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Fluid Mechanics (4th Year)
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Classical Mechanics
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TECHNOLOGICAL
INSTITUTE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
–
QUEZON
CITYSpecial
TopicsFluid
Mechanics
A. Basic Properties of
Fluids:a. Unit weight
b.
Densityc. Specific Vol
umed. Specific Gravit
ye. Viscosity1.
Dynamic/absolute2.
Kinematicf. Surface T
ension1.
Capillarity2. Pressur
e inside a droplet of l
iquidB. Compression
of Gasesa. Boyle
’
s Lawb. Charles
’
LawC.
Pressuresa. Gage pre
ssureb. Absolute pre
ssureD. Total Hydros
tatic Pressurea. Total
Pressure on Plane S
urface:
= ̅
b. Total Pressure on
Curved SurfaceE. Rel
ative Equilibrium of
Liquidsa. Horizontal
Motion:
=
b. Inclined Motion:
=
±
c. Vertical Motion:
= ( ±
)
F. Rotation:
=
= =
=
1.
A pressure gage 6m
above the bottom of
the tankcontaining a
liquid reads 90
kPa, another gage
height4m reads 103
kPa. Determine the
specific weight ofthe
liquid.
2.
A two-meter square
plane surface is
immersedvertically
below the water
surface. The
immersion issuch
that the two edges of
the square are
horizontal.If the top
of the square is 1
meter below the
watersurface, what is
the total water
pressure exerted
onthe plane surface?
3.
An iceberg having
specific gravity of
0.92 is floatingon salt
water of sp. gr. 1.03.
If the volume of ice
abovethe water
surface is 1000 cu.m.,
what is the volumeof
the ice?
4.
A block of wood
requires a force of 40
N to keep
itimmersed in water
and a force of 100N
to keep itimmersed
in glycerin
(sp.gr.=13) find the
weight andsp.gr. of
the wood.
5.
A capillary tube is
immersed vertically
in water.Knowing
that water starts to
evaporate below
2kPa,determine the
maximum capillary
rise and
tubediameter.
Assume the contact
angle is 6 degrees
andsurface tension is
1 N/m
.
6.
The open
manometer shown in
the figure has for
itsgage liquid
mercury. If the
pressure at point m
ischanged from
70kPa to 105kPa and
the mercury levelin
the sloping part
moves 20cm upward
to the right,what
could have been the
value of
θ
?
7.
An empty drum has a
height of 3m and a
radius of0.8m. The
empty drum is
submerged in water
(with itstop 6m
below the water
surface), the air
originallypresent in
the drum remains
composed there in
at thesubmerged
depth. Find the
height of air inside
thedrum.Situation:A
gate 3.0m wide and
3.0m high has water
on one side and
isinclined at 45° with
the horizontal. Water
is 1.50m above
thetop of the gate.
8.
Compute the
pressure (force)
acting on the gate
andits location from
point A.
9.
If the gate is hinged
at the top, what
force,
appliedperpendicula
r to it, is needed at
the bottom to
justopen the gate?
10.
In the figure shown,
determine the
horizontal
andvertical
components of the
total force acting on
thecylinder per m of
its length/
11.
A wooden storage
vat full of oil (s.g. =
0.80) is in theform of
a frustum of a cone,
2m diameter at the
top,4m diameter at
the bottom and 3m
height. It isprovided
with two steel hoops,
one at the top and
oneat the bottom.
Compute the force in
the bottom of
thehoop.Situation:A
gravity dam with a
trapezoidal section,
as shown in
thefigure, has a drain
located at a distance
of 15m from the
toe.The point of
drainage has a
pressure due to
uplift of zero andis
increasing uniformly
to full hydrostatic at
the heel.Upstream
face is inclined
1H:10V, while
downstream face
isinclined 1H:2V.
Specific weight of
water is 9.81kN/m
3
whilethat of
concrete is
23.54kN/m
3
. Determine:
12.
Location of the
resultant force
13.
Factor of safety
against sliding
14.
Factor of safety
against overturning
15.
Stress at the heel and
toe
16.
Unit horizontal
sheering stress at
the base
17.
A 5cm x 12cm x 6m
long wooden plank is
required tostand
vertically in water
with its top 15cm
above thewater
surface. This is
attained by placing a
1.0cmthick steel
plates to each wider
side of the plank
atthe submerged
bottom. The specific
weights are:Wood =
502 kg/m
3
Steel = 7870 kg/m
3
Compute the exact
length of steel plates
needed.
18.
Two spheres, both to
have a diameter
of 1.2m, weighs4kN
and 12kN,
respectively. They
are connected by
ashort rope and
placed in water.
What is the tension
inthe rope and what
position will the
lighter spherehave in
relation with the
water
surface?Situation:An
open rectangular
tank mounted on
a truck is 5m long,
2mwide and 2.5m
high is filled with
water to a depth of
2m.
19.
What maximum
horizontal
acceleration can
beimposed on the
tank without spilling
any water?
20.
Determine the
accelerating force on
the liquid mass.
21.
If the acceleration is
increased to 6m/s
2
, how muchwater is
spilled
out?Situation:An
open cylindrical tank,
3m in diameter and
5m highcontains
water to a depth of
4m. It is rotated
about its ownvertical
axis with a constant
angular speed.
22.
If angular velocity is
20rpm, is there any
waterspilled?
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