GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.

00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

Design of Concrete Slab Bridge

1.0 Design Data

1.10 General
Project- GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT
Client - ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY
Clear Span(m)- 10 m

Skew Angle(Degree)- 0

Consultant -Core Consulting engineers

Designed By-

Case -Statical calculation

Span C/C Support= 10.415 m

Clear Bridge Width= 7.3 m

Number Of Lanes= 2
Optional
Face of railing to End of span= 0.4 m

Multiple presence Factor = 1

Rear Axle Load= 145 KN

P= 72.5 KN
Lane Load in the Transverse Direction= 9.3 KN/m2

Design Tandum Axle Load= 110 KN

Wearing Surface= 1.1 KN/m2

1.20 Material Property

Type Of Concrete: C-25

f'c= 25 Mpa

fc= 10 Mpa

Density of Concrete γc= 24 KN/m3

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

Ec=0.043*γc*SQRT(fc)
25278.7341 Mpa

Reinforcement:

Diam>=20mm fy= 400 Mpa

fs= 160 Mpa

Diam<20mm fy= 276 Mpa

fs= 138 Mpa

Es= 200000 Mpa

Modular Ratio,n=Es/Ec= 7.91

Take n= Use the
8 Nearest Integer

1.30 Load and Resistance Factors

moment=φ 0.9

shear=φ 0.85

Dead Load limit state factor= 1.25

Live Load Limit state facctor= 1.75

Dead Load Service Limit State factor= 1.00

Live load service limit state factor= 1.30

Fatigue Live Load Factor= 0.75

1.40 Dyanmic impact allowance

Fatigue and Fracture 15 %

All other Limit state 33 %

Specifcation Used -ERA Bridge Design Manual 2002/AASHTO LRFD BridgeDesign Spec.1998

Design Method : Load and Resistance Factor Method(LRFD)

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

2.0 Loading

Depth determination

Minimum recommended depth for slab=D=1.2*(S+3000)/30 536.6 mm

C/C of span 10.415 m Use D= 550 mm

S is span = min
or d=D-cover-Φ/2= 510 mm

Clear span+d 10.509 m

span= 10.415 mm
1.0 Live Load strips

a)Interior strip

i) One Lane Loaded

E=250+0.42*√L1W1= 4107.64 mm Art.4.6.2.3

L1=min 10415 mm
then L1= 10415 mm

18000 mm

W1=min 8100 mm
then L1= 8100 mm

9000 mm

ii) Two Lane Loaded

W1=min 8100 mm 8100 mm
E=2100+0.12*√W1L1<=W/NL
18000 mm Art.4.6.2.3
= 3202.182 < 4050
NL= number of lanes=int(clear roadway/3600)

= 2
Use E=min(onelane,two lane)= 3202.18 mm

Distributed loads

Truck=P/E=145/E= 45.28 KN/m P/E=35/E= 10.93 KN/m

Tandem=P/E=110/E= 34.35 KN/m

Lane=W/E= 2.90 KN/m

b) Edge strip

distance between edge to face of barrier+300+1/2*strip width= 2301.1 mm

E= min
1800 mm Art.4.6.2.3

E= 1800.0 mm

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

1.1 Shear and moment due to Track Loading

Influence Line for maximum Bending moments

XY/L

X Y

4.3 4.3 laod case 1

4.3 4.3 Load case 2

Case 1
M(x)=72.5XY/L+72.5X(Y-4.3)/L+17.5x(Y-8.6)/L

M(x)=72.5XY/L*(2.24-6.38/Y)

M(X)=P*C1 P= 72.5

C1=XY/L*(2.24-6.38/Y)

Case2
M(X)=72.5XY/L+72.5Y/L*(X-4.3)

M(X)=72.5XY/L(2.24-4.3/X-1.038/Y)

M(x)=P*C2 P=72.50

C2=XY/L(2.24-4.3/X-1.038/Y)

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

Influence Line For maximum shear force

Y/L
-X/L
X Y

4.3 4.3

v(x)=72.5Y/L+72.5*(Y-4.30)/L+17.5*(Y-8.6)/L

V(x)=72.5Y/L(2.24-6.38/Y)

V(x)=P*C3 P=72.50

C3=Y/L(2.24-6.38/Y)

1.2 Shear and Moment Due to Tandum Loading

IL for Bending Moment

XY/L

X Y
Load case 1
1.2

M(x)=55*XY/L+55X*(Y-1.2)/L

M(X)=55*XY/L(2-1.2/Y)

M(x)=P*C4 P=72.50

C4=55/72.50XY/L(2-1.2/Y)

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

IL for Shear

Y/L

-X/L
X Y
1.2

V(x)=55*Y/L+55*(Y-1.2/Y)

V(X)=55*Y/L(*(2-1.2/Y)

V(x)=P*C5 P=72.50

C5=55/72.5*Y/L*(2-1.2/Y)

Comparison shall be made between track loading and tandem loading to determine the design
Moment and shear due to live load.

Coefficients for Bending moment

C1=XY/L*(2.24-6.38/Y) Track load case 1

C2=XY/L(2.24-4.3/X-1.038/Y) Track load case 2

C4=XY/L(2-1.2/Y) Tandum Axle load

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

Coeficients for shear

C3=Y/L(2.24-6.38/Y) Track Loading

C5=Y/L*(2-1.2/Y) Tandum Loading

X/L X Y C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 CmaxM CmaxV

0.000 0.000 10.415 0.00 0 1.63 0.00 1.43 0.00 1.63
0.050 0.521 9.894 0.79 0 1.52 0.93 1.35 0.93 1.52
0.100 1.042 9.374 1.46 0 1.40 1.75 1.28 1.75 1.40
0.150 1.562 8.853 2.02 0 1.29 2.48 1.20 2.48 1.29
0.200 2.083 8.332 2.46 0.085 1.18 3.09 1.13 3.09 1.18
0.250 2.604 7.811 2.78 0.890 1.07 3.61 1.05 3.61 1.07
0.300 3.125 7.291 2.99 1.578 0.96 4.01 0.97 4.01 0.97
0.350 3.645 6.770 3.07 2.149 0.84 4.32 0.90 4.32 0.90
0.400 4.166 6.249 3.05 2.604 0.73 4.52 0.82 4.52 0.82
0.450 4.687 5.728 2.90 2.942 0.62 4.62 0.75 4.62 0.75
0.500 5.208 5.208 2.64 3.163 0.51 4.61 0.67 4.61 0.67

Interior strip

X CmaxM CmaxV MLL+IM_in. VLL+IM_in

0.000 0.000 1.627 0.000 74.353
0.521 0.929 1.515 42.463 69.236
1.042 1.755 1.403 80.168 64.119
1.562 2.476 1.291 113.114 59.002
2.083 3.093 1.179 141.303 53.885
2.604 3.606 1.067 164.732 48.768
3.125 4.014 0.975 183.404 44.530
3.645 4.319 0.899 197.317 41.064
4.166 4.519 0.823 206.471 37.598
4.687 4.615 0.747 210.868 34.132
5.208 4.608 0.671 210.506 30.666

Because strip width is limited to 1800mm, one lane loaded (wheel line =1/2 Laneload)
with multiple presence factor of 1.2 will be critical.

Medge=0.5*M_int*1.2*Int_stripwidth/1.8

Vedge=0.5*Vint*Int_widht*1.2/1.8

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

Edge strip

X CmaxM CmaxV MLL+IM_Edge. VLL+IM edge

0.000 0.000 1.627 0.000 158.73
0.521 0.929 1.515 90.650 147.80
1.042 1.755 1.403 171.142 136.88
1.562 2.476 1.291 241.475 125.96
2.083 3.093 1.179 301.651 115.03
2.604 3.606 1.067 351.669 104.11
3.125 4.014 0.975 391.528 95.06
3.645 4.319 0.899 421.229 87.66
4.166 4.519 0.823 440.773 80.26
4.687 4.615 0.747 450.158 72.86
5.208 4.608 0.671 449.385 65.47

1.3 Shear and moment due to lane loading

W= 2.904 KN/m

Interior Ra=Rb= 15.12 KN Edge

X M_in V_in X M_edge V_edge

0.000 0.00 15.12 0.000 0.00 32.29
0.521 7.48 13.61 0.521 15.97 29.06
1.042 14.18 12.10 1.042 30.26 25.83
1.562 20.08 10.59 1.562 42.87 22.60
2.083 25.20 9.07 2.083 53.80 19.37
2.604 29.53 7.56 2.604 63.05 16.14
3.125 33.08 6.05 3.125 70.62 12.91
3.645 35.83 4.54 3.645 76.50 9.69
4.166 37.80 3.02 4.166 80.70 6.46
4.687 38.99 1.51 4.687 83.23 3.23
5.208 39.38 0.00 5.208 84.07 0.00

Summary of Live Load design responses

Bending Moment:
Interior strip= 250.25 KNm/m

Edge strip= 534.22 KNm/m

Shear Interior strip= 89.48 KN/m

Edge strip= 191.01 KN/m

2.0 Dead Load
concrete:
Width= 1000 mm W= 14.16 KN/m

Depth = 590.05 mm Railing = 1.92 KN/m

Wearing surface Post= 0.78 KN/m

W_DW= 1.1 KN/m2 W_DWedge= 1.54 KN/m

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

Bending Moment and shear

W= 14.161 KN/m W= 16.859 KN/m

Interior Edge
Wc Ra=Rb= 73.74 KN WDc Ra=Rb= 87.79 KN
Wdw Ra=Rb= 5.73 KN WDW Ra=Rb= 8.02 KN

X M_DC V_DC M_DW V_DW X M_DC V_DC M_DW V_DW

0.000 0.00 73.74 0.00 5.728 0.000 0.00 87.79 0.00 8.020
0.521 36.48 66.37 2.83 5.155 0.521 43.43 79.01 3.97 7.218
1.042 69.12 59.00 5.37 4.583 1.042 82.29 70.23 7.52 6.416
1.562 97.93 51.62 7.61 4.010 1.562 116.58 61.45 10.65 5.614
2.083 122.89 44.25 9.55 3.437 2.083 146.30 52.68 13.36 4.812
2.604 144.01 36.87 11.19 2.864 2.604 171.44 43.90 15.66 4.010
3.125 161.29 29.50 12.53 2.291 3.125 192.02 35.12 17.54 3.208
3.645 174.73 22.12 13.57 1.718 3.645 208.02 26.34 19.00 2.406
4.166 184.33 14.75 14.32 1.146 4.166 219.45 17.56 20.05 1.604
4.687 190.09 7.37 14.77 0.573 4.687 226.30 8.78 20.67 0.802
5.208 192.01 0.00 14.91 0.000 5.208 228.59 0.00 20.88 0.000

Summary of Dead and Live load at service Summary of factored Dead and Live load

X Mtotal_in Mtoal_edge X Mtotal_in Mtoal_edge

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.521 89.261 154.022 0.521 137.258 246.831
1.042 168.838 291.215 1.042 259.562 466.601
1.562 238.731 411.580 1.562 366.914 659.311
2.083 298.939 515.115 2.083 459.312 824.961
2.604 349.462 601.822 2.604 536.757 963.551
3.125 390.301 671.700 3.125 599.249 1075.081
3.645 421.455 724.749 3.645 646.788 1159.551
4.166 442.925 760.969 4.166 679.374 1216.960
4.687 454.711 780.360 4.687 697.006 1247.309
5.208 456.812 782.922 5.208 699.686 1250.599
MOMENT(KNM/M)

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM AT SERVICE LOAD EDGE STRIP

INTERIOR STRIP
900.000
800.000
700.000
600.000
500.000
400.000
300.000
200.000
100.000
0.000
0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000
SPAN(m)

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00M RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

MOMENT(KNM/M) EDGE STRIP

FACTORED BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM INTERIOR
STRIP
1400.000

1200.000

1000.000

800.000

600.000

400.000

200.000

0.000
0.000 1.000 2.000 SPAN(m)
3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

3.0 Service Limit state

1.0 Durablity
Cover for main reinforcement steel for

- deck surface subjected to tire wear=60mm

-bottom of cast in-place slab=25mm
η= 1.0

a) Interior Strip

M=ηΣγQi= 1.0(Mdc+1.0Mdw+1.0MLL+IM)

M= 456.81 KNm
Φ 30 bars
Trail Reinfocement as= 706.9 mm^2

As=M/(jfsd)

Assume j= 0.875

fs=0.6fy= 240 Mpa

As= 4265.28 mm^2/m

Spacing= 165.7 mm

Use diam 30 bar C/C 160mm

b) Edge Strip

Medge= 782.92 KNm

Φ 30 bars
Trail Reinfocement as= 706.9 mm^2

As=M/(jfsd)

Assume j= 0.875
fs=0.6fy= 240 Mpa
As= 7310.20 mm^2/m

Spacing= 96.7 mm

Use diam 30 bar C/C 90mm

4.0 Control of Crack

Structure componets should be proportioned that

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

the tensile stress in the reinforcement steel fs should not

be less than fsa

fs<fsa, where fsa=z/(dcA)1/3<0.6fy

Z= crack width parameter(N/mm)=23000N/mm for sevre exposure

dc= depth of conceret from extreme fiber to centre of the bar loacted closest to there to.

dc=< 50mm

A= is area of concrete having the same centriod as the pricnicpal tensile reinforcement and bounded by

the surfaces of the crossection and line parallel to the the neuatral axis divided by the number of bars(mm2),

clear cover <=50mm

Check wheather the section at service load has cracked or not against 0.8fr

fr=the rupture stress=0.63√f'c 3.15 Mpa

a) Interior strip

Mu= 456.81 KNm/m

fctm=M/(1/6bh2) 9.06 Mpa

0.8fr= 2.52 Mpa

fctm>0.8fr section has cracked

Since the section has cracked use the transofrmed area of the steel.





 

 
Determine x from the equilibrimum of moment areas

nAs*(d-x)=1/2*1000*X2 n= 7.912

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

X= 152.7277 mm 152.7276634 393646

Now the cracked moment of inertai,Ic= 5.495E+09 mm2

Steel Stress is then,fs/n=M(d-x)/Icr= 29.70 Mpa

fs= 234.99 Mpa

fsa=z/(dcA)1/3<0.6fy

Z= 23000 N/mm dc= 41 mm

Ac=2dc*S/n= 13120 mm2

n= number of bars s= spacing
fsa= 282.806 Mpa >0.6fy= 240 Mpa

fs= 234.99 Mpa < fsa=240 Mpa OK

B) Edge strip

Mu= 782.92 KNm/m

fctm=M/(1/6bh2) 15.53 Mpa

0.8fr= 2.52 Mpa

fctm>0.8fr section has cracked

Determine x from the equilibrimum of moment areas

nAs*(d-x)=1/2*1000*X2 n= 7.912

X= 191.8 mm 191.8 0

Now the cracked moment of inertai,Ic= 8.208E+09 mm2

Steel Stress is then,fs/n=M(d-x)/Icr= 30.35 Mpa

fs= 240.11 Mpa

fsa=z/(dcA)1/3<0.6fy

Z= 23000 N/mm dc= 41 mm

Ac=2dc*S/n= 13120 mm2

n= number of bars s= spacing
fsa= 282.806 Mpa >0.6fy= 240 Mpa
fs= 240.11 Mpa > fsa revise As

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

5.0 Fatigue Stress

Fatigue Load shall be one design truck with 9000mm axle spaciing.
For maximum moment the two front axle shall be on the bridge.

CL of Bridge 0.418 m

RESULTANT

145KN
35KN

10.415 mm

fatgue load factor= 0.75 IM= 15 %

U=0.75(LL+IM)
a) Tensile Strees due to live load

One Lane Loaded E= 4107.64 mm

MLL+IM= 371.781 KNm

= 90.51 KNm/m

fs/n= 5.88

fs= 46.56 Mpa

b) Stress in reinforcing bar

The range between the maximum and the minimum stress in striagth reinforcement caused by the live load
plus impact shall not exceed,

ff=145-0.33fmin+55(r/h) r/h= 0.30

fmin= 0.0 Mpa

ff= 161.5 Mpa

46.56 Mpa < 161.5 Mpa

SAFE: THE STRESS IS WITHIN RANGE

6.0 Defelection and camber

Total dead load of bridge is considered in the design:

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

Wdc+Wdw= 120.35 KN/m

Mdl=WDLL2/8= 1631.77 KNm

Using the Ig,ΔDL=5*WDLL4/384EcIe, for defelcetion at centre of a simply supported beam

Ie=(Mcr/Ma)3Ig+(1-(Mcr/Ma)3)Icr

Mcr= cracking moment=fr*Ig/yt

Ma= actual moment (Nmm)

fr=modulus of rupture

Yt=distance from neutral axis to the extreme tension fiber(mm)

fr= 2.520 Mpa

yt= 275 mm

Ig= 1.123E+11 mm4

Mcr= 1029.11 KNm < MDL Section has cracked

Icr= 4.451E+10 mm4

Ie= 6.151E+10 mm4

ΔDL=(5*WDLL4/384EcIe)= 11.9 mm

Longterm deflection for As'=0, 3.0-As'/As=3.0

Longterm defelection is =3*Immediate= 36 mm

Provide a 3 cm camber at the centre

By using Ig,with longterm deflection factor of 4.0

ΔDL= 6.5 mm

Longterm deflection=4*Immediate= 26 mm

Lesser than the value based on Ie

Live Load defelection limitation

Δ(LL+IM)_allowable=Span/800= 13.02 mm Art.3.6.1.3.2

the design truck alone

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

Live load deflection is max

25% design truck +design lane load

NL= 2
m= 1.0
P= IM*(145KN)*m*NL= 385.7 KN

Design Truck

CL OF BRIDGE
385.7

385.7

93
1.636

0.728 m

10.415
M_CL= 1187.63 KNm

MDC+DW+LL+IM= 2819.40 KNm

Ie= 8.3E+10

EcIe= 2.1E+15 Nmm^2

For single concentrated load on a simply supported beam the deflection is given by

Δx(x<a)= (Pbx/6EIL)*(L^2-a^2-b^2)

For the first Load , P= 385.7 KN

a= 8779.500 mm
b= 1635.500 mm
x= 4479.500 mm

Δx= 1.84 mm

For the SecondLoad , P= 385.7 KN

a= 4479.500 mm
b= 5935.500 mm
x= 4479.500 mm

Δx= 4.14 mm

For the third Load , P= 93 KN

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

a= 179.500 mm
b= 10235.500 mm
x= 4479.500 mm

Δx= 0.119 mm

Total deflection= 6.1 mm < 13.02mm OK!

Design Lane

W= 1.33*1.0*NL**Lane load= 24.738 KN/m

M=(1/8)wL^2= 335.4 KNm

Δlane= 1.80 mm

25% of lane= 1.53 mm

Total= 3.32 mm

Tandem at the centre

P=220*NL*m*1.33= 585.2 KN

For a single concentrate load at the centre of span

Δ= PL^3/48EIe= 6.54 mm

The live load defelcetion estimated is less that the allowable value

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

7.0 Design for Strength I Limit state

7.10 Design for BM

Edge Strip

Mu= 1250.60 KN/m

Vu= 456.05 KN

a) Edge Strip

M u= 1250.60 KNm/m

Maximum reinforcement is limited by ductility requirement, which is given by

a/d=< 0.42 a=<0.42βd β= 0.85 for f'c<=28 Mpa

Art.5.7.2.2
Φ= 0.9 Flexure

then a= 0.357 d

Mu=0.85Φf'c*a*b*(d-a/2)= 0.2244 f'cbd2

b= 1000.0 mm
d=√(Mu/(0.2244f'cb)= 0.47 mm

cover= 25 mm as= 706.858347

dprovided= 510 mm
Bar diam= 30 mm
Depth is Aduquate
fyd= 400 Mpa
Reinforcement

a=Asfy/0.85f'cb
a=As/53.12

a= 87.72 8.1E+00

ρ=Mu/(Φfybd(d-a/2)= 0.014613 Greater than ρmin

ρmin=0.03f'c/fy= 0.001875

As=ρbd= 7452.4 mm2

Spacing= 90.9 mm

Number of bars per meter width= 10.543 psc

use 11 bars

Use Φ30 Bars C/C 90 mm

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

As required
Asprovided= 7775.44 mm 2
> 7452.4 mm2

Strength Limit state governs

b) Interior Strip

Mu= 699.69 KN/m

Vu= 257.36 KN

M u= 699.69 KNm/m

Maximum reinforcement is limited by ductility requirement, which is given by

a/d=< 0.42 a=<0.42βd β= 0.85 for f'c<=28 Mpa

Art.5.7.2.2
Φ= 0.9 Flexure

then a= 0.357 d

Mu=0.85Φf'c*a*b*(d-a/2)= 0.2244 f'cbd2

b= 1000.0 mm
d=√(Mu/(0.2244f'cb)= 0.35 mm

cover= 25 mm as= 706.86 mm2

dprovided= 510 mm
Bar diam= 30 mm
Depth is Aduquate
fyd= 400 Mpa
Reinforcement

a=Asfy/0.85f'cb
a=As/53.12

a= 77.73 3.736E+00

ρ=Mu/(Φfybd(d-a/2)= 0.008089 Greater than ρmin

ρmin=0.03f'c/fy= 0.001875

As=ρbd= 4125.3 mm2

Spacing= 171.3 mm

Number of bars per meter width= 5.8 psc

use 6 bars

Use Φ30 Bars C/C 160 mm

As required

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GODE-KELAFO-FERFER ROAD PROJECT 10.00m RC SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE

Asprovided= 4241.15 mm2 > 4125.3 mm2

Use Φ30 bars C/C 160 mm

Strength Limit State governs

7.20 Design for Shear

Slab and slab bridges designed for moment in comformation

with Art.4.6.2.3 may be considered satisfactory for shear.

7.30 Distribution reinforcement

For longitudnal reinforced concrete construction Art.5.14.4.1

% of transvrese dist.reinf=1750/Sqrt(L)<=50%

% reinf.= 17.15 <50% L= Span Length(mm)

% reinf.= 727.3 mm2

Spacing= 276.4 mm

Use Φ 16 C/C 280mm on bottom of slab

7.40 Temprature and shrinkage Reinforcement

Transverse reinforcement on top of slab

As>=0.75Ag/fy= 1494.57 mm2/mm

Using Bar diam 16 as= 201.06 mm2

Spacing= 134.53 mm

Use diam 12 bars C/C 130mm

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