1000 Electric Circuits MCQs

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Our 1000+ Electric Circuits questions and answers focuses on all areas of Electric Circuits
subject covering 100+ topics in Electric Circuits. These topics are chosen from a collection of
most authoritative and best reference books on Electric Circuits. One should spend 1 hour daily
for 2-3 months to learn and assimilate Electric Circuits comprehensively. This way of systematic
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examinations and certifications.

Highlights
– 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions & Answers in Electric Circuits with explanations.
– Every MCQ set focuses on a specific topic in Electric Circuits Subject.

Who should Practice these Electric Circuits Questions?

– Anyone wishing to sharpen their knowledge of Electric Circuits Subject.
– Anyone preparing for aptitude test in Electric Circuits.
– Anyone preparing for interviews (campus/off-campus interviews, walk-in interview and
company interviews).
– Anyone preparing for entrance examinations and other competitive examinations.
– All – Experienced, Freshers and Students.

Here’s list of Questions & Answers on Electric Circuits Subject covering 100+ topics:

1. Questions & Answers on Circuit Variables and Elements

The section contains questions and answers on units, voltage and current power, electrical
resistance, kirchoffs law and circuit analysis for dependent sources.

The International System of Units,Voltage and

Kirchhoff’s Laws
Current,Power and Energy
Analysis of a Circuit Containing Dependent
Voltage and Current Sources, Electrical
Sources
Resistance

2. Questions on Simple Resistive Circuits

The section contains questions on voltage and current divider circuits, wheatstone bridge
measuring resistance.

The Voltage Divider and Current Divider Measuring Resistance the Wheatstone Bridge
Circuits and Delta-to-Wye (Pi-to-Tee) Equivalent
Measuring Voltage and Current Circuits

3. Questions & Answers on Techniques of Circuit Analysis

The section contains questions and answers on node voltage and mesh current method, source
transformations, thevenin and norton equivalents, maximum power transfer and superposition.

The Node-Voltage Method and Dependent

Sources and Some Special Cases
The Mesh-Current Method and Dependent
Sources and Some Special Cases
The Node-Voltage Method Versus the Mesh-
Current Method
Source Transformations
Thevenin and Norton Equivalents, More on
Deriving a Thevenin Equivalent
Maximum Power Transfer and Superposition

4. Questions on The Operational Amplifier

The section contains questions on operational amplifier terminals, inverting and noninverting
amplifiers, realistic models.

Operational Amplifier Terminals,Terminal The Summing-Amplifier and Difference-

Voltages and Currents Amplifier Circuit
The Inverting and Non-Inverting Amplifier More Realistic Model for the Operational
Circuit Amplifier

5. Questions & Answers on Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance

The section contains questions and answers on inductor and capacitor, series parallel
combinations, mutual inductance, rl and rc circuits, natural and unbounded responses, sequential
switching and integrating amplifier.

Inductor and Capacitor

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and
A General Solution for Step and Natural
Capacitance
Responses
Mutual Inductance and a Close Look at Mutual
Sequential Switching and Unbounded Response
Inductance
The Integrating Amplifier
The Natural and Step Response of an RL
Circuit and RC circuit

6. Questions on Natural and Step Responses of RLC Circuits

The section contains questions on natural and step responce of parallel and series rlc circuits,
integrating amplifiers.

Introduction to the Natural Response of a The Natural and Step Response of a Series RLC
Parallel RLC Circuit Circuit
The Step Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit A Circuit with Two Integrating Amplifiers

7. Questions & Answers on Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis

The section contains questions and answers on sinusoidal source and response, phasor, passive
circuit elements, kirchoffs law, series and parallel simplifications, thevenin norton equivalent
circuits, node voltage method, transformer and ideal transformer, phasor diagrams and
instantaneous power.

The Sinusoidal Source and Response

The Phasor
The Passive Circuit Elements in the Frequency The Node-Voltage and Mesh-Current Method
Domain The Transformer
Kirchhoff’s Laws in the Frequency Domain The Ideal Transformer
Series, Parallel, and Delta-to-Wye Phasor Diagrams
Simplifications Instantaneous Power
Source Transformations and Thevenin-Norton
Equivalent Circuits

8. Questions on Sinusoidal Steady-State Power Calculations

The section contains questions on average and reactive power, rms value, complex power, power
calculations and maximum power transfer.

Average and Reactive Power

Power Calculations
The rms Value and Power Calculations
Maximum Power Transfer
Complex Power

9. Questions & Answers on Balanced Three-Phase Circuits

The section contains questions and answers on three phase voltage sources, wye delta circuits,
three phase circuits and average power.

Three-Phase Voltage Sources Power Calculations in Balanced Three-Phase

Analysis of the Wye-Wye and Wye-Delta Circuits
Circuit Measuring Average Power in Three-Phase
 Circuits

10. Questions on Introduction to the Laplace Transform

The section contains questions on laplace transform, impulse function, functional and operational
transforms, inverse transforms, poles and zeros, initial and final value theorems.

Definition of the Laplace Transform

Inverse Transforms
The Step and Impulse Function
Poles and Zeros of F(s)
Functional and Operational Transforms
Initial- and Final-Value Theorems
Applying the Laplace Transform

11. Questions & Answers on The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis

The section contains questions and answers on transfer function, convolution integral, steady
state sinusodial response, s domain analysis.

Circuit Elements and Analysis in the s Domain The Transfer Function and the Convolution
Applications Integral
The Transfer Function The Transfer Function and the Steady-State
The Transfer Function in Partial Fraction Sinusoidal Response
Expansions The Impulse Function in Circuit Analysis

12. Questions on Introduction to Frequency Selective Circuits

The section contains questions on low pass, high pass, bandpass and band reject filters.

Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters Bandpass and Bandreject Filters

13. Questions & Answers on Active Filter Circuits

The section contains questions and answers on low pass and high pass filters, scaling, op amp
filters, narrowband bandpass filters.

First-Order Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters

Higher Order Op Amp Filters
Scaling
Narrowband Bandpass and Bandreject Filters
Op Amp Bandpass and Bandreject Filters

14. Questions on Fourier Series

The sections covers questions on fourier coefficient, applications, rms value of periodic function,
amplitude and phase spectra, exponential form of fourier series.

The Fourier Coefficient

Average-Power Calculations with Periodic
The Effect of Symmetry on the Fourier
Functions
Coefficients Jo
The rms Value of a Periodic Function
Alternative Trigonometric Form of the Fourier
The Exponential Form of the Fourier Series
Series
Amplitude and Phase Spectra
Application

15. Questions & Answers on The Fourier Transform

The sections covers questions and answers on fourier transform derivation, fourier integral
convergence, laplace transforms, parsevals theorem, circuit applications.

Fourier Transforms in the Limit and Some

The Derivation of the Fourier Transform
Mathematical Properties
The Convergence of the Fourier Integral
Operational Transforms and Parseval’s
Using Laplace Transforms to Find Fourier
Theorem
Transforms
Circuit Applications

16. Questions on Two-Port Circuits

The sections covers questions on terminal equations and two port parameters, two port circuit
analysis and terminated two port circuit.

The Terminal Equations and the Two-Port

Parameters Interconnected Two-Port Circuits
Analysis of the Terminated Two-Port Circuit
1. Questions & Answers on Circuit Variables and Elements

The section contains questions and answers on units, voltage and current power, electrical
resistance, kirchoffs law and circuit analysis for dependent sources.

The International System of Units,Voltage and

Kirchhoff’s Laws
Current,Power and Energy
Analysis of a Circuit Containing Dependent
Voltage and Current Sources, Electrical
Sources
Resistance
Questions and Answers focuses on “The International System of Units, Voltage and Current,
Power and Energy”.

1. Which of the following is a defined quantity?

a) Pressure
b) Polarity
c) Money
d) Length
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The SI units are based on 7 defined quantities namely length, mass, time, electric
current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance and also on the luminous intensity.
2. The basic unit for luminous intensity is
a) Ampere
b) Candela
c) Coulomb
d) Radian
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The unit for luminous intensity is candela and its symbol is cd.

3. Which of the following is a correct relation?

a) Giga>Mega>Tera
b) Mega>Tera>Giga
c) Tera>Mega>Giga
d) Tera>Giga>Mega
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Tera – 1012
Giga – 109
Mega – 106.

4. Charge is
a) Unipolar
b) Bipolar
c) Tripolar
d) Non – Polar in nature
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Charge is bipolar since it can be expressed in terms of positive and negative.

5. Separation of charge creates

a) Current
b) Voltage
c) Resistance
d) Friction
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: An electric force called voltage is created by separation of charge where as an
electric fluid called current is created by motion of charge.
6. The energy per unit charge is
a) Voltage
b) Power
c) Current
d) Work
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Voltage v=dw/dq and its SI unit is volt.

7. If charge q = 3t2 + 2 then current is given by

a) 6t + 2
b) 3t2
c) 6t
d) 3t2 + 2
View Answer

8. If energy w = 200t2+ 99 et + 2 then calculate at 0.1 sec

a) 148.52
b) 149.41
c) 149.95
d) 148.39
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: p=dw/dt
=400t +99et
=400(0.1) + 99e(0.1)
=149.41

9. For the following circuit power is given by

a) –Vi
b) Vi
c) 0
d) 1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: P = vi. The algebraic sign of power depends on movement of charge through the
drop and rise of voltage.

10. ‘Positive Power’ meaning ___________

a) Power is being delivered to circuit
b) Power is being extracted from circuit
c) No power supply
d) Input and output powers are equal
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: P > 0 means +ve Power
Being delivered
P < 0 means –ve Power
Being extracted.

Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Voltage and Current Sources, Electrical Resistance”.

1) The symbol used for representing Independent sources

a) Diamond
b) Square
c) Circle
d) Triangle
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Independent sources are represented by circle
Dependent sources are represented by Diamond.

2. Controlled sources are also known as

a) Independent sources
b) Dependent sources
c) Ideal sources
d) Voltage sources
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Voltage V = dw/dq and its SI unit is Volt.

3.

I3 = α vx .This is
a) Voltage control voltage source
b) Current control voltage source
c) Voltage control current source
d) Current control current source
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: i3 =αvx means ix value depends on vx
Controlled voltage is vx.
4. Inductor is _______________ element.
a) Active
b) Passive
c) Linear
d) Polar
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Passive element means it could not generate electricity.

5.

Which of the above is valid?

a) 1
b) 2
c) Both
d) Neither 1 nor 2
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Same Voltage
6.

The above circuit is valid.

a) False
b) True
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Independent current source supplied current through terminals a and b. Dependent
source supplies voltage across the same pair of terminals and an ideal current source supplies
same current regardless of voltage, similarly an ideal voltage source supplies same voltage
irrespective of current, so this is an allowable connection.

7. The opposing capacity of materials against the current flow is

a) Conductance
b) Inductance
c) Susceptance
d) Resistance
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The opposing capacity of materials against the current flow is resistance.

8. The conductance of a 923Ω resistance is

a) 1.08 * 10-3 mho
b) 1.08 * 10-4 mho
c) 1.02 * 10-3 mho
d) 1.02 * 10-4 mho
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: c=1/R =1/923 = 1.08 * 10-3 mho

9. The current passing through a circuit is 7.2A and the power at the terminals is 27 watts.
Existence is ___________ ohms.
a) 0.5402
b) 0.5208
c) 0.5972
d) 0.5792
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: p = vi
= (iR) i
= i2 R
R = P/i2
=27/ (7.2)2
= 0.5208Ω.

10. Relation between power, voltage and conductance

a) V = P2.G
b) V = P2/G
c) P = v2/G
d) P = V2 G
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: P = vi
= v (v/R)
= v2/R
= v2G.
Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Kirchhoff’s Laws”.

1.KCL is based on the fact that

a) There is a possibility for a node to store energy.
b) There cannot be an accumulation of charge at a node.
c) Charge accumulation is possible at node
d) Charge accumulation may or may not be possible.
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Since the node is not a circuit element, any charge which enters node must leave
immediately.

2. Relation between currents according to KCL is

a) i1=i2=i3=i4=i5
b) i1+i4+i3=i5+i2
c) i1-i5=i2-i3-i4
d) i1+i5=i2+i3+i4
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: According to KCL, entering currents=leaving currents.

3. The algebraic sum of voltages around any closed path in a network is equal to ____________
a) Infinity
b) 1
c) 0
d) Negative polarity
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: According to KVL, the sum of voltages around the closed path in a network is zero.

4.

Calculate potential difference between x and y

a) 4.275v
b) -4.275v
c) 4.527v
d) -4.527v
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation:
I1 = 3/3+5 = 3/8 = 0.375Ω
I2 = 4/5 = 0.8Ω
Vxy = vx – vy
Vx + 5I1 + 4 – 2I2 – vy = 0
Vx – vy = 2I2 – 4 – 5I1 = -4.275Ω

5.

Find R
a) 17.5 Ω
b) 17.2 Ω
c) 17.4 Ω
d) 17.8 Ω
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation:
KVL: 70 – 5I – 7(I – 2) = 0
I = 7A
KVL to 2nd loop: 7(I – 2) – 2R = 0
R=17.5Ω

6. Determine currents I1 , I2 and I3.

a) -3.3A, -8.5A, 2.4A

b) 3A, -8A, 2A
c) 3.3A, 8.5A, -2.4A
d) 3.2A, 8.6A, 2.3A
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation:
I1 = I1 – I2 + 8 + I3 + 3
I2 – I3 = 11 -> 1
And -11 I1 – 7(I1 – I2) = 0
-18 I1 + 7 I2 = 0 -> 2
And -11 I1 – 15 I3 =0 -> 3
Solving I1 = 3.32A I2 = 8.5A I3 = -2.4A.

7. All _____________ are loops but _______________ are not meshes

a) Loops, Meshes
b) Meshes, loops
c) Branches, loops
d) Nodes, Branches
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A mesh cannot be divided further in loops.

8.
Solve for I.
a) -0.5A
b) 0.5A
c) -0.2A
d) 0.2A
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Veq = 10 + 5 -20 = -5u
Req = 5 + 2 + 3 = 10Ω
I = V/R = -5/10 = -0.5A.

9. The basic laws for analyzing an electric circuit are :-

a) Einstein’s theory
b) Newtons laws
c) Kirchhoff’s laws
d) Faradays laws
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Kirchhoff’s laws are used for analyzing an electric circuit.

10. A junction whell two (or) more than two network elements meet is known as a
______________
a) Node
b) Branch
c) Loop
d) Mesh
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Node is a junction where two or more than two network elements meet.

Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Analysis of a Circuit Containing Dependent

Sources”.

1.Dependent sources are _____________ types.

a) 3
b) 2
c) 4
d) 1
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Dependent sources are 4 types. Voltage controlled voltage/current source and
current controlled current/voltage source.

2. In case of a dependent voltage/current source, the value of this voltage/current source depends
on _________
a) Voltage/current sources of an external circuit
b) Voltage/current source present somewhere in the circuit
c) Only on voltage sources
d) Only on current sources
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The name dependent itself tells us that they are dependent on some other source. A
dependent voltage/current source depends on the value of the voltage/current source present
somewhere in the circuit itself.

3.

Find i0 and v0 in the above circuit..

a) 26A, 260v
b) 28A, 280v
c) 27A, 275v
d) 29A, 285v
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Applying KVL in loop1: 300= 3i∆ + 10i0 ———- (1)
and i0= i∆+3i∆ =4i∆
(1) → 300= 43i∆ ,on solving i∆ =6.976A, i0=27.90A, v0=279V.
4.The value of the voltage controlled current source ia=βva given β=0.3 and va=9.5mV.
a) 2.5 mA
b) 2.85 mA
c) 1.75 mA
d) 1.2 mA
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: ia= 0.3*9.5*10-3=2.85mA.

5.Find I0 in the following circuit, R1= 1.1 kilo ohms, R2=3.25 kilo ohms, V= 3.7 v.

a) 1.5 mA
b) 2 mA
c) 0.5 mA
d) 1.2 mA
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: By using the fact that the current is same in series connection resistors and voltage
is same parallel, the above problem can be solved. I0 is divided into αIx and Ix. So, calculation
these two gives the required current value.

6. The value of the current controlled voltage source ,given β=0.8 and ia=9.5mA, is
___________
a) 8mV
b) 7.6mV
c) 0.0011mV
d) 0.0051mV
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: va=βia

7. In a VCIS which is the controlled source and which one is the dependent source?
a) V-contorller, I-dependent
b) V-dependent, I-controller
c) Both V and I are controllers
d) Both V and I are dependent
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: VCIS: Voltage-controlled current source. ia=βva, current value depends on the
voltage value so voltage source is the controller and current is the dependent source.

8. In an ICVS which is the controlled source and which one is the dependent source?
a) V-controller, I-dependent
b) V-dependent, I-controller
c) Both V and I are controllers
d) Both V and I are dependent
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: ICVS :Current-controlled voltage source. va=βia , voltage value depends on the
current value so current source is the controller and voltage is the dependent source.

9. What is the other name for Dependent sources?

a) Uncontrolled sources
b) Time response elements
c) Steady state elements
d) Controlled sources
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Dependant sources are also known as Controlled sources as there are controlled by
other elements present in the circuit.

10. The analysis of a circuit containing dependent sources can be done using nodal and mesh
analysis.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The analysis of a circuit containing dependent sources can be completed using
nodal and mesh analysis with the help of Kirchhoff’s laws and also by using various circuit
theorems.
2. Questions on Simple Resistive Circuits

The section contains questions on voltage and current divider circuits, wheatstone bridge
measuring resistance.

The Voltage Divider and Current Divider Measuring Resistance the Wheatstone Bridge
Circuits and Delta-to-Wye (Pi-to-Tee) Equivalent
Measuring Voltage and Current Circuits
Questions and Answers for Freshers focuses on “The Voltage Divider and Current Divider
Circuits”.

1. Where voltage division problem arises

a) Series connected resistors
b) Parallel connected resistors
c) When resistors are equal
d) Both series and parallel resistors.
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In series, voltage is the difference and current same.

2. Where current division problem arises

a) Series connected resistors
b) Parallel connected resistors
c) When resistors are equal
d) Both series and parallel resistors.
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In parallel voltage is same and current is the difference.

3. If there are 3 Resistors R1, R2 and R3 in series and V is total voltage and I is total current then
Voltage across R2 is
a) V R3/ R1 + R2 + R3
b) V R2/ R1 + R2 + R3
c) V R1/R1 + R2 + R3
d) V
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: V2 =I R2
= V R2/ R1 + R2 + R3.

4.

Calculate Voltage across 2Ω Resistor where supply v= 10volts.

a) 2V
b) 3V
c) 10V
d) 4V
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: I = 10/5 = 2A
V2 = 10(2)
V2 = I.R2
= 2(2)
4V.

5.

Calculate i =?
a) -1A
b) +2A
c) 8A
d) -5A
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: i = 1/1+3(8)
= 2A.

6. For a parallel connected resistor R1, R2 and a voltage of V volts. Current across the first
resistor is given by
a) I R1
b) I R2
c) I R1 / R1 + R2
d) I R2 / R1 + R2
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: I1 = V / R1
R = R1. R2 / R1 + R2
= I . R1. R2 / R1 . R1 + R2
I1 = I R2 / R1 + R2.

7. R1 = 1Ω, R2 = 3Ω, R3 = 5Ω and R4 = 7Ω connected in series. Total voltage = 20V, Current I,

V2 =?
a) I = 1.23, V2 = 3.75
b) I = 1.25, V2 = 3.75
c) I = 1.15, V2= 3.73
d) I = 1.16, V2 = 3.72
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: I = 20/ 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 1.25A
V2 = V. R2 / R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
= 20(3)/16
= 3.75V.

8. R1 = 1Ω, R2 = 3Ω, R3 = 5Ω and R4 = 7Ω connected in parallel. Total Current = 23A. Then V,

I1 , I2 =?
a) 12.26v, 1.725, 2.875
b) 12.23v, 2.875, 1.725
c) 11.26v, 1.95, 1.74
d) 11.23v, 1.74, 1.95
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: V = I/R
V = I (R1 + R2) R1 R2 = 12.26v
I1 = IR2/ R1 + R2 = 1.725A
I2 = IR1/ R1 + R2
= 2.875A.

9. Voltage division is necessary for parallel resistance networks

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In parallel, connection voltage is same so no division is required.

10. Why is current division necessary?

a) In series current is the same
b) In parallel current differs
c) Because the voltage is also different
d) Because of Kirchhoff’s laws.
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In parallel current differs.
Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Measuring Voltage and Current”.

1. ____________ helps in current measurement by placing it in ____________ with the circuit

element.
a) Voltameter, Parallel
b) Ammeter, series
c) Voltmeter, series
d) Ammeter, parallel
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In series, current is same. So Ammeter is placed in series and is used to measure
current.

2. An ideal voltmeter has ___________ equivalent resistance and ideal ammeter has
___________ equivalent resistance.
a) Unity, Unity
b) Zero, infinite
c) Infinite, Zero
d) Zero, Zero
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: An ideal voltmeter has Infinite equivalent resistance and ideal ammeter has zero
equivalent resistance.

3. Continuous voltages (or) current signals are measured using

a) Tachometers
b) Sonometers
c) Analog meters
d) Digital meters
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Digital meters are used to measure current (or) voltage signals at discrete points in
time known as sampling times.

4. Digital meters are preferable than analog meters.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Features like easy connection, Introduction of less resistance into the circuit to
which they all connected and also due to read out mechanism digital meter are preferred.

5. A 20mv, 1mA d’Arsonval movement is used in an ammeter whose full-scale reading is 10

mA. Determine RA.
a) 2.222Ω
b) 6.667Ω
c) 5.92Ω
d) 3.333Ω
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation:

1 mA flowing through coil implies that 9mA must be diverted through RA.
V = ir
20 * 10-3 = 9 * 10-3 RA
RA= 2.222Ω.

6. A 25mv, 2mA d’Arsonval movement is to be used in voltmeter whose full scale reading is
100v. The resistance inserted by 100v meter into circuit is ___________
a) 1 * 105Ω
b) 1 * 106Ω
c) 1 * 104Ω
d) 1 * 103Ω
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: v = iR
R = v/i
= 100/1mA
= 100,000Ω.

7. An ideal voltmeter functions as __________ circuit

a) A short
b) An open
c) A power
d) An infinite
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An ideal voltmeter offers an infinite equivalent resistance. So acts as an open
circuit.

8. An ideal ammeter functions as __________ circuit

a) A short
b) An open
c) A power
d) An infinite
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: An ideal ammeter offers a zero equivalent resistance. So acts a short circuit.

9. A 100mv, 5mA d’Arsonval movement is to be used in an ammeter whose full-scale reading is

1A. Calculate RA.
a) 0.7 ohms
b) 0.5 ohms
c) 0.1 ohms
d) 0.2 ohms
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: 5mA is flowing through the coil which implies 995mA are diverted through R A.
V = iR
= 100 * 10-3
= 995 * 10-3 RA
RA = 0.100Ω.

10. A 122mv, 12mA d’Arsonval movement is to be used in voltmeter whose full scale reading is
120v. The resistance inserted by 120v _____________
a) 1200Ω
b) 12000Ω
c) 1000Ω
d) 10,000Ω
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: R =120/12 * 10-3
= 10,000Ω.
Questions and Answers for freshers focuses on “Measuring Resistance the Wheatstone Bridge
and Delta-to-Wye (Pi-to-Tee) Equivalent Circuits”.

1. The Wheatstone Bridge is mainly used to measure ______________

a) Currents
b) Voltages
c) Node potentials
d) Resistances
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Resistances can be measured by various methods. Wheatstone bridge is one such
method. In this method resistances in the range of 1Ω to 1 MΩ can be measured.

2. The relation between the resistances in the given Wheatstone bridge circuit is _____________

a) P/S = R/Q
b) PR = QS
c) P/Q = R/S
d) PQ = RS
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The relation is P/Q=R/S or PS=QR.
3. Find the unknown resistance value in given circuit.

a) 10.2Ω
b) 11.7Ω
c) 10.5Ω
d) 11.5Ω
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A/B=C/D. Using this D= 10.2Ω.

4. Lower resistances are difficult to measure using Wheatstone bridge circuit because of
____________
a) Leakage currents
b) I2R effects
c) Power dissipation
d) Thermal breakdown
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A standard Wheatstone bridge couldn’t measure lower resistances because of
thermoelectric voltages which are generated at the junctions of the dissimilar metals and also
because of thermal heating effects- that is, i2R effects.

5. If P/Q=1, unknown resistance S=1000Ω and R could be varied from 0 to 100Ω then the bridge
could be ___________
a) A balanced circuit
b) A rectified circuit
c) An unbalanced circuit
d) An identical circuit
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: P/Q=R/S. If P/Q=1 then according to given range of R and S, the bridge circuit
could never be a balanced one.

6. The other name for Delta connection is ___________

a) Star connection
b) Pi connection
c) T connection
d) Y connection
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Delta connection is also known as Pi connection because the ∆ can be shaped into π
without disturbing the electrical equivalence of both the structures.

7. Star connection can also be called as Y (or) T connection.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Star connection can also be called as Y (or) T connection because the star can be
shaped into Y or T without disturbing the electrical equivalence of both the structures.

8. If R2 = RC RA / (RA +RB +RC ) then R3 equals?

a) RA RB / (RA +RB +RC )
b) RC RA / (RA +RB +RC )
c) RB RC / (RA +RB +RC )
d) RX RA / (RA +RB +RC )
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: R3 = RA RB / (RA +RB +RC ).
9. Convert the given Delta circuit to star circuit and give the Ra , Rb and Rc values.

a) Ra=5Ω, Rb = 4.5Ω, Rc=4.67Ω

b) Ra=4Ω, Rb=4.30Ω, Rc=4.66Ω
c) Ra=3Ω, Rb=4Ω, Rc =5Ω
d) Ra=5.2Ω, Rb=4.2Ω, Rc =4.89Ω
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: By using the standard formulae the delta circuit can be converted into star circuit.

10. Find VAB if iAB = 5A.

a) 32.76V
b) 35.56V
c) 36.12V
d) 34.21V
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: By converting the star circuits into the delta and then measuring the equivalent
resistance, voltage value can be calculated using this resistance and the given current value.
11. Convert the given star network into Pi network and calculate the sum of all the resistances in
the obtained Pi network.

a) 125.5Ω
b) 122.5Ω
c) 127.8Ω
d) 129.8Ω
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Conversion of given network into delta gives the resistances.
After that sum of the resistances equals 122.5Ω.

12. The star and delta networks would be electrically equal if resistances measured between any
pair of terminals __________
a) Is different
b) Greater in star
c) Greater in delta
d) Is equal
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The star and delta networks would be electrically equal if a resistance measured
between any pair of terminals is same.

13. A Wheatstone bridge is balanced when the galvanometer shows __________ reading.
a) 0A
b) 1A
c) Infinity
d) -1A
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A Wheatstone bridge is balanced when the galvanometer shows 0A reading when
resistors obey P/Q=R/S.

14. __________ are difficult to measure using Wheatstone bridge.

a) Higher resistances
b) Currents
c) Lower resistances
d) Voltages
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Specifically Kelvin Bridge is used for measuring lower resistances.

15. What will be the resistance between B and C when the network given below is converted into
delta?

a) 13Ω
b) 8.66Ω
c) 6.5Ω
d) 7.33Ω
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Resistance between B and C = 2+4+ ((2*4)/3).
3. Questions & Answers on Techniques of Circuit Analysis

The section contains questions and answers on node voltage and mesh current method, source
transformations, thevenin and norton equivalents, maximum power transfer and superposition.

The Node-Voltage Method and Dependent

Sources and Some Special Cases
The Mesh-Current Method and Dependent
Sources and Some Special Cases
The Node-Voltage Method Versus the Mesh-
Current Method
Source Transformations
Thevenin and Norton Equivalents, More on
Deriving a Thevenin Equivalent
Maximum Power Transfer and Superposition
Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “The Node-Voltage Method and Dependent Sources
and Some Special Cases”.

1. Nodal analysis is mainly based on __________

a) KCL
b) KVL
c) Wheatstone bridge principle
d) Faraday’s electric laws
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Nodal analysis or Node-Voltage method is done by identifying the currents at the
node and thereby forming equations.

2. If there are n nodes, then how many node-voltage equations are required?
a) n
b) n+1
c) n-1
d) 1
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: If there are n nodes then n-1 nodal equations are required to describe the circuit.

3. Find VA and VB using Node-Voltage method in the given circuit.

a) 2.5V, 3.6V
b) 2.87V, 3.25V
c) 2.65V, 3.47V
d) 3.15V, 2.76V
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Node A: VA/2 + (VA-1)/2 + (VA-VB)/1 =2
Node B: (VB-2)/2 + (VB-VA)/1 =1
By solving the above equations required voltages are obtained.

4. A supernode is between _____________

a) Essential node and reference node
b) Two reference nodes
c) Two essential nodes
d) Essential node and neutral path
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A supernode is between two essential nodes.
5. Find V3 in the circuit given below.

a) 4.833V
b) 2.616V
c) -4.833V
d) -2.616V
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: supernode: V3-V2 = 5V
Node1: 166V1-100V2-66V3 =132
Node3: -166V1+265V2+99V3 =0
On solving the required voltage is obtained.

6. Find all the node voltages in the given circuit containing dependent sources.
a) 10V, 20V, 30V, 40V
b) 15V, 25V, 32V, 45V
c) 10V, -20V, 30V, -40V
d) -15V, 25V, -35V, 45V
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: At supernode: VC-VB=5iX
And ix = (VB-VA)/5. On solving remaining nodes and forming equations, the required voltage
values at nodes are obtained.

7. What is the voltage at 2nd terminal in the given circuit?

a) 132.57V
b) 137.25V
c) 173.25V
d) 123.57V
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Given voltage source 135V is in between essential node and reference node. So that
implies V1 =135V. Using this, V2 can be calculated.

8. If there are 5 nodes then the no of nodal equations are ___________

a) 5
b) 0
c) 1
d) 4
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: If there are n nodes then n-1 nodal equations are required to describe the circuit.
9. If there are (N-2+3) Node-Voltage equations then the number of nodes in the circuit are
__________
a) N+2
b) N+1
c) N
d) N-1
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: If there are n nodes then n-1 nodal equations are required to describe the circuit. So,
given N-2+3 i.e. N+1 nodal equations and it implies N+2 nodes.

10. The reference node is also known as __________

a) Essential node
b) Principle node
c) Datum node
d) Neutral node
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The node taken for reference in the network is known as reference node or datum
node.

11. If there are 9 nodes, then how many node-voltage equations are required?
a) 9
b) 10
c) 8
d) 1
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: If there are n nodes then n-1 nodal equations are required to describe the circuit.

12. There are 13 branches in a complicated network and nearly 8 nodes. How many equations are
required to solve the circuit in node-voltage method?
a) 7
b) 13
c) 5
d) 6
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Branches number is not required in this method. Only nodes number is required.

Questions and Answers for Experienced people focuses on “The Mesh-Current Method and
Dependent Sources and Some Special Cases”.
1. The loop which does not contain any other inner loop is known as _____________
a) A node
b) A mesh
c) A branch
d) A super mesh
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A mesh is defined as a loop which does not contain any other loop within it.

2. If there are 6 branches and 4 essential nodes, how many equations are required to describe a
circuit in mesh-current method?
a) 3
b) 6
c) 4
d) 2
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In Mesh-Current method, b-(n-1) equations are required to describe the circuit. b=
the number of branches and n= the number of essential nodes.

3. Find the current flowing through 5Ω resistor in the given circuit.

a) 0.57A
b) 0.64A
c) 0.78A
d) 0.89A
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: There are 3 meshes in the given circuit. Assuming currents I1, I2, I3 in the 3 meshes
and by applying KVL, equations will be obtained which on solving gives the respective currents
flowing in the circuits.

4. A Super Mesh analysis could be done when there is a common _____________ between any
two loops.
a) Voltage source
b) Current source
c) Resistor
d) Both voltage and current source
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A Super Mesh analysis could be done when there is a common current source
between any two loops.

5. Calculate the current flowing through 10Ω resistor in the circuit shown below.

a) ±0.435A
b) ±0.985A
c) 1.217A
d) 2.782A
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Loop2 and loop3 forms a supermesh.
Supermesh: I3-I2=4
Loop1: 11I1-10I2=2
KVL at Supermesh: -2I1+3I2+3I3=0
Solving these gives the currents flowing in the circuit and current through 10Ω resistor is either
I1-I2 or I2-I1.
6. Find the power delivered by the voltage source in the network given below.

a) 65Watts
b) 72Watts
c) 63Watts
d) 76Watts
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: 3 loops and a supermesh between loop1 and loop3. Using KVL currents are found
out. I1=9A, I2=2.5A, I3=2A. As voltage source is in 1st loop, Power delivered by voltage
source=V*I1.

7. The Mesh-Current method is applicable only for ___________

a) Non-linear networks
b) Equivalent networks
c) Non-planar networks
d) Planar networks
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The Mesh-Current method is applicable only for Planar networks. A network is said
to be planar if there are no crossovers in it and it can be drawn freely on a plane surface.
8. Find the value of VX in the circuit given below.

a) –0.8A
b) +0.8A
c) -4.8A
d) +4.8A
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Applying KVL, currents could be found out. I1=0.4A, I2=2.4A. VX=-I1R1.

9. A Supermesh is formed between two loops which share a common voltage source.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Meshes that share a current source with other meshes, none of which contains a
current source in the outer loop, forms a supermesh.

10. If 4 equations are required to describe a circuit by Mesh-Current method and there are n
nodes. How many branches are there in the network?
a) n+5
b) n+3
c) n
d) n-1
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Standard formulae: b-(n-1)
Given b-(n-1) =4 -> b=4+ (n-1) =n+3.
11. If there are 16 branches and 5 essential nodes, how many equations are required to describe a
circuit in mesh-current method?
a) 12
b) 16
c) 21
d) 9
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In Mesh-Current method, b-(n-1) equations are required to describe the circuit.
b=the number of branches and n= the number of essential nodes.

12. Determine the current through 3Ω resistor in the network given below.

a) 2A
b) 3A
c) 4A
d) -2A
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Mesh1 and Mesh2 form a super mesh. Assuming currents I1 and I2 and applying
KVL, the current through required resistor is found out.

13. Mesh analysis is best suitable for _____________

a) Current sources
b) Voltage sources
c) Complex elements
d) Unilateral elements
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Mesh analysis is best suitable for Current sources.
Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “TThe Node-Voltage Method Versus the Mesh-
Current Method”.

1. Which method is best for voltage sources?

a) Mesh analysis
b) Nodal analysis
c) Superposition principle
d) Differentiation method
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Every voltage source connected to the reference node reduces the equations to be
solved. Thus, the node-voltage method is best for voltage sources.

2. When there is a current source between two loops which method is preferred?
a) Mesh-voltage analysis
b) Node-current analysis
c) Supermesh
d) Supernode
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Supermesh is taken into consideration when there is a current source n between two
loops and is considered as one single loop.
3. Determine the current through 5Ω resistor in the network given below.

a) 3.38A
b) 6.01A
c) 3.27A
d) 1.27A
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: This problem can be solved quickly by using the mesh-current method. 3loops=3
KVL equations. Solving them gives respective currents.

4. Find the power supplied by the dependent voltage source in the circuit given below.

a) 400W
b) 383W
c) 412W
d) 148W
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: 3loops=3KVL equations. Solving them gives currents flowing in the circuit. I1=5A,
I2=-1.47A, I3=0.56A .Power supplied by dependent voltage source =0.4V1 (I1-I2).

5. Determine the voltage V2 of the network given.

a) 0V
b) 1V
c) 4/7V
d) -4/7V
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: As there are voltage sources and nodes, node-voltage method is best suitable.
Solving gives V1 =4/7V and V2=0 (since there is no voltage source near node2).

6. If there are b branches and n nodes, then how many node-voltage equations are required?
a) n
b) b+1
c) n-1
d) b
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: If there are n nodes then n-1 nodal equations are required to describe the circuit.
Branches do nothing in this case.

7. There are 6 branches and 2 essential nodes then 3 equations are required to describe a circuit
in the mesh-current method.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In Mesh-Current method, b-(n-1) equations are required to describe the circuit. b=
the number of branches and n= the number of essential nodes. So, 6-(2-1) =5.

8. Determine V1 of the given network.

a) -0.17V
b) 4.83V
c) 5V
d) 2.62V
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Supernode: V3-V2=5. Applying KCL at node1 and at supernode gives the equations
which on solving, required voltages are obtained.

9. When there is a voltage source between two nodes which method is preferred?
a) Mesh-voltage analysis
b) Node-current analysis
c) Supermesh
d) Supernode
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Supernode is taken into consideration when there is a voltage source n between two
nodes.

10. Which is the best-preferred method to calculate currents flowing in the circuit?
a) Mesh-voltage analysis
b) Node-current analysis
c) Superposition principle
d) Duality principle
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: By KVL, currents can be easily found out in mesh-voltage method.

Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Source Transformations”.

1. By using source transformation voltage source in series resistor is replaced by __________
a) Voltage source in series with a resistor
b) Current source in parallel with a resistor
c) Voltage source in parallel with a resistor
d) Current source in series with a resistor
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In Source transformation, a voltage source in series with a resistor is replaced by a
current source in parallel with the same resistor and vice versa.

2. Source Transformation is _____________

a) Unilateral
b) Unique
c) Bilateral
d) Complicated
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In Source transformation, a voltage source in series with a resistor is replaced by a
current source in parallel with the same resistor and vice versa. So, it is bilateral.

3. If there are two resistors in parallel and in series with a voltage source then ___________
a) Parallel resistor has no effect
b) Series resistor has no effect
c) Both has their respective effects
d) Both has no effect on the voltage source
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In source transformation, the voltage source in series with a resistor to be replaced
by a current source in parallel with the same resistor and vice versa. So other resistors are
redundant and have no effect.

4. Using source transformation, calculate the voltage.

a) 4.33V
b) 39V
c) 0.230V
d) 36V
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: V=IR=13*3=39V.

5. Which element(s) has no effect in the given circuit?

a) 7Ω
b) 10Ω
c) Both 7Ω and 10Ω
d) Voltage source.
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Voltage in series with a resistor in replaced by a current source but here 10Ω is in
parallel. So, it is redundant and has no effect.

6. The value of current source is __________ after replacing the given network with a single
current source and a resistor.

a) 70V
b) 60V
c) 90V
d) 80V
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In the given circuit 9Ω resistor has no effect.
10*6=60V, 60V+20V=80V.

7. If there is a 12A current source in series with 2Ω and in parallel with a 4Ω resistor, then
voltage V=?
a) 24V
b) 48V
c) 3V
d) 6V
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: 2Ω resistor is redundant. 12*4=48V.

8. Find the current flowing through 4Ω resistor shown in network below.

a) 1.33A
b) 2.35A
c) 1.66A
d) 2.66A
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: By using source transformation the above network is reduced and then by current
division rule I4Ω= 5*(2/2+4) =1.66A.
9. Calculate the power delivered by the 50V source.

a) 274W
b) 276W
c) 285W
d) 291W
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: By using source transformation the above network is reduced and current in the
circuit is found out and later power delivered by 50V source= 50*current in the circuit=
50*5.48A= 274W.

10. Source transformation can be used for dependent sources.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Source transformation can be used for dependent sources. However, the controlling
variable must not be tampered with any way since the controlled source operation depends on it.
11. Using source transformation, calculate vm.

a) 2v
b) -2v
c) 1v
d) -1v
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Using source transformation, the network is reduced and at last voltage is obtained.

12. Find the voltage value Vm in the circuit given below.

a) -3V
b) 3V
c) 2.1V
d) -2.1V
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Using source transformation, the voltage source in series with a resistor to be
replaced by a current source in parallel with the same resistor and vice versa.

13. Source transformation technique is mainly based on __________ law.

a) Newton’s
b) Kirchhoff’s
c) Ohm’s
d) Einstein’s
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Ohm’s law: V=iR. By using this, the voltage/ current sources are reduced.

14. In source transformation,

a) Voltage sources remain same
b) Current sources remain same
c) Both voltage and current sources undergo change
d) Resistances/Impedances remain same
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In source transformation, only the particular voltage/current sources change
whereas the resistances remain same.

15. If there are five 20V voltage sources in parallel, then in source transformation __________
a) All are considered
b) Only one is considered
c) All are ignored
d) Only 2 are considered
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In parallel, voltages are same. So, only is considered and rest are ignored.
Questions and Answers for Experienced people focuses on “Thevenin and Norton Equivalents,
More on Deriving a Thevenin Equivalent”.
1. Find the voltage across 24Ω resistor by using Thevenin’s theorem.

a) 8V
b) 9V
c) 1V
d) 6V
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: 1. Remove 24Ω resistor and calculate the voltage across the open circuit.
2. Calculate the thevenin’s resistance and by using it, the thevenin’s current.
3. V24Ω=I*R (can also verify by using Nodal analysis).

2. Calculate Thevenin’s voltage for the network shown below where the voltage source is 4V.

a) 6V
b) 4.71V
c) 5V
d) 1V
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In the circuit given, thevenin’s voltage is nothing but the open circuit voltage which
is Vx. Applying KVL, it is obtained.

3. Find the Thevenin’s resistance for the network given.

a) 6.75Ω
b) 5.85Ω
c) 4.79Ω
d) 1.675Ω
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Remove all the voltage/current sources and calculate the equivalent resistance.
4. Find the current through (5+j4) Ω resistor.

a) 0.9-j0.2 A
b) 0.78-j0.1 A
c) 2.7-j0.5 A
d) 1A
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: 1. Remove the 5+j4 Ω branch and calculate thevenin’s voltage.
(V= v across 6Ω resistor- v across 8Ω resistor)
2. Calculate Zth. (10//6 and 8//8)
3. Current= (Vth/ (Zth+Z).

5. The voltage across 6Ω resistor is __________

a) 7.5V
b) 6.78V
c) 20V
d) 8.5V
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Remove the resistor across which voltage is to be calculated and short circuit it. By
using short circuit current and resistance calculate the current across 6Ω resistor and thereby
voltage. (In this 10Ω resistor is also short-circuited since 10//0).

6. Find the Norton’s current for the circuit given below.

a) 5A
b) 3.33A
c) 4A
d) 1.66A
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: IN= (20/10) + (10/5).
7. Calculate IN for the given network.

a) 0A
b) 1A
c) 4.37A
d) 0.37A
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Using nodal analysis Vx is calculated. IN =Vx/4.

8. Calculate RTh for the network given.

a) 8Ω
b) 7Ω
c) 2Ω
d) 1Ω
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: 5//20 and then in series with 3Ω resistor.

9. Thevenin’s equivalent circuit consists of a ____________

a) Voltage source in series with a resistor
b) Current source in parallel with a resistor
c) Voltage source in parallel with a resistor
d) Current source in series with a resistor
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Thevenin’s equivalent circuit contains a Voltage source in series with a resistor.

10. Norton’s equivalent circuit consists of a _____________

a) Voltage source in series with a resistor
b) Current source in parallel with a resistor
c) Both voltage and current sources
d) Current source in series with a resistor
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Norton’s equivalent circuit consists of a Current source in parallel with a resistor.

11. Thevenin’s voltage is equal to ____________

a) Short circuit voltage
b) Open circuit current
c) Open circuit voltage
d) Short circuit current
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Thevenin’s voltage is equal to open circuit voltage.

12. Norton’s current is equal to ____________

a) Short circuit voltage
b) Open circuit current
c) Open circuit voltage
d) Short circuit current
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Norton’s current is equal to Short circuit current.
13. Thevenin’s resistance RTh = ___________
a) VTh/ISC
b) VSC/ITh
c) VTh/ITh
d) VSC /ISC
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Thevenin’s resistance is defined as the ratio of open circuit voltage to the short
circuit current across the terminals of the original circuit.

14. What is the expression forthe thevenin’s current if there is an external resistance in series
with the RTh?
a) VTh/ITh
b) VTh/ (RTh-R)
c) VTh/ (RTh+R)
d) VTh/RTh
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: ITh= VTh/ (RTh+R).

15. One can find the thevenin’s resistance simply by removing all voltage/current sources and
calculating equivalent resistance.
a) False
b) True
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Yes. One can find the thevenin’s resistance simply by removing all voltage/current
sources and calculating equivalent resistance.
Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Maximum Power Transfer and Superposition”.

1. Which of the following is the example to describe the efficiency of power transfer?
a) Communication systems
b) Power utility systems
c) Instrumentation systems
d) Telecom systems
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Power utility systems are good examples for this case as they are concerned with
the generation, transmission and distribution of power in large quantities.

2. In a network maximum power transfer occurs when __________

a) RTh= -RL
b) RTh/RL =0
c) RTh= RL
d) RTh+RL= 1
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Maximum power transfer occurs when load resistance equals the thevenin’s
resistance.

3. Maximum power in terms of the thevenin’s voltage and load resistance __________
a) (VTh) 2 /4RL
b) (VTh) 2 *4RL
c) (VTh) 2 +4RL
d) 4RL/ (VTh) 2
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Pmax= v*i= i*R*i= i2RL = (VTh/(RTh+RL))2*RL. Max power occurs when RL=RTh.

4. Calculate the maximum power delivered across RL of the circuit given.

a) 900W
b) 1025W
c) 2025W
d) 1500W
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Pmax= (VTh/(RTh+RL))2*RL (RTh=RL)
VTh= (150/150+30)*540= 450V
RTh=(150*30)/180= 25Ω (the given resistors are in parallel).

5. Determine the maximum power delivered to the load in the network given.

a) 4.68W
b) 5.75W
c) 3.16W
d) 6.84W
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Load is given across node V2 and reference path. It implies the thevenin’s voltage is
V2. By using nodal analysis this voltage is found out.
RTh=RL= 10Ω//5Ω and in series with 2Ω and then parallel with 3Ω=1.92Ω
Max power = (VTh) 2 /4RL = 4.688W.

6. The Superposition principle is obeyed by ____________

a) Linear networks
b) Non-linear networks
c) Lateral networks
d) Trilateral networks
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A linear system obeys Superposition Principle. In a linear network parameters are
constant i/e/ won’t change with voltage and current.

7. According to Superposition principle response in one element is the algebraic sum of

responses by individual sources acting alone.
a) False
b) True
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: According to Superposition principle response in one element is the algebraic sum
of responses by individual sources acting alone while other sources are non-operative.

8. Find the current in the 3Ω resistor of the given network using Superposition principle.

a) 2.5A
b) 3.125A
c) 6.525A
d) 5.625A
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: 1.When 20v source acting alone: current source is replaced by open circuit. Req=
5+3=8Ω and Current I= 20/8=2.5A
2. When 5A source acting alone: 20v source is replaced by a short circuit. By current division
rule, I3= 25/8=3.125A
Total current through I3= 2.5+3.125=5.625A.

9. Find the current in 5Ω resistor near 12V source using superposition principle in network given

a) 2.9A
b) -2.9A
c) 1A
d) -1A
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Only 3 sources are considered (12V, 10A, 20V), other is dependent (10I).
12v source: I=0.6A
10A source: I=-2.5A through 5Ω resistor and I=7.5A
20v source: I=-1A
Total current = 0.6+ (-2.5) + (-1) = -2.9A.

10. If there are 5 sources in a network out of which 3 are dependent and 2 are independent. For
superposition principle ___________ sources are considered.
a) 5
b) 3
c) 2
d) 0
View Answer

11. Find the current in the 1Ω resistor of the given circuit.

a) 4A
b) 1.33A
c) 2A
d) 0.66A
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: when all the sources are acting alone the corresponding currents are found out using
current division rule and finally all are summated to get the required current through the1Ω
resistor. (Current = 1.33+0.66+2=4A).
12. Find the value of RL in given circuit.

a) 4Ω
b) 5Ω
c) 3Ω
d) 1.66Ω
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: RTh=RL= (2//2) + 2=3Ω.

13. Calculate the maximum power delivered to load in the network given.

a) 1.56W
b) 1.66W
c) 2.33W
d) 2.79W
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: 1.Calculation of VTh. (by using mesh analysis)
2. Calculation of Norton’s current.
3. Calculation of RTh. (RTh=VTh/IN)
4. RTh=RL and PMax= VTh/4RL.
14. In AC networks, maximum power is delivered when __________
a) ZL*ZS*=0
b) ZL+ZS*=1
c) ZL=-ZS*
d) ZL=ZS*
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Max power is delivered when load impedance equals complex conjugate of the
source impedance.

15. Superposition principle states that at a time __________ source(S) acts.

a) All the given sources
b) Only voltage sources
c) Only one source
d) Only current sources
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Only one source acts at a time. Remaining sources are non-operative during this
period.
4. Questions on The Operational Amplifier

The section contains questions on operational amplifier terminals, inverting and noninverting
amplifiers, realistic models.

Operational Amplifier Terminals,Terminal The Summing-Amplifier and Difference-

Voltages and Currents Amplifier Circuit
The Inverting and Non-Inverting Amplifier More Realistic Model for the Operational
Circuit Amplifier
“Operational Amplifier Terminals,Terminal Voltages and Currents”.

1. Op-amp was introduced by __________

a) Fairchild
b) Maxwell
c) Rutherford
d) Sahani
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Op-amp was introduced by Fairchild semiconductor in 1968.

2. The number of terminals in an Op-amp ______________

a) 6
b) 2
c) 5
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Inverting input, the Non-inverting input, Output, Positive power supply, Negative
power supply.

3. The Op-amp is a type of ___________

a) Differential amplifier
b) Integrated amplifier
c) Isolation amplifier
d) Feedback amplifier
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The Op-amp is a type of differential amplifier.

4. In the circuit of Op-amp given V- stands for _________

a) Non-inverting input
b) Non-inverting output
c) Inverting input
d) Inverting output
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: V+: Non-inverting input and V- : Inverting input.

5. When the input voltage difference is small in magnitude, the Op-amp behaves as
____________
a) Non-linear device
b) Linear device
c) Complex device
d) Bipolar device
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When │vp-vn│is small then Op-amp acts as a linear device as the output voltage is
a linear function of input voltages.

6. If the output voltage is not a linear function of input voltage then ____________
a) Op-amp acts a linear device
b) Op-amp acts as a non-linear device
c) Op-amp acts a polar device
d) Op-amp acts as an inverter
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: If output voltage is not a linear function of input voltage then Op-amp acts as a
non-linear device.

7. The negative feedback causes the input voltage difference to ____________

a.) 1
b) Increase
c) Decrease
d) 0
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Negative feedback means a signal is fed back from output terminals to the non-
inverting input terminals and this results in a decrease in input voltage difference.

8. Find the gain for the following circuit.

a) -2
b) 2
c) -1
d) 1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In this circuit, the only node is at the negative terminal of the Op-amp (say Vn) and
by ideal rules of Op-amp, Vn= Vp =0(in this circuit). Gain= Vout/Vin= -R2/R1.

9. Calculate the gain for the Op-amp given.

a) 0.719
b) 2.572
c) 1.390
d) 1.237
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Gain= Vout/Vin= -R2/R1 = -5.98*10-3/4.3*10-3.

10. Given Op-amp is ideal. Calculate vo if va=1v and vb=0v.

a) -4v
b) -2.5v
c) 4v
d) 2.5v
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In the given circuit, a negative feedback exists between Op-amp’s output and its
inverting input (voltage here is 0, as vp =vb=0 and vn=vp). Node-voltage equation is i50=i125=i0.
i50= (va-vn)/50 =1/50 mA.
I125= (v0-vn)/125 = v0/125 mA.
1/50 + v0/125 = 0.
v0 is -2.5volts.

Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “The Inverting and Non-Inverting Amplifier Circuit”.

1. The opamp in the Inverting circuit is in __________

a) Linear region
b) Saturation
c) Cut-off region
d) Non-linear region
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: We assume that the opamp is in linear region.

2. In an Inverting Amplifier circuit, the output voltage vo is expressed as a function of

____________
a) Input current
b) Output current
c) Source voltage
d) Source current
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The goal of an inverting circuit is to express output voltage vo as a function of
source voltage vs.

3. The other name for Gain is ____________

a) Scaling factor
b) Output
c) Amplifying factor
d) Scaling level
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The gain is also known as scaling factor and it is the ratio of Rf/Rs in case of an
Inverting amplifying circuit.

4. If VCC = 12V and vs=1mV, then Rf/Rs is _____________

a) >12000
b) <12000
c) 12000
d) 1
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Rf/Rs ≤ │VCC/vs│.

5. In the expression vo= -Avn, A is called ______________

a) Closed loop gain
b) Closed loop fault
c) Open loop fault
d) Open loop gain
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: A is called open loop gain.

6. The circuits of an inverting and Non-Inverting amplifying comprises of __________ and

_______ number of resistors.
a) 3, 2
b) 2, 3
c) 2, 2
d) 3, 3
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Inverting amplifying circuit- Rs, Rf.
Non-Inverting amplifying circuit – Rs, Rf, Rg.

7. The condition for a Non-inverting amplifying circuit to operate in linear region operation
_____________
a) (Rs+Rf)/Rs < │VCC/vg│
b) (Rs+Rf)/Rs ≠ │VCC/vg│
c) (Rs+Rf)/Rs > │VCC/vg│
d) (Rs+Rf)/Rs = │VCC/vg│
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Assume that opamp is ideal. The condition for the linear region operation in a Non-
inverting amplifying circuit is (Rs+Rf)/Rs <│VCC/vg│.

8. If Rs= 3Ω, Rf= 6Ω then the relation between vo and vg in case of a Non-Inverting amplifying
circuit.
a) vo= 9vg
b) vo= 6vg
c) vo= 3vg
d) vo= vg
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: vo= ((Rs+Rf)/Rs) *vg.

9. If Rs= 5Ω, Rf= 25Ω and -2.5V ≤ vg ≤ 2.5V. What are the smallest power supply voltages that
could be applied and still have opamp in linear region?
a) ±9V
b) ±2.5V
c) ±6V
d) ±15V
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: vo= ((Rs+Rf)/Rs) *vg. By substituting the values, we have vo=6vg.
vo=6(-2.5) = -15
vo=6(2.5) =15.

10. If an inverting amplifying circuit has a gain of 10 and ±15V power supplies are used. The
values of input for which opamp would be in the linear region?
a) ±1.25
b) ±1.5V
c) ±2.25
d) ±0.5
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Gain= Rf/Rs= 10 and vo= (-Rf/Rs)*vs.
→ vo= -10vs and given -12V≤ vo ≤ 12V.
→ -15= -10vs. So, vs= 1.5V
→ 15=-10vs. So, vs=-1.5V.

11. If the gain of an inverting amplifying circuit is 13 and ±22V power supplies are used. What
range of input values allows the opamp to be in linear region?
a) ±1.69
b) ±1.35V
c) ±2.28
d) ±0.5
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Gain= Rf/Rs= 13 and vo= (-Rf/Rs)*vs.
→ vo= -13vs and given -22V≤ vo ≤ 22V.
→ -22= -13vs. So, vs=1.692 V
→ 22=-13vs. So, vs=-1.692V.

12. The input applied to an Inverting amplifier is ______________

a) Equal to output
b) Equal to Inverted output
c) Not equal to output
d) Output is equal to input
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The name itself indicates it is an Inverting amplifier. So, the input applied is
inverted and is given as output. Suppose the input applied is sinusoidal then, the output is

13. In R1=10kΩ, Rf=100kΩ, v1=1V. A load of 25kΩ is connected to the output terminal.
Calculate i1 and vo.

a) 0.5mA, 10V
b) 0.1mA, 10V
c) 0.1mA, -10V
d) 0.5mA, -10V
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: i1= v1/R1 = 1V/10kΩ = 0.1mA
V0= -(Rf/R1)*v1 = -(100kΩ/10kΩ)*1V = -10V.
5. Questions & Answers on Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance

The section contains questions and answers on inductor and capacitor, series parallel
combinations, mutual inductance, rl and rc circuits, natural and unbounded responses, sequential
switching and integrating amplifier.

Inductor and Capacitor

Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and
A General Solution for Step and Natural
Capacitance
Responses
Mutual Inductance and a Close Look at Mutual
Sequential Switching and Unbounded Response
Inductance
The Integrating Amplifier
The Natural and Step Response of an RL
Circuit and RC circuit
Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Inductor and Capacitor”.

1. The symbol used for inductance is __________

a)

b)

c)

d)

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: is the symbol used to represent inductance.

2. The symbol used for capacitance is _____________

a)
b)

c)

d)

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: is the symbol used to represent capacitance.

3. The formula used to find the capacitance C is __________

a) Q/v
b) Qv
c) Q-v
d) Q + v
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Q=cv. Q-charge, V-voltage, c-capacitance.
4. The capacitor doesn’t allow sudden changes in ___________
a) Voltage
b) Current
c) Resistance
d) Capacitance
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Any small change in voltage occurs within zero time across the gives an infinite
current which is practically impossible. So, in a fixed capacitor, the voltage cannot change
abruptly.

5. The Inductor doesn’t allow sudden changes in ___________

a) Voltage
b) Current
c) Resistance
d) Inductance
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Any small change in current occurs within zero time across the gives an infinite
voltage which is practically impossible. So, in a fixed inductor, the voltage cannot change
abruptly.

6. The expression for energy of an inductor ____________

a) ½ LI
b) L/2I
c) ½ L2I
d) ½ LI2
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: E=∫p dt
=∫ LI*(dI/dt).dt
= L∫I dI
= ½ LI2.

7. The units for inductance is _________ and capacitance is ___________

a) Faraday, Henry
b) Coulomb, Faraday
c) Henry, Faraday
d) Henry, Coulomb
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The unit for inductance is ‘Henry’ and capacitance is ‘Faraday’.

8. The voltage applied to a pure capacitor of 50*10-6 F is as shown in figure. Calculate the
current for 0-1msec.

a) 5A
b) 1A
c) -5A
d) -1A
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For 0≤t≤1msec,
V (t) =m*t (y=mx form)
→100= 1*10-3*m →m= 1*105
→ V (t) = 1*105t
Current I (t) = c. d (v (t))/dt = 50*10-6* (d (1*105t)/dt) = 5A.

9. If a capacitor of capacitance 9.2F has a voltage of 22.5V across it. Calculate the energy of the
capacitor.
a) 5062.5W
b) 506.25W
c) 50.625W
d) 50625W
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: E= ½ cv2.
10. The voltage applied to the 212mH inductor is given by v(t)= 15e-5tv. Calculate the current.
a) 16.782e-10t
b) 15.75e-5t
c) 11.27e-10t
d) 14.15e-5t
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Current I(t)= 1/L 0∫t v*dt.

11. A voltage across a capacitor of 0.5F is defined by

V (t) = [0, t<0
2t, 0<t<2s
4e-(t-2), t>2s] Find i (t).
a) -2e-(t-2) A
b) -4e-(t-2) A
c) -20e-(t-2) A
d) -12e-(t-2) A
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: i= C*(dv/dt).

12. If the voltage across a capacitor is constant, then current passing through it is ________
a) 1
b) 0
c) -1
d) Infinity
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: I= c*(dv/dt).

13. An Inductor works as a ___________ circuit for DC supply.

a) Open
b) Short
c) Polar
d) Non-polar
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Induced voltage across an inductor is zero if the current flowing through it is
constant. I.e. Inductor works as a short circuit for DC supply.

14. The insulating medium between the two plates of capacitor is known as __________
a) Electrode
b) Capacitive medium
c) Conducting medium
d) Dielectric
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The conducting surfaces are called electrodes and the insulating medium is called
Dielectric.

15. If the current flowing through an inductor of inductance 0.3Henry is 5.3t2+4.7t. Calculate the
power.
a) 0
b) 1
c) 16.854t3+22.41t2+6.62t
d) 15.3t3+27.8t2+19
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: P= L*i*(di/dt).

6. Questions on Natural and Step Responses of RLC Circuits

The section contains questions on natural and step responce of parallel and series rlc circuits,
integrating amplifiers.

Introduction to the Natural Response of a The Natural and Step Response of a Series RLC
Parallel RLC Circuit Circuit
The Step Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit A Circuit with Two Integrating Amplifiers

7. Questions & Answers on Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis

The section contains questions and answers on sinusoidal source and response, phasor, passive
circuit elements, kirchoffs law, series and parallel simplifications, thevenin norton equivalent
circuits, node voltage method, transformer and ideal transformer, phasor diagrams and
instantaneous power.

The Sinusoidal Source and Response

The Phasor
The Passive Circuit Elements in the Frequency The Node-Voltage and Mesh-Current Method
Domain The Transformer
Kirchhoff’s Laws in the Frequency Domain The Ideal Transformer
Series, Parallel, and Delta-to-Wye Phasor Diagrams
Simplifications Instantaneous Power
Source Transformations and Thevenin-Norton
Equivalent Circuits

8. Questions on Sinusoidal Steady-State Power Calculations

The section contains questions on average and reactive power, rms value, complex power, power
calculations and maximum power transfer.

Average and Reactive Power

Power Calculations
The rms Value and Power Calculations
Maximum Power Transfer
Complex Power

9. Questions & Answers on Balanced Three-Phase Circuits

The section contains questions and answers on three phase voltage sources, wye delta circuits,
three phase circuits and average power.

Power Calculations in Balanced Three-Phase

Three-Phase Voltage Sources
Circuits
Analysis of the Wye-Wye and Wye-Delta
Measuring Average Power in Three-Phase
Circuit
Circuits

10. Questions on Introduction to the Laplace Transform

The section contains questions on laplace transform, impulse function, functional and operational
transforms, inverse transforms, poles and zeros, initial and final value theorems.

Definition of the Laplace Transform Inverse Transforms

The Step and Impulse Function Poles and Zeros of F(s)
Functional and Operational Transforms Initial- and Final-Value Theorems
Applying the Laplace Transform

11. Questions & Answers on The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis

The section contains questions and answers on transfer function, convolution integral, steady
state sinusodial response, s domain analysis.

Circuit Elements and Analysis in the s Domain The Transfer Function and the Convolution
Applications Integral
The Transfer Function The Transfer Function and the Steady-State
The Transfer Function in Partial Fraction Sinusoidal Response
Expansions The Impulse Function in Circuit Analysis

12. Questions on Introduction to Frequency Selective Circuits

The section contains questions on low pass, high pass, bandpass and band reject filters.

Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters Bandpass and Bandreject Filters

13. Questions & Answers on Active Filter Circuits

The section contains questions and answers on low pass and high pass filters, scaling, op amp
filters, narrowband bandpass filters.

First-Order Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters

Higher Order Op Amp Filters
Scaling
Narrowband Bandpass and Bandreject Filters
Op Amp Bandpass and Bandreject Filters

14. Questions on Fourier Series

The sections covers questions on fourier coefficient, applications, rms value of periodic function,
amplitude and phase spectra, exponential form of fourier series.

The Fourier Coefficient

Average-Power Calculations with Periodic
The Effect of Symmetry on the Fourier
Functions
Coefficients Jo
The rms Value of a Periodic Function
Alternative Trigonometric Form of the Fourier
The Exponential Form of the Fourier Series
Series
Amplitude and Phase Spectra
Application
15. Questions & Answers on The Fourier Transform

The sections covers questions and answers on fourier transform derivation, fourier integral
convergence, laplace transforms, parsevals theorem, circuit applications.

Fourier Transforms in the Limit and Some

The Derivation of the Fourier Transform
Mathematical Properties
The Convergence of the Fourier Integral
Operational Transforms and Parseval’s
Using Laplace Transforms to Find Fourier
Theorem
Transforms
Circuit Applications

16. Questions on Two-Port Circuits

The sections covers questions on terminal equations and two port parameters, two port circuit
analysis and terminated two port circuit.

The Terminal Equations and the Two-Port

Parameters Interconnected Two-Port Circuits
Analysis of the Terminated Two-Port Circuit
Best Reference Books – Basic Electric Circuits
We have compiled a list of Best Reference Books on Basic Electric Circuits Subject. These books are used
by students of top universities, institutes and colleges.

Here is the full list of best reference books on Basic Electric Circuits.

1. “Basic Circuit Analysis” by K V V Murthy and M S Kamath

2. “Engineering Circuit Analysis” by W H Hayt and J E Kemmerley
3. “Basic Electric Circuit Theory” by I D Mayergoyz
4. “BASICS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS: AC and DC Circuits” by Mohamed Hamed
5. Electric Circuits” by James William Nilsson and Susan Riedel
6. “Understandable Electric Circuits” by Meizhong Wang
7. ”Electric Circuits” by Joseph A Edminister
8. 3000 Solved Problems in Electric Circuits” by Syed A Nasar
9. “Fundamentals of Electric Circuits” by Charles K Alexander and Matthew N. O. Sadiku
10. “Electricial Engineering and the Science of Circuits” by Binding and James Bow
Manish Bhojasia, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at
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