Reduced Switching Noise Dc-Dc Converter

Applied Improve Switch Control

Modulation Method

Atsushi Hirota Bin Guo Saad Mekhilef Mutsuo Nakaoka

The Electrical and Computer Engineering Panasonic University of Malaya University of Malaya /
Akashi National College of Technology Kusatsu, Japan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Kyungnam University
Akashi, Japan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia /
Masan, Korea-South

Abstract - To generate the switch control signal of power convert­

ers, pulse width modulation (PWM) measure is widely used. But
Comparator
this method causes large switching noise peaks on the carrier fre­ (error e;)
quency. When deIta-sigma modulation technique is used for power

converter, this problem does not occur. Still the same problem arises
Input
in the case of dc-dc converter.
(x;)
T his paper proposes a dc-dc converter introduces improved delta­

sigma modulation circuit, and examine the switching noise compo­

(e;)
nent.
Fig.!. Block di agram o f delta-s igma modul ation c i rcu i t.
Keywords-switching noise; delta-sigm a; dc-dc converter

I. INT R ODUCTION the circuit consists of a comparator and one sample delay ele­
ment. The comparator takes the input signal sequence x; and the
The switching pattern of the power converters are produced
one sample former error sequence e;.!, and if the comparator in­
by pulse width modulation (PWM) measure. This scheme com­
put is greater than the threshold level, delta-sigma modulation
pares the reference signal to the carrier signal every carrier in­
circuit puts+1, and the other case the modulator puts zero. The
terval. Therefore, large noise peak component arises on the car­
relation between the input sequence x; and the output sequence
rier frequency. In the case of delta-sigma modulation circuit is
y; is as in
used for power converter, this problem improves. The large
y;=x;+(e;-ei-l) (1)
switching noise peak problem occurs nevertheless.
From this equation,y; consists of x; and difference of e( Fig.2
This paper proposes a dc-dc converter adopting improved
depicts the quantum error noise characteristics. The quantum
delta-sigma modulation technique. The proposed converter mixes
the reference signal with variation signal. Therefore the con­
verter keeps delta-sigma modulation character, and does not raise
large switching noise. This character is useful for mobile equip­
ment because low-pass filter size can be small. About the refer­
ence signal variation, the switching noise character is studied.

11. DELTA-SIGMA MODULATION CIRCUIT frequency

In this paper a new method based on delta-sigma modulation

circuit, and Fig. 1 represents the block diagram of delta-sigma
Fig. 2. Qua ntu m e rror nois e distribut ion.
modulation circuit. This scheme samples the reference signal

978-1-4799-4315-9/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE 1292

error noise distribution is uniform to the frequency axis in the
case ofPWM, the distribution changes in the case of delta-sigma TABLE 1I
ANALYTICAL CONDITIONS
modulation circuit [1], [2]. If the sampling frequency is settled
enough large value, quantum error noise is suppressed around Symool Condition

Is 6l.44 (kHz)
the signal frequency. The increased noise around Nyquist fre­
V
in 100 (V)
quency can be removed by using low-pass filter. As a result, low
La 2000 (J.lH)
error noise quantum conversion can be achieved [3]-[5].
Ca 1000 (!IF)

Ill. PR OPOSED DC-DC C ONVERTER Ra 200 (n)

Fig. 3 shows the proposed dc-dc converter. To apply delta-

sigma modulation circuit to dc-dc converter, the white noise is
1.0
used. The reference signal is multiplied by the white noise and
gives the variation. The average of the noise signal is 0.5 then 0.8

the reference signal is multiplied by 2. By means of this, dc-dc l:1

S
'"'
0. 6
converter applied delta-sigma modulation is realized, and this -::::
:::
.� 0.4
can reduce large switching noise component. '"'

0.2
IV. ANALYSES AND RES ULTS
0.0
The switch noise characteristics are studied about the refer-
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
time (sec)
ence signal variation. Table I shows the parameter symbols.
(a)
Under the condition indicated in Table 11, analyses are carried
50
out. Fig. 4 illustrates the switch state, the output voltage and the
40
La �
"" 30

rl
"

S
C
,.
" 20
Ra B-

I
"
"
10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
time (sec)

(b)

Fig. 3. Proposed dc-de converte r. 0.5

0.4
TABLE I
SYMBOL DEFINITION ] 0.3

Symool defn
i ition �;:; 0.2
fs sampling frequency
V voltage source amplitude 0.1
in
...... ".111.1,
La inductance 0.0 . ,"""'-.. '"
'I
capacitance
J(j 1d 104
frequency (Hz)
load resistance

de component in swit ch control signal (c)

de component of output voltage Fig. 4. Anal yti cal wavefomls and spectrum of reference amplitude 0.3:
ac component of out put voltage (a) switch state; (b) the output voltage ; (c) switch slate speclrum .

2014 IEEE 9th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA) 1293
spectrum of the switch signal in the case of the reference ampli­
tude is 0.3. The output voltage is almost constant, and there is
not large noise component. Consequently, the large switching
noise does not occur about the proposed converter. Fig. 5 and
Fig. 6 express in the case of the reference signal amplitude is 0.5
and 0.7 respectively. Over the reference amplitude variation, it
is clarified that the large noise component does not arise.
The switch signal component and the output voltage are ex­
amined and Table III shows the results. The switch state signal
is equal to the reference amplitude. Because there is no feed­
back control, the output voltage varies by the reference condi­
tion. The ripple component of the output voltage is small.
From these results, the proposed converter does not cause large
switching noise components and is profitable to keep the noise
regulation.

1.0 1.0

0.8 0.8

� "
0.6
� � 0.6
..:::
1i
.�'" 0.4
.�'" 0.4

0.2 0.2

0.0 0.0
3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 16x10·
lime (sec) time (sec)

(a) (a)

80
60
output voltage (V)
output voltage (V)

60
40
40

20
20

0 0
-3 -3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 16x10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 16x10
time (sec) time (sec)

(b) (b)

0.7 0.7
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.5
amplitude

amplitude

0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0
2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
frequency (Hz) frequency (Hz)

(c) (c)

Fig. 5. Analytical wave fonns and spectrum o f reference ampl itu de 0.5: Fig. 6. Analyti cal wave fonns and spectrum o f reference ampLitude 0.7:
(a) switch state; (b) the output voltage ; (c) switch statespectrum. (a) switch state; (b) the output volt age ; (c) switch statespectrum.

1294 2014 IEEE 9th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)
 V. CONCLUSIONS
T ABLE III
SWlTCH SIGNAL AND OLTAGE COMPONENTS
V
This paper proposed a simple construction dc-dc converter.
(a) REFERENCE 0.3; (b) REFERENCE 0.5; (C) REFERENCE 0.7
The converter applied improved delta-sigma modulation circuit.
(a)
The converter was studied under the reference amplitude varia­
Symm/ Value
SWodc 0.300 tion. As a result, the proposed converter could suppress large

Vodc(V)
46.4 switching noise components. This character can reduce low-pass

Voac(V)
9.48xI0-2 filter size and converter volume. And it was clarified that the
proposed converter was profitable.
(b)

REFERENCES
Symm/ Value
[I] J. C. Candy and G. C. Temes. "Over Sampling Delta-sigma Data Converters
SWodc 0.500
-Theory Design and Simulation". IEEE Press. 1 992.
Vodc(V)
70.2
[2] R. Schreider, and G. C. Temes, "Understanding delta-sigma data convert­
Voac(V)
2.82xI0-1
ers", IEEE Press, 2004.
[3] J. Nieznanski, A. Wojewodka, and P. J. Chrzan "Comparison of vector sigma­
(c)
delta modulation and space-vector PWM", Proceedings of IEEE IECON,

Symm/ Value pp. 1322-1327, October 2000.

SWodc 0.699 [4] A. Hirota, S. Nagai, and M. Nakaoka, "A simple configured reducing noise

88.6 peak dc-dc converter introducing delta-sigma modulation circuit", Proceed­

Vodc(V)
ings of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp.
Voac(V)
5.32xI0-1
151 5-1519, March 2005.
[5] A. Hirota, S. Nagai, and M. Nakaoka, "A novel delta-sigma modulated space
vector modulation scheme using scalar delta-sigma modulators", Proceed­
ings of IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp. 485-489, June

2003.

2014 IEEE 9th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA) 1295