Density of a substance is its mass per unit volume

Relative Density of a substance is the ratio of the density of that substance and of fresh water.

Pressure is the load per unit area (tm-2)

Thrust is the pressure exerted on a given surface (t)

Archimedes Principle states that when a body is wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, it suffers an apparent loss of weight,
which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.

Principle of floatation: When a body is floating in a liquid, the weight of liquid displaced equals the weight of body.

Displacement of the ship is the weight of the ship & its contents or the weight of water displaced by the ship in that
condition.

Light Displacement is the mass of the empty ship i.e. without any cargo, fuel, lubricating oil, ballast water, fresh & feed
water in the tanks, consumable stores & passenger or crew & their effects.

Load Displacement is the total mass of the ship when floating is salt water with her loadline at the surface.

Present Displacement is the mass of the ship at present. It is the sum of the light displacement of the ship & everything on
board at present.

Deadweight (DWT) of a ship is the total mass of cargo, fuel, freshwater etc. that a ship can carry when she is floating in salt
water with her summer loadline at the surface. DWT = load disp – light disp.

Water-plane Coefficient (Cw) or coefficient of fineness of the water-plane is the ratio of the area of the
water-plane to the area of a rectangle having the same length & max breadth.

Block Coefficient (Cb) or coefficient of fineness of displacement, at any draft is the ratio of the U/W volume of the ship at
the draft to the volume of a rectangular box having the same extreme dimensions.

Reserve Buoyancy is the volume of the enclosed spaces above the waterline.

Tones per Centimeter (TPC) at any draft are the no. of tones reqd. to change the V/L’s mean draft by one centimeter.

Hydrostatic Draft is the draft at the center of floatation.

Fresh Water Allowance (FWA) is the increase in draft when the ship goes from SW to FW & vice-versa.

The Center of Gravity of a ship is that point through which the force of gravity maybe considered to act vertically
downwards with a force equal to the weight of the ship.

The Center of Buoyancy of a ship is that point through which the force of buoyancy maybe considered to act vertically
upwards with a force equal to the weight of water displaced by it.

List is the transverse inclination caused by unequal distribution of weights on either side of centerline of the V/L i.e. list is
caused when the COG is not on the centerline. It’s an internal cause.

Heel is the transverse inclination of the V/L caused external forces such as wind, waves, centrifugal forces during course
alterations, over-tight moorings at the port etc. .The position of COG remains unaffected.

Transverse Metacentre (M) is the point of intersection of the vertical line through the center of buoyancy in
the upright condition and the vertical line through the CB in a slightly inclined position.

Metacentric Height is the vertical distance between COG and the Metacentre. (GM)

Righting Lever (GZ) When a vessel is heeled, the force of buoyancy acting vertically upwards through the new position of
COB, becomes separated from the COG by a horizontal distance. This distance is called the righting lever.

Righting Moment: When a vessel is heeled, the forces of gravity & buoyancy, being equal & opposite, become separated by
a distance called the righting lever. This forms a couple, which tends to return the vessel to upright. The moment of this
couple is called the righting moment or the moment of statical stability.