occasional value : 250 % Un
Current Measure :
- Stator nominal current measure, In : 3 x 1 or 5 Amps
- Accuracy : 0.15 % Un in the range 40 … 70 Hz
- Validity range : 0 to 200 % In, up to 90 Hz.
- Maximum steady state value : 110 % In
- Maximum occasional value : 500 % In

8.2 Certification
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Quality Assurance in
Design/Development, Certification by Lloyd’s Register Quality
ISO9001
Production, Installation and Assurance
Servicing
European EMC and Low Certification by Competent Body for EMC Directive
CE Mark ÁÁ
Voltage Directives ÁÁÁÁ for selected modules
8.3 Environmental standards
Environmental
1g at 57-150 Hz, 5 microns
Vibration IEC60068–2–6
(0.012 in) p-p at 10-57 Hz
Shock IEC60068–2–27 15 g, 11 ms
Normal operation 23°C ( °F)
Operating Temperature Maximum 0 to 55°C (32 to 131°F) inside cubicle
Maximum 0 to 40°C (32 to 104 °F) outside
cubicle
Storage Temperature – 40°C to + 85°C (–40°F to +185°F)
Humidity 5 to 95 % non-condensing
Enclosure Protection IEC 529 Steel cabinet per IP31
EMC Emissions EN50081-2
CISPR 11/EN Industrial Scientific & Medical Equipment (Group
55011 1, Class A)
Radiated, Conducted CISPR 22/EN Information Technology Equipment (Class A)
55022 referred to as FCC part 15, “Radio Devices”
47 CFR 15 (Class A)
EMC Immunity EN50082-2 (applies to CE Marked modules)
Electrostatic Discharge EN 61000–4–2 8 kV Air, 4 kV Contact
RF susceptibility EN 61000–4–3 10 Vrms/m, 80 to 1000 MHz, 80% AM
2 kV : power supplies, 1kV : I/O and other
Fast Transient Burst EN 61000–4–4
communication lines
Damped Oscillatory Wave 1MHz, rep. rate 400Hz
ANSI/IEEE
:
C37.90a
2.5 kV (CM & DM) power supplies,
Damped Oscillatory Wave
2.5 kV (CM) I/O (12 V–240 V)
IEC255–4
Damped Oscillatory Wave : class II
power supplies, I/O (12 V–240 V)
2 kV CM ; 1 kV CM for power supply and 0,5KV
Voltage Surge EN 61000–4–5
for other signals
Conducted RF EN 61000–4–6 10Vrms, 150 kHz to 80 MHz, 80% AM
Á Isolation
Level defined by the voltage of the circuit :
IEC 60034-1
Dielectric Withstand 4.5 kV for pulse transformer, 2.0 kV for circuit
IEC 60439-1
powered at 60 to 300V.
Power Supply
During Operation : Dips to 30% and 100%
Voltage Dips, Variations EN 61000–4–11 (100ms)
Variation for AC=±10%, Variation for DC=±20%


EC2 406006 001 EFE 0121 - Controgen Generator Excitation System Description - Rev - A

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EC2 406006 001 EFE 0121 - Controgen Generator Excitation System Description - Rev - A

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CONTROGEN – GENERATOR EXCITATION

Rovinari 4 Power Plant

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REV CREATED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY DATE DESCRIPTION STAT.

A L.Jedut J.Koniarek J.Drzazga 26.11.2013 First issue IFR

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Section 1 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ................................................................................... 4

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• EC2-406006-001-EDA-0101 – General Schematic Diagram

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Excitation equipment cubicles

Automatic voltage regulator cubicle:

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3.1 Main Excitation transformer

3.3 Static De-Excitation Module with Overvoltage Protection

Originator Identification number Rev. Date Lang. Sheet

3.3.2 Overvoltage protection (Crowbar)

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In shunt supplied excitation circuits (excitation transformer connected to the generator

3.5 Automatic voltage regulator (AVR)

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General overview of N-1 Bridge structure

3.6 Excitation digital protection

Excitation equipment are protected by protection relays using by ABB Company.

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Name of board Description of the electronic board

CP1485-1 Central Processing Unit

IF1082 Ethernet powerlink interface module

ZF0001 Alstom ID module

AO4632 Analogue output module, 4 outputs, +/- 10 V, 0.. 20 mA

DI9371 Digital input module, 12 inputs, 24VDC

DO9322 Digital output module, 12 outputs, 24VDC

AI4632.1 Analogue input module, 4 inputs, +/- 11 V, 0..22 mA

TB12 Terminal block 12 pins (for each module)

BM11 Bus module (for each module)

BC0087 Bus controller field bus interface TCP/IP

PS9400 Supply module for bus controller

BB80 Bus base for bus controller and supply module

AT4222 4 inputs for resistance temperature measurement

PMF175 Measurement filtering module

TPI163 Interface for scaling the stator VTs & CTs

Originator Identification number Rev. Date Lang. Sheet

LCP Local control panel

FL SWITCH LM8TX Ethernet Switch

HUB 8TX-ZF Ethernet Hub

TPA213 Thyristor pulse amplifier board

TPC215 Thyristor pulse controller module

TTM211 Thyristor gate controller board

TPT214 Thyristor pulse transformer board

PWM170 IGBT controller board

Conduction monitoring module

IEX164 + MDEX Diode fault detection board

PS8002 Power supply for E8000 connection module

BB82 Bus Base for E8000 modules

HB8884 E8000 Ethernet selector

HB2885 E8000 Ethernet hub

RT2 TX/FX Fiber /copper Ethernet converter

ILPH Fiber Optic / copper RS485 converter board