Conventional Jackets

Figure 1: Conventional
Jacket
"Conventional jackets" can be divided into two (2) main categories: baffled and non-baffled.
Baffled jackets often utilize what is known as a spirally wound baffle. The baffle consist of a
metal strip wound around the inner vessel wall from the jacket utility inlet to the utility outlet.
The baffle directs the flow in a spiral path with a fluid velocity of 1-4 ft/s. The fabrication
methods does allow for small internal leakage or bypass around the baffle. Generally, bypass
flows can exceed 1/3 to 1/2 of the total circulating flow.

Conventional baffled jackets are usually applied with small vessels using high temperatures
where the internal pressure in more than twice the jacket pressure.

Spirally baffled jackets are limited to a pressure of 100 psig because vessel wall thickness
becomes large and the heat transfer is greatly reduced. In the case of an alloy reactor, a very
costly vessel can result. For high temperature applications, the thermal expansion differential
must be considered when choosing materials for the vessel and jacket. Design and construction
details are given in Division 1 of the ASME Code, Section VIII, Appendix IX, "Jacketed Vessel".

Heat Transfer Coefficients: Conventional Jackets without Baffles

(hj De / k) = 1.02 (NRe) 0.45 (NPr) 0.33 (De/ L) 0.4 (Djo/ Dji) 0.8 (NGr) 0.05 Eq. (1)

Figure 2: Schematic of Conventional

Jacket
Where:
hj = Local heat transfer coefficient on the jacket side
De = Equivalent hydraulic diameter
NRe = Reynolds Number
NPr = Prandtl Number
L = Length of jacket passage
Djo = Outer diameter of jacket
Dji = Inner diameter of jacket
NGr = Graetz number

The Reynolds Number is defined as:

NRe = DVρ/μ
Where D is the equivalent diameter, V is the fluid velocity, ρ is the fluid density, μ and is the
fluid viscosity.

The Prandtl Number is defined as:

NPr = Cp μ / k
Where Cp is the specific heat, μ is the viscosity, and k is the thermal conducitivity of the fluid.

The Graetz Number is defined as:

NGr = (m Cp) / (k L)
Where m is the mass flow rate, Cp is the specific heat, k is the thermal conducitivity, and L is the
jacket passage length.

The equivalent diameter is defined as follows:

De = Djo-Dji for laminar flow

De = ((Djo)2 - (Dji)2)/Dji for turbulent flow
Conventional Jackets with Baffles
For conventional jackets with baffles, the following can be used to calculate the heat transfer
coefficient:

hj De/k= 0.027(NRe)0.8 (NPr)0.33 (µ/µw)0.14 (1+3.5 (De/Dc) ) ( For NRe > 10,000) Eq. (2)
hj De/k = 1.86 [ (NRe) (NPr) (Dc/De) ] 0.33 (µ/µw)0.14 ( For NRe < 2100 ) Eq. (3)

Figure 3: Schematic of Conventional Jacket

with Baffle

Two new variables are introduced. Dc is defined as the centerline diameter of the jacket passage.
It is calculated as Dji + ((Djo-Dji)/2). The viscosity at the jacket wall is now defined as µw. When
calculating the heat transfer cofficients, an effective mass flow rate should be taken as 0.60 x
feed mass flow rate to account for the substantial bypassing that will be expected. De is defined
at 4 x jacket spacing. The flow cross sectional area is defined as the baffle pitch x jacket spacing.