Names : Deby Rante Padang

Elisha B.T Eddy

Class :E

Subject : Sociolinguistic

DEFINITION OF LANGUAGE VARIATIONS

Definition of Language Variation to 10 masters:.

1.Mansoer Pateda (1990: 52), says that "Language variation is seen in terms of place, facet of
time, facet of user, facet of the wearer, in terms of situation, and of social status". Examples use
language according to context.

Mansoer Pateda. 1990. Sosiolinguistik. Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University Press.

2.Nababan (1993: 13), argues that language variation is the language differences that arise
because of the basic aspects of language, namely the form and its meaning that indicate small or
large differences between one disclosure to another. The cause of variations in language there are
four factors, namely: different areas, different groups or social circumstances, different language
situations, and different years or times. For example: different regional factors eg Toraja area
with Bugis area is very clear differences in variation of language for example "eat", in Toraja say
"kumande" while in Bugis say "Manre". Examples of different group factors or social situations
are the interaction of educated people with uneducated people is very different. For example:
Generally when the educated person interacts with others, it must use a polite language while the
uneducated person sometimes uses plain or unclear language. Then the factor of the year or
different times like the language used in ancient times is very different from today. For example:
the language used in ancient times is still ancient and now the language used today mostly use
slang and slang.

Nababan. 1989. “Sosiolinguistik dan Pengajaran Bahasa“ dalam PELLBA 2 . Jakarta:

Lembaga Bahasa Unika Atma Jaya.
3. Spolsky (1998: 6), defines variation as a term used to denote the identity of various languages
(eg, Malaysians use Malay according to their identities .

Spolsky, Bernand. 1998. Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

4. Abdul Chaer and Leonie Agustina (1995: 79), stated that language variation is determined by
time, place, sociocultural, situation and medium of disclosure. The time factor gives rise to
language differences from time to time. For example, in ancient times people used the ancient
language and now use the language of Gaul and berlogat. Regional factors distinguish the
language used in a place with elsewhere. For example, "eat" banjar people say "germs" while the
Javanese say "manganese". Sociocultural factors distinguish the language used in a place with
elsewhere. Sociocultural factors distinguish the language of a social group. Situational factors
arise because language users choose certain language features in certain situations. The medium
of disclosure distinguishes spoken language and written language.

Abdul Chaer dan Leonie Agustina. 1995. Sosiolinguistik: Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: PT
Rineka Cipta.

5. Muh. Asrori (2001: 96), says that variations of language can be attributed to areas, social
classes, ethnic groups, education levels, gender, age, and situations.Examples of education
levels, eg variations used by workers, teachers, Of course have different language variations. In
addition, language variations based on gender, for example variations of the language used by
mothers will be different from the language variations used by the gentlemen.

Muh. Asrori. 2001. “Variasi Bahasa: Sebuah Kajian atas Pemakaian Sosiolek Bahasa
Jawa“ dalam Jurnal Linguistik Bahasa. Volume 1 Nomor 2, Program Studi Linguistik (S2)
Pasca Sarjana UNS, Surakarta.

6. Maryono Dwi Raharjo (1996: 59-60), states that language variations have idiolek type, dialect,
vocabulary, register, and speech levels.

Types of language variations can be explained below, First, idiolek is a variation of language that
is individual, meaning the nature of a person's speech is different from the speech of others.
Second, dialect is a variation of language caused by differences in speaker's origins and
differences in the social class of speakers. Therefore, the concept of geographical dialect and
social dialect (socialek) emerges. Third, the variety of languages is a variation of the language
caused by the difference from the point of panutur, place, subject of speech, and situation. In
relation to it is known the existence of formal (formal) language variety and unofficial language
variety (casual, familiar). Fourth, the register is a variation of the language caused by the
characteristics typical of the needs of the wearer, for example in written language known the
existence of advertising language, language header, language articles, and so forth; in spoken
languages known to languages, politics, language of prayer, and so on. Fifth, the level of speech
is a variation of the language caused by the difference in the speaker's assumption about the
relationship (relationship) with partners said.

Maryono, Dwiraharjo. 1996. Fungsi dan bentuk Wacana dalam Masyarakat Tutur Jawa :
Studi Kasus di Kotamadya Surakarta (desertasi), UGM, Yogyakarta

7. Sibarani (1992: 58) argues that Language variation is a variety of languages that each has its
own form, but as a whole is similar or archetype of the language or its mother tongue. For
example, the Toraja's mother tongue is the Toraja language. But within the scope of Toraja is
still divided into several kinds of dialec from various regions.

Sibarani, Robert. 1992. Hakikat Bahasa. Bandung: PT. Aditya Bhakti.

8.Soepomo Poedjosoedharmo (1983: 175-176) reveals three classes of language variants. The
variants include: (1) Dialects in the form of idiolects and dialects (geography, social, age, type,
flow, ethnicity, etc.); (2) Undha-usuk (respect, non-respect), and (3) Variety (relaxed, formal,
and beautiful). Ieolek is a variation of the language that characterizes the individual or someone
at the time of speaking.

Soepomo Poedjosoedharmo. 1983. Pengantar Sosiolinguisiik. Yogyakarta.: Universitas

Gajah Mada
9. Abdul Chaer and Leoni Agustina (1995: 81-82) divide variations of language according to (a)
regional dimension, (b) social dimension, and (c) temporal dimension.Example of social
dimension for example, humans have different ways of communicating depending on the
purpose, context, and situation.

Abdul Chaer dan Leonie Agustina. 1995. Sosiolinguistik: Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: PT
Rineka Cipta.

10. Hudson (1996: 22) argues for variation, according to his variety of language as a set of
linguistics items with similar social distribution (variation of language as a collection of
linguistic items of equal social distribution). An example of synchronic linguistics is the study of
language performed in a certain period of time. For example research on the Indonesian language
in the Era of the 50s. In this research will be searched, for example word structure, sentence
structure, or system of meaning of Indonesian language in 50's.

Hudson, R.A. 1996. Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press