Road, Sewer and Watermain Design and Construction Specs

THE REGIONAL
MUNICIPALITY
OF DURHAM
WORKS DEPARTMENT
DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
SPECIFICATIONS
FOR REGIONAL
SERVICES
ABOUT THIS MANUAL
Please find attached for your information and use, Manual # of the
Region of Durham Design and Construction Specifications.
It is our intention that this information be used for the design and/or
construction of Region of Durham services.
This Manual can be found on our web site at www.durham.ca located under
‘Departments/Works/Design and Construction Specifications for Regional
Services’.
As a holder of the manual in the hard copy format you will be notified by
email of any revisions.
For ordering the manual, please use our online ‘Order Form’.
Should you have any questions regarding the information within this
manual, please contact the Region of Durham at 905-668-7711 or 1-800-
372-1102.
The Regional Municipality of Durham

Works Department
P. O. Box 623
605 Rossland Road East
WHITBY ONTARIO L1N 6A3
E-mail:
works@durham.ca
or
www.durham.ca
May 2012
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS INDEX
FOR REGIONAL SERVICES
DESIGN CRITERIA
ENGINEERING SUBMISSIONS
ROADS and ENTRANCEWAYS
STORM SEWERS
SANITARY SEWERS
WATERMAINS
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES, PAVEMENT MARKINGS, SIGNAGE and
ROADSIDE PROTECTION
APPENDICES
APPROVED MANUFACTURERS’ PRODUCT LIST
STANDARD DRAWINGS
SERIES TITLE
S-100 STORM AND SANITARY SEWERS
S-200 WATERMAINS
S-300 ROADS
S-400 TRAFFIC
S-500 TRANSIT
CAD DRAWING STANDARDS
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
DIVISON 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION
REVISIONS
RECORD OF REVISIONS
The Regional Municipality of Durham April 2013

Works Department
THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM
WORKS DEPARTMENT
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
FOR REGIONAL SERVICES
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TO : The Regional Municipality of Durham

Works Department
P.O. Box 623, 605 Rossland Road East, Whitby, Ontario, L1N 6A3
Attention: Amish Varu
Note: This Manual and Revision package are available on the Region of Durham Web Site,
free of charge at: www.durham.ca, located under Departments/Works/Design and Construction
Specifications for Regional Services.
THE REGIONAL
MUNICIPALITY
OF DURHAM
WORKS DEPARTMENT
DESIGN
SPECIFICATIONS
FOR REGIONAL
SERVICES
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR
WORKS DEPARTMENT
April 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................. 1
2. ENGINEERING SUBMISSIONS - SUBDIVISION DEVELOPMENT ..................................................... 1

Functional Servicing Report................................................................................................................ 1
Engineering Drawings......................................................................................................................... 2
Information Required for Approval of Engineering Drawings.............................................................. 3
3. ENGINEERING SUBMISSIONS – SITE PLAN DEVELOPMENT......................................................... 5

Basic Requirements for Site Servicing Plans...................................................................................... 5
General................................................................................................................................................5
Drawing Requirements........................................................................................................................6
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR REGIONAL CONTRACTS .............................................................................. 7

Personnel Qualifications......................................................................................................................7
Project Standards................................................................................................................................7
5. ENGINEERING SUBMISSIONS – REGIONAL CONTRACTS ............................................................. 8

Engineering Drawings......................................................................................................................... 8
Format and Content Requirements..................................................................................................... 8
Reproduction and Distribution............................................................................................................. 9
Design Documentation and Interim Drawings..................................................................................... 9
Final Tender Package....................................................................................................................... 10
Tender Documents............................................................................................................................10
Contract Drawings.............................................................................................................................11
Drawing and File Naming Convention...............................................................................................12
6. EASEMENT REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................... 14
7. SEPARATION / LOCATION FOR WATERMAINS, SANITARY AND STORM SEWERS AND

UTILITIES ............................................................................................................................................. 15
Road Allowance................................................................................................................................ 15
Parallel Installations.......................................................................................................................... 16
Watermain, Sanitary and Storm Sewer Crossings............................................................................ 16
Utility Crossings.................................................................................................................................16
Other..................................................................................................................................................16
8. PREPARATION OF SUBDIVISION & SERVICING AGREEMENT .................................................... 17
9. MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT (MOE) APPROVAL .......................................................................... 17

Transfer of Approval Program........................................................................................................... 17
Requirements for MOE Submissions................................................................................................ 19
10. AS-BUILT DRAWINGS AND STANDARD FORMS FOR REGION OF DURHAM SERVICES
SUBMISSIONS..................................................................................................................................... 20
Final Measurement Sketches............................................................................................................20
Lateral Location Sheets.....................................................................................................................22
As-Built Field Survey......................................................................................................................... 23
As-Built/Record Drawings..................................................................................................................23
Sanitary Drainage Plans....................................................................................................................25
As-Built Design Sheets......................................................................................................................25
Shop Drawings.................................................................................................................................. 25
Camera Inspection............................................................................................................................ 26

Works Department
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR Page 1
1. GENERAL
The following requirements shall be used as guidelines for the preparation of all
engineering submissions presented to the Region of Durham for approval.
The Region of Durham’s Water Supply System By-Law 89-2003 and Sewer
System By-Law 90-2003 are to be used in-conjunction with the Region of
Durham’s Design Standards or most recent amendment(s).
There are two distinct types of engineering submissions: development-related

submissions, and the submissions for Regional contracts. Each submission type
has its own requirements and it is the responsibility of the consultant/developer to
ensure that these requirements are met to avoid delays in reviewing and
processing the necessary approvals.
Prior to beginning the design for any Region of Durham services, the developer /
consultant shall meet with Region of Durham staff to obtain or clarify Region of
Durham requirements for presentation of engineering submissions.
The following sections outline the requirements of the Region of Durham with
respect to the review and processing of engineering drawings for the construction
of Regional services and infrastructure.
2. ENGINEERING SUBMISSIONS - SUBDIVISION DEVELOPMENT
Draft plan approval must be granted and conditions of draft approval must be
issued before subdivision engineering submissions will be reviewed by the
Region of Durham.
Functional Servicing Report
The need for a Functional Servicing Report will be established at the initial
meeting between Region of Durham staff and the developer or his consultant.
The Functional Servicing Report, if required, must include a professional
engineers signed and dated seal, and 4 copies as well as .pdf files of the report
shall be provided by the applicant and shall include, but not necessarily be
limited to, the following information:
• Storm Sewers Contributing to a Region of Durham Storm Sewer

- drainage areas and proposed flows
- main sizing, location and outfalls
- Stormwater Management Report (if applicable)

Works Department
• Sanitary Sewer System

- drainage areas and proposed flows
- main sizing, location and outfalls
- treatment facilities and pumping stations
• Water System
- main sizing, location and looping
- pressure boundaries, booster stations
• Region of Durham Road System

- impact of development on any Region of Durham road within or abutting
the development
- traffic impact study (if applicable) Refer to Regional Traffic Impact Study
Guidelines
• Well Interference
- show all existing homes (with municipal address) abutting and/or close to
the development that have a private well which could be impacted by the
construction of underground services
Engineering Drawings Review
Drawing size shall be A1 (594 mm X 841 mm).
Plan and profile horizontal metric bar scale shall be 1:500 (for rural areas) or
1:250 (for urban areas) unless otherwise approved by Regional Project Manager
and the vertical metric bar scale shall be 1:50.
Cross section scales shall be 1:200 horizontal and 1:40 vertical, or 1:250
horizontal and 1:50 vertical if approved by Region Project Manager.
Metric scale for general plans shall be a minimum of 1:1000.
Vertical Control Datum shown on plans shall be based on the 1978 Southern
Ontario Adjustment of the Canadian Vertical Geodetic datum.
Horizontal Control Datum shown on plans shall be based on the Universal

Transverse Mercator (UTM) geographic coordinate system using NAD83 datum
for UTM Zone 17.
All Drawings shall reference an adequate number of site benchmarks which shall
be described and detailed on relevant plans.
All drawings shall be neat, legible and shall conform to Region of Durham
drawing standards.

Works Department
All sewers, watermains, maintenance holes, hydrants, water valves, pipe

diameter, direction of flow, material type, pipe class, pipe bedding and service
connections shall be shown on all drawings. All engineering drawings must
clearly identify services being removed, services being abandoned but not
removed, existing services that will remain, proposed services and future
services.
All sanitary sewer maintenance holes, storm sewer maintenance holes and catch
basins on Region of Durham roads shall be numbered with Region-assigned and
approved numbers. All numbers shall be shown on the engineering drawings
(plan/profile, general plans and drainage plans) and the sewer design sheets as
part of the second submission.
The rim elevation, maintenance hole size and OPSD standard type shall be
shown on the profile portion of the drawing.
Drawings of plan, profile and cross-sections are required if the proposed

development impacts a Regional road. The design must follow the Transportation
Association of Canada (TAC) Geometric Design Guide for Canadian Roads.
Information Required for Approval of Engineering Drawings
1. Six sets of engineering drawings, (four if no Regional road works are

anticipated) incorporating the following:
• General plan of services showing all services to be constructed.
• General plan showing drawing number and area covered by each plan
and profile sheet.
• General plan showing sanitary sewer drainage areas.
• General plan showing storm sewer drainage areas.
• Lot grading plans.
• Plan and profile of all streets, easements and watercourses - shop

drawings if applicable (i.e., for Concrete Pressure Pipe watermains and/or
feedermains).
• When streets require more than one plan, match lines shall be provided
with no overlapping of information.
• The lot and block numbering on all engineering drawings shall be the
same as that on the proposed final registered plan (40M-plan).

Works Department
2. Two prints of the general plan of services for the purpose of obtaining Region
of Durham maintenance hole and catch basin numbers.
3. A complete set of full size PDF files for all the contract drawings. Adobe
Acrobat PDF files must include a Professional Engineer’s signed and dated
seal.
4. Three prints of the proposed final plan for registration (40M-plan).
5. Sanitary Sewer Design Sheets utilizing standard Region of Durham form (see
Appendix).
6. Storm Sewer Design Sheets for Region of Durham storm sewers utilizing
standard Region of Durham form, if applicable (see Appendix).
7. A geotechnical report for the subdivision is required at the first submission.

This report shall include an investigation for any Regional roads and
Municipal services that are to be constructed. The investigation shall include
boreholes with blow counts. Borehole log shall include reading/info to a
minimum of 1.0 m below the proposed elevation of Regional water, storm and
sanitary sewer elevation. The geotechnical report is to be a final report (not
preliminary) and signed by a geotechnical engineer. Two hard copies and a
PDF of the geotechnical report are required.
8. A traffic consultant report if deemed necessary by the Region of Durham.

Refer to Regional Traffic Impact Study Guidelines. This document is available
on the Region’s website at www.durham.ca under Department > Works >
Roads > Traffic Section.
9. Calculations for pipe strength and bedding requirements. The suitability of

PVC sanitary sewer and storm sewer pipe shall be addressed to satisfy the
allowable deflection criteria as stated in Item 3 of the Sanitary Sewer Section
of the Region of Durham Design Specifications. Calculations must be
stamped and signed by a Professional Engineer.
10. Landscaping plans if development abuts a Regional road.
At such time as the engineering drawings contain all information necessary for
Ministry of the Environment (MOE) approval, the developer or his consultant shall
complete and submit MOE application forms for sanitary sewers and storm
sewers (including the Letter’s of Incorporation Certificate) to the Region of
Durham for the Region’s approval. Upon receipt of all required data, the Region
of Durham will make the necessary policy check and then return the
aforementioned data to the developer or his consultant who will forward it to the
Ministry of the Environment (Head Office & District Office) recommending
issuance of the Certificate of Approval. A Form 1 – Record of Watermains

Works Department
Authorized as a Future Alteration shall be completed by the developer or his

consultant and submitted to the Region for verification.
Upon receipt of approval from all applicable agencies and upon approval of the
drawings by the Lower Tier Municipalities the originals shall be submitted to the
Region of Durham for approval, which shall mean to be accepted in accordance
with the specifications and standards of the Region of Durham. This acceptance
is not to be construed as verification of engineering content nor in any way as
relieving the stamping professional engineer from responsibility for engineering
content.
Prior to the preparation of the subdivision agreement to allow construction of

Region of Durham services, the developer or his consultant shall forward to the
Region of Durham five complete sets of the approved “Issue for Construction”
drawings, three complete sets of approved shop drawings (if applicable), five
copies of the approved general plan of services, two copies of the sanitary
drainage plan, two copies of the sanitary sewer design sheet, an electronic copy
of the general plan and sanitary drainage plan (in a format compatible with the
Region of Durham’s current version of AutoCAD) and an electronic copy of the
sanitary sewer design sheet (in Region of Durham’s current version of Microsoft
Excel format). The electronic copy must be geo-referenced in UTM17NAD83 with
the correct rotation and coordinate location.
3. ENGINEERING SUBMISSIONS – SITE PLAN DEVELOPMENT
Basic Requirements for Site Servicing Plans
The following outline is intended to assist the applicant in preparing site servicing
plans for service connection and entrance design for all developments other than
single family or semi-detached dwellings. If further information is required please
contact the Region of Durham Works Department (Tel. 905-668-7711).
General
• The applicant must submit six (6) prints along with PDF files of the detailed
site servicing plan to the Region of Durham Works Department for approval
prior to the issuance of service connection and entrance permits.
• The applicant must submit a detailed cost estimate covering all Regional
services (including road works if the site fronts a Regional Road) within the
right-of-way and/or easement, based on the approved site servicing plan.
• For estimated cost of works less than $125,000, the developer has the option
of having the Region of Durham construct the works through the quotation
contract process or entering into a Servicing Agreement. If the developer

Works Department
chooses to proceed through the quotation process the developer must

provide a cheque covering the estimated cost of works including
administration and contingencies to the Region of Durham Works Department
prior to the project being tendered. If the deposit is less than the accepted bid
(including Region of Durham administration and engineering fees) after
tendering, the Region of Durham reserves the right to request the additional
funds from the applicant prior to awarding the contract. Once the final
accounting has been completed for the project and if the actual cost of the
work differs from the estimate the applicant will be either invoiced or
reimbursed in accordance with Region of Durham policy.
• If the estimated cost of Regional Services is greater than $125,000 the

applicant must enter into a servicing agreement with the Region of Durham to
construct the works.
• The applicant must complete the applicable Development Charge Form for
the site and must pay all applicable development charges prior to the
issuance of a building permit (development charge forms are available and
applicable development charges must be paid at the local authority office).
Drawing Requirements
The detailed site servicing plan and engineering drawings shall contain following
information:
• See Appendices for sample Site Servicing Plan.
• Geodetic datum (benchmarks), north arrow and key plan.
• Drawing size shall be A1 (594 mm x 841 mm)
• Property lines, lot and plan numbers, street lines, names and municipal
address.
• Title block including drawing scale, date, drawing number and the applicant’s
name, address and phone number.
• On site and surrounding land uses (water course, culverts, railways,

pipelines, easements, other).
• Location of all existing utilities such as hydro, gas, bell, other, including
abandoned plant remaining in the ground.
• Location, type and size of all existing municipal services.

Works Department
• Location, size, length, grade, material and bedding of all proposed services
(service connection profile must be provided).
• Invert elevations, rim elevations and lowest floor elevation.
• Meter room location.
• Flange elevations shall be specified on the contract drawings.
• Location of existing and proposed entrances. Location, length and size of

culverts.
• Entranceway geometrics.
• Backflow preventers size, type and location.
• All drawings must be stamped and signed by Professional Engineer.
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR REGIONAL CONTRACTS
Personnel Qualifications
A Professional Engineer licensed to practice in the province of Ontario and

registered in the relevant design specialties must seal and sign all engineering
products, including contract drawings, engineering reports and specifications. In
the case of structural and foundation work, two stamps are required. The
drawings and reports shall also bear the signature or stamp of the independent
checker of the work.
The Consultant shall furnish individuals qualified in specialty fields such as

geotechnical, electrical, environmental, structural, specification / special provision
writing, transportation and landscape design to lead those activities.
Project Standards
The Consultant shall prepare the design in accordance with accepted technical
standards, specifications, guidelines and state-of-the-art practices. Where
appropriate, the Consultant will be responsible for ensuring compliance with the
most recent technical references. The Region’s Project Manager will resolve any
conflicts in design criteria.

Works Department
5. ENGINEERING SUBMISSIONS – REGIONAL CONTRACTS
Engineering Drawings
Refer to Engineering Submissions – Subdivision Development
Format and Content Requirements
The Region will provide typical format and content guidelines to the Consultant
prior to the preparation of any documents. Samples of recent contract drawings
are available upon request. The Region’s master Special Provision and
MasterFormat Specifications documents are available on the Region’s website at
http://www.durham.ca/dcspecs/List.aspx.
When preparing deliverables, the Consultant shall:
• Provide all drawings in AutoCAD / Land Development Desktop 2009 format,

adhering to the Region’s drawing standards. The Consultant’s name shall be
shown on all drawings. The Consultant shall submit sample digital drawings
(2D) to the Region’s Project Manager before commencing drafting to ensure
formatting is acceptable.
• All AutoCAD files shall be in a format compatible with the Region of Durham’s
current version of AutoCAD.
• All CAD files shall be delivered with an integrated coordinate system being
UTM NAD 83, Zone 17.
• For all “horizontal construction” (e.g. roads, sewers, watermains, bridges),

prepare the schedule of tender items, quantities and estimated unit prices
using CCMS Lite online software from Biddingo.com (for detailed design
assignments only). Access to the CCMS Lite online software will require a
subscription to Biddingo.com and a CCMS Lite subscription. If the Consultant
does not already have access to CCMS Lite, subscriptions to Biddingo.com
and CCMS Lite may be purchased from Biddingo.com, Toronto, Ontario.
Contact the Region for Biddingo.com’s contact information. The Consultant
shall be responsible for all costs related to training their staff in the use of the
CCMS Lite software, if required.
• For all “vertical construction” contracts, prepare specifications based on the

latest MasterFormat specification numbering (6 digits). Where the Consultant
wishes to combine specification sections, obtain consent from the Region’s
Project Manager before combining sections.
• Provide all reports and tender documents, including special provisions (unit
price contracts) and specifications (vertical construction contracts), in Region

Works Department
of Durham’s current version of Microsoft Word format using the Region’s

layout and formatting conventions.
• Provide all calculation spreadsheets in Region of Durham’s current version of

Microsoft Excel format.
• Provide all schedules in Region of Durham’s current version Microsoft Project

format.
• Provide all presentations in Adobe Acrobat (*.pdf) and/or Region of Durham’s

current version of Microsoft PowerPoint format, as appropriate.
Proponents shall confirm in their Proposals that they are able to deliver and
utilize digital data provided in the above-noted formats. The Region will not
entertain requests for extra costs related to the conversion of data.
All submittals must be acceptable to the Region’s Project Manager. Digital

deliverables shall be furnished to the Region on a CD, DVD or other storage
media approved by the Region’s Project Manager. At the end of a project, the
Consultant shall provide all reports, drawings, survey data, etc. on a CD or DVD
and all documents must be provided in original form (AutoCAD, Word, etc.) and
in Adobe Acrobat (*.pdf) in the Region of Durham’s current version.
Reproduction and Distribution
For each deliverable the Consultant shall provide one (1) digital copy and a
maximum of four (4) paper copies (one reproducible) for reports and two (2)
paper copies for drawings to the Region’s Project Manager for distribution by the
Region. The Consultant shall confirm the number of copies for each deliverable
with the Region’s Project Manager prior to printing.
Design Documentation and Interim Drawings
In addition to the reports, documents and drawings to be submitted as outlined in

the above sections, the Consultant shall provide copies of the following
documents, preferably in digital and paper format:
• All approvals, permits and Board orders, and the application packages
• Existing utility location plans and utility relocation plans
• Digital design files
• Complementary summary sheets for tender estimates
• Quantity calculations

Works Department
Final Tender Package
The Consultant shall prepare the final tender package consisting of tender
documents and contract drawings as described below, and submit the package
to the Region’s Project Manager for review, comment and approval.
Tender Documents
The final tender documents shall generally include:
• For “horizontal construction” contracts, the schedule of unit price tender

items, using the master Spec Codes in CCMS, (hardcopy and online in
CCMS Lite)
• For “vertical construction” contracts, the schedule of MasterFormat Divisions

and Sections
• Construction cost estimate. For “horizontal construction” contracts the

estimate shall be based on the sum of all unit price tender items from CCMS
Lite. For “vertical construction” contracts, the estimate shall be based on the
sum of all estimated MasterFormat section lump sum prices)
• For “horizontal construction” contracts, tender item Special Provisions

(hardcopy and digital in MS Word)
• For “vertical construction” contracts, MasterFormat Section Specifications

(hardcopy and digital in MS Word)
• List of applicable standard specifications and details (hardcopy and digital)
• List of applicable standard drawings (hardcopy and digital)
• Layout sheets for construction, including, pavement elevation sheets,

shoulder, stripping, slope & ditch sheets, and sub-grade layout sheets (to
Regional standards)
• Special attachments as required (i.e. project-specific non-OPSD Drawings,

etc.)
• Geotechnical Report (Hydrogeological Report, if applicable)
• Contract Drawings (see below for details)

Works Department
Contract Drawings
Unless indicated otherwise by the Region’s Project Manager, all “Issued for
Tender” contract drawings, except “standard sheets” listed below, shall be sealed
and signed by a Professional Engineer. All “Issued for Tender” contract drawings
shall be submitted in Adobe Acrobat PDF format only. For each drawing sheet,
submit one PDF file at full size scale and one PDF file at 50% scale. The full size
PDF must fit on A1 (594 x 841 mm) size paper when printed. The 50% scale
PDF must fit on 11”x17” paper. Hard copies are not required. Submitted PDF
files must be fully scalable when printed.
All “Issued for Tender” contract drawings shall have the revision box cleared of
all comments. There shall be no revisions noted on “Issued for Tender” contract
drawings.
At the “Issued For Construction” stage, unless otherwise directed by the Region’s
Project Manager, the Consultant shall submit a complete new set of PDF files
(full size and 50% scale) for all contract drawings complete with all revisions
issued during the tender period.
The contract drawings shall also be submitted in AutoCAD format at the “Issued
For Construction” stage. AutoCAD files shall be in a format compatible with the
Region of Durham’s current version of AutoCAD.
Adobe Acrobat PDF files must include a Professional Engineer’s signed and
dated seal. AutoCAD files are not to include the Engineer’s seal.
The contract drawings shall generally include:
1. Standard sheets:
• Title sheet
• Index
• Legend and abbreviations
2. Roadway drawings, including storm sewer works:
• Tie Sheet – horizontal and vertical control

• Construction staging and detours (including traffic control measures) with
temporary pavement markings
• Removals
• Plan and profile showing existing conditions and new construction
• Pavement elevation layout
• Pavement markings and signage
• Typical sections

Works Department
• Details
• Design cross-sections at 10 m intervals for urban projects (20 m for rural
projects with Region of Durham approval)
• Stormwater management facilities
• Construction staging and detours (including traffic control measures) with
temporary pavement markings
3. Structural (bridge and culvert) drawings:
• General arrangement
• Details
• Foundations
• Environmental
4. Landscaping, storm water management and/or environmental drawings
5. Traffic control signal drawings
6. Electrical (illumination) drawings
7. Sanitary sewer and/or watermain drawings
8. Any other drawings
Drawing and File Naming Convention
Contract drawings for “horizontal construction” contracts shall be numbered

according to the following table:
Title Block & Index Sheet Drawing No. Naming Convention

Drawing Number Description
TITLE- TITLE SHEET
IND- DRAWING INDEX
LEG- LEGEND AND ABBREVIATIONS
TIE- TIES TO C/L OF CONSTRUCTION & CONTROL POINTS
STG- CONSTRUCTION STAGING
RM- REMOVALS
R- PLAN / PROFILE (ROAD & STORM)
STR- STRUCTURAL (BRIDGES, CULVERTS, ETC)
W- WATERMAIN
S- SANITARY SEWER
RSW- ROAD, SANITARY & WATERMAIN
TYP- TYPICAL SECTIONS AND DETAILS
PE- PAVEMENT ELEVATION LAYOUT
PM- PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND SIGNAGE

Works Department
Title Block & Index Sheet Drawing No. Naming Convention

Drawing Number Description
T- TRAFFIC (ALL DRAWINGS)
E- LIGHTING (ALL DRAWINGS)
LAN- LANDSCAPING
STG- CONSTRUCTION STAGING
CX- CROSS SECTIONS
Each drawing sheet shall be numbered “Sheet x of y”.
PDF drawing files (one .pdf per drawing sheet) shall be named similar to the
following example:
PDF File Naming Convention (Sample)

001 OF 110 Thickson-TITLE.pdf
002 OF 110 Thickson-IND.pdf
005 OF 110 Thickson-LEG.pdf
006 OF 110 Thickson-TIE.pdf
007 OF 110 Thickson-STG.pdf
008 OF 110 Thickson-RM.pdf
017 OF 110 Thickson-R.pdf
033 OF 110 Thickson-RSW.pdf
039 OF 110 Thickson-TYP.pdf
041 OF 110 Thickson-PE.pdf
045 OF 110 Thickson-PM.pdf
054 OF 110 Thickson-STG1-2.pdf
084 OF 110 Thickson-CX.pdf

Works Department
AutoCAD files shall be named similar to the following example:
AutoCAD File Naming Convention

(Sample)
001 OF 110 Thickson-TITLE.dwg
002-004 OF 110 Thickson-IND.dwg
005 OF 110 Thickson-LEG.dwg
006-007 OF 110 Thickson-TIE.dwg
008-010 OF 110 Thickson-STG.dwg
011-016 OF 110 Thickson-RM.dwg
017-032 OF 110 Thickson-R.dwg
033-038 OF 110 Thickson-RSW.dwg
039-040 OF 110 Thickson-TYP.dwg
041-044 OF 110 Thickson-PE.dwg
054-057 OF 110 Thickson-STG1-2.dwg
058-061 OF 110 Thickson-STG3-4.dwg
084-110 OF 110 Thickson-CX.dwg
AutoCAD drawing files may contain multiple drawing sheets with a separate tab
for each sheet.
6. EASEMENT REQUIREMENTS
The following are the minimum permanent easement widths required for Region
of Durham municipal services:
Minimum Width
Type of Service, Size & Depth of Easement
• Single sewer or watermain less than 6m

600 mm dia. and less than 3.7 m deep,
centred on easement.
• Single sewer in excess of 3.7 m depth 9m

or single watermain larger than 600 mm
dia., centred on easement.
• A combination of two mains, either 9m
sewer or water, less than 3.7 m deep
centred on easement. **
• A combination of two mains, either 12 m

sewer or water, over 3.7 m deep, no
closer than 3.0 m to easement limits. **

Works Department
• Major trunk sewer. ** 20 m

(Possible future twinning)
• Three or more mains, no closer Add 3.0 m to items

than 3.0 m to easement limits. with ** for each
additional main
Easements are for the intended use (sanitary sewer, watermain, etc.). No other
utility is permitted within the easements.
Easements are to remain free and clear of all obstructions both above ground
and below ground.
7. SEPARATION / LOCATION FOR WATERMAINS, SANITARY AND STORM

SEWERS AND UTILITIES
Road Allowance
Watermain location shall be in accordance with municipal road cross sections as

approved by the Region of Durham.
The standard road allowance shall be in keeping with the Lower Tier
Municipality’s cross-section, including the installation of underground services.
Watermains may be located in the road or boulevard a minimum of 0.5 m from a

storm sewer catch basin. The distance shall be measured from the nearest
edge.
Where possible, watermains shall typically be located on the north or east side of
the road or in keeping with the approved Lower Tier standard cross section.
Where a significantly larger number of service connections or vacant lots with
development potential on the opposite side of the road are proposed, contact
Region of Durham Development Approvals.
Hydrants shall be located a minimum of 1.0 m from the centerline of the hydrant
secondary valve and 1.5 m from the centerline of the watermain. Hydrants shall
be located in the boulevard 1.0 m minimum from all utilities. No other utilities
shall be located between the watermain and hydrant.
Sanitary sewers shall be located 1.5 m from the centerline of the road and a
minimum of 3.0 m from centerline of the storm sewer and a minimum of 1.5 m
from the foundation drain. For common trench installation details, refer to the
Region of Durham standard drawings.

Works Department
Parallel Installations
Under normal conditions, watermains shall be laid with a least 2.50 m horizontal
separation from any sewer or sewer maintenance hole. The distance shall be
measured from the nearest edge.
Watermain, Sanitary and Storm Sewer Crossings
Watermains shall normally cross above sewers with sufficient vertical separation
(minimum 0.25 m) to allow for proper bedding and structural support of the
watermain and sewer main.
When it is not possible for the watermain to cross above the sewer, the
watermain passing under the sewer shall be protected by providing:
• A vertical separation of at least 0.5 m between the invert of the sewer and the
crown of the watermain.
• Adequate structural support for the sewer to prevent excessive deflection of

joints and settling.
• The length of water pipe shall be centred at the point of crossing so that the
joints will be equidistant and as far as possible from the sewer.
A minimum clearance of 0.25 m shall be maintained between the outside wall of

the pipe barrels at the point of crossing for sanitary and storm sewers.
Utility Crossings
Where watermains cross over or under utilities other than sewers, the clearance
and type of crossing provided shall conform to the requirements of the particular
utility involved and provide the proper bedding and structural support of the
watermain and utility.
Other
For all other conditions, refer to the MOE “Procedures to Govern the Separation
of Sewers and Watermains” and the MOE document “Watermain Design Criteria
for Future Alterations Authorized Under a Drinking Water Works Permit”.

Works Department
8. PREPARATION OF SUBDIVISION & SERVICING AGREEMENT
Subdivision Agreements are required whenever there is a draft plan approval

with conditions which need to be cleared. All other Regional works constructed
by developers will be facilitated with servicing agreements. The same process is
followed for both types of agreements.
The draft agreement will be prepared by the Region of Durham Works

Department and forwarded to the Region of Durham Legal Department. The
Legal Department will then prepare the final agreement and arrange for
execution of the agreement by the Region of Durham.
Prior to the preparation of the draft agreement, the Region of Durham must be in
receipt of the following information:
• Ministry of the Environment Certificates of Approval for Region of Durham

services to be constructed for the proposed subdivision
• A completed Subdivision or Servicing Agreement Information Checklist form

(see Appendices)
• A detailed cost estimate (based on tender prices) prepared by an engineer for

Region of Durham services to be constructed for the subdivision
• Three (3) copies of the signed general plan
• Three (3) copies of the proposed final plan (40M) or (40R) of subdivision
• Three (3) copies of the reference plan (40R) for any easement to be granted
to the Region of Durham
• Two (2) copies of the sanitary drainage plans including electronic AutoCAD
file
9. MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT (MOE) APPROVAL
Transfer of Approval Program
Under the current MOE Transfer of Approvals Program, certain responsibilities

for processing and approval of applications for installation of municipal services
is vested with the Region of Durham. However, all Final Environmental
Compliance Approvals are presently issued by the MOE.

Works Department
Under the MOE’s Drinking Water Licensing Program certain alterations to the
water distribution system do not require approval from the MOE as pre-approval
has been granted through the systems Drinking Water Works Permit as long as
the future alteration meets the requirements of the MOE ‘s Watermain Design
Criteria for Future Alterations Authorized Under a Drinking Water Works Permit.
In these situations a Form 1 – Record of Watermains Authorized as a Future
Alteration must be completed, verified by a professional Engineer and by a
representative of the Region of Durham prior to the work.
The type of works covered under the current transfer program are as follows:
Sewer Systems
• sanitary and storm sewers (excluding new outfalls)
• sanitary sewage pumping stations except those discharging directly to

a sewage treatment plant
• forcemains and inverted siphons
• rehabilitation of existing (rehabilitation of same size and location does

not require approval)
• storm management facilities (quantity control only)
The transfer of approvals program does not currently include the following:
Sewer Systems
• sewage treatment works and storm outfalls
• storm water management (quality control)
• sanitary sewage pumping stations discharging directly to sewage

treatment works
• sewers with overflows
• combined sewage storage facilities
• sanitary sewer connections from landfill sites for leachate transport

Works Department
Although the above items are not included in the current Transfer of Approval
Program, for MOE applications, the Region of Durham would be involved in the
initial engineering design and approval process for those sanitary sewer, storm
sewer and water supply systems, which fall under the jurisdiction of the Region of
Durham.
Requirements for MOE Submissions
Region of Durham Sanitary Sewer and Storm Sewer:
• The Consulting Engineer shall submit, directly to the Region of Durham

Works Department, four (4) copies of the required application forms for each
of the services for which approval is being requested.
• The Consulting Engineer shall submit directly to the Lower Tier Municipalities,
five (5) copies of the required application forms for local storm sewers.
Upon approval and signature by the Local Municipalities, three (3) copies of
the application forms are to be forwarded to the Region of Durham Works
Department for processing and submission to the MOE.
Documentation Required With Applications:
• This information is generally laid out in the MOE publication entitled “Guide to
Applying for Environmental Compliance Approval”.
When completing application forms, particular attention should be given to the

following:
• That the application is signed by the applicant, i.e., the individual or

corporation requesting the approval.
• In the case of individuals, i.e. "warm bodies', the applicant(s) will be required
to provide appropriate copies of birth certificates with each application form.
• In the case of "corporations" the applicant(s) will be required to provide copies

of Form 1, 2 or 3 (of O.Reg. 189 Corporations Information Act), with each
application form.
Each MOE application form and all engineering drawings must be stamped by
the engineer responsible for the preparation of the application and design of the
municipal services for which approval is sought. The engineer’s stamp must be
signed and dated on all engineering drawings.

Works Department
10. AS-BUILT DRAWINGS AND STANDARD FORMS FOR REGION OF DURHAM

SERVICES SUBMISSIONS
Upon completion of the project the required as-built measurement forms for
Region of Durham services shall be completed and submitted to the Region of
Durham's Construction Management Services Division.
All appurtenances shall be located using the Global Positioning System for GIS
applications and provided in electronic format. All UTM Coordinates shall be
NAD83 Zone 17 sub-metre accuracy, in a format compatible with the Region of
Durham’s current version of AutoCAD.
Completion Acceptance shall be issued when all of the following as-built

information has been submitted and approved by the Region of Durham.
Final Measurement Sketches
Final measurement sketches (see Appendix) are required for sanitary sewers,
sanitary connections, watermain, water connections and Region of Durham
storm sewers and storm connections. This includes new servicing to vacant lots.
Provide separate Final Measurement Sketches for each street.
The following information is required on Final Measurement Sketches:
Common Information
• Reference Regional Contract number, Municipal Contract number or

Regional Subdivision number
• North arrow
• Pipe diameter, material and class
• House and lot numbers
• Label all streets, including intersecting streets
• When there is more than one final measurement sketch per street
include match lines and stations
• Use the same drawing limits when more than one final sketch per
street is required (re: consistent limits and match lines)
• Reference Regional numbering system for hydrants and maintenance

holes

Works Department
Watermains
• The distance between and stations of all hydrants, valves, chambers,

tees, horizontal bends, plugs etc.
• Distance from property line
• Flange elevations shall be specified on the contract drawings.
Sanitary Sewers
• The distance between maintenance holes
Storm Sewers on Regional Roads
• The distance between maintenance holes

Water Service Connections
• Elevation and depth at property line
• Length of lateral
• The distance from a hydrant, valve or chamber to main stop at

watermain and tie in curb stop at property line
Sanitary Sewer Service Connections
• The distance from maintenance holes to tees at mainline sewer and

plug at property line

Works Department
Storm Sewer Service Connections on Regional Roads
• The distance from maintenance holes to tees at mainline sewer and

plug at property line
If AutoCAD drawings are used for preparing Final Measurement Sketches,

remove all irrelevant layers and information which may clutter the sketch.
Lateral Location Sheets
Lateral location sheets (see Appendix) are required for Region of Durham
sanitary, water and storm service connections to existing dwellings, new
connections and replacement connections.
The following information is required on Lateral Location Sheets:
• Reference Regional Contract number, Municipal Contract number or

Regional Subdivision number
• North arrow
• Lateral pipe diameter, material and class
• Mainline pipe diameter, material and class
• Elevation at Main Line (for Sanitary and Storm connections)
• House and lot number, if available, or house number of adjacent

property
• A distance to the closest maintenance hole, hydrant or valve
• A sketch of house/building with offset and distance to property line and

mainline sewer or watermain (Measurements must be taken at a 90°
angle from the corner of the building and then parallel to the mainline,
where possible)

Works Department
• Reference Regional system numbering for all maintenance holes and

hydrants
• One connection per lateral location sheet (unless the same

lot/address)
As-Built Field Survey
The as-built data shall be based upon an as-built survey of all the services and
shall include a field check of the following items:
• Location of maintenance holes for all sewers (storm and sanitary)
• Location of catch basins
• Location and ties, where possible, to valve chambers
• Maintenance hole inverts
• Light Poles
• Pipe sizes
• Rim elevations
• Distance between maintenance holes
• Special maintenance hole details
• Benchmark to be checked
As-Built/Record Drawings
The as-built drawings consist of the original engineering drawings which have
been revised to show as-built conditions. As-built drawings shall be provided in
hard copy and an electronic CAD file in a format compatible with the Region of
Durham’s current version of AutoCAD.
For all Region of Durham contracts, Lower Tier municipality contracts, that
include Region of Durham services and subdivisions, a paper plot is required for
the Region’s permanent records. An electronic copy of the as-built AutoCAD
drawings, in a format compatible with the Region of Durham’s current version of
AutoCAD, are also required.

Works Department
Original design information (inverts, grades, etc.) shall remain on the drawing,
with a diagonal line struck through it and as-built information boxed in, adjacent
to original information.
eg. - E. INV. 97.5 (Original Design Invert)
97.62 (As-Built Invert)
The as-built drawings of Regional services shall incorporate all revisions of the
following items:
• Percent grade for sewers, roads, water feedermains
• Invert elevations and stations:

- sanitary sewers at maintenance holes and at plugs for future extensions
- storm sewers at maintenance holes, plugs and catch basins
• All watermain data, such as top of pipe and/or invert elevations, stationing
etc. See ‘Watermain Data Table’ in Appendix
• Pipe length, size, material type, class and bedding
• Distance from property line for sanitary sewer, storm sewer and watermains
• Sanitary, storm and water house connections location and elevation
“As Recorded” shall be shown in revision column with date. All previous revision
notations shall be left on the drawing to allow the Region to confirm the drawing
includes all such previous revisions
Street names shall be in conformity with the registered plan (40M) or as

approved by the municipality
See attached sample drawing for a “horizontal construction” contract.
Submitted AutoCAD files shall be:

- in a format compatible with the Region of Durham’s current version of
AutoCAD
- delivered with an integrated coordinate system being UTM NAD83, Zone
17.
- purged of all non-essential CAD information

Works Department
AutoCAD files shall be named by drawing numbers as specified for “Issued for
Construction” drawing. Provide a copy of all CAD drawings on a CD or DVD,
labelled with the Works Department contract or subdivision number and the
drawing numbers. For plotting purposes, provide a list of the pen colours with
coordinating pen sizes or Colour Table File (ctb).
For “vertical construction” contracts, it is the Consultant's responsibility to obtain

and verify all as-built measurements and to ensure that the arrangement of the
equipment as depicted on the Record drawings is accurate.
All Record drawings submitted for “vertical construction” contracts shall be

stamped and signed by a Professional Engineer and have the following
disclaimer note added in a conspicuous position on the drawing:
“THE INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THIS DRAWING BELONGS TO THE

REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM. THE DRAWING SHALL NOT BE
COPIED OR DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE
REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM. ANY CHANGES MADE OUTSIDE
THE CONTRACT MAY NOT BE REFLECTED ON THIS DRAWING. USERS
ARE ADVISED TO TAKE SUFFICIENT STEPS TO FIELD VERIFY EQUIPMENT
LAYOUT, LOCATIONS, DIMENSIONS AND ELEVATIONS. THE REGIONAL
MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM AND (insert consultant’s name) ACCEPT NO
RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMAGES, IF ANY, SUFFERED BY A THIRD PARTY
AS A RESULT OF RELIANCE ON, DECISIONS MADE, OR ACTIONS TAKEN,
BASED ON THESE DRAWINGS.”
Sanitary Drainage Plans
Two copies of sanitary drainage plans and the electronic file shall be submitted to
the Region of Durham’s Construction Management Services Division for
permanent record. The electronic files are to be in GIS format and/or Region of
Durham’s current version of AutoCAD, utilizing UTM Coordinates of NAD83 Zone
17 sub-metre accuracy.
As-Built Design Sheets
Two complete sets and the electronic file of design sheets recalculated to
conform to as-built measurements for Region of Durham services shall be
submitted to the Region of Durham Construction Management Services Division
for permanent record.
Shop Drawings
One complete set of shop drawings with the as-built conditions shall be
completed and submitted to the Region of Durham Construction Management
Services Division for permanent record.

Works Department
Camera Inspection
Refer to the Region of Durham’s Construction Specifications for Regional

Services, Section 01450, Clause 1.07 - Camera Inspection for the correct format.
The Region is considering implementing or adopting portions of CSA S250

for mapping of underground infrastructure data, for which the Region will
require 30 cm accuracy. GPS or survey data will be required to be
submitted for all fittings/appurtenances as part of the “As Built” data
submission process.

Works Department
ROADS AND ENTRANCEWAYS
WORKS DEPARTMENT
April 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM ......................................................................................... 1

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 1
2. GEOMETRIC DESIGN ........................................................................................................................... 1
Regional Roads Design Criteria........................................................................................................... 2
Road Allowance Cross-Sections .......................................................................................................... 2
3. ROAD PAVEMENT AND DRAINAGE DESIGN ..................................................................................... 3
Pavement Structure ............................................................................................................................. 3
Drainage ............................................................................................................................................... 5
4. INTERSECTIONS................................................................................................................................... 6
Turn Lanes ........................................................................................................................................... 6
Intersection Turning Radius ................................................................................................................. 7
Intersection Grades .............................................................................................................................. 8
5. ENTRANCEWAY/DRIVEWAY DESIGN ................................................................................................ 8
High Volume Entranceway................................................................................................................... 8
Low Volume Entranceway ................................................................................................................... 9
Basic Entranceway Dimensions ........................................................................................................... 9
Minimum Pavement Structure Requirements for Entranceways ....................................................... 11
Entranceway Design Considerations ................................................................................................. 11
Turn Restrictions ................................................................................................................................ 12
Sight Distance at Entranceways ........................................................................................................ 13
Entranceway Spacing / Corner Clearance ......................................................................................... 13
Entranceway Drainage ....................................................................................................................... 13
Entranceway Permits ......................................................................................................................... 14

Works Department
1. INTRODUCTION
In general, the geometric design of Durham’s regional roads shall follow the
Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Geometric Design Guide for
Canadian Roads (most recent version) and the specifications listed here.
A design criteria document is required to be prepared for each project. The

document shall include the criteria used for the various project components and
any deviation from the standards, with applicable justification for the deviations.
The design criteria document shall be submitted to the Region for approval.
Details shall be provided for any approved special provisions required due to
unique physical conditions on the site or for existing or future design conditions
such as retaining walls, slope protection, culverts, bridges or special crossfall
conditions.
2. GEOMETRIC DESIGN
The design speed shall be the selected in consultation with the Region, based on
Secion 1.2.3.3 of the TAC Geometric Design Guide for Canadian Roads, which
considers the following:
• General terrain and physical features of the road (horizontal & vertical
alignment land & shoulder width, etc.)
• 85 percentile of the operating speed (existing and anticipated post
construction).
• Adjacent land use and character of the road (urban or rural)
• Road classification.
Considering context sensitive design, the design speed may be reduced to be 10

km/h over the posted speed when the posted speed is 50 km/h.
In each case, the existing and planned roadway corridor characteristics should
be considered.
Regional Roads shall be designed to satisfy safe sight distance requirements per
TAC - Geometric Design section 1.2
Longitudinal profile grade changes in excess of 1.5% are to include vertical “K”
curves. The vertical curvature shall be based on TAC - Geometric Design section
2.1.3.3.
Horizontal curvature shall be based on TAC - Geometric Design section 2.1.2.2.

Works Department
The combination of the horizontal and vertical geometry of the road shall be
reviewed for safety based on TAC – Geometric Design section 2.3.2.4.
Regional Roads Design Criteria

The general characteristics of Type “A”, Type “B” and Type “C” arterial roads are
defined in the Regional Official Plan (Schedule E. Table ‘E7’).
Regional Regional Regional

Arterial Arterial Arterial
Type "A" Type "B" Type “C”
Minimum Grade:
• road profile 0.50% 0.50% 0.50%
• curb & gutter (along road) 0.50% 0.50% 0.50%
• curb & gutter (in intersections) 0.60% 0.60% 0.60%
Maximum Grade:
• road profiles 8.00% 8.00% 8.00%
• through an intersection 2.50% 3.00% 3.00%
• intersection grade difference 2.00% 2.00% 2.00%
Right-of-Way Width 36 > 50 m 30 > 36 m 26 > 30 m
Minimum Intersection Angle 70o 70o 70o
Pavement Crossfall 2% 2% 2%
Shoulder Rounding Min.* 0.5 0.5 0.5
Super Elevation Max. (urban/rural)** 4/6% 4/6% 4/6%
* When guiderail is used, 1.0 m rounding is required.

** Cross-fall transitions to follow: TAC Table 2.1.2.5 for rural roads and TAC Table
2.1.2.8 for urban roads.
Road Allowance Cross-Sections

The road allowance cross-section shall be based on details S-300.010 and S-
300.020 or as specified by the Region.
Typical lane and shoulder dimensions are listed below.
Through Lanes:
- Rural 3.5m

Works Department
- Three lane urban 3.5 m

- Four and six lanes urban 3.5m
Auxiliary Lanes:
- Left Turn no median 3.5m
- Left Turn with median 3.3m
- Right Turn 3.5m
Shoulders width per TAC Table 2.2.4.1. In addition, when guiderail is used, the
minimum shoulder width is 2.5m.
The minimum width of the paved portion of the shoulder is 0.5m.
The minimum width of new sidewalk on all structures shall be 1.8 m.
For superelevated sections of urban roadway, standard curb and gutter (not
superelevated) with drainage inlets, where required, shall be placed on the high
side to prevent sheet flow across the road.
A review of the roadside safety for each road shall be completed using the
current version of the MTO Roadside Safety Manual. For further details refer to
the Traffic section in these design specifications.
3. ROAD PAVEMENT AND DRAINAGE DESIGN
Pavement Structure
The pavement design for arterial roads will be determined for each project based
on a geotechnical (soils) investigation for the project site. The investigation shall
include road borehole samples at critical locations, as well as pavement cores,
test pits, groundwater monitoring wells, and other means as approved by the
Region. A geotechnical report will be prepared to document the analysis of the
existing and proposed conditions and to provide recommendations for the design
and construction. The method of analysis shall be based on applicable and
industry acceptable guidelines such as AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement
Structures and ‘Guideline for Professional Engineers Providing Geotechnical
Engineering Services' (1993) published by Professional Engineers Ontario. The
composition and thickness of the road pavement shall be designed considering
the following factors:
• Mechanics of the subgrade soils (including strength, chemical/physical

parameters, drainage, and frost susceptibility)
• Existing/proposed local drainage characteristics
• The pavement Structural Number (SN) and Design Service Life (20 year
normally)
• The future volume and class of traffic expected to use the pavement (ESAL)

Works Department
• Other project-specific factors (i.e. adjacent land use, plans for future
widenings or buried infrastructure, etc.)
For road widening projects, rehabilitation of the existing pavement shall be

considered based on a pavement condition survey and consultation with
Regional staff. At least two alternative rehabilitation strategies shall be presented
and evaluated by the Geotechnical Engineer in a draft (preliminary) report. In
consultation with the Region of Durham, a suitable option will be selected and
presented in the final report.
The proposed pavement structure for the road widening shall match or exceed
the existing pavement structure.
As a minimum, a typical hot-mix asphalt road structure will include:

Type A arterial roads:
- 160mm HMA
- 150mm Granular A
- 600mm min. Granular B Type 1 Modified
Type B and C arterial roads:
- 140 mm HMA
- 150mm Granular A
- 600mm min. Granular B Type 1 Modified
The bottom of the base course (Granular B Type 1 Mod.) shall match the existing
subgrade depth, up to 1.2m below the proposed road surface.
For all rural roads, include a minimum of 0.5m of full depth pavement beyond the
edge of the travelled lane. If additional width of partially paved shoulder is
required it will consist of the two top asphalt courses.
The Geotechnical report will include, but not be limited to, the following sections:
Field Investigation
• Existing pavement condition survey (with photos)
• Existing drainage condition assessment
• Geotechnical investigation
• Pavement coring (with photos)
• Rutting Investigation
Soils and Pavement Analysis

• Existing pavement structure (for each road segment)
• Topsoil and organics (locations and depth)
• Subgrade soils (types, depths, and variances)
• Groundwater (depths and variances)

Works Department
• Pavement coring at strategic locations

• Rutting evaluation
Laboratory Testing
• Physical characteristics of granular base/subbase and subgrade soils
(grain size, moisture content, and Atterberg Limits where appropriate)
• Environmental chemical analysis results (soil and water where
appropriate)
Recommendations
The discussion and recommendations in each report will vary based on site-
specific requirements; however in most cases the following items will be required:
• Traffic loading and structural analysis
• Proposed pavement structure and rehabilitation, including cost analysis in
support of at least two proposed designs
• Crack repairs, as applicable
• Stripping depth of topsoil/organic materials
• Subgrade preparation, proof rolling
• Asphalt mix types
• Construction, use of earth cut, compaction requirements
• Drainage recommendations
• Groundwater and water taking control
• Pavement transitions
• Additional information such as BH plans, BH logs / records (with station,
offset and elevations), asphalt core data with photos, grain size
distribution curves, etc.
Consideration should be given in the investigation to alternative road construction

materials, such as concrete pavement, where appropriate.
Drainage
Culverts shall be designed in accordance with MTO Highway Drainage Design
Standards (2008).
The minimum culvert size for road crossings is 600 mm. The length of culvert
shall be determined using the depth of ditch and 4:1 side slopes (desirable).
Culverts shall be designed to accommodate a minimum of highway (H-20)
loading and soil conditions. Culverts are to be installed by open cut construction.
The overtopping design criteria used for the different design storms is to be
calculated and submitted to the Region for review and acceptance.

Works Department
Where culverts and sewers are designed within the frost depth, granular frost
tapers shall be specified. Typical frost depth is 1.2m south of Highway 407; 1.5m
north of Highway 407.
The bottom of a rural ditch is to be 0.5m below the subgrade where possible. The
minimum depth of ditch is 0.3m. Consideration should be given to incorporation
of Low Impact Development (LID) methods such as flat bottom ditches and bio
swales.
Ditch back-slopes fronting residential properties should be 4:1 or flatter to allow

for lawn maintenance.
4. INTERSECTIONS
Details S-300.030 to S-300.050 and OPSD 300.010 to 300.020 should be used

as guides for intersection design. The road grades, earth grading and the
drainage around the intersection shall be developed based on these, the
guidelines in TAC and site-specific conditions.
It is desirable to locate intersections on a tangent for increased visibility and

safety. As a guide, the length of tangent approaching the intersection should be:
a. For type “A” and type “B” arterial roads, a 200 m long tangent at the
approach to an intersection is desirable; as a minimum, the tangent shall
be equal to the stopping sight distance.
b. For type “C” arterial roads and municipal roads, a tangent length equal to
the stopping sight distance at the approach to an intersection is desirable;
as a minimum, the tangent shall be 20 m long beyond the projected edge
of pavement.
A review of the proposed sight lines and sight triangles at the intersection based
on TAC requirements is to be prepared and submitted to the Region.
Daylight triangles requirements for infrastructure may govern the Right of Way
(R.O.W.) requirements.
Turn Lanes
Left Turns:
The measurement of the sight distance to oncoming vehicles for left turns at 4-
legged signalized intersections shall account for the reduced visibility caused by
vehicles queued in the left turn lane on the opposing intersection leg.
Consider implementation of zero or positive offset left turn lane configuration at
certain signalized intersections in consultation with the Region. Zero or positive

Works Department
offset left turn lanes may be applicable when left turning sight lines are restricted
due to:
• the intersection being located on, or close to, a horizontal curve with lanes
approaching in a counter-clockwise direction;
• the roadway being flared or widened through the intersection;
• three or more through lanes being present on opposing intersection
approaches.
Zero or positive offset left turn lanes may also be applicable when:
• an overrepresentation of turning movement type collisions exist involving left

turns and opposing through movements;
• the left turning movement will operate at LOS F or v/c ratio is 1.0 and
opposing left turn and through volumes are considered high.Right Turns:
Consider the need for right turn lanes and/or tapers on Regional roads. The need
will be assessed on a site by site basis, and should generally follow the
guidelines in the table below.
The geometric design of these should follow the Region Standard S-300.050.
TABLE 1 – Right turn lanes on Regional Roads

Arterial Type Design Right-Turn Right-Turn
Function Approach Lane Direct Taper
Volumes Threshold Threshold
(vph) (vph) (vph)
Type A Urban or Rural 800 to 1,000 50 (four-lane) 10 (four-lane)
40 (two-lane) All (two-lane)
Type B Urban 700 50 (four-lane) 20 (four-lane)
Rural 40 (two-lane) 20 (two-lane)
700 70 (four-lane) 20 (four-lane)
40 (two-lane) 20 (two-lane)
Type C Urban 500 50 (two-lane) 20 (two-lane)
Intersection Turning Radius

In general, turning radii at intersections should be kept to a minimum considering
functionality for the design vehicle and desirable vehicle speeds. Vehicle turning
path checks using the design vehicle are to be completed for all intersections and
documented in the project file. The design vehicle shall be determined in
consultation with the Region. The design shall consider the project environment:
urban/rural; number of receiving lanes; intersection angle; bus routes; location of

Works Department
driveways; cycling / truck route etc.

The minimum turning radius at an intersection of two arterial roads is 15 m. The
typical radii used for other intersections are 12 m and 9 m.
In some situations, the turning radius will not be equivalent to the curb/edge of
pavement radius (e.g. where there are bike lanes on one or both roadways).
In urban environments on multi-lane roads, trucks may use the two outside
receiving lanes for the turns.
If a radius larger than 15 m is deemed necessary, the use of a compound curve
may be considered. Refer to S-300.030 for details.
Intersection Grades
The maximum grade of minor roadway profiles at intersections with Regional
Roads shall be based on TAC – Geometric Design section 2.3.2.3.
Side road profile grade changes approaching crownline of main road shall not
exceed an algebraic difference greater than 2.0%, if the intersection is to be
signalized as part of the project or potentially in the future.
At the intersection of two roads, transition of the minor classification road shall
have minimal impact on the major road. The profile and crossfall of the major
road is to be maintained to the extent possible.
Intersection splining design shall have regards for ride and major and minor
drainage.
5. ENTRANCEWAY/DRIVEWAY DESIGN
Entranceway refers to any private road, laneway, driveway, gate or other

structure or facility constructed as a means of access to a Region of Durham
road.
High Volume Entranceway
Refers to an entranceway providing access to and/or egress from:
• an office, retail or institutional building

• an apartment building containing more than five dwelling units
• an employee or other parking lot
• an industrial facility, warehouse or trucking terminal
• a community or regional shopping centre
• a recreational complex or other public facility

Works Department
The design of a high volume entranceway should generally follow the criteria in
Section 4 - Intersections.
Low Volume Entranceway
Refers to an entranceway providing access to and/or egress from:
• a single family residence

• an apartment building containing not more than five dwelling units
• a farm consisting of not more than four plowable hectares or a field forming
part of a farm and used exclusively for the passage of animals and crops
Other entranceways serving land uses not covered above are subject to
interpretation by the Region of Durham as to whether the “high volume” or “low
volume” entranceway requirements will be applied.
Basic Entranceway Dimensions
Basic widths, curb spacing, radii and angles of entranceway for various land uses
in urban and rural areas are given in the following Table 2. Methods of
measurement can be found following Table 2 and are illustrated in Figure 1.
For the purpose of Table 2 below, “Urban” refers to a curbed cross section and
“Rural” refers to open ditch construction.
The design values given may be adjusted by the Region of Durham as required
to handle expected traffic conditions.
TABLE 2 – Entranceway Geometry
DIMENSION URBAN RURAL

ENTRANCEWAY
REFERENCE
GEOMETRICS Res. Com. Ind. Res. Com. Ind. Farm
(see Fig.1)
Width (m) at property
W
line
Minimum 3.5 4.5 6.0 4.9 5.5 6.0 6.0 (2)
Maximum (2 Lane) 7.5 8.0 12.0 9.0 9.0 12.0 15.0
Maximum (3 Lane) 7.5 11.0 12.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 15.0
Right Turn Radius (m) R
(1)
Minimum 4.5 6.0 3.0 4.5 7.5 7.5 (3)
(1)
Maximum 12.0 15.0 7.5 24.0 24.0 24.0
Minimum Spacing (m)
From property line P R R R R R R
Between driveways E 7.5 25.0 25.0 7.5 25.0 25.0
Notes:

Works Department
1) In Urban areas, all residential entrances shall have a minimum 1.5 m approaching
and 1.0 m departing flare in addition to the entrance width shown in the table above.
2) Recommended minimum width of 8.0m to accommodate larger farm equipment is
used. Access width to be reviewed with the farm owner/operator.
3) Minimum radius for farm entrances should consider the farm equipment used (in
consultation with the farm owner/operator) and consider the Regional Road AADT.
OPSD 351.010 (latest revision) shall be used as a guide for urban residential
design with the exception of approaching / departing flare dimensions. For
commercial entrances use OPSD 350.010, with the exception of the dimensions
specified above.
The minimum width of commercial and industrial driveways is intended to apply

to a one-way operation. The driveway width is to be measured at the edge of
road pavement between the inner limit of the curb return radius or between the
curb return radius and the near edge of a curbed island. Curbed islands shall
have a surface area of at least 30 m2.
In urban areas with pedestrian or bicycle facilities in the boulevard, the driveway
width and radius dimensions should reflect the lower range of values provided in
Table 2.
The desirable angle for any entrance should be 90 degrees. The minimum acute
angle for any entranceway, measured from the centreline of roadway should be
70 degrees.
OPSD 301.010 and OPSD 301.020 shall be used as guides for rural entrance
design.
FIGURE 1
At entrances in rural locations, no curb will be permitted within the right-of-way.

Works Department
Minimum Pavement Structure Requirements for Entranceways
The following are the minimum consolidated depth requirements:
• Residential Driveways
Asphalt - 50 mm of HL 3 surface course

- 150 mm Granular A
OR
Asphalt (Heavy Duty)

- 50 mm of HL 3 surface course
- 40mm of HL 8 base course
- 150 mm Granular A (if required)
OR
Granular - 300 mm of crushed stone
• Light Industrial, Commercial and Apartments

- 50 mm of HL 8 base course
- 300 mm Granular A
OR
Granular - 150 mm of crushed stone

- 300 mm of Granular B
• Heavy Industrial Driveways (Geotechnical investigation recommended)

- 80mm (40+40) of HL8 base course
- 150 mm Granular A
- 300 mm Granular B
Entranceway Design Considerations
For criteria and design parameters of turning lanes at entrances from the
Regional Road refer to TAC and the criteria in Section 4 - Intersections.
Where signalization is required for a proposed entranceway onto a Regional

Road, the design should follow the guidelines above for intersection design.

Works Department
The width of curb cut for residential driveways shall be as specified by the
Region of Durham. The width of curb cut for apartment, commercial and
industrial driveways shall take into account the basic width of the driveway and
the radius of curvature as further outlined below. Where mutual driveways are
constructed between two adjoining properties, the curb cut shall be continuous.
Continuous sidewalk, curb and gutter should be provided across any un-
signalized driveway, including a private street, where sidewalk is present at the
approaches.
If a driveway or private street is an approach to a signalized intersection, it

should generally be designed according to the above practice for public streets.
There may be reasons to vary this approach on a site-specific basis. These

cases should be discussed with the Region.
For new developments, the maximum grade permissible for an access driveway,
from the sidewalk to the garage shall be 10%. This maximum grade is not
recommended and should be employed only in exceptional cases where physical
conditions prohibit the use of lesser grades. There shall be a minimum grade of
2% towards the road from the property line to the curb line.
When the entrance design includes a right turn lane or taper, a 1.5m setback
should be provided between the back of the curb and the sidewalk or Multi Use
Path (MUP).
The profile of the entrance should slope up from the road toward the property line
to maintain the sidewalk profile across entrances and to address overland flow
containment. Refer to OPSD 310.050, Partially Depressed option as a guide.
The profile of the entrance should be designed to achieve sufficient under or

ground clearance (distance from the bottom of the vehicle body to the ground) to
prevent dragging and scraping on the vertical profile grade changes. Sharp
breaks are to be avoided.
Turn Restrictions
Where a high volume entranceway will enter onto a Regional road, the Region of
Durham may require, as a condition of access, the restriction of left turn
movements into and/or out of the access. This will be determined based on site
specific conditions.

Works Department
Control of turn restrictions will normally require the provision of raised median
along the Regional Road through the entranceway, extending at least 25 m past
the curb returns at the entranceway to restrict left-turning traffic. If feasible, the
median should be extended from the closest existing raised median.
In some cases, only when raised median provision is not possible, a trumpet
island design can be provided, based on TAC 3.2.9.1.
Sight Distance at Entranceways
Minimum sight distance requirements at high volume entranceways will be the

Minimum Decision Sight Distance, based upon the appropriate design speed, as
set out in TAC Figure 2.3.3.6.
The minimum sight distance requirements at low volume entranceways will be

the Minimum Stopping Sight Distance, based upon the appropriate design speed,
as set out in TAC Figure 2.3.3.6.
Sight distance requirements are typically based upon 1.05 m eye height and 0.38
m height of object.
Entranceway Spacing / Corner Clearance
Entranceway spacing in urban areas is generally set out in the Regional Official
Plan (Schedule E-Table E7) based on the Arterial Type. The minimum spacing is
set out in Table 2 above is applicable only where greater spacing is not possible
due to physical constraints.
Corner clearance is the distance between an intersection and an entranceway

either upstream or downstream. Minimum corner clearance dimensions are set
out in TAC Figure 3.2.8.2, depending upon the road category and the type of
intersection.
Typically the Region requires entranceways to be located outside of the

functional intersection area, and located outside of auxiliary turn lanes required
for the intersection.
Entranceway Drainage
Entranceways should be designed to prevent site drainage entering the Regional

road. In addition, drainage from the Regional road should be collected within the
road right of way and not spill onto the adjacent private property.

Works Department
Entrance culverts shall be designed for a 25 year storm event and as per
Durham Region’s standards, and shall have a minimum size of 450 mm. For
areas with known drainage concerns the road authority may require additional
design calculations and/or a larger culvert size.
The length of culvert shall be determined using the depth of ditch and 4:1 side
slopes. Culverts shall be designed to accommodate minimum of highway (H-20)
loading and soil conditions.
Entranceway Permits
A property owner must have an “Application for Property Access” approved by

the Region prior to the installation of a new or modified entranceway. Application
forms are available through the Works Department at Regional Headquarters,
the Regional Depots, or through the Region’s website.

Works Department
STORM SEWERS
WORKS DEPARTMENT

Works Department
STORM SEWERS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. DESIGN FLOWS AND WATERSHED AREA ....................................................................................... 1
2. STORM SEWER DESIGN ...................................................................................................................... 2

Runoff Quantity..................................................................................................................................... 2
Pipe Capacity “Q” ................................................................................................................................. 3
Roughness Coefficient “n” .................................................................................................................... 3
Velocity ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Minimum Sizes of Pipe ......................................................................................................................... 3
Minimum Depth of Pipe ........................................................................................................................ 3
Maintenance Holes ............................................................................................................................... 3
Catch Basins ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Pipe ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
3. MATERIALS ........................................................................................................................................... 6
4. EASEMENT REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................. 6
5. CAMERA INSPECTION OF STORM SEWERS ..................................................................................... 6
6. APPROVALS ......................................................................................................................................... 7

Works Department
STORM SEWERS
1. DESIGN FLOWS AND WATERSHED AREA
The watershed area shall be determined from contour plans and shall include all
areas that naturally drain into the system and shall also consider all lot grading
plans for proposed developments.
A plan of the watershed area shall be prepared for submission to the Region of
Durham and shall include all affected streets, lots and watercourses. The
proposed storm sewer system shall be shown on this plan including each
maintenance hole and catch basin. Maintenance holes or catch basins shall be
provided at every change of pipe size, grade and alignment.
The watershed area outlet tributary point to each maintenance hole and catch
basin shall be clearly outlined on the storm drainage area plan with the area in
hectares (to the nearest tenth) and runoff coefficient both shown in a circle of
15 mm diameter.
4.6 ha
Thus 0.5 .
In cases where areas of different runoff coefficients are tributary to one

maintenance hole or catch basin, the areas tributary to the maintenance hole or
catch basin shall be individually outlined. The tributary area and runoff coefficient
for each area shall be shown as set out above.
In determining tributary areas to maintenance holes and catch basins, the

proposed grading of lots must be considered and taken into account in order to
maintain consistency in design.
In the case of large tributary areas under single ownership, such as shopping
centres, apartment developments, schools, etc., the design shall be prepared on
the basis of the whole area being tributary to a maintenance hole or catch basin
in an abutting storm sewer. When more than one storm sewer connection will be
necessary to serve the property in question, the appropriate area tributary to
each storm sewer connection shall be clearly shown and taken into account in
the design of the storm sewer.
In lieu of precise information on development of the whole or any part of a

watershed area, the latest approved zoning by-law and plans shall be used to
select the correct values of the runoff coefficients to be used in the design and to
determine the specific areas where they will apply.

Works Department
STORM SEWERS
2. STORM SEWER DESIGN
Runoff Quantity
The design of the storm sewers shall be computed on the Region of Durham’s
Standard Storm Sewer Design Sheets (see Appendix) or similar sheets.
• All storm sewers shall be designed according to the Rational Formula where:
Q = 2.78 (A x i x R) i = 3454
Tc+20
A = Area, hectares
i = Average rainfall intensity, millimetres/hour
R = Runoff coefficient
Q = Runoff quantity, litres/second
Tc= Time of concentration, minutes
The values of the rainfall intensity “i” shall be determined using approved Rainfall
Intensity - Duration Curve and a storm frequency of 1:10 years. A storm
frequency of 1:5 years may be considered when the new storm sewer system will
discharge into an existing system. Values for the runoff coefficient "R" shall be as
approved by the Engineer who shall also determine which storm sewers shall be
designated as trunk storm sewer.
In urban areas the value of the runoff coefficient will be increased for high
magnitude storms. For the 25, 50 and 100-year events the runoff coefficient “C”
should be multiplied by the corresponding Antecedent Precipitation Index (Ca)
listed below.
Antecedent Precipitation Index (Ca) – Multiply the C value by Ca for a given

storm event:
• 25 year storm = 1.10
• 50 year storm = 1.20
• 100 year storm = 1.25
The maximum value of Ca x C is 1.00.
A minimum 15-minute Tc for entry time shall generally be allowed at the head of
the system. Smaller times of concentration may be considered for individual
situations. Other approved methods may be used for the design of storm sewers
where it is considered expedient, however, design flow values shall not be less
than those calculated using the Rational Formula.

Works Department
STORM SEWERS
Pipe Capacity “Q”
Manning's Formula (see Appendix) shall be used to compute both capacity and
velocity of storm sewers. The capacity of the storm sewer shall be calculated on
the pipe flowing full. This formula shall be used in conjunction with the Region of
Durham storm sewer design.
Roughness Coefficient “n”
The roughness coefficient to be used for storm sewer pipes shall be:
• Concrete
- n = 0.013 for all size of pipes
• Polyvinyl Chloride
• High Density Polyethylene

• Corrugated Steel
- n = manufacturers specifications
Velocity
The velocity in storm sewers shall be limited to a minimum of 0.75 m/s and a
maximum of 5.00 m/s.
Velocity change from one pipe to another in a maintenance hole shall not exceed
0.60 m/s.
Minimum Sizes of Pipe
Sewer mains shall be 300 mm diameter.

Catch basin connections shall be 250 mm diameter for single catch basins and
300 mm diameter for double catch basins.
Minimum Depth of Pipe
The minimum cover from finished grade to the top of pipe shall be 1.20 m.
Maintenance Holes
Maintenance holes shall be provided at each change in alignment, grade, pipe

size and pipe material.

Works Department
STORM SEWERS
Maintenance holes shall be spaced at a maximum of 120 m for pipe sizes

300 mm diameter to 1200 mm diameter and a maximum of 150 m for pipe sizes
greater than 1200 mm diameter.
Maintenance hole chamber openings shall be located towards the road unless
otherwise specified.
Maintenance hole sizing based on pipe opening and benching (if required) shall
be determined from the chart shown in accordance with OPSD 701.021 (latest
revision).
Maintenance hole tees may be built on concrete storm sewer pipe from 1200 to
3000 mm diameter as shown in accordance with OPSD 707.010 (latest revision).
The minimum drop across the maintenance hole for all straight runs shall be
sufficient to maintain the hydraulic grade line across the maintenance hole.
The obverts on the upstream side of a maintenance hole shall be in no case

lower than those on the downstream side.
When the dimensions of a maintenance hole exceed those on Standard

Drawings, the maintenance hole shall be individually designed and detailed.
Safety platforms shall be required in all maintenance holes greater than 5.0 m in
depth. Safety platforms shall not be more than 5.0 m apart and constructed in
accordance with OPSD 404.020 (latest revision).
All maintenance holes located on easements in parks, in playgrounds or in other

locations as deemed necessary shall be equipped with a locking, watertight
maintenance hole cover.
For maintenance holes located outside the roadway, concrete adjustment units
shall be set in 3 parts sand, 1 part mortar or using Moduloc tape. The adjustment
units shall be parged on the outside with 15 mm of 3 parts sand, 1 part mortar
and sealed with two coats of bituminous paint.
A 1 m minimum 50 mm circular asphalt collar shall be installed around a

maintenance hole located in a gravel shoulder according to Region of Durham
Standard Drawing S-101.030.
Catch Basins
Special catch basins and inlet structures shall be fully designed and detailed.
Catch basins shall be selected, located and spaced in accordance with
conditions of design; the spacing shall not exceed 75 m. The design for catch
basin location and type shall take into consideration the lot areas, lot grades,

Works Department
STORM SEWERS
road widths and road grades. The catch basin spacing may be altered for road
profile grades over 4%, for special cases by using side inlet catch basins or
special grates. Double catch basins are required at sag locations where drainage
is received from more than one direction.
Side inlet catch basins are to be used adjacent to on road bicycle lanes. Spacing
of side inlet catch basins shall be calculated to ensure capture of minor system.
At street intersections, catch basins shall be located immediately upstream of

sidewalk or pedestrian crosswalks. Avoid placing catch basins within the
intersection curb returns.
Catch basins and connections shall provide for the expected maximum flow.
OPSD 400.020 (latest revision), Cast Iron, Square Frame, with Square Flat Grate
for Catch Basins, Herring Bone Openings shall be used.
For single and double catch basins, the connection pipe shall be laid at 1.00%
minimum grade.
Catch basin outlet pipes shall be connected directly to the nearest storm
maintenance hole, or to the mainline storm sewer using a prefabricated tee.
Subdrains shall be provided on both sides of all catch basins where possible, and
connected to the catch basin at the downstream end of the subdrain by 2.0 m
section of non-perforated corrugated steel pipe. All plastic knockouts shall be
entirely removed from catch basins. All catch basin connections shall be
mortared on the inside and outside of the catch basin wall.
For catch basins located outside the roadway, concrete adjustment units shall be
set in 3 parts sand, 1 part mortar or using Moduloc tape. The adjustment units
shall be parged on the outside with 15 mm of 3 parts sand, 1 part mortar and
sealed with two coats of bituminous paint.
A 1 m minimum 50 mm asphalt collar shall be installed around a catch basin

located in a gravel shoulder according to Region of Durham Standard Drawing S-
101.030.
Pipe
Pipe length, diameter, material type and class, percent grade and bedding shall
be shown on the profile for all lengths of storm sewer pipe.
Proposed/existing pipe diameters shall be shown over top of the subject pipe,
both on the plan and profile section of the drawing.

Works Department
STORM SEWERS
All storm sewers shall be located as shown on the appropriate road cross-section
standard.
Pipe sizes shall not decrease from a larger size upstream to a smaller size
downstream regardless of the increase in grade.
Pipe class and bedding shall be designed based on pipe material used to suit a
minimum of highway (H-20) loading and soil conditions.
3. MATERIALS
For storm sewer material refer to the Region of Durham Approved

Manufacturers’ Product List. The consulting engineer shall support the selection
of pipe to be used with reference to applicable OPSD Standards or by providing
detailed design calculations.
Storm sewers shall be constructed of concrete pipe, polyvinyl chloride pipe, high-
density polyethylene pipe or concrete cast in place. The classification of pipe to
be used shall be clearly shown on the profile for all lengths of storm sewer pipe.
Corrugated steel pipe shall not be used as part of an enclosed storm sewer
system. Corrugated steel pipe can be used for storm sewer outlets, driveway
culverts and road crossing culverts.
For minimum widths of permanent easements refer to Section 3 of Design

Specifications for Engineering Submissions.
The locations of storm sewers within easements or where deemed necessary by

the Region of Durham, shall be indicated with marker sign and post. Contractor
to supply and install marker post, the location and spacing will be determined by
the Region of Durham and shown on the contract drawings. Marker signs shall
be made available from the Region of Durham at no cost. All costs associated
with the installation of marker signs and posts shall be borne by the contractor.
5. CAMERA INSPECTION OF STORM SEWERS
Refer to the Region of Durham’s “Construction Specifications for Regional

Services”, General Requirements, Section 01450, Clause -1.07 Camera
Inspection for the correct format.

Works Department
STORM SEWERS
6. APPROVALS
Design and construction of storm water discharge to creeks, wet lands, storm
water management ponds etc. to be in accordance with and approved by
Conservation Authority, Ministry of Natural Resources, Department of Fisheries
of Ontario and the Ministry of Environment including adjacent property owners
and Local Municipalities.

Works Department
SANITARY SEWERS
WORKS DEPARTMENT
April 2017
SANITARY SEWERS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. SEWER SYSTEM BY-LAW 90-2003...................................................................................................... 1

2. DESIGN FLOW....................................................................................................................................... 1
Residential ............................................................................................................................................ 1
Commercial .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Retirement Residence/Nursing Homes ................................................................................................ 2
Industrial / Schools & Institutions ......................................................................................................... 3
Sanitary Drainage Area Plan ................................................................................................................ 3
3. SANITARY SEWER DESIGN................................................................................................................. 3
Pipe Capacities “Q” .............................................................................................................................. 3
Roughness Coefficients “n” .................................................................................................................. 3
Velocity and Grade ............................................................................................................................... 3
Siphon Design ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Minimum Size of Pipe ........................................................................................................................... 4
Minimum Depth of Pipe ........................................................................................................................ 4
Pipe ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Connections .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Tracer Wire ........................................................................................................................................... 7
4. MATERIALS ........................................................................................................................................... 7
5. EASEMENT REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................. 8
6. CAMERA INSPECTION OF SANITARY SEWERS…………………………………………………………8
7. CONCRETE ENCASEMENT ................................................................................................................. 9

Works Department
SANITARY SEWERS
1. SEWER SYSTEM BY-LAW 90-2003
The Region of Durham’s Sewer System By-Law 90-2003 is to be used in-

conjunction with the Region of Durham’s Design Standards or most recent
amendment.
2. DESIGN FLOW
Sewage flows shall be calculated on the basis of:
Residential
• Average Flow
- 364 L/person/day
• Infiltration
- 22.5 m3/gross ha/day (0.26 l/s/day) - when foundation drains are not
connected to the sanitary sewer.
- 45.0 m3/gross ha/day (0.52 l/s/day) - when foundation drains are

connected to sanitary sewers (in accordance with Region of Durham
policy).
Calculated on the number of gross hectares of residential lands tributary to

the sanitary sewer systems.
Design flows shall be calculated on the Region of Durham’s Standard Design

Sheet (see Appendix).
• Peaking Factor
KH = 1 + 14 KH - Harmon peaking factor

4 + P1/2 P - Population in thousands
KH - Maximum 3.8
- Minimum 1.5
• Population Density
When lands are zoned for a specific residential use and detailed information
is not available, the following population densities shall apply:
• Type of Housing Persons/Hectare
Single Family Dwelling 60

Semi-detached & Duplex 100

Works Department
SANITARY SEWERS
Townhouse 125
Apartment
- Low Density (62 u/ha) 150
- Med-Low Density (86 u/ha) 210
- Med Density (124 u/ha) 300
- High Density (274 u/ha) 600
u/ha = units per hectare
When the number and type of housing units within a proposed development
are known, the calculation of population for the proposed development shall
be based on the following:
• Type of Housing Persons/Unit
Single Family Dwelling, Semi-Detached and Links 3.5

Townhouses 3.0
Apartment(s)
- 1 Bedroom or smaller (Bachelor) 1.5
- 2 Bedroom 2.5
- 3 Bedroom 3.5
- 4 Bedroom or larger 4.5
• Undeveloped Land
Future land use and population shall be based on the Region of Durham
Official Plan and Secondary Plans of the Local Municipalities.
Commercial
Design Flow: 180 m³ /gross floor area ha/day (2.08 l/s/day) including infiltration
and peaking effect.
Floor Space Index: 0.50 of gross lot area unless designated otherwise on the
approved plan.
Retirement Residence/Nursing Homes
When calculating the sanitary flows from a retirement residence/nursing home,

the residential one bedroom apartment rate is to be used when determining the
sanitary flow.

Works Department
SANITARY SEWERS
Industrial / Schools & Institutions
• Design Flow Industrial:

- 180 m³/gross ha/day (2.08 l/s/day) including infiltration and peaking effect
for local sewers.
- 90 m³/gross ha/day (1.04 l/s/day) including infiltration and peaking effect
for trunk sewers.
• Design Flow Schools & Institutions:

- 112 m³/gross ha/day including infiltration and peaking effect.
The area is calculated using the number of gross hectares included in the
industrial, school or institutional site. This flow figure will apply unless evidence
exists which will require additional treatment or provide additional volume.
Sanitary Drainage Area Plan
The tributary areas used in the evaluation of the design flows shall be shown on
a plan to a scale of 1:5000. This plan shall indicate the land use, area, population
density or number of units, and the design flow in l/s. For each area entered on
the design sheet, the maintenance hole numbers, the size and grade of the
sewers, and the plan number of the detailed plan and profile for each section of
the sanitary sewer shall also be indicated.
3. SANITARY SEWER DESIGN
Pipe Capacities “Q”
Sewer capacities shall be computed by using Manning's Formula on the basis of

sewer pipe flowing full. (see Appendix)
Roughness Coefficients “n”
For all types of pipe a roughness coefficient of n=0.013 shall be used.
Velocity and Grade
Minimum velocity 0.60 m/s and the minimum grade of 0.5% for all local sewers.
A minimum grade of 1% for the first upstream leg.
The maximum velocity in any sewer shall be 3.65 m/s
Velocity change from the upstream pipe to the downstream pipe in a

maintenance hole shall not decrease by more than 0.60 m/s.

Works Department
SANITARY SEWERS
Siphon Design
The minimum velocity for siphon design is 0.90 m/s (as per MOE criteria).
Siphon design submissions are to include siphon calculations stamped and
signed by an engineer.
Minimum Size of Pipe
Minimum size of pipe shall be 200 mm diameter.
Depth is measured from the final centerline finished road elevation to the top of
the sanitary sewer:
• For residential, commercial and institutional areas the minimum depth shall
be 2.75 m.
• For industrial areas, the minimum depth shall be 2.15 m.
In all cases the proposed sanitary sewers shall be installed at sufficient depth to
service lands external to the site as determined by the Region of Durham.
Maintenance Holes
Maintenance holes shall be constructed of poured or precast concrete as

detailed on the Standard Drawings.
Maintenance holes shall be provided at each change in alignment, grade, pipe

material and at all junctions, except where radius pipe is used in size 1050 mm
and over.
Maintenance holes shall be spaced at a maximum of 120 m for pipe sizes 200
mm diameter to 750 mm diameter, a maximum of 125 m for pipe sizes 825 mm
diameter to 1200 mm diameter and a maximum of 155 m for pipe sizes over
1200 mm diameter. Where sewers are installed using microtunneling or
horizontal directional drilling, the maximum spacing of maintenance holes will be
evaluated on a site specific basis.
The type and size of maintenance hole shall be specified on the profile and a
detail of the benching is to be shown on the plan portion of the engineering
drawing for cases when the benching differs from the normal.
Granular bedding shall be 19 mm crusher run limestone.

Works Department
SANITARY SEWERS
All maintenance hole chamber openings shall be located on the upstream side of
the maintenance hole.
The maximum change in the direction of flow in any sanitary sewer maintenance
hole shall be 90 degrees. A change of flow direction at acute interior angles shall
not be permitted.
A maximum drop of 0.25 m will only be allowed if the design of the sewer cannot
be modified to reduce the drop or modified to accommodate a drop structure.
If the design of the sewer system is such that the difference in elevation between
the maintenance hole inlet and outlet will exceed 0.25 m, then a drop structure
shall be required. Drop structures with an elevation difference greater than 5.0m
shall be individually designed and detailed.
Whenever feasible, sewer systems shall be designed to avoid the use of drop
structures.
When pipe size does not change through a maintenance hole and the upstream
flow velocity does not exceed 1.5 m/s, the following allowances shall be made to
compensate for hydraulic losses:
For non-pre-benched maintenance holes:
Alignment Change Drop Required
• straight run grade of sewer

• 15 - 45 degrees 0.03 m
• 46 - 90 degrees 0.06 m
• Junctions and Transitions*
For pre-benched maintenance holes:
Alignment Change Drop Required
• 0 - 45 degrees 0.03 m
• 46 - 90 degrees 0.06 m
• Junctions and Transitions*
For all junction and transition maintenance holes, and when the upstream flow
velocity exceeds 1.5 m/s; the drop required shall be calculated using the Ministry
of the Environment guidelines “Hydraulic Calculations for Junction and Transition
Maintenance Holes” (See Appendices).

Works Department
SANITARY SEWERS
The obvert(s) on the upstream side of a maintenance hole shall not be lower than
the obvert(s) on the downstream side of the maintenance hole.
All maintenance holes shall be benched as detailed on the Standard Drawings

for poured and precast maintenance holes. Benching shall meet the following
criteria:
• All benching shall be sloped at 2 % to channel.

• Alignment of sewer to extend a minimum of 150 mm into
maintenance hole before a change in alignment begins.
Benching height requirements shall be determined from the chart shown in

accordance with OPSD 701.021 (latest revision).
The Standard Drawings provide details for maintenance holes up to certain

maximum depths. The Engineer shall analyze individually each application of the
standards, related to soil conditions, loading and other pertinent factors, to
determine structural suitability. In all cases where the standards are not
applicable, maintenance holes shall be individually designed and detailed.
When any dimension of a maintenance hole exceeds those on the Standard
Drawings, the maintenance hole shall be individually designed and detailed.
Safety platforms shall be required in all maintenance holes greater than 5.0 m in
depth. Safety platforms shall not be more than 5.0 m apart and shall be
constructed according to the Standard Drawings.
Whenever practical, a safety platform shall be located 0.5 m below the drop
structure inlet pipe.
All maintenance holes located on easements in parks, in playgrounds or in other

locations as deemed necessary shall be equipped with a locking watertight
maintenance hole cover.
A 1 m minimum 50 mm circular asphalt collar shall be installed around a

maintenance hole located in a gravel shoulder according to Region of Durham
Standard Drawing S-101.030.
Lifting holes in precast sections shall be completely filled with 3 parts sand, 1 part
cement mortar prior to backfilling.
For maintenance holes located outside the roadway, concrete adjustment units
shall be set in 3 parts sand, 1 part mortar or using Moduloc tape. The adjustment
units shall be parged on the outside with 15 mm of 3 parts sand, 1 part mortar
and sealed with two coats of bituminous paint.

Works Department
SANITARY SEWERS
Pipe
The class and type of pipe and the type of pipe bedding shall be shown on the
profile for each section of sewer.
The use of radius pipe or deflected pipe will be permitted to achieve changes in
horizontal alignment for sewer sizes 1050 mm diameter and larger. The minimum
radius allowed for various pipe diameters shall be as detailed in the manufacturer
specifications. When pipes are deflected at the joints, the angle of joint
displacement shall not exceed 3 degrees.
No decrease of pipe size from a larger size upstream to a smaller size

downstream shall be allowed regardless of increase in grade.
Pipe bedding and class of pipe shall be designed to suit ultimate loading
conditions.
No sanitary service connections shall be permitted to sanitary sewers exceeding

7.60 m in depth. Depth is measured from the final centre line finished road
elevation to the top of the sanitary sewer.
PVC forcemains shall be white or green.
Pipe stub locations and elevations shall be surveyed and accurately tied to
permanent structures prior to backfilling.
Connections
All sanitary sewer connections to service private property shall comply with the
“Design Specifications for Service Connections”.
Tracer Wire
Tracer wire shall be installed on all forcemains. Tracer wire shall be brought to
the surface using 50 mm diameter valve boxes spaced at 300 m intervals along
the forcemain for locating purposes.
4. MATERIALS
For sanitary sewer material refer to the Region of Durham Approved

Manufacturers’ Product List.
In industrial areas, vitrified clay (VC) pipe shall be used up to and including 600
mm diameter, reinforced concrete pipe shall be used greater than 600 mm
diameter.

Works Department
SANITARY SEWERS
In non-industrial areas, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe shall be used up to 375 mm

diameter, PVC or reinforced concrete pipe shall be used for 450 mm diameter,
reinforced concrete pipe shall be used for greater than 450 mm diameter.
PVC sanitary sewers at grades of 0.5% and greater shall have a minimum
dimension ratio (DR) of 35 and be green in colour.
The consulting engineer shall support the selection of pipe to be used with
reference to applicable OPSD Standards or by providing detailed design
calculations.
Where soil conditions and depth of pipe allow, the Region of Durham's standard
bedding detail for PVC pipe shall be used. Where the depth of pipe and soil
conditions require additional bedding requirements as determined by the design
Engineer, detailed design calculations, a geotechnical report and any
supplemental drawings shall be submitted to support the additional bedding
requirements.
For PVC pipe, the maximum deflection measured not earlier than 24 hours after
backfill shall not exceed 5.5% of average inside diameter (ID). The maximum
deflection measured after one year of installation, and prior to the end of
maintenance period shall not exceed 7.0% of average ID.
For minimum widths of permanent easements refer to Section 6 of Design

The locations of sanitary sewers within easements or where deemed necessary

by the Region of Durham, shall be indicated with marker sign and post.
Contractor shall supply and install marker post, the location and spacing will be
determined by the Region of Durham and shown on the contract drawings.
Marker signs shall be made available from the Region of Durham at no cost. All
costs associated with the installation of marker signs and posts shall be borne by
the contractor.
6. CAMERA INSPECTION OF SANITARY SEWERS
Refer to the Region of Durham’s “Construction Specifications for Regional

Services”, General Requirements, Section 01450, Clause 1.07 Camera
Inspection, for the correct format.

Works Department
SANITARY SEWERS
7. CONCRETE ENCASEMENT
If concrete encasement is necessary for rigid pipe, a detailed design shall be

submitted for approval. Concrete encasement shall be designed from
maintenance hole to maintenance hole to prevent pipe shear. All concrete
encased pipes shall be upsized one size to allow for potential future liners.

Works Department
DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR
WATERMAINS
WORKS DEPARTMENT
April 2017
WATERMAINS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM BY-LAW 89-2003 ..................................................................................... 1
2. DESIGN FLOWS .................................................................................................................................... 1

Watermain Capacities ......................................................................................................................... 1
Commercial and Institutional Water Demands .................................................................................... 1
Industrial Water Demands ................................................................................................................... 2
3. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM PRESSURES ............................................................................................ 2

Water Distribution Systems/ Private Lawn Sprinkler Systems ............................................................ 2
4. FRICTION FACTORS ............................................................................................................................ 2
5. WATERMAINS ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Minimum Sizes of Pipe ........................................................................................................................ 3
Minimum Depth of Pipe ....................................................................................................................... 3
Dead Ends ........................................................................................................................................... 3
6. VALVES ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Mainline Valves ................................................................................................................................... 4
Sizes .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Number, Location and Spacing ........................................................................................................... 4
Air Valves ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Drain Valves ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Valve Boxes......................................................................................................................................... 5
Chambers ............................................................................................................................................ 5
7. HYDRANTS ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Numbers, Spacing and Type ............................................................................................................... 5
Branch Valves and Boxes ................................................................................................................... 6
Anti-tampering Devices ....................................................................................................................... 6
8. SAMPLING STATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 6
9. WATER SYSTEM TESTING .................................................................................................................. 6
10. CONNECTIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 7
11. MATERIALS ........................................................................................................................................... 7

Alternative Watermain Materials ......................................................................................................... 7
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pressure Pipe in Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)
Applications ......................................................................................................................................... 8
12. CATHODIC PROTECTION .................................................................................................................... 8

Tracer Wire .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Copper Service Connections............................................................................................................... 9
Valves, Hydrants and Fittings on Non-Ferrous Watermains ............................................................... 9
Valves, Hydrants and Fittings on Existing Ferrous Watermains ......................................................... 9
Connecting Non-Ferrous Watermains to Ferrous Watermains ........................................................... 9
Exposed Ferrous Watermain............................................................................................................... 9
Thermite Weld Coating ........................................................................................................................ 9

Works Department
WATERMAINS
13. EASEMENT REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................................. 9
14. RESTRAINED JOINTS ........................................................................................................................ 10
15. CONCRETE ENCASEMENT ............................................................................................................... 10
16. WATER METERS................................................................................................................................. 10

Works Department
WATERMAINS
1. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM BY-LAW 89-2003
The Region of Durham’s Water Supply System By-Law 89-2003 shall comply in-
conjunction with the Region of Durham’s Design Standards or most recent
amendment.
2. DESIGN FLOWS
Watermain Capacities
Watermains shall be sized to carry the greater of maximum day plus fire flow or
maximum hour demand. Fire flow shall be calculated as outlined in the current
edition of "Water Supply for Fire Protection, A Guide to Recommended Practice"
issued by the Fire Underwriters Survey of the Insurance Bureau of Canada,
unless otherwise approved by the Region of Durham.
The minimum required fire flow for single family, detached dwellings is 4,500
L/min.
Commercial and Institutional Water Demands
A population equivalent of 86 persons per hectare shall be used to estimate the

water consumption for large commercial areas unless more specific data is
available.
The following average daily consumption rates for individual commercial and
institutional use:
Shopping Centers 2500 - 5000 L/day/1000 m

Hospitals 900 - 1800 L/bed/day
Schools 70 - 140 L/student/day
Campgrounds 225 - 570 L/campsite/day
The water usage will drop to residential usage rates during the remainder of the
day. Schools generally do not exhibit large maximum day to average day ratios
and a factor of 1.5 will generally cover this variation. For estimation of peak
demand rates, a fixture-unit approach shall be used.
The peak water usage rates in campgrounds varies with the type of facilities
provided (showers, flush toilets, clothes washers, etc.) and the ratio of these
facilities to the number of campsites. A peak rate factor of 4 shall be used.
This factor shall be applied to the average expected water usage at full
occupancy of the campsite.

Works Department
WATERMAINS
Industrial Water Demands
The industrial water demand shall be estimated in terms of water requirements

per hectare of industrial development if more specific data are not available.
An average day value of 45 m3/ha/day shall be used with a maximum day figure
of 90 m3/ha/day.
3. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM PRESSURES
Water Distribution Systems/ Private Lawn Sprinkler Systems
The distribution system shall be sized to meet normal demands. The maximum
sustained operating pressures shall not exceed 700 kPa. Under conditions of
simultaneous maximum day and fire flow demands, the pressure shall not drop
below 140 kPa in the Regional portion of the Water Distribution System. Under
normal operating conditions, the pressure shall not drop below 275 kPa in the
Regional portion of the Water Distribution System.
The Ontario Building Code requires, “where the static pressure exceeds 550
kPa, a pressure reducing valve shall be installed to limit the maximum static
pressure to not more than 550 kPa in areas that may be occupied”.
As indicated in the Water Supply System By-Law 89-2003 Part II Section 7.3
indicates “The Region of Durham does not guarantee to any Consumer an
uninterrupted supply of Regional Water or that any standard of water pressure,
water quantity or water quality will be met or maintained and any failure to
provide an uninterrupted supply of Regional water or to provide an uninterrupted
supply of Regional Water or to meet any such standard shall not be construed as
neglect on part of the Region of Durham.”
4. FRICTION FACTORS
The following “C” values shall be used in the Hazen Williams equation (see the
following) for the design of water distribution systems unless actual pipe
materials and “C” factors are known:
Pipe Diameter (mm) “C” Factor

150 100
200 to 300 110
350 to 600 120
Over 600 130

Works Department
WATERMAINS
The Hazen Williams Equation is:
Q = 0.84918 CAR0.63S0.54
C = Coefficient of Roughness
R = Hydraulic Radius (m)
S = Slope of the Energy Grade Line (m/m)
A = Cross-Sectional Flow Area (m3)
The above “C” factors represent long-term values. A “C” factor of 140 shall be
used to calculate maximum velocities for transient pressure estimations, or for
checking pump motor sizes for run out conditions.
In evaluating existing systems for expansion, the “C” factors shall be determined
by actual field tests, wherever possible.
5. WATERMAINS
Sizes and looping of watermains shall be determined at the preliminary stage of

the development. The following are the minimum size requirements:
• Residential areas shall be a minimum of 150 mm diameter
• Industrial, commercial and institutional areas shall be a minimum of 300 mm

diameter
• Pipes of 250 mm, 350 mm and 450 mm diameter are no longer considered
standard production sizes and shall not be used for the design of new
distribution systems
Roads with curb and gutter shall have a minimum cover of 1.80 m, the watermain
measured from the top of pipe to the finished centre line road grade.
Roads with open ditches, the watermain shall have a minimum cover of 1.80 m.
Dead Ends
Wherever possible, the distribution system shall be designed to be looped to

eliminate dead end sections. Where dead ends cannot be avoided, they shall be
provided with a fire hydrant for flushing purposes, and a maximum of 20 houses
shall be permitted. The Region of Durham must be provided with a Watermain
Analysis Report to ensure that the watermain is adequately sized to meet the

Works Department
WATERMAINS
water flow and pressure requirements for the area. A secondary watermain loop
is required for any dead ends that will have more than 20 houses. All fittings and
joints encountered within the restraining length shall be restrained.
6. VALVES
Mainline Valves
Resilient seat gate valves shall be used on all watermains 400 mm in diameter
and less in size.
Butterfly valves are not permitted on all watermains 400 mm and smaller in size
unless otherwise specified.
All valves shall be of the approved type with non-rising stem and a 50 mm square
operating nut opening counter clockwise.
All in-line valves shall be restrained.
Sizes
The size of the valve shall be the same size as the watermain up to and including
600 mm diameter. Valves on 750 mm diameter and larger watermains may be
one size smaller than the water main size.
Number, Location and Spacing
Three valves are required at a tee intersection and four valves are required at a
cross intersection. Wherever practical, the valves shall be located at the point
where the projection of the street line intersects the watermain. Valve boxes and
chambers shall be located in boulevards whenever possible.
Mainline valves shall be located such that approximately 20 houses can be

shut-off from another block and isolated from the system. In no case shall the
spacing exceed 300 m. Valves on feedermains shall be spaced from
approximately 700 m to 900 m.
Air Valves
Air valves shall be placed at all significant high points on feedermains.
Drain Valves
Drain valves shall be located at the low points of all watermains 600 mm
diameter and greater and shall be constructed in a chamber.

Works Department
WATERMAINS
Valve Boxes
All valves 400 mm diameter and smaller shall have valve boxes and specified
direct bury operators shall be used.
All valves larger than 400 mm diameter can be installed in valve chambers. All
valves in chambers shall be installed with extension stems. Handwheels shall not
be installed.
The tops of valve boxes and valve chamber maintenance hole covers shall be
set flush with finished grade. The top of the roof slab of valve chambers shall be
at least 0.60 m below the profile of the finished pavement.
A 1 m minimum 50 mm circular asphalt collar shall be installed around a valve

box located in a gravel shoulder according to Region of Durham Standard
Drawing S-101.030.
Chambers
The use of chambers shall be minimized or eliminated whenever possible.
All watermain valve, drain valve and air valve chambers shall be provided with a
drain pipe connection to the storm sewer if feasible. No connections are
permitted to the sanitary sewer. Storm sewer connections shall include a
backflow preventer in an accessible location. The location of the storm sewer
connection shall be shown on the contract drawings.
7. HYDRANTS
Numbers, Spacing and Type
For hydrant specifications refer to Region of Durham Approved Manufacturers’

Product List.
Hydrants shall be installed on all watermains 150 mm diameter and larger with
the following maximum allowable spacing:
• 150 m in residential areas, or to provide for a maximum hose length of 75 m

measured along the length of the watermain.
• 75 m in industrial, commercial and institutional areas to provide for a

maximum hose length of 37.5 m measured along the length of the
watermain.

Works Department
WATERMAINS
• The Region of Durham can request that the hydrant spacing of 150 m for
residential areas and 75 m for non-residential areas be reduced based on a
site specific bases.
Branch Valves and Boxes
All hydrants installed on watermains shall be installed with 150 mm diameter

branch valve and box, attached to the watermain with an anchor tee.
Anti-tampering Devices
Anti-tampering devices shall be installed on hydrants designated by the Region

of Durham. The device shall be installed by the Region of Durham and shall
remain in place until the final acceptance certificate is issued or until building
construction is complete.
A fee shall be charged to the developer to cover the cost of supply, installation
and removal of the device.
8. SAMPLING STATIONS
Sampling stations shall be installed at locations as directed by the Region of

Durham.
For sampling station specifications and installation requirements refer to the

Region of Durham Watermain Standard Drawings.
9. WATER SYSTEM TESTING
All new watermains shall be cleaned by foam swabbing (up to and including 300
mm) to remove all debris in the pipeline, hydrostatically tested, disinfected and
flushed. Refer to Section 01450 Quality Control.
Tracer wire shall be installed on all feedermains according to Region of Durham

Standard Drawing S-220.010. Tracer wire shall be brought to the surface using
50 mm diameter valve boxes spaced 300 m intervals along the feedermain for
locating purposes.
Watermain shall be constructed according to Region of Durham Construction

Specifications Section 02511, and referring to AWWA 651, so as to include
sample points at 366 m intervals.

Works Department
WATERMAINS
10. CONNECTIONS
All water connections to service private property shall comply with the Design
Specifications for Service Connections.
11. MATERIALS
For acceptable watermain products, refer to the Region of Durham Approved

Manufacturers’ Products List.
For the purpose of this clause, the following definitions shall apply:
• A “Distribution Main” is a watermain carrying potable water supplied by a

feedermain. The primary function of the distribution main are:
- to distribute water to customers through service connections, and

- to provide fire protection through hydrants.
Distribution mains are normally size 150 mm to 300 mm in diameter.
• A “Feedermain” is any watermain where the primary function of such main is

for the transmission of potable water from a Water Supply Plant to a
Reservoir for supply of water to distribution mains. Feedermains are normally
sized 400 mm in diameter and larger. Feedermains shall not be tapped for
individual service connections. Service connections will require a local
distribution main from the feedermain across the frontage of the property and
looped back to the feedermain unless prior written approval is received from
the Region of Durham. The local watermain shall be sized to meet the
requirements of the these Watermain Design Standards and the Water
Supply System By-Law 89-2003.
Distribution mains shall be constructed of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) to AWWA

C900.
Feedermains shall be constructed of Concrete Pressure Pipe (CPP). CPP pipe

type shall be as specified on the Approved Manufacturers’ Products List for the
pipe size required.
Alternative Watermain Materials
For watermains which are 400 mm in diameter and larger, alternative watermain
materials as specified on the approved manufacturer’s product list will be
considered during detailed design stage only where the consequence of failure
scoring is less than the average consequence of failure score as calculated by
the Region of Durham. The Region of Durham considers many factors in

Works Department
WATERMAINS
calculating consequence of failure including, but not limited to, critical customers,
traffic, accessibility, environment, public safety, redundancy, etc.
Ductile Iron (DI) pipe may be permitted to replace existing DI pipes for short
sections (approximately 2 to 3 pipe lengths) only. DI pipe must have a
polyethylene encasement according to AWWA C105/A21.50.
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pressure Pipe in Horizontal Directional

Drilling (HDD) Applications
HDPE pipe will only be considered in HDD applications providing a geotechnical

survey indicates favourable conditions.
Mechanical restraints shall be required for 2 pipe lengths at each end of the
installation to provide a safety factor.
Following installation, HDPE shall not be connected for a minimum of 2 days to

allow the pipe to contract. Further delays in connecting may be required as
recommended by the manufacturer.
Double reinforced tracer wire shall be installed at the same time as the HDPE
installation.
All HDPE pipe shall be joined using the butt fusion process according to ASTM
F2620.
A minimum rating of DR11 shall be used in lieu of a liner. HDPE pipe sizes shall
range from 100 mm to 305 mm dia. (ID). Site specific approval shall be required
for use of 400 mm dia. (ID) as indicated in the Approved Manufacturers’ Product
Section.
All HDD pipe shall be constructed according to OPSS 450 “Construction

Specification for Pipeline and Utility Installation in Soil by Horizontal Directional
Drilling” and Region of Durham Construction Specifications.
12. CATHODIC PROTECTION
Tracer Wire
Cathodic protection shall be provided for all tracer wires on PVC and CPP
watermains. One 5.4 kg zinc anode shall be installed for every 1000 m of tracer
wire. The location of the anodes shall be shown on the construction drawings.

Works Department
WATERMAINS
Copper Service Connections
One 5.4 kg zinc anode shall be installed on all new copper service connections
and all existing copper service connections that are exposed during any type of
road reconstruction work.
Valves, Hydrants and Fittings on Non-Ferrous Watermains
One 5.4 kg zinc anode shall be installed on every valve, hydrant and fitting
connected to a non-ferrous watermain.
Fittings include bends, tees, crosses, sleeves, reducers, plugs, caps, joint
restrainers and couplings.
Valves, Hydrants and Fittings on Existing Ferrous Watermains
All valves and fittings installed on existing ferrous watermains shall be

cathodically protected by a 14.5 kg magnesium anode. Bonding cables shall be
provided on each side of the fitting to the existing watermain. Bonding cables
shall be No. 6, seven strand coated copper wire connected to the fittings and
watermain by a thermite weld (Cadweld).
Connecting Non-Ferrous Watermains to Ferrous Watermains
When connecting a non-ferrous watermain to a ferrous watermain, the ferrous

watermain shall be cathodically protected by a 14.5 kg magnesium anode.
Exposed Ferrous Watermain
When a ferrous watermain is exposed during construction of underground

utilities, a 14.5 kg magnesium anode shall be installed at each location.
Thermite Weld Coating
All thermite weld connections shall be coated with an approved coating material.
For minimum widths of permanent easements refer to Section 6 of the Design


Works Department
WATERMAINS
The locations of sanitary sewers within easements or where deemed necessary

by the Region of Durham, shall be indicated with marker sign and post.
Contractor shall supply and install marker post, the location and spacing will be
determined by the Region of Durham and shown on the contract drawings.
Marker signs shall be made available from the Region of Durham at no cost. All
costs associated with the installation of marker signs and posts shall be borne by
the contractor.
14. RESTRAINED JOINTS
Joint restrainers and granular thrust blocks shall be used on all fittings as
indicated on the appropriate Region of Durham Standard Drawing. Joints shall
be restrained in the opposing direction to thrust forces. All joints encountered
within the specified restraining length as indicated on the appropriate Standard
Drawings, shall be restrained. Watermains in poor soil conditions shall be
restrained as directed by the Region of Durham. Any fittings, which are to be cut
into an existing PVC watermain pipe, shall be specifically designed by the
Engineer to ensure that all existing and proposed pipe joints are adequately
restrained.
15. CONCRETE ENCASEMENT
Concrete encasement of PVC pipe is not permitted.
16. WATER METERS
Commercial, industrial, institutional and multi residential water meters shall be

installed in a meter utility room or in a location within the building. Where it is not
feasible to locate the water meter in a utility room or building, other means of
housing the water meter will be considered on a site specific basis. The location,
size and type of water meter to be installed shall be determined by the Region of
Durham and in accordance with the Water Supply System By-Law 89-2003.
All proposed commercial, industrial, institutional and multi residential

developments shall provide water flow demand rates.

Works Department
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
WORKS DEPARTMENT
April 2017
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. STORM SEWER CONNECTIONS ....................................................................................................... 1

General ................................................................................................................................................. 1
Foundation Drains ................................................................................................................................. 1
Location................................................................................................................................................. 1
Test Fitting ............................................................................................................................................ 1
Minimum Depth of Pipe ......................................................................................................................... 1
Storm Drainage and Storm Sewer Connections to Multiple Family, Commercial, Institutional and
Other Blocks.......................................................................................................................................... 2
Velocity.................................................................................................................................................. 2
Materials ................................................................................................................................................ 2
Construction .......................................................................................................................................... 2
2. SANITARY SEWER CONNECTIONS .................................................................................................. 2

General ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Foundation Drains ................................................................................................................................. 3
Cleanouts .............................................................................................................................................. 3
Pipe Size ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Location................................................................................................................................................. 3
Velocity and Grade ............................................................................................................................... 4
Residential Sanitary Service Connections into Maintenance Holes ..................................................... 4
Materials ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Construction .......................................................................................................................................... 5
3. WATER SERVICE CONNECTIONS ..................................................................................................... 5

General ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Location................................................................................................................................................. 6
Minimum Depth of Pipe ......................................................................................................................... 6
Mainstops .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Valves, Curb Stops & Boxes ................................................................................................................. 7
Materials ................................................................................................................................................ 7
Construction .......................................................................................................................................... 7
4. CROSS CONNECTION AND BACKFLOW PREVENTION ................................................................. 7

General ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Fire Protection Systems ........................................................................................................................ 8
Cross Connection Surveyors ................................................................................................................ 9
Installing and/or Repairing .................................................................................................................... 9
Testers ................................................................................................................................................ 10

Works Department
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
1. STORM SEWER CONNECTIONS
General
The storm sewer connections to the main storm sewer shall be made with an
approved manufactured tee for main sewer sizes up to and including 375 mm
diameter and according to Region of Durham requirements for larger sizes.
Foundation Drains
No foundation drains (foundation weepers) or roof leaders are permitted to

connect into the sanitary sewer system, as per the Regional Sewer Use By-law.
Service connections for single family and semi-detached units shall be a

minimum 150 mm diameter.
Service connections for multiple family and other blocks, commercial, industrial
and institutional areas shall be sized individually according to the intended use.
Location
Storm sewer service connections shall be installed according to Region of

Durham Standard Drawing S-230.010 unless otherwise noted on drawing.
Connections installed to the rear of building require a Region of Durham rear
yard storm sewer agreement and are not maintained on private property by the
Region of Durham.
The location of storm sewer service connections for semi-detached lots shall suit
the house style and shall be according to Region of Durham Standard Drawing
S-230.010.
Service connections shall not be connected into a catch basin.
Test Fitting
A 150 mm x 150 mm cast iron test fitting with test plate marked “Storm” shall be
installed 1.50 m beyond the property line on private property.
The depth of service connections at the street line in residential areas, measured
from the final center line road elevation shall be:
• Minimum shall be 1.80 m

Works Department
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
• Maximum shall be 2.50 m
Risers shall be used when the invert depth of the sewer main exceeds 4.60 m.
Risers shall not exceed 3.0 m in depth.
Storm Drainage and Storm Sewer Connections to Multiple Family, Commercial,

Institutional and Other Blocks
Parking lots, driveways and/or other hard surfaced areas servicing multiple
family, commercial and other blocks, shall be drained by a properly designed
internal drainage system (including catch basins, maintenance holes and pipe)
which shall connect to the storm sewer system or other approved outfall.
A maintenance hole shall be required located either on private property, 1.50 m

from property line to center of rim or on the sewer main.
Velocity
• Minimum velocity shall be 0.80 m/s

• Maximum velocity shall be 3.65 m/s
Materials
For storm sewer service connection materials refer to the Region of Durham
Approved Manufacturers’ Product List
PVC pipe shall be white in colour.
Construction
Construction of all connections shall be according to the current and appropriate

design specifications, Region of Durham Construction Specifications for Regional
Services and Region of Durham Standard Drawings.
2. SANITARY SEWER CONNECTIONS
General
Sanitary service connections are subject to the Region of Durham’s Sanitary

Sewer System By-Law 90-2003 or most recent amendment.
All sanitary sewer service connections for single family and semi-detached, link
dwellings and duplexes shall be individual service connections.

Works Department
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
The connection to the main sanitary sewer shall be made with an approved
manufactured tee or approved saddle. A “WYE” service connection shall be
installed on the services of the first upstream leg.
No service connection of a size greater than half the diameter of the main
sanitary sewer shall be cut into the main sanitary sewer. A maintenance hole
shall be installed on the main sanitary sewer at the intersection of a sanitary
service connection, which has a size greater than half the diameter of the main
sanitary sewer except as provided below:
A 150 mm sanitary service connection will be permitted to connect to a 200 mm

and 250 mm main sanitary sewer providing an approved manufactured tee is
installed and providing the invert of the sanitary service connection is above the
spring line of the main sanitary sewer.
Foundation Drains
No foundation drains (foundation weepers) or roof leaders are permitted to

connect into the sanitary sewer system, as per the Regional Sewer Use By-law.
Cleanouts
Where service connections are greater than 30 m in length, a 100 mm diameter

property line cleanout shall be installed according to Region of Durham Standard
Drawing S-100.030.
Pipe Size
Sanitary service connections for single family, semi-detached, links and duplexes
units shall be 100 mm diameter.
Sanitary service connections for multiple family and other blocks, commercial,
institutional and industrial areas shall be sized individually according to the
intended use.
Location
Sanitary sewer service connections shall be installed according to Region of

Durham Standard Drawing S-230.010 unless otherwise noted on drawing.
Connections installed to the rear of building require a Region of Durham rear
yard sanitary sewer agreement and are not maintained on private property by the
Region of Durham.
The location of sanitary sewer service connections for semi-detached lots shall
suit the house style.

Works Department
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
The depth of the sanitary service connections for single family units and
semi-detached units, at the property line, measured from the final center line
road elevation shall be:
• Minimum depth shall be 2.50 m

• Maximum depth shall be 3.00 m
Risers shall be used when the obvert depth of the sanitary sewer main exceeds
4.50 m. The riser connection shall not exceed 3.0 m in depth.
Velocity and Grade
• Minimum low flow velocity shall be 0.60 m/s

• Minimum grade shall be:
- 100 mm diameter connection 2%
- 150 mm diameter connection 1%
Maintenance Holes
Sanitary sewer connections to multiple family and other blocks shall require a
maintenance hole be installed and located either on private property (1.50 m
from property line to center of rim) or on the main sewer.
Sanitary sewer connections to commercial, industrial and institutional blocks shall

require a maintenance hole located on private property 1.50 m from the property
line to the center of rim.
Residential Sanitary Service Connections into Maintenance Holes
Sanitary service connections will only be permitted into the first upstream
maintenance hole of cul-de-sac’s and first upstream maintenance holes where
future upstream development is not anticipated. A maximum of three connections
per maintenance hole will be permitted. Lateral sanitary service connections shall
be benched according to OPSD 701.021. Lateral sanitary service connections
and downstream mainline sanitary sewer obverts shall be equal. The Region of
Durham will not accept drop structures for the sanitary service connections into
the maintenance holes.
Materials
For sanitary material refer to the Region of Durham Approved Manufacturers’

Product List.
For single family and semi-detached units, links, duplexes, multiple family, and
other blocks, the service connections shall be polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Works Department
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
For industrial areas the service connections shall be bell and spigot vitrified clay
(VC) pipe.
PVC pipe shall be green in colour.
Construction

3. WATER SERVICE CONNECTIONS
General
Water service connections are subject to the Region of Durham’s Water Supply
System By-Law 89-2003 or recent amendment.
All water service connections for single and semi-detached, link dwellings and
duplexes shall be individual service connections.
The Ontario Building Code requires, “where the static pressure exceeds 550
kPa, a pressure reducing valve shall be installed to limit the maximum static
pressure to not more than 550 kPa in areas that may be occupied”.
Connections to the watermain shall be by pressure tap connection using a

stainless steel service saddle. Piping shall be connected at 45° above horizontal
including a vertical gooseneck.
No service connection shall be made to watermains greater than 400 mm

diameter.
The minimum size for service connections shall be 19 mm diameter except when
the length of the connection from the main to the building setback exceeds 30 m
the minimum size shall then be 25 mm diameter.
Service connections for multiple family dwellings shall be sized to provide

capacity equivalent to a 19 mm diameter connection to each dwelling unit.
Water services are sized for domestic consumption only and not for private water
sprinkler systems and/or private lawn watering systems, as indicated in the
Water Supply System By-Law 89-2003.

Works Department
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
Service connections for blocks, commercial, industrial and institutional areas

shall be sized according to the intended use.
Fire lines for industrial, commercial and institutional properties shall be sized and
installed according to the guidelines recommended by the Fire Insurance
Advisory Organization.
Commercial, industrial, institutional and multi residential water service

connections (domestic and/or fireline) shall be installed according to Region of
Durham Standard Drawings and the Region of Durham’s Water Supply System
By-Law 89-2003.
Commercial, industrial, institutional and multi residential water service

connections (domestic and/or fireline) shall not become operational until
documentation, including acceptable laboratory test results from an accredited
laboratory is provided to the Region of Durham, verifying that all water system
pipe on private property has been chlorinated, flushed and pressure tested
according to Region of Durham, Ontario Building Code and Ministry of the
Environment requirements.
Location
Water service connections shall be installed at the mid-point of the frontage of a

single family lot, to the right of the sanitary connection and terminating a
minimum of 0.15 m inside the property line on private property. Water service
connections shall preferably be located outside of the driveway. The location of
water service connections for semi-detached lots shall suit the house style and
be according to Region of Durham Standard Drawings.
Roads with curb and gutter shall have water service connections installed 1.70 m
minimum below finished centerline road grade.
On open ditch roads and unimproved roads water service connections shall have
a minimum cover of 1.70 m.
Mainstops
All domestic water service connections shall have mainstops installed at the
watermain equal to the water service connection diameter.

Works Department
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
Valves, Curb Stops & Boxes
All service connections less than 100 mm diameter shall have curb stops and
boxes installed at property line.
Valves for service connections 100 mm diameter and greater shall be restrained
to the tee on the watermain and located according to Region of Durham
Standard Drawings.
Blow-off for water service connections 100 mm to 300 mm in size shall be a

50 mm copper pipe connection, complete with service box and rod, with copper
pipe blow-off into top section of valve box.
Materials
For watermain service connection materials refer to the Region of Durham

Approved Manufacturers’ Product List.
Water service connections 50 mm diameter or less shall be type "K" copper.
Water service connections larger than 50 mm diameter shall be an approved

pipe material according to the Approved Manufacturer’s Products List.
Construction

4. CROSS CONNECTION AND BACKFLOW PREVENTION
General
A backflow prevention device shall be installed on a service pipe, pipe, fixture,

appliance and / or fire line which may allow any source of pollution or
contamination entering the Region of Durham's potable water system.
A backflow prevention device shall be installed on a service pipe, piping, fixture,

appliance and / or a fire line by the Consumer where required by the Local
Municipalities and/or the Region of Durham.
Backflow prevention devices shall be selected, supplied, installed and tested at
the owner’s expense, and shall be according to Region of Durham, Ontario
Building Code, CSA B64 and NFPA 13/14 standards and specifications.

Works Department
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
Backflow prevention devices shall be installed in a location that is readily

accessible; capable of being reached for operation, renewal, servicing, or
inspection, without requiring the climbing over or removal of an obstacle or the
use of a portable ladder.
Backflow prevention devices shall be located in a building, unless, the Region of

Durham directs in writing that another location be used.
All facilities installed to house the backflow prevention device shall be

constructed and maintained by the owner to allow free access by the Region of
Durham and/or the Plumbing Inspector of the Local Municipalities.
All proposed commercial, industrial, institutional and multi-residential

developments shall provide to the Region of Durham for approval, a plan
showing the backflow preventer size, type and location. The Region of Durham
shall determine final means of fire line isolation.
A cross connection survey of an existing building shall be completed by approved

personnel at the owner’s expense if requested by the Region of Durham.
Fire Protection Systems
Where a Region of Durham water supply system services a fire protection

system, the fire protection system shall be isolated by means of:
• A double check valve assembly where no water treatment chemicals or anti-

freeze are added to the fire protection system.
• A reduced pressure principal backflow preventer where water treatment
chemicals or anti-freeze solutions are added to the fire protection system.
Existing fire protection systems that do contain chemicals or anti-freeze solutions

shall be protected with a reduced pressure principal backflow preventer.
Special note is to be given to the following requirements in NFPA 13/14:
• All valves shall be listed indicating type and be supervised in the open
position by the following methods:
- Valves on retrofitted existing fire lines shall be locked open.
- New construction, where a fire alarm system is required to have an

annunciator, each valve controlling water supplies shall be equipped with
an electrically supervised switch for transmitting a signal for individual
annunciation in the event of movement of the valve handle.

Works Department
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
- All proposed and existing fire line protection systems requiring the
installation of a backflow device shall be hydraulically calculated by a
qualified person to ensure that it will meet NFPA 13/14 requirements.
A professional engineer shall verify that all calculations are correct. A
letter verifying these calculations shall be sent to the Region of
Durham, Local Municipalities and fire service.
- The fire service and fire alarm companies shall be notified prior to a fire
protection system being shut down to facilitate testing. They shall also
be notified on the system being restored.
Cross Connection Surveyors
The Cross Connection Surveyor shall :
• have a good working knowledge of a potable water system and have

extensive experience (minimum 2 years) in cross connection surveys.
• have a trade or professional qualifications (e.g. plumbing certificate,
professional engineer, technologist or equivalent status) or working under the
authority of that person.
• have attended and passed an approved cross connection surveyors course.
• have met all requirements of the Local Municipalities, including licensing and
insurance requirements. That person or company shall show proof to the
Local Municipalities and/or Region of Durham that they have the appropriate
liability insurance.
A person may qualify as a cross connection surveyor prior to taking an approved

course, but must within 6 months show proof to the Region of Durham that
he/she has taken and passed an approved cross connection surveyors course.
That person must meet all other requirements prior to being placed on the
approved cross connection surveyors’ list. If proof is not shown within the 6
month period, that person will be removed from the approved list.
Installing and/or Repairing
The installing and/or repairing person shall:
• have a plumbing certificate or professional qualifications or be under the

authority of that person.
• meet all the requirements of the CSA B64 standard.
• meet all requirements of the Local Municipalities, including licensing and
insurance requirements.

Works Department
SERVICE CONNECTIONS
Testers
The Tester shall:
• have attended and passed a course of study in backflow prevention device

testing.
• meet all the requirements of the CSA B64 Standard.
• meet all the requirements of the Local Municipalities, including licensing and
insurance requirements.
Backflow prevention devices shall be tested upon installation and thereafter

annually, or more often if required by the Region of Durham or the Plumbing
Inspector of the Local Municipality.
The consumer shall submit a report on a form approved by the Region of

Durham on any or all tests performed on a backflow device within 14 days after
installation and within 30 days for annual tests on notification by the Region of
Durham. A record card approved by the Region of Durham shall be displayed on
or adjacent to the backflow preventer.
When results of a test show that a backflow device is not in good working
condition, the consumer shall make repairs or replace the device within 7 working
days of the test.
Backflow test gauges shall be calibrated annually. Test gauges shall only be
used for testing backflow devices if they have been calibrated when purchased or
on an annual basis. Calibrating results shall be sent to the Region of Durham
within 30 days from the date of calibration.

Works Department
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES, PAVEMENT MARKINGS,

SIGNAGE AND ROADSIDE PROTECTION
WORKS DEPARTMENT
April 2017
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES,
PAVEMENT MARKING, SIGNAGE AND ROADSIDE PROTECTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................... 1
2. SIGNAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................. 1
3. TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROLLER ASSEMBLY ............................................................................... 2
Traffic Signal Controller Assembly ................................................................................................... 2
4. TRAFFIC DRAWING REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................ 2
Legal Drawing Approval ................................................................................................................... 2
Legal Drawing Detail ........................................................................................................................ 2
Legal Drawing Scale ........................................................................................................................ 3
Construction Drawing Scale ............................................................................................................. 3
5. TRAFFIC SIGNAL LAYOUT............................................................................................................... 4
Application Heuristics ....................................................................................................................... 4
Temporary Signal Installation .......................................................................................................... 4
Signal Heads .................................................................................................................................... 4
Signal Head Spacing........................................................................................................................ 4
Signal Head Distance from Approach Stop Line ............................................................................. 5
Pedestrian Push Buttons.................................................................................................................. 5
Controller Cabinet Footing and Location ......................................................................................... 5
Power Supply Control Cabinet ......................................................................................................... 5
Power Supply Grounding Equipment ............................................................................................... 6
Signal Head Minimum Height .......................................................................................................... 6
Mast Arms ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Primary Mast Arm Minimum Length ................................................................................................. 6
Maximum Mast Arm Length for Wood Pole ..................................................................................... 7
Traffic Pole Spatial Separation ........................................................................................................ 7
Pole Footings ................................................................................................................................... 7
6. ELECTRICAL CONDUIT .................................................................................................................... 7
General............................................................................................................................................. 7
Intersection Conduit Location .......................................................................................................... 8
Conduit Material ............................................................................................................................... 8
Conduit Installation Method ............................................................................................................. 8
Conduit Sizing .................................................................................................................................. 8
Conduit to Controller Cabinet Footing.............................................................................................. 8
Inductive Loop Lead-in Conduit ....................................................................................................... 9
Conduit Cover .................................................................................................................................. 9
Interconnect Conduit Horizontal Location ........................................................................................ 9
7. ELECTRICAL HANDHOLES .............................................................................................................. 9
Handholes Locations........................................................................................................................ 9
Handhole Spacing .......................................................................................................................... 10
8. VEHICLE PRESENCE DETECTION ................................................................................................ 10
General........................................................................................................................................... 10
Loop Material and Sealants ........................................................................................................... 10
Left Turn Advance Loop Location .................................................................................................. 10
Inductive Loop Sizing ..................................................................................................................... 10
Central System/Permanent Count Station (PCS) .......................................................................... 11
Long Distance/Dilemma Detection (Extension Loops) .................................................................. 11
Vehicle Signal Pre-Emption ........................................................................................................... 11
9. SIGNAL TIMING, OPERATION AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS ........................................................ 11
General........................................................................................................................................... 11
Traffic Analysis - General ............................................................................................................... 12
Signal Timing Practices and Methodologies .................................................................................. 12

Works Department
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES,
Intersection Capacity Analysis ....................................................................................................... 13

Bay Storage Lengths...................................................................................................................... 13
Minimum Timing Intervals .............................................................................................................. 13
Amber Clearance ........................................................................................................................... 14
All-Red Clearance .......................................................................................................................... 15
Pedestrian Walking Speed ............................................................................................................. 15
Pedestrian Crossing Walking Distance .......................................................................................... 16
Pedestrian Walk Interval ................................................................................................................ 16
Pedestrian Walk Clearance Interval ............................................................................................... 17
Countdown Pedestrian Signals (CPS) ........................................................................................... 17
Cycle Length Determination ........................................................................................................... 18
Signal Spacing and Access Management ..................................................................................... 18
Ideal Saturation Flow Rate in Synchro........................................................................................... 18
Lane Widths in Synchro ................................................................................................................. 19
Approach Road Grade ................................................................................................................... 19
Area Type ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Total Lost Time in Synchro ............................................................................................................ 19
Right Turn on Red in Synchro ........................................................................................................ 20
Lane Utilization Factor in Synchro ................................................................................................. 20
Vehicle Turning Movement Count (TMC) Volume ......................................................................... 21
“Demand” Volumes ........................................................................................................................ 21
Conflicting Pedestrians .................................................................................................................. 21
Peak Hour Factor (PHF) ................................................................................................................ 22
Growth Factor (GF) ........................................................................................................................ 22
Heavy Vehicles .............................................................................................................................. 23
Existing Signal Timings .................................................................................................................. 23
Controller Type ............................................................................................................................... 23
Synchro Sim Traffic ........................................................................................................................ 23
Analysis Reports ............................................................................................................................ 24
Vehicle Arrival Rates and Green plus Amber Times for Rural Intersection ................................... 25
Vehicle Arrival Rates and Green plus Amber Times for Urban/Commuter Intersections .............. 26
10. PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND SIGNAGE ....................................................................................... 27
General........................................................................................................................................... 27
Stop Bar ......................................................................................................................................... 27
Pedestrian Crosswalk .................................................................................................................... 27
Lane Widths ................................................................................................................................... 28
Vehicle Turning Radius Template .................................................................................................. 28
Mast Arm Signs .............................................................................................................................. 28
Tourism and Private Establishment Signing .................................................................................. 28
11. INTERSECTION LIGHTING ............................................................................................................. 28
12. ROADSIDE PROTECTION ............................................................................................................... 28
Treatment of Existing Hazards ....................................................................................................... 29
Channel Utilization Within Guide Rail Systems ............................................................................. 29
Approach and Departure End Treatments ..................................................................................... 29
Hazard / Plow Markers and Reflectors .......................................................................................... 30
13. COMMISSIONING OF SIGNALS ..................................................................................................... 30

Works Department
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES, Page 1
1. GENERAL
It is the Region of Durham’s intention that the following design requirements shall
be used as a supplement to the Ontario Traffic Manual (OTM), Institute of
Transportation Engineers (ITE) and Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO)
standards and specifications to meet the needs of the Region of Durham. All
information is based on, but not necessarily limited to, the aforementioned
manuals. As a general guide, all signal devices, pavement markings and signage
installations shall be designed in accordance with the latest books of the OTM.
As a general guide, all roadside protection shall be designed in accordance with
the latest MTO Roadside Safety Manual (RSM).
The following design guidelines and specifications shall be used for the
preparation of all traffic control device engineering and legal drawings for Region
of Durham approval. It is difficult to completely standardize the design of traffic
control devices, however, it is intended that uniformity be ensured wherever
possible. Refer to the Engineering Submission section for additional required
drawing information.
2. SIGNAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY
The design of new traffic control devices or modifications to existing traffic control
devices may be influenced considerably by various factors. This may include
property restrictions, location of services, cost of service relocation, inherent
restrictions of existing/future road geometry and existing/conceptual traffic
conditions.
Data collection is an essential element of the design process that may establish
the type or character of an intersection treatment and traffic control device
design. The following data information shall be considered, if applicable, in the
design stage for traffic signal devices, associated pavement markings and
signage:
• Speed studies;
• Vehicle turning movement count data including pedestrian activity;
• Historical collision statistics, of the past 3 consecutive years; segregated into
annual collisions and frequency of collisions by type and pattern;
• Durham Safety Improvement Program (DSIP) Information;
• Available studies (safety audits, intersection reviews, traffic impact studies);
• Review of existing signal timing plans;
• Existing/future amenities that will impact subject intersection(s);
• Aerial photographs;
• Scope of future road works.

Works Department
3. TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROLLER ASSEMBLY
Traffic Signal Controller Assembly
The Region of Durham shall supply and install all traffic signal controller
assemblies. Controller assemblies may include, but not necessarily limited to, the
following:
• Controller Cabinet;
• Controller Unit (timer) with National Electrical Manufacturers Association
(NEMA) phase designations;
• Malfunction Management Unit (MMU);
• Remote communication equipment;
• Bus Interface Units (BIU);
• Signal Pre-emption Equipment (fire, rail, transit signal priority);
• Vehicle detection equipment, video monitoring equipment;
• Pedestrian Button Central Control Unit
• Power supply.
4. TRAFFIC DRAWING REQUIREMENTS
Legal Drawing Approval
In accordance with the Highway Traffic Act, section 144 (31), revised 1997, the
final legal drawing (also known as PHM-125) shall be approved by the Regional
Municipality of Durham Approval Designee (Manager of Traffic Engineering and
Operations).
Where a traffic control signal is located on a road or intersection that falls under
the jurisdiction of the Local Municipalities, a municipal official may endorse the
legal drawing in addition to the aforementioned approval.
Where a traffic signal is located on a road or intersection that falls under the
jurisdiction of the MTO, a MTO approval designee shall solely approve the legal
drawing. The legal drawing shall be generated using the Ministry’s latest PHM
format.
Legal Drawing Detail
Traffic legal drawings shall be generated using the latest Traffic Engineering and
Operations drawing format. Refer to Engineering Submissions section for general
drawing requirements.

Works Department
The legal drawings shall show the intersection details on all approaches for a
distance from the intersection that directly affects the traffic control device
operation. Legal drawing detail should be identified to scale to include, but not
necessarily limited to, the following items:
• Intersection geometry;
• Edge of roadway, pavement, shoulders, curb and gutter, sidewalks and raised
islands;
• Regulatory signs that directly affect the traffic control device operation;
• Pavement markings including lane width, storage and parallel lane length and
taper length dimensions;
• Location, orientation and type of traffic signal head including mounting
heights;
• Location of pedestrian signal heads and pushbuttons if any;
• Emergency optical pre-emption equipment;
• Roadway lighting;
• Communication (Bell) equipment used for traffic equipment (pedestals and
termination points);
• Vehicle detection equipment and detection areas, if applicable;
• Blank-out signs and active or continuous flashing advance warning signs and
other types of equipment operated by the signal controller;
• Location and orientation of the controller cabinet;
• Pole footings, electrical conduit and appurtenances, chambers, maintenance
holes, hand holes, junction boxes, traffic signal power supply location and
grounding rods;
• Utility poles;
• Property access/egress locations (i.e. driveways, curb depressions, ramps);
• Property lines (Right-of-way and easements);
• Parking meters and parking control;
• Bus bays, bus stop locations;
Legal Drawing Scale
Traffic Signal Layout view; metric scale shall be 1:250.

Roadway Geometric Layout view; metric scale shall be 1:500.
Construction Drawing Scale
Metric scale shall be 1:250 or 1:500, whichever is appropriate.

Works Department
5. TRAFFIC SIGNAL LAYOUT
Application Heuristics
• Signal design to include a minimal amount of poles.

• Single member mast arm lengths shall be kept to a minimum.
• Existing utilities poles shall be utilized for traffic signal equipment and
required signage installation, wherever feasible.
• Design of permanent traffic control signals shall include underground
electrical conduit unless otherwise advised by the Region of Durham.
• Pedestrian crossing distances shall be minimal and incorporated into the
signal design. Accessibility to pedestrian equipment for mobility impaired shall
be addressed, if applicable.
• Intersection illumination shall be considered in the signal design.
Temporary Signal Installation
A temporary signal legal drawing is required for all temporary signal applications.
Refer to Section 4 for required drawing detail and approvals.
A minimum of 2 signal heads shall be installed per approach and shall be

appropriately positioned. Provide a sufficient length of coiled traffic cable to allow
signal head movement to accommodate road reconstruction widening and/or
traffic-staging scenarios.
Signal head height, measured from the bottom of backboard, over traveled
portion of roadway shall be 5.8 m.
Temporary signal poles shall be located so as to cause minimal construction

interference.
Signal Heads
For traffic control signals under the jurisdiction of the Region of Durham or Local
Municipalities, the following shall apply.
Traffic signal heads for new and reconstructed signals shall be Region of
Durham approved, 3-section or 4-section, 300 mm diameter L.E.D. lenses with
backboard.
Pedestrian signal heads for new and reconstructed signals shall be L.E.D.
Signal Head Spacing
Maximum horizontal signal head spacing between primary and secondary signal
heads per approach shall be 15.0 m.

Works Department
Minimum horizontal signal head spacing between primary and secondary signal
heads per approach shall be 6.0 m.
Maximum longitudinal signal head spacing between primary and secondary

signal heads per approach shall be 5.0 m.
Signal Head Distance from Approach Stop Line
Maximum longitudinal distance from the primary signal head to the approach
stop line shall be 50.0 m.
Minimum longitudinal distance from the primary signal head to the approach stop
line shall be 20.0 m.
Pedestrian Push Buttons
Pedestrian push buttons for new and reconstructed signals shall be accessible
buttons as per the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA).
Controller Cabinet Footing and Location
New traffic controller cabinet footing shall be:
• Installed as per Region Standards unless otherwise advised by the Region;

• Installed adjacent to existing/proposed sidewalk where applicable or on
reasonably level ground and is accessible to maintenance personnel/vehicles;
• Located on the approach side of the roadway nearest to power supply source;
• Located a minimum distance of 11.0 m from the power supply source and a
minimum distance of 5.5 m from the nearest grounding plate/rod;
• Located outside existing or proposed visibility triangle;
• Orientated with the back of the controller facing the intersection in such a
manner where at least 50% of the traffic signal displays are visible.
Power Supply Control Cabinet
Power supply shall be obtained from existing overhead power sources, nearest
to proposed/existing traffic controller footing. Should an overhead power supply
feed not be feasible, a concrete footing for an underground power supply
assembly shall be installed. Hydro meters to be installed where required by hydro
authority. Liaison with hydro authority will be required for approval to connection
to existing hydro plant.

Works Department
Power Supply Grounding Equipment
Service grounding shall be a minimum distance of 5.5 metres from hydro service
pole used. A minimum of 2 ground plates or 4 ground rods, spaced at 3.0 metres
in any pattern, shall be installed at the power supply control cabinet location as
per Region Standards.
Signal Head Minimum Height
Signal head height, measured from the bottom of backboard, over traveled
portion of roadway shall be 5.0 m. Top elevation of secondary signal head, in
centre median island, shall match top elevation of primary signal head.
Mast Arms
Proposed single member mast arm lengths shall be kept to a minimum. Mast
arms shall be single member spun aluminum. The following arm lengths shall be
used:
Single Member Mast Arm

Nominal Lengths
Metres Feet
1.8 6
2.4 8
3.0 10
3.7 12
4.6 15
5.5 18
6.1 20
6.7 22
7.6* 25*
* Not recommended for use unless absolutely necessary.
Primary Mast Arm Minimum Length
Minimum length of signal member mast arm used for a primary signal head shall
be 3.0 m.

Works Department
Maximum Mast Arm Length for Wood Pole
Maximum length of single member mast arm mounted to a wood utility pole shall
be 4.6 m.
The structural integrity of a proposed joint use utility pole shall be evaluated for
joint usage feasibility and approval shall be provided in writing from respective
utility owner and/or operator.
Traffic Pole Spatial Separation
All new traffic poles shall have a minimum spatial separation of 7.0 m.
All new traffic poles shall be installed with a minimum spatial distance of 2.0 m
measured from the back edge of curb or edge of traveled pavement to the edge
of traffic pole footing, except when pole is being used to mount accessible
pedestrian buttons .
Pole Footings
Pole footings shall be installed as per Region Standards.

Refer to the following chart for concrete pole footing applications:
Specification
Concrete Footing Base Type
Drawing
Signal pole with mast arm and signal head S-400.010 Type III
Signal Pole in centre median island * S-400.010 Type III /Type II*
Pedestrian Pole (no mast arm) S-400.010 Type I
Pedestrian Push Button Pole OPSD 2200.041
Lighting Pole S-400.010 Type III
*Note: Type II concrete footing should not be used unless absolutely necessary and shall be used
in retrofit applications where space constraints exist.
6. ELECTRICAL CONDUIT
General
Electrical conduit installation will be necessary where no conduit exists or where

existing conduits are deemed by the Region of Durham to be substandard or
deficient. Minimum required utility clearances must be satisfied in the proposed
conduit layout design.

Works Department
Installation of electrical conduit will be required for future signalized intersections

necessitated by land development, unless otherwise advised by the Region, and
shall be laid in a ring around the intersection, if required. All necessary Electrical
Safety Authority (ESA) inspections shall be conducted and approval certificates
shall be forwarded to the Region of Durham’s Traffic Engineering and Operations
Division.
Intersection Conduit Location
Conduit shall generally run parallel or perpendicular to the roadway, and routed
to run in a direct line between poles and handholes. A maximum of 2 - 90-degree
sweep bends shall be allowed in a single conduit run where absolutely required.
Conduit run redirection angle shall not exceed 90 degrees.
Proposed horizontal location of conduit shall accommodate future road works, if

applicable.
Conduit Material
Conduit material shall be polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for open cut trench or high
density polyethylene (HDPE) for trenchless installation or approved equivalent
(refer to Approved Manufactures’ Product List).
Conduit Installation Method
All new conduits shall be installed using the open cut method. Where conduit is
proposed to cross an undisturbed paved road or surface (i.e. without proposed
road works), it shall be installed using the directional bore method.
Conduit Sizing
Traffic signal electrical conduit shall be minimum 75 mm in diameter for the

following applications:
• Crossing all signalized intersection legs, and;

• From pole footing to handhole.
Interconnect shall be a minimum of 2 - 75 mm diameter conduit.
Conduit to Controller Cabinet Footing
2 - 75 mm and 1- 50 mm conduit shall be placed from the surface mount

controller footing or pole mount controller footing to nearest handhole where
conduit branches outward to cross road legs.

Works Department
Inductive Loop Lead-in Conduit
Conduit shall be 25 mm in diameter where 2 or less inductive loop lead cables

are proposed for same lead in conduit.
Conduit shall be 32 mm or two 25mm in diameter where 3 or more inductive loop

lead-in cables are proposed for the same lead in conduit.
Conduit Cover
Conduit cover crossing a roadway shall be minimum 1200 mm and minimum

760 mm in all other areas.
Interconnect Conduit Horizontal Location
Urban Installation
• Under normal urban conditions (urban cross section), interconnect conduit
shall be located as per Region Standards..
Rural Installation
• Under normal rural conditions (rural cross section), the interconnect conduit
shall be located 2.0 m from the edge of pavement. Final handhole rim
elevation shall be installed 50 mm below final gravel shoulder grade. For
future locating an equipment marker shall be placed at the property line
perpendicular to the handhole.
Proposed location of conduit shall accommodate future road works, if applicable.
7. ELECTRICAL HANDHOLES
Handholes Locations
Electrical handhole assemblies shall be installed as per specification.

A minimum of 1 handhole shall be installed at:
• All intersection quadrants; and,

• Within raised median islands as per Region Standards
New handholes shall not be installed within paved boulevard areas including
sidewalks, unless absolutely necessary.
One handhole on each intersection quadrant shall be grounded as per

specification.

Works Department
Proposed location of handholes shall accommodate future road works, if

required.
Handhole Spacing
Proposed handholes shall be located a minimum distance of 2.0 m from proposed or

existing pole footings, measured from the center of the handholes and/or pole footings.
Handhole spacing for interconnect conduit shall not exceed 150 m between 450 mm dia.
handholes and shall not exceed 400 m between rectangular handholes.
8. VEHICLE PRESENCE DETECTION
General
Vehicle presence detection shall be in the form of inductive loops unless

otherwise advised by the Region of Durham. All loops shall be a simple loop
configuration and installed in base asphalt prior to top or final lift installation, if
attainable, and shall be installed by the Region of Durham. Under normal
applications all loops shall be centered within the traveled lane. Loop locations
shall be as per OTM, Book 12.
Pre-formed loops, microwave and video detection may be used, with prior
Region of Durham approval, where site conditions justify use.
Loop Material and Sealants
Inductive loop cable shall meet International Municipal Signal Association (IMSA)
specifications.
Left Turn Advance Loop Location
Left turn advance loop shall be setback 15.0 m from nearest edge of stop bar
and centered within the lane. Left turn advance setback loops shall be installed,
regardless of warrant values or justification, in new signal installations or
reconstructions.
Inductive Loop Sizing
Left turn lane stop bar - 1.8 m x 15.0 m

Left turn lane setback (advance) - 1.8 m x 9.0 m
Shared through & right turn lane stop bar - 1.8 m x 15.0 m
Right turn lane setback - 1.8 m x 9.0 m

Works Department
Through lane stop bar - 1.8 m x 15.0 m

Long distance (extension) - 1.8 m x 1.8 m (diamond configuration)
Central System/PCS - 1.8 m x 1.8 m (diamond configuration)
Central System/Permanent Count Station (PCS)
Permanent vehicle count station installation and location shall be confirmed by

the Region of Durham. Loops shall be located where there is minimal or no
potential of queuing of vehicles.
Long Distance/Dilemma Detection (Extension Loops)
Long distance detection operating parameters shall be as per OTM Book 12.
Vehicle Signal Pre-Emption
Vehicle signal pre-emption in the Region of Durham shall be achieved using

stroboscopic light emitting device technology for emergency fire vehicles.
The Region of Durham shall supply all necessary pre-emption equipment and
determine installation requirements including detection ranges and sequencing.
9. SIGNAL TIMING, OPERATION AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS
General
The Region of Durham’s traffic control signal timing and operation guidelines
shall be used as a supplement to the standards and specifications provided in
the following manuals to meet the needs of the Region of Durham.
• Highway Capacity Manual (HCM),

• Ontario Traffic Manual (OTM) - Ministry of Transportation Ontario (MTO),
• Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE),
• Canadian Capacity Guide (CCG),
• Traffic Control Signal Timing and Capacity Analysis at Signalized
Intersections (TCSTCA)
All information contained herein is based on, but not necessarily limited to, the
aforementioned manuals. Timing and operational methodologies/principles shall
be in accordance with the latest revisions of these manuals. The guidelines shall
be used to ensure uniformity wherever possible.

Works Department
The Works Department will review and approve all signal timing, operational and
capacity reviews for existing and new/proposed traffic control devices within the
Region of Durham.
Existing and proposed traffic control devices shall use National Electrical
Manufactures Association (NEMA) phasing configuration as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 – NEMA Phase Configuration
Traffic Analysis - General
All traffic analysis performed shall use the latest version of Synchro software and
shall conform to the parameter standards outlined in this document.
The modeling of existing conditions may require variances of some of the

following guidelines to provide an actual representation of existing conditions.
Any proposed parameter variances must be by the Region of Durham’s Traffic

Engineering and Operations Division.
Traffic signal analysis not conforming to these guidelines will be disregarded

unless the Region grants prior approval.
Signal Timing Practices and Methodologies
Current signal timing operations and strategies are derived from sound
engineering practices and extensive traffic operation experience.

Works Department
A traffic subsystem consists of a minimum of 2 traffic control signals, strategically

coordinated by time of day to achieve efficient network progression and minimize
delay. The intention is to provide main street traffic with optimized green bands to
suit the desired coordination pattern or progression flow.
A review or analysis of an existing signal network including the addition of a new

traffic signal within the network shall adhere to established rationale and follow
pattern philosophy approved by the Region. Any recommended cycle lengths
must be conducive to the Region’s established sub-system progression, level of
service and delay optimization, where applicable.
It is required that prior to any traffic signal optimization, there be initial

consultation with traffic regional staff.
Intersection Capacity Analysis
Intersection capacity and signal analysis shall be generated using the latest
version of Synchro modeling and optimization software which utilizes the
Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2010; Chapter 17 methodology. Analysis shall
include modeling of signal coordination and progression where applicable. Refer
to Section 2 for Synchro Guidelines.
Bay Storage Lengths
New signals shall be installed either in conjunction with road reconstruction or

where existing road geometry permits, shall have sufficient storage lengths to
accommodate for a 10-15-year projected vehicle growth volume unless otherwise
advised by the Region of Durham. An ultimate level of service ‘D’ (60%) should
be achieved unless otherwise advised by the Region.
Average and maximum arrival rates shall be based on the Poisson distribution
methodology.
Minimum Timing Intervals
The following minimum timing intervals shall be used for the timing of new traffic
control signals.

Works Department
Interval Minimum (sec.)

20.0 (Main Road)
Circular green for roads posted at less than 70 km/h (urban)
8.0 (Minor Road)
20.0 (Main Road)
Circular green for roads posted 70 km/h or more (rural)
12.0 (Minor Road)
Circular green extension unit (at stop bar) 3.0
Advanced green (arrow) 5.0
Advanced green extension unit (arrow) 3.0
Flashing advanced green clearance 3.0
Circular amber 3.0
All red 1.0
Pedestrian walk 5.0
Pedestrian clearance 5.0
Figure 2 – Minimum Timing Intervals
Amber Clearance
Amber clearance interval is based on TCSTA and ITE Canada’s Canadian

Capacity Guide for Signalized Intersections. It shall be a function of approach
speed and grade, variable perception-reaction time, deceleration/acceleration
rate constant primarily due to gravity.
The formula shall be expressed as follows:
A = t+v/(2a+70.6g)
Where:
A = amber interval clearance time represented in seconds;
t = variable perception and reaction time represented in seconds
• 1.8 seconds for operating speeds of 70 km/h or greater

(Rural areas only)
• 1.0 second for operating speeds of less than 70 km/h;
v = operating speed (85th percentile or 10 km/h above posted) of

vehicle represented in kilometers per hour, through the intersection;
a = average deceleration rate (11 km/h/s)
70.6 = factor of 2 times the acceleration of gravity represented in km/h/s

Works Department
g = average approach road grade (% grade divided by 100). Measured

within 50 m of the stop line. Downhill grade is negative.
All-Red Clearance
All-red clearance interval shall be a function of the width of the intersection with
or without crosswalks, length of vehicle and approach speed.
The formula shall be expressed as follows for intersections without crosswalks:
r = 3.6(w+L)/vveh
The formula shall be expressed as follows for intersections with crosswalks:
r = 3.6(P+L)/vveh
Where:
R = length of the all-red clearance interval to the nearest 0.1 second;
3.6 = factor to convert hours to seconds;
W = width of the intersection represented in metres, measured from the

near side stop line to the farthest edge of conflicting traffic lane;
P = width of the intersection represented in metres, measured from the

near side stop line to the farthest edge of conflicting pedestrian
crosswalk line;
L = length of vehicle, generally accepted as 6.0 metres;
vveh = operating speed (85th percentile) of sampled vehicles represented

in kilometers per hour, through the intersection. For signals
installed at a tee intersection, the left turn operating speed shall be
80% of approach posted speed.
Pedestrian Walking Speed
Figure 3 shows appropriate pedestrian walking speeds represented in metres per

second (m/s) as approved by Regional Council. These walk speeds shall be
incorporated into the minimum walk interval timing formula on a site specific
basis.

Works Department
Pedestrian Walking Speeds (metres/second)
Elderly, disabled, predominance of school children 1.07
School crossings 1.14
Average pedestrian 1.25
Figure 3 – Pedestrian Walking Speeds
Pedestrian Crossing Walking Distance
Pedestrian walking distance is measured from the point where a pedestrian steps
into a crossing to the farthest conflicting edge of the traveled roadway through
lane. Distance is measured in both walk directions at the centre of the crosswalk
lines on all sides of the intersections (greater distance shall be used in
calculations).
Pedestrian Walk Interval
Pedestrian walk interval shall be determined using the method outlined in Traffic
Control Signal Timing and Capacity Analysis at Signalized Intersections
(TCSTCA) manual.
Pedestrian walk interval shall be a function of the length of the crossing,

appropriate walking speed and pedestrian start-up time. Where applicable, an
absolute minimum time of 5 seconds shall be used.
The formula shall be expressed as follows:
twalk= 5+0.5Dw/Vped
Where:
twalk = total pedestrian walk time represented in seconds;
5 = pedestrian start up time represented in seconds;
Dw = distance of crossing measured along the center of crosswalk

represented in metres;
Vped = pedestrian walking speed in metres per second.

Works Department
Pedestrian Walk Clearance Interval
Pedestrian clearance interval shall be determined using the method outlined in

Traffic Control Signal Timing and Capacity Analysis at Signalized Intersections
(TCSTCA) manual.
Pedestrian clearance interval shall be a function of the half the length of the
crossing, appropriate walking speed, vehicle amber clearance and all-red
clearance time.
An absolute minimum time of 5 seconds shall be used. The formula shall be

expressed as follows:
tfdw = 0.5Dw/Vped-y-r
Where:
tfdw = total pedestrian clearance interval time represented in seconds;
Dw = distance of crossing measured along the center of crosswalk in

metres;
Vped = pedestrian walking speed in metres per second;
y = length of vehicle amber interval clearance time represented in

seconds;
r = length of vehicle all-red clearance interval to the nearest 0.1

second.
Countdown Pedestrian Signals (CPS)
CPS’s are used to improve the positive guidance of pedestrians and to better
convey the international crossing symbols of the walk person and flashing upright
hand. CPS shall countdown in descending fashion for the total duration of these
intervals. Proposed locations shall meet the criteria outlined in the Region’s
policy for CPS installation.
As a general guide, CPS may be installed at intersections:
• with long pedestrian crossings

• that are adjacent or in close proximity to schools
• that are adjacent or in close proximity to senior centres
• that experience a high number of pedestrians with disabilities
• that experience a high number of pedestrians

Works Department
Cycle Length Determination
In most cases, the cycle time for a signal is pre-determined by the requirements
of the signals within a network sub-system. The most critical intersection(s) in the
sub-system usually govern and its cycle time is applied to all other intersections
within the sub-system.
In all cases, the Region of Durham will review and approve all signal timing,
operational and capacity reviews for existing and new/proposed traffic control
devices.
As a guide, cycle lengths within Central Business District’s shall not exceed 70
seconds. Cycle length shall not exceed 90 seconds in all other areas unless
otherwise approved by the Region of Durham.
Signal Spacing and Access Management
Access Management of private driveways and the spacing of signalized

intersections depend greatly upon the cycle length and projected speed and flow
of traffic for a particular corridor. An emphasis should be made at the planning
stages in determining the proper spacing of signals.
Reference should be made to the approved Arterial Corridor Guidelines

(February 2007), section 3.2 Frequency of Intersections for signal spacing and
the Official Plan Amendment 114 (adopted by Regional Council on September
13, 2006).
Ideal Saturation Flow Rate in Synchro
Use the default ideal saturation flow of 1900 passenger car per hour of green per
lane (pcphgpl) for HCM related analysis. This saturation flow should also be used
for Synchro analysis.
In the absence of field measured saturation flows, a number of adjustment

factors must be considered and, if applicable, used to adjust the Ideal Saturated
Flow values on each approach lane of the intersection. These adjustment factors
are shown in the “Lane” and “Volume” Windows in Synchro.

Works Department
Lane Widths in Synchro
Actual lane width should always be noted however in the absence of actual
measurements use standard lane widths of:
• 3.5 m for through lanes

• 3.25 m for exclusive left and right turn lanes
• lane width greater than 4.8m should be entered as two lanes
Approach Road Grade
Approach grades between –15% and +15% should be used in analysis. Use a
negative grade for downhill conditions.
Area Type
Central Business District (CBD) characteristics are:
• Narrow rights-of-way
• Frequent parking maneuvers
• Vehicle blockages
• Abundant taxi or bus activity or both
• Small curb radii
• Limited use of exclusive turn lanes;
• High pedestrian activity;
• Dense population (high rise apartments, condominiums or offices);
• Mid block curb cuts;
• Closely spaced intersections (<215 m.); and
• One way streets.
The above are general characteristics of a CBD environment. All these

characteristics may not necessarily be present for an intersection to be deemed
as a CBD. It is expected that the Traffic Engineering an Operations Division will
be consulted in uncertain situations.
Total Lost Time in Synchro
Use Amber plus all-red times per phase for all peaks.
The calculation of lost time associated with a fully protected left turn movement
(such as double left turns) is the same as for through movements.

Works Department
Right Turn on Red in Synchro
Right turns on red (RTOR) are added to the capacity of the lane as determined
using the saturation flow rate and the effective green time. The number of right
turns (in pcus) is a function of the conflicting vehicular and/or pedestrian flows
and the presence of a right-turn lane. Field observations have shown that RTOR
tends to be zero or near zero where there are heavy conflicting pedestrian
movements.
• For operational analysis, the default value should indicate the use of RTOR
unless otherwise substantiated by field studies
• For planning analysis, include RTOR volume by especially if a separate right-

turn lane (not a bus bay) is provided since future pedestrian volumes cannot
be accurately predicted.
Right turns on red in exclusive right turn lanes should not be included if:
• The queue of through traffic normally extends beyond the start of the
exclusive right turn lane effectively hindering vehicles from turning right.
• The right turn lane is less than 15.0 m long (exclusive of taper), is being used
as a loading bay by buses and the total expected dwell time is more than 5%
of the total green time in an hour.
Lane Utilization Factor in Synchro
Field studies should be conducted, if applicable. Traffic lanes are not equally
utilized because of vehicles stopping in the curb lane, the absence of right turn
and/or left-turn lanes, vehicles wishing to turn right or left, road condition and
proximity of highway on-ramps.
The following conditions are applicable for field measured saturation flows:
• A saturation flow (SF) based on a one day SF flow study would not be
accepted unless it is factored down by 5%;
• The “factoring down” would be waived if the consultant undertook at least

three studies for the same movement on different days of the same week or
over three consecutive weekends for weekend studies; and
• In case of doubt, the Region could request details of the saturation flow study
from the consultant.

Works Department
The above values are not recommended for use in planning or operational
design. Traffic patterns and characteristics may change over time so typical or
conservative values should be used to account for this possible variability.
Regardless of any field studies, the Region will not accept values in excess of the
following:
• Through movement: 2000 pcphgpl;
• Left Turn Green Arrow: 2050 pcphgpl;
• Double Left Turn Green Arrow: 2000 pcphgpl; and
• HOV lane: 1680 pcphgpl.
Vehicle Turning Movement Count (TMC) Volume
Existing traffic volumes must be current volumes (not more than two years old)
obtained from the Region. Unless otherwise specified, the volumes supplied by
the Region are intersection volumes that have been counted at the stop lines.
These “supply” volumes cannot exceed the capacity “supplied’ by geometric and
signal timing considerations. Therefore, the volume/capacity (v/c) ratio of
movements, based on “supply” volumes, cannot be greater than 1.0.
Counts should be done under the same conditions under which the proposed
signal is to operate. Turning movement counts should not be undertaken during
summer vacations for a proposed signal at the entrance to a college or university
campus.
“Demand” Volumes
In the event of over saturation, the number of vehicles arriving at an approach

can be substantially greater than the number of vehicles that can be discharged.
Similarly, projected traffic volumes can exceed approach capacity. The capability
of the intersection to discharge such traffic demand can be evaluated only if
approaching volumes are used. In such situations the v/c ratio may exceed 1.0.
Therefore, the volumes supplied by the Region should be supplemented by

monitoring residual queues. Data on residual queues should be counted on a
cycle by cycle basis and then averaged over the analysis period. Data collection
should be treated similarly to a left-turn study, where the number of vehicles
waiting at the start of a phase, but unable to clear during each cycle is counted.
The number of cycles taken for back of queue vehicles to clear the intersection
should also be recorded. Alternatively, additional traffic counts should be
conducted at upstream locations away from any queuing.
Conflicting Pedestrians
Pedestrian volumes are shown on the counts provided by the Region.

Works Department
Peak Hour Factor (PHF)
Consideration for peak flow rates is important in capacity analysis.
• If 15 minute peak flow rates are available, use the highest count and a
PHF of 1.0.
• AM, PM and Weekend peak periods, use PHF = 0.92
• Noon/Weekend off peak periods for through movements, use PHF = 0.90
• If a large factory or sports arena releases all of its vehicles at once, the
traffic may have a large spike and a lower PHF should be used.
Within the Poisson distribution methodology, probability suggests using the

values in the following table for the PHF. This assumes the highest 15 minute
period is the 87.5 percentile based on average 15 minute periods of the hour.
Suggested Peak Hour Values
Total Approach Volume PHF
2000 vph 0.95

1000 0.93
500 0.92
200 0.87
100 0.83
50 0.78
Growth Factor (GF)
For operational analysis of current conditions a GF of 1.00 shall be used.
For planning analysis, current volumes can be adjusted to show future volumes
by applying an appropriate Growth Factor.
To calculate a growth factor based on a growth rate over several years, use the
following formula:
Growth Factor (GF) = (1+r)^Y

Works Department
Where:
r = growth Rate (% converted to decimal);
Y = number of years (typically 10 and not exceeding 15 years)
For example the growth factor for 3% growth over 10 years is:
GF = (1 + 0.03) ^ 10 = 1.34
Heavy Vehicles
Heavy vehicles are defined as those with more than four tires touching the
pavement. The number of heavy vehicles for each movement is shown on the
turning movement counts provided by the Region.
Existing Signal Timings
Existing signal timings and mode of control must be current data and obtained
from the Region. The information used in capacity analysis should not be more
than 6 months old.
Controller Type
The mode of control, which is included with the signals timings information
provided by the Region, should be used in selecting the appropriate controller
type. The mode of control for existing signals in the Region of Durham must
remain the same during intersection analysis. The controller type should be
identified as follows:
• “Pre-timed” for fixed timed intersections.

• “Actuated-Coordinated” for fully or semi-actuated intersections.
• “Actuated-Coordinated” for fixed timed intersections with callable left turn
phases.
• “Actuated-Uncoordinated” for free flow intersections.
Synchro Sim Traffic
Sim Traffic is the animation portion of Synchro that simulates the data inputted
into Synchro. Generally, the simulations provide a good representation of existing
and future impacts but could yield results that are contradictory to reports created
in Synchro.

Works Department
Network animation attempts to provide realistic macroscopic scenarios for the

entire network. Individual intersection simulation results may be different from
that shown in Synchro due to network constraints.
The Region recommends setting the following parameters under “Options”,

“Intervals and Volumes” and “Intervals”:
• The “Recording” start time should be the start of the period being simulated.
• For the “Seeding” duration time, use the time it takes for a vehicle to travel
from one end of the network to another. If the travel time is typically 10
minutes during the study period, the “Seeding” duration should be 10 minutes.
• The “Seeding” start time should be the “Recording” start time less the
“Seeding” duration (i.e. the “Seeding” start time should be 7:50 a.m. if a
“Recording” start time is 8:00 a.m., and the “Seeding” duration is 10 minutes.)
• The “Recording” duration should be a minimum of 60 minutes; this duration

should allow sufficient time for any queuing problems to build up and so
appear in the simulation.
Analysis Reports
Numerous reports can be created through Synchro and Sim Traffic to provide
Measure of Effectiveness (MOE). The MOE’s values normally required by the
Region include volume/capacity ratio, approach delay/LOS, intersection delay,
queue length.
Analysis’ shall include the following reports where applicable and/or requested by
the Region of Durham.
• ‘HCM Signals’” report.

• Intersection: Lanes, Volumes, Timings, Phasing.
• Arterials ‘LOS” reports whenever arterials are being reviewed.

Works Department
Vehicle Arrival Rates and Green plus Amber Times for Rural Intersection
LE V E L O F SE RV I CE GREEN* +
“X”
AMBER
A (95%) B (90%) C (75%) D (60%) E (50%) VEHICLES
(SEC)
0.0 – 0.3 0.2 – 0.5 0.3 - 0.9 0.5 – 1.3 0.7 – 1.6 1 3.8
0.4 – 0.8 0.6 – 1.1 1.0 – 1.7 1.4 - 2.2 1.7 – 2.6 2 7.0
0.9 – 1.3 1.2 – 1.7 1.8 - 2.5 2.3 – 3.1 2.7 – 3.6 3 9.7
1.4 – 1.9 1.8 – 2.4 2.6 – 3.3 3.2 - 4.0 3.7 – 4.6 4 12.0
2.0 – 2.8 2.5 – 3.1 3.4 – 4.2 4.1 – 5.0 4.7 – 5.6 5 14.2
2.9 – 3.2 3.2 – 3.8 4.3 - 5.0 5.1 – 6.0 5.7 – 6.6 6 16.4
3.3 – 3.9 3.9 – 4.6 5.1 – 5.9 6.1 - 6.9 6.7 -7.6 7 18.6
4.0 – 4.6 4.7 – 5.4 6.0 – 6.8 7.0 – 7.9 7.7 – 8.6 8 20.8
4.7 – 5.4 5.5 – 6.2 6.9 – 7.7 8.0 – 8.8 8.7 – 9.6 9 23.0
5.5 – 6.1 6.3 – 7.0 7.8 - 8.6 8.9 – 9.8 9.7 – 10.6 10 25.1
6.2 – 6.9 7.1 – 7.8 8.7 - 9.5 9.9 – 10.8 10.7 – 11.6 11 27.2
7.0 – 7.7 7.9 – 8.6 9.6 - 10.4 10.9 - 11.7 11.7 – 12.6 12 29.3
7.8 – 8.4 8.7 – 9.4 10.5 - 11.3 11.8 – 12.7 12.7 – 13.6 13 31.4
8.5 – 9.2 9.5 – 10.3 11.4 – 12.2 12.8 – 13.7 13.7 – 14.6 14 33.5
9.3 – 10.0 10.4 – 11.1 12.3 – 13.1 13.8 - 14.6 14.7 – 15.6 15 35.6
10.1 – 10.8 11.2 – 11.9 13.2 - 14.0 14.7 – 15.6 15.7 – 16.6 16 37.7
10.9 – 11.6 12.0 – 12.8 14.1 – 14.9 15.7 – 16.6 16.7 – 17.6 17 39.8
11.7 – 12.4 12.9 – 13.6 15.0 – 15.9 16.7 – 17.6 17.7 – 18.6 18 41.9
12.5 – 13.2 13.7 – 14.5 16.0 – 16.9 17.7 – 18.5 18.7 – 19.6 19 44.0
13.3 – 14.0 14.6 – 15.3 17.0 – 17.8 18.6 – 19.5 19.7 – 20.6 20 46.0
14.1 – 14.9 15.4 – 16.2 17.9 – 18.7 19.6 – 20.5 20.7 – 21.6 21 48.0
15.0 – 15.7 16.3 – 17.0 18.8 – 19.6 20.6 – 21.5 21.7 – 22.6 22 50.0
15.8 – 16.5 17.1 – 17.9 19.7 – 20.5 21.6 – 22.4 22.7 – 23.6 23 52.0
16.6 – 17.4 18.0 – 18.8 20.6 – 21.4 22.5 – 23.4 23.7 – 24.6 24 54.0
17.5 – 18.2 18.9 – 19.7 21.5 -22.4 23.5 – 24.4 24.7 – 25.6 25 56.0
18.3 – 19.0 19.8 – 20.6 22.5 – 23.3 24.5 – 25.4 25.7 – 26.6 26 58.0
19.1 – 19.9 20.7 – 21.5 23.4 – 24.3 25.5 – 26.3 26.7 – 27.6 27 60.0
20.0 – 20.7 21.6 – 22.3 24.4 -25.2 26.4 – 27.3 27.7 – 28.6 28 62.0
20.8 – 21.6 22.4 – 23.2 25.3 -26.2 27.4 – 28.3 28.7 - 29.6 29 64.0
21.7 – 22.4 23.3- 24.1 26.3 - 27.1 28.4 – 29.3 29.7 – 30.6 30 66.0
22.5 – 23.3 24.2 – 25.0 27.2 - 28.0 29.4 – 30.3 30.7 – 31.6 31 68.0
23.4 – 24.2 25.1 – 25.9 28.1 – 29.0 30.4 – 31.2 31.7 – 32.6 32 70.0
24.3 – 25.1 26.0 -26.8 29.1 -29.9 31.3 – 32.2 32.7 – 33.6 33 72.0
25.2 – 25.9 26.9 – 27.6 30.0 -30.9 32.3 – 33.2 33.7 – 34.6 34 74.0
26.0 – 26.7 27.7 – 28.5 31.0 -31.8 33.3 – 34.2 34.7 – 35.6 35 76.0
Notes:
1. Relationship between the average and maximum arrival rates is based on the Poisson
Distribution.
2. Relationship between arrival rates and phase times is based on the Greenshield’s Chart of
Headways for passenger (car) vehicles.
3. Each truck or bus is equivalent to 2.0 passenger cars.

Works Department
Vehicle Arrival Rates and Green plus Amber Times for Urban/Commuter
Intersections
LE V E L O F SE RV I CE GREEN* +
“X”
AMBER
A (95%) B (90%) C (75%) D (60%) E (50%) VEHICLES
(SEC)
0.0 – 0.3 0.2 – 0.5 0.3 - 0.9 0.5 – 1.3 0.7 – 1.6 1 2.6
0.4 – 0.8 0.6 – 1.1 1.0 – 1.7 1.4 - 2.2 1.7 – 2.6 2 4.9
0.9 – 1.3 1.2 – 1.7 1.8 - 2.5 2.3 – 3.1 2.7 – 3.6 3 7.0
1.4 – 1.9 1.8 – 2.4 2.6 – 3.3 3.2 - 4.0 3.7 – 4.6 4 8.9
2.0 – 2.8 2.5 – 3.1 3.4 – 4.2 4.1 – 5.0 4.7 – 5.6 5 10.8
2.9 – 3.2 3.2 – 3.8 4.3 - 5.0 5.1 – 6.0 5.7 – 6.6 6 12.7
3.3 – 3.9 3.9 – 4.6 5.1 – 5.9 6.1 - 6.9 6.7 -7.6 7 14.6
4.0 – 4.6 4.7 – 5.4 6.0 – 6.8 7.0 – 7.9 7.7 – 8.6 8 16.5
4.7 – 5.4 5.5 – 6.2 6.9 – 7.7 8.0 – 8.8 8.7 – 9.6 9 18.4
5.5 – 6.1 6.3 – 7.0 7.8 - 8.6 8.9 – 9.8 9.7 – 10.6 10 20.2
6.2 – 6.9 7.1 – 7.8 8.7 - 9.5 9.9 – 10.8 10.7 – 11.6 11 22.0
7.0 – 7.7 7.9 – 8.6 9.6 - 10.4 10.9 - 11.7 11.7 – 12.6 12 23.8
7.8 – 8.4 8.7 – 9.4 10.5 - 11.3 11.8 – 12.7 12.7 – 13.6 13 25.6
8.5 – 9.2 9.5 – 10.3 11.4 – 12.2 12.8 – 13.7 13.7 – 14.6 14 27.4
9.3 – 10.0 10.4 – 11.1 12.3 – 13.1 13.8 - 14.6 14.7 – 15.6 15 29.2
10.1 – 10.8 11.2 – 11.9 13.2 - 14.0 14.7 – 15.6 15.7 – 16.6 16 31.0
10.9 – 11.6 12.0 – 12.8 14.1 – 14.9 15.7 – 16.6 16.7 – 17.6 17 32.8
11.7 – 12.4 12.9 – 13.6 15.0 – 15.9 16.7 – 17.6 17.7 – 18.6 18 34.6
12.5 – 13.2 13.7 – 14.5 16.0 – 16.9 17.7 – 18.5 18.7 – 19.6 19 36.4
13.3 – 14.0 14.6 – 15.3 17.0 – 17.8 18.6 – 19.5 19.7 – 20.6 20 38.2
14.1 – 14.9 15.4 – 16.2 17.9 – 18.7 19.6 – 20.5 20.7 – 21.6 21 40.0
15.0 – 15.7 16.3 – 17.0 18.8 – 19.6 20.6 – 21.5 21.7 – 22.6 22 41.8
15.8 – 16.5 17.1 – 17.9 19.7 – 20.5 21.6 – 22.4 22.7 – 23.6 23 43.7
16.6 – 17.4 18.0 – 18.8 20.6 – 21.4 22.5 – 23.4 23.7 – 24.6 24 45.6
17.5 – 18.2 18.9 – 19.7 21.5 -22.4 23.5 – 24.4 24.7 – 25.6 25 47.5
18.3 – 19.0 19.8 – 20.6 22.5 – 23.3 24.5 – 25.4 25.7 – 26.6 26 49.4
19.1 – 19.9 20.7 – 21.5 23.4 – 24.3 25.5 – 26.3 26.7 – 27.6 27 51.3
20.0 – 20.7 21.6 – 22.3 24.4 -25.2 26.4 – 27.3 27.7 – 28.6 28 53.2
20.8 – 21.6 22.4 – 23.2 25.3 -26.2 27.4 – 28.3 28.7 - 29.6 29 55.1
21.7 – 22.4 23.3- 24.1 26.3 - 27.1 28.4 – 29.3 29.7 – 30.6 30 57.0
22.5 – 23.3 24.2 – 25.0 27.2 - 28.0 29.4 – 30.3 30.7 – 31.6 31 58.9
23.4 – 24.2 25.1 – 25.9 28.1 – 29.0 30.4 – 31.2 31.7 – 32.6 32 60.8
24.3 – 25.1 26.0 -26.8 29.1 -29.9 31.3 – 32.2 32.7 – 33.6 33 62.7
25.2 – 25.9 26.9 – 27.6 30.0 -30.9 32.3 – 33.2 33.7 – 34.6 34 64.6
26.0 – 26.7 27.7 – 28.5 31.0 -31.8 33.3 – 34.2 34.7 – 35.6 35 66.5
Notes:
1. Relationship between the average and maximum arrival rates is based on the Poisson
Distribution.
2. Relationship between arrival rates and phase times is based on Ministry of Transportation Time
to Enter Studies (1986 to 1988)
3. Each truck or bus is equivalent to 2.0 passenger cars.

Works Department
10. PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND SIGNAGE
General
As a general rule, all pavement, hazard and delineation marking designs shall
conform to the Ontario Traffic Manual, Book 11, and shall be approved by the
Region of Durham Traffic Engineering and Operations Division.
Legal and engineering drawings shall denote markings as per Region of Durham
standard.
Pavement marking materials for transverse markings and symbols to be

thermoplastic or cold plastic, longitudinal markings in locations with roadway
lighting are to be thermoplastic or cold plastic, longitudinal markings in locations
without roadway lighting are to be water borne traffic paint.
All proposed signage should generally conform to the OTM, unless otherwise specified.
The Region of Durham will supply all signage, unless otherwise advised. Existing utility
poles are acceptable for mounting, if feasible, and within driver’s range of vision.
Stop Bar
As a general rule, stop bar locations at signalized intersections shall be set back
from centreline of the cross street a minimum distance of 17.0 m where cross
sections of the intersecting roadway are less than 5 lanes and 20.0 m where
cross sections are greater than or equal to five lanes. Applicable vehicle turning
templates shall determine the appropriate location of left turn lane stop bar.
Where centre median islands are required, the setback distance is then
measured to the median island bullnose and the stop bar relocated 1.0 m back of
the bullnose.
Stop bars shall be 45 cm in width.
As a general rule, main street stop bar(s) shall be perpendicular to main street
roadway. Minor street stop bar(s) shall be parallel to main street roadway.
Pedestrian Crosswalk
Crosswalk shall be 3.0 m wide and shall be set back from traveled edge of
roadway a minimum distance of 3.5 m, if feasible. The setback from the stop bar
shall be 1.0 m. Crosswalk lines shall be 10 cm in width. The location of the
pedestrian crossings shall determine the location of pedestrian crossing ramps.

Works Department
Lane Widths
Lane width dimensions shall be shown at all longitudinal marking deviations.
Vehicle Turning Radius Template
Appropriate vehicle turning template shall be used to verify vehicle clearance

paths.
Mast Arm Signs
Mast arm mounted street name signs shall be supplied by the Region of Durham
and shall be installed as per Region Standards. Mast arm mounted signs are not
required at intersection pedestrian signal (IPS) locations and commercial
entrances.
Tourism and Private Establishment Signing
Tourism and private establishment signing proposed to be installed on a

Regional road right-of-way shall meet the criteria outlined in the Region of
Durham Tourism and Private Establishment Signing Policy.
11. INTERSECTION LIGHTING
The scope of the lighting design shall be determined on a site-specific basis.

Refer to the Design Specificifications for Roadway Lighting section for
illumination requirements.
As a general rule, illumination shall be provided at the pedestrian crossing areas

and/or the entry points of the intersection departure lanes. Liaison with local
municipalities and/or hydro authorities may be required for approvals and
coordination of works
12. ROADSIDE PROTECTION
All new and remedial roadside protection works shall primarily be based on the latest
MTO Roadside Safety Manual (RSM) and Ontario Provincial Standards Drawing (OPSD).
Supplemental guidance may be provided by the Guide Rail, End Treatment and Crash
Cushion Selection Guidelines1 adopted by the Region of Durham.

Works Department
All new guide rail systems are to be steel beam. Existing 3-cable systems can
remain in place until they are forecasted to be removed as part of the Capital
Roadside Protection Program based on their Net Risk Score, however, it is
preferred that these systems be re-evaluated and modernized with any adjacent
project.
Treatment of Existing Hazards
Where applicable, existing hazards are to be removed, relocated or minimized as

opposed to installing new guide rail systems. These alternatives can be
achieved through the following:
• Flattening of slopes through the use of fill

• Relocation of utilities (hydro poles, fire hydrants, utility pedestals, etc.)
• Improvements to drainage with box culverts and curb and gutter
• Increases in shoulder widths and edge of rounding to improve clear zones
Channel Utilization Within Guide Rail Systems
The use of channel within Regional guide rail systems shall be applied on a site-
by-site basis using engineering discretion. The following criteria should be
considered when selecting the need for guide rail with channel:
• Operating speeds greater than 80 km/h

• Dramatic shifts in horizontal alignment
• Water hazards where vehicle submersion is a risk and hazard depths are
greater than 0.3 m
• Drainage issues causing the shoulder to deteriorate, increasing the risk of
tires wedging or spearing within edge of rounding and steel beam
• Heavy vehicle volume percentages greater than 10%
Approach and Departure End Treatments
The Region of Durham accepts the following OPSD end treatments:
• OPSD 912.430 Steel Beam Structure Connection at concrete bridge

structures
• OPSD 912.531 Steel Beam Installation – Entrances and Intersecting
Roadways where Regional roads intersect with Regional/Municipal/Private
driveways. Where OPSD 912.531 is applied at an entrance, the radius of the
SBGR shall not be less than the entrance radius specified in table 1 of Design
Specifications for Roads and Entranceways.

Works Department
• OPSD 922.180 Energy Attenuator (Extruder) with Wooden Posts where

previous wood post installations were used
• OPSD 922.532 Energy Attenuator (Extruder) with Steel Posts for all current
and future installations
Hazard / Plow Markers and Reflectors
Figure 4 illustrates the Regional standard for the appropriate installation of guide
rail hazard and plow markers. Wa-33L and Wa-33R stickers placed on extruder
heads are no longer necessary.
Dual sided reflectors are required every three (3) posts to ensure adequate
visibility of guide rail systems bi-directionally in dark and poor weather conditions.
Figure 4 – Plow Hazard Markers
13. COMMISSIONING OF SIGNALS
The Region of Durham shall commission all new signals under Durham Region and Local
Municipalities jurisdiction.
1
Synectics Transportation Consultants Inc.; Guide Rail, End Treatment and Crash Cushion Selection Guidelines for the Regional
Municipality of Durham, May 2002

Works Department
APPENDICES
WORKS DEPARTMENT
April 2013
APPENDICES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Subdivision Agreement Information Checklist
Servicing Agreement Information Checklist
Site Servicing Plan
Capacity & Velocity of Circular Concrete Pipes by Manning’s Formula
Hydraulic Calculations for Junction and Transition Maintenance Holes
Nominal Pipe Size
Sanitary Sewer Design Sheet
Storm Sewer Design Sheet
Final Measurement Form for Sketches
Lateral Location Sheet
Samples
Final Measurement Form - SAN Mainline Sample 1
Final Measurement Form - SAN Laterals Sample 2
Final Measurement Form – SAN Laterals Sample 3
Final Measurement Form - WM Mainline Sample 4
Final Measurement Form - WM Services Sample 5
Final Measurement Form - WM Services Sample 6
SAN_STM Lateral Location Sheet Sample 7
Water Lateral Location Sheet Sample 8

Works Department
REGION OF DURHAM WORKS DEPARTMENT
DEVELOPMENT APPROVALS
SUBDIVISION AGREEMENT INFORMATION CHECKLIST
Complete and submit this checklist prior to agreement preparation.
1 Legal name of registered owner, address, phone no., fax no. and contact person:
2 Number of units contained within all lots and blocks shown on the M-Plan:
Single family units
Semidetached units
Townhouse units
2 Bdrm or more Apartments
1 Bdrm or less Apartments
3 Number of units for which Development Charge credits apply (proof required):
Existing units to remain
Existing units to be demolished
Units demolished within last 10 years
4 Are all sight triangles, widenings and reserves provided in accordance with
the Conditions of Draft Approval?
5 Are easement R-Plans final and consistent with M-Plan?
6 Are subdivision or phase limits shown on General Plan consistent with M-Plan?
7 Are lot and block nos. consistent between General Plan, M-Plan and R-Plans?
8 Are phased construction limits defined by plugs on the General Plan?
9 Are sewer lengths on General Plan consistent with phased construction limits?
10 Are cost estimate quantities consistent with phased construction limits?
11 Is the cost estimate based on tender prices if Region cost sharing applies?
12 Is a separate sewer design sheet provided to determine the minimum sewer

size for cost sharing calculations (if applicable)?
13 Are there any private arrangements with external landowners that will affect
Region cost sharing? If yes, provide letter from developer.
April 2013
REGION OF DURHAM WORKS DEPARTMENT
DEVELOPMENT APPROVALS
SERVICING AGREEMENT INFORMATION CHECKLIST
Complete and submit this checklist prior to agreement preparation.
1 Legal name of registered owner, address, phone no., fax no. and contact person:
(Note: The agreement will be with the current land owner, not a purchaser.)
2 If residential, number of units contained within the development:

Single family units
Semidetached units
Townhouse units
2 Bdrm or more Apartments
1 Bdrm or less Apartments
3 If residential, number of units for which Development Charge credits apply (proof required):
Existing units to remain
Existing units to be demolished
Units demolished within last 10 years
4 Has an R-Plan (or R-Plans) been submitted to describe the following:

Owner's land relating to the agreement
Land's to be conveyed to the Region
(widenings, reserves, sight triangles, easements)
5 Is the R-Plan registered?
6 Are development limits shown on engineering drawings consistent with the R-Plan?
7 Are cost estimate quantities consistent with engineering drawings?
8 Does cost estimate include Regional services and exclude private services?
9 Is the cost estimate based on tender prices if Region cost sharing applies?
10 Is a separate sewer design sheet provided to determine the minimum sewer

size for cost sharing calculations (if applicable)?
11 Are there any private arrangements with external landowners that will affect
Region cost sharing? If yes, provide letter from developer.
April 2013
SITE SERVICING PLAN Page 1

Works Department
CAPACITY & VELOCITY OF CIRCULAR CONCRETE
PIPES BY MANNING’S FORMULA
V = 1.0 x R2/3 x S1/2 (m/sec)

n
Q = V x A (m3 /sec)
= 103 x V x A (L/sec)
V: velocity in m/sec. (meters/second)

Q: capacity in L/sec. (liters/second)
A: cross sectional area in m2
R: hydraulic radius D/4 with D in m
S: slope of hydraulic grade line m/m
n: roughness coefficient = 0.013
V and Q are based on actual diameter

Works Department
n=0.013
nom D 150 mm 200 mm 250 mm 300 mm 375 mm 450 mm nom D
act D 152.4 mm 203.2 mm 254.0 mm 304.8 mm 381.0 mm 457.2 mm act D
GRADE Q V Q V Q V Q V Q V Q V GRADE
% (L/s) (m/s) (L/s) (m/s) (L/s) (m/s) (L/s) (m/s) (L/s) (m/s) (L/s) (m/s) %
0.05 3.55 0.19 7.65 0.24 13.87 0.27 22.56 0.31 40.90 0.36 66.51 0.41 0.05
0.06 3.89 0.21 8.38 0.26 15.20 0.30 24.71 0.34 44.80 0.39 72.86 0.44 0.06
0.07 4.20 0.23 9.05 0.28 16.41 0.32 26.69 0.37 48.39 0.42 78.69 0.48 0.07
0.08 4.49 0.25 9.68 0.30 17.55 0.35 28.53 0.39 51.74 0.45 84.13 0.51 0.08
0.09 4.77 0.26 10.26 0.32 18.61 0.37 30.26 0.41 54.87 0.48 89.23 0.54 0.09
0.10 5.02 0.28 10.82 0.33 19.62 0.39 31.90 0.44 57.84 0.51 94.06 0.57 0.10
0.11 5.27 0.29 11.35 0.35 20.58 0.41 33.46 0.46 60.66 0.53 98.65 0.60 0.11
0.12 5.50 0.30 11.85 0.37 21.49 0.42 34.95 0.48 63.36 0.56 103.03 0.63 0.12
0.13 5.73 0.31 12.34 0.38 22.37 0.44 36.37 0.50 65.95 0.58 107.24 0.65 0.13
0.14 5.94 0.33 12.80 0.39 23.21 0.46 37.75 0.52 68.44 0.60 111.29 0.68 0.14
0.15 6.15 0.34 13.25 0.41 24.03 0.47 39.07 0.54 70.84 0.62 115.20 0.70 0.15
0.16 6.36 0.35 13.69 0.42 24.82 0.49 40.35 0.55 73.16 0.64 118.97 0.72 0.16
0.17 6.55 0.36 14.11 0.44 25.58 0.50 41.59 0.57 75.42 0.66 122.63 0.75 0.17
0.18 6.74 0.37 14.52 0.45 26.32 0.52 42.80 0.59 77.60 0.68 126.19 0.77 0.18
0.19 6.93 0.38 14.91 0.46 27.04 0.53 43.97 0.60 79.73 0.70 129.65 0.79 0.19
0.20 7.11 0.39 15.30 0.47 27.74 0.55 45.12 0.62 81.80 0.72 133.02 0.81 0.20
0.21 7.28 0.40 15.68 0.48 28.43 0.56 46.23 0.63 83.82 0.74 136.30 0.83 0.21
0.22 7.45 0.41 16.05 0.49 29.10 0.57 47.32 0.65 85.79 0.75 139.51 0.85 0.22
0.23 7.62 0.42 16.41 0.51 29.75 0.59 48.38 0.66 87.72 0.77 142.64 0.87 0.23
0.24 7.78 0.43 16.76 0.52 30.39 0.60 49.42 0.68 89.61 0.79 145.71 0.89 0.24
0.25 7.94 0.44 17.11 0.53 31.02 0.61 50.44 0.69 91.46 0.80 148.72 0.91 0.25
0.26 8.10 0.44 17.45 0.54 31.63 0.62 51.44 0.70 93.27 0.82 151.66 0.92 0.26
0.27 8.26 0.45 17.78 0.55 32.24 0.64 52.42 0.72 95.04 0.83 154.55 0.94 0.27
0.28 8.41 0.46 18.11 0.56 32.83 0.65 53.38 0.73 96.79 0.85 157.39 0.96 0.28
0.29 8.56 0.47 18.43 0.57 33.41 0.66 54.33 0.74 98.50 0.86 160.17 0.98 0.29
0.30 8.70 0.48 18.74 0.58 33.98 0.67 55.26 0.76 100.18 0.88 162.91 0.99 0.30
0.31 8.85 0.48 19.05 0.59 34.54 0.68 56.17 0.77 101.84 0.89 165.60 1.01 0.31
0.32 8.99 0.49 19.36 0.60 35.09 0.69 57.07 0.78 103.47 0.91 168.25 1.02 0.32
0.33 9.13 0.50 19.66 0.61 35.64 0.70 57.95 0.79 105.07 0.92 170.86 1.04 0.33
0.34 9.26 0.51 19.95 0.62 36.17 0.71 58.82 0.81 106.65 0.94 173.43 1.06 0.34
0.35 9.40 0.52 20.24 0.62 36.70 0.72 59.68 0.82 108.21 0.95 175.96 1.07 0.35
0.36 9.53 0.52 20.53 0.63 37.22 0.73 60.53 0.83 109.75 0.96 178.46 1.09 0.36
0.37 9.66 0.53 20.81 0.64 37.74 0.74 61.36 0.84 111.26 0.98 180.92 1.10 0.37
0.38 9.79 0.54 21.09 0.65 38.24 0.75 62.19 0.85 112.75 0.99 183.35 1.12 0.38
0.39 9.92 0.54 21.37 0.66 38.74 0.76 63.00 0.86 114.23 1.00 185.75 1.13 0.39
0.40 10.05 0.55 21.64 0.67 39.24 0.77 63.80 0.87 115.68 1.01 188.11 1.15 0.40
0.41 10.17 0.56 21.91 0.68 39.72 0.78 64.60 0.89 117.12 1.03 190.45 1.16 0.41
0.42 10.30 0.56 22.17 0.68 40.21 0.79 65.38 0.90 118.54 1.04 192.76 1.17 0.42
0.43 10.42 0.57 22.44 0.69 40.68 0.80 66.15 0.91 119.94 1.05 195.04 1.19 0.43
0.44 10.54 0.58 22.70 0.70 41.15 0.81 66.92 0.92 121.33 1.06 197.30 1.20 0.44
0.45 10.66 0.58 22.95 0.71 41.62 0.82 67.67 0.93 122.70 1.08 199.52 1.22 0.45
0.46 10.78 0.59 23.21 0.72 42.08 0.83 68.42 0.94 124.06 1.09 201.73 1.23 0.46
0.47 10.89 0.60 23.46 0.72 42.53 0.84 69.16 0.95 125.40 1.10 203.91 1.24 0.47
0.48 11.01 0.60 23.71 0.73 42.98 0.85 69.89 0.96 126.72 1.11 206.07 1.26 0.48
0.49 11.12 0.61 23.95 0.74 43.43 0.86 70.62 0.97 128.04 1.12 208.20 1.27 0.49
0.50 11.23 0.62 24.19 0.75 43.87 0.87 71.33 0.98 129.34 1.13 210.32 1.28 0.50
0.51 11.35 0.62 24.44 0.75 44.30 0.87 72.04 0.99 130.62 1.15 212.41 1.29 0.51
0.52 11.46 0.63 24.67 0.76 44.74 0.88 72.75 1.00 131.90 1.16 214.48 1.31 0.52
0.53 11.57 0.63 24.91 0.77 45.16 0.89 73.44 1.01 133.16 1.17 216.53 1.32 0.53
0.54 11.68 0.64 25.14 0.78 45.59 0.90 74.13 1.02 134.41 1.18 218.57 1.33 0.54
0.55 11.78 0.65 25.38 0.78 46.01 0.91 74.82 1.03 135.65 1.19 220.58 1.34 0.55
0.56 11.89 0.65 25.61 0.79 46.43 0.92 75.49 1.03 136.88 1.20 222.58 1.36 0.56
0.57 12.00 0.66 25.83 0.80 46.84 0.92 76.16 1.04 138.09 1.21 224.56 1.37 0.57
0.58 12.10 0.66 26.06 0.80 47.25 0.93 76.83 1.05 139.30 1.22 226.52 1.38 0.58
0.59 12.20 0.67 26.28 0.81 47.65 0.94 77.49 1.06 140.50 1.23 228.46 1.39 0.59
0.60 12.31 0.67 26.50 0.82 48.06 0.95 78.14 1.07 141.68 1.24 230.39 1.40 0.60
0.61 12.41 0.68 26.72 0.82 48.45 0.96 78.79 1.08 142.86 1.25 232.30 1.41 0.61
0.62 12.51 0.69 26.94 0.83 48.85 0.96 79.43 1.09 144.02 1.26 234.20 1.43 0.62
0.63 12.61 0.69 27.16 0.84 49.24 0.97 80.07 1.10 145.18 1.27 236.08 1.44 0.63
0.64 12.71 0.70 27.37 0.84 49.63 0.98 80.71 1.11 146.33 1.28 237.95 1.45 0.64
0.65 12.81 0.70 27.59 0.85 50.02 0.99 81.33 1.11 147.47 1.29 239.80 1.46 0.65
0.66 12.91 0.71 27.80 0.86 50.40 0.99 81.96 1.12 148.60 1.30 241.64 1.47 0.66
0.67 13.00 0.71 28.01 0.86 50.78 1.00 82.58 1.13 149.72 1.31 243.46 1.48 0.67
0.68 13.10 0.72 28.22 0.87 51.16 1.01 83.19 1.14 150.83 1.32 245.27 1.49 0.68
0.69 13.20 0.72 28.42 0.88 51.53 1.02 83.80 1.15 151.94 1.33 247.07 1.50 0.69
0.70 13.29 0.73 28.63 0.88 51.91 1.02 84.40 1.16 153.03 1.34 248.85 1.52 0.70
0.71 13.39 0.73 28.83 0.89 52.27 1.03 85.00 1.16 154.12 1.35 250.62 1.53 0.71
0.72 13.48 0.74 29.03 0.90 52.64 1.04 85.60 1.17 155.21 1.36 252.38 1.54 0.72
0.73 13.57 0.74 29.23 0.90 53.01 1.05 86.19 1.18 156.28 1.37 254.13 1.55 0.73
0.74 13.67 0.75 29.43 0.91 53.37 1.05 86.78 1.19 157.35 1.38 255.86 1.56 0.74
0.75 13.76 0.75 29.63 0.91 53.73 1.06 87.37 1.20 158.41 1.39 257.58 1.57 0.75
0.76 13.85 0.76 29.83 0.92 54.08 1.07 87.95 1.21 159.46 1.40 259.30 1.58 0.76
0.77 13.94 0.76 30.02 0.93 54.44 1.07 88.52 1.21 160.50 1.41 261.00 1.59 0.77
0.78 14.03 0.77 30.22 0.93 54.79 1.08 89.10 1.22 161.54 1.42 262.69 1.60 0.78
0.79 14.12 0.77 30.41 0.94 55.14 1.09 89.67 1.23 162.57 1.43 264.36 1.61 0.79
0.80 14.21 0.78 30.60 0.94 55.49 1.10 90.23 1.24 163.60 1.43 266.03 1.62 0.80
0.81 14.30 0.78 30.79 0.95 55.83 1.10 90.79 1.24 164.62 1.44 267.69 1.63 0.81
0.82 14.39 0.79 30.98 0.96 56.18 1.11 91.35 1.25 165.63 1.45 269.34 1.64 0.82
0.83 14.47 0.79 31.17 0.96 56.52 1.12 91.91 1.26 166.64 1.46 270.97 1.65 0.83
0.84 14.56 0.80 31.36 0.97 56.86 1.12 92.46 1.27 167.64 1.47 272.60 1.66 0.84
0.85 14.65 0.80 31.55 0.97 57.20 1.13 93.01 1.27 168.64 1.48 274.22 1.67 0.85
0.86 14.73 0.81 31.73 0.98 57.53 1.14 93.55 1.28 169.62 1.49 275.83 1.68 0.86
0.87 14.82 0.81 31.92 0.98 57.87 1.14 94.10 1.29 170.61 1.50 277.43 1.69 0.87
0.88 14.90 0.82 32.10 0.99 58.20 1.15 94.64 1.30 171.59 1.51 279.02 1.70 0.88
0.89 14.99 0.82 32.28 1.00 58.53 1.16 95.17 1.30 172.56 1.51 280.60 1.71 0.89
0.90 15.07 0.83 32.46 1.00 58.86 1.16 95.70 1.31 173.52 1.52 282.17 1.72 0.90
0.91 15.16 0.83 32.64 1.01 59.18 1.17 96.24 1.32 174.49 1.53 283.73 1.73 0.91
0.92 15.24 0.84 32.82 1.01 59.51 1.17 96.76 1.33 175.44 1.54 285.29 1.74 0.92
0.93 15.32 0.84 33.00 1.02 59.83 1.18 97.29 1.33 176.39 1.55 286.83 1.75 0.93
0.94 15.40 0.84 33.17 1.02 60.15 1.19 97.81 1.34 177.34 1.56 288.37 1.76 0.94
0.95 15.49 0.85 33.35 1.03 60.47 1.19 98.33 1.35 178.28 1.56 289.90 1.77 0.95
0.96 15.57 0.85 33.53 1.03 60.79 1.20 98.84 1.35 179.22 1.57 291.42 1.78 0.96
0.97 15.65 0.86 33.70 1.04 61.10 1.21 99.36 1.36 180.15 1.58 292.94 1.78 0.97
0.98 15.73 0.86 33.87 1.04 61.42 1.21 99.87 1.37 181.07 1.59 294.44 1.79 0.98
0.99 15.81 0.87 34.05 1.05 61.73 1.22 100.38 1.38 181.99 1.60 295.94 1.80 0.99
1.00 15.89 0.87 34.22 1.06 62.04 1.22 100.88 1.38 182.91 1.60 297.43 1.81 1.00

n=0.013
1.00 15.89 0.87 34.22 1.06 62.04 1.22 100.88 1.38 182.91 1.60 297.43 1.81 1.00
1.02 16.05 0.88 34.56 1.07 62.66 1.24 101.89 1.40 184.73 1.62 300.39 1.83 1.02
1.04 16.20 0.89 34.89 1.08 63.27 1.25 102.88 1.41 186.53 1.64 303.32 1.85 1.04
1.06 16.36 0.90 35.23 1.09 63.87 1.26 103.86 1.42 188.32 1.65 306.23 1.87 1.06
1.08 16.51 0.91 35.56 1.10 64.47 1.27 104.84 1.44 190.09 1.67 309.10 1.88 1.08
1.10 16.66 0.91 35.89 1.11 65.07 1.28 105.81 1.45 191.84 1.68 311.95 1.90 1.10
1.12 16.81 0.92 36.21 1.12 65.66 1.30 106.76 1.46 193.57 1.70 314.77 1.92 1.12
1.14 16.96 0.93 36.53 1.13 66.24 1.31 107.71 1.48 195.30 1.71 317.57 1.93 1.14
1.16 17.11 0.94 36.85 1.14 66.82 1.32 108.65 1.49 197.00 1.73 320.35 1.95 1.16
1.18 17.26 0.95 37.17 1.15 67.39 1.33 109.59 1.50 198.69 1.74 323.10 1.97 1.18
1.20 17.40 0.95 37.48 1.16 67.96 1.34 110.51 1.51 200.37 1.76 325.82 1.98 1.20
1.22 17.55 0.96 37.79 1.17 68.52 1.35 111.43 1.53 202.03 1.77 328.53 2.00 1.22
1.24 17.69 0.97 38.10 1.17 69.08 1.36 112.34 1.54 203.68 1.79 331.21 2.02 1.24
1.26 17.83 0.98 38.41 1.18 69.64 1.37 113.24 1.55 205.32 1.80 333.87 2.03 1.26
1.28 17.98 0.99 38.71 1.19 70.19 1.39 114.13 1.56 206.94 1.82 336.51 2.05 1.28
1.30 18.11 0.99 39.01 1.20 70.74 1.40 115.02 1.58 208.55 1.83 339.13 2.07 1.30
1.32 18.25 1.00 39.31 1.21 71.28 1.41 115.90 1.59 210.15 1.84 341.73 2.08 1.32
1.34 18.39 1.01 39.61 1.22 71.82 1.42 116.78 1.60 211.73 1.86 344.30 2.10 1.34
1.36 18.53 1.02 39.90 1.23 72.35 1.43 117.65 1.61 213.31 1.87 346.86 2.11 1.36
1.38 18.66 1.02 40.20 1.24 72.88 1.44 118.51 1.62 214.87 1.88 349.41 2.13 1.38
1.40 18.80 1.03 40.49 1.25 73.41 1.45 119.37 1.64 216.42 1.90 351.93 2.14 1.40
1.42 18.93 1.04 40.77 1.26 73.93 1.46 120.21 1.65 217.96 1.91 354.43 2.16 1.42
1.44 19.07 1.05 41.06 1.27 74.45 1.47 121.06 1.66 219.49 1.93 356.92 2.17 1.44
1.46 19.20 1.05 41.34 1.27 74.96 1.48 121.90 1.67 221.01 1.94 359.39 2.19 1.46
1.48 19.33 1.06 41.63 1.28 75.47 1.49 122.73 1.68 222.52 1.95 361.84 2.20 1.48
1.50 19.46 1.07 41.91 1.29 75.98 1.50 123.55 1.69 224.02 1.96 364.28 2.22 1.50
1.52 19.59 1.07 42.19 1.30 76.49 1.51 124.38 1.70 225.51 1.98 366.70 2.23 1.52
1.54 19.72 1.08 42.46 1.31 76.99 1.52 125.19 1.72 226.99 1.99 369.11 2.25 1.54
1.56 19.84 1.09 42.74 1.32 77.49 1.53 126.00 1.73 228.46 2.00 371.49 2.26 1.56
1.58 19.97 1.09 43.01 1.33 77.98 1.54 126.81 1.74 229.92 2.02 373.87 2.28 1.58
1.60 20.10 1.10 43.28 1.33 78.47 1.55 127.61 1.75 231.37 2.03 376.23 2.29 1.60
1.62 20.22 1.11 43.55 1.34 78.96 1.56 128.40 1.76 232.81 2.04 378.57 2.31 1.62
1.64 20.35 1.12 43.82 1.35 79.45 1.57 129.19 1.77 234.24 2.05 380.90 2.32 1.64
1.66 20.47 1.12 44.08 1.36 79.93 1.58 129.98 1.78 235.66 2.07 383.22 2.33 1.66
1.68 20.59 1.13 44.35 1.37 80.41 1.59 130.76 1.79 237.08 2.08 385.52 2.35 1.68
1.70 20.72 1.14 44.61 1.38 80.89 1.60 131.53 1.80 238.49 2.09 387.81 2.36 1.70
1.72 20.84 1.14 44.87 1.38 81.36 1.61 132.31 1.81 239.89 2.10 390.08 2.38 1.72
1.74 20.96 1.15 45.13 1.39 81.83 1.62 133.07 1.82 241.28 2.12 392.34 2.39 1.74
1.76 21.08 1.16 45.39 1.40 82.30 1.62 133.83 1.83 242.66 2.13 394.59 2.40 1.76
1.78 21.20 1.16 45.65 1.41 82.77 1.63 134.59 1.84 244.03 2.14 396.83 2.42 1.78
1.80 21.32 1.17 45.91 1.42 83.23 1.64 135.35 1.85 245.40 2.15 399.05 2.43 1.80
1.82 21.43 1.18 46.16 1.42 83.69 1.65 136.10 1.87 246.76 2.16 401.26 2.44 1.82
1.84 21.55 1.18 46.41 1.43 84.15 1.66 136.84 1.88 248.11 2.18 403.46 2.46 1.84
1.86 21.67 1.19 46.67 1.44 84.61 1.67 137.58 1.89 249.46 2.19 405.65 2.47 1.86
1.88 21.78 1.19 46.92 1.45 85.06 1.68 138.32 1.90 250.79 2.20 407.82 2.48 1.88
1.90 21.90 1.20 47.16 1.45 85.51 1.69 139.06 1.91 252.13 2.21 409.98 2.50 1.90
1.92 22.01 1.21 47.41 1.46 85.96 1.70 139.79 1.92 253.45 2.22 412.14 2.51 1.92
1.94 22.13 1.21 47.66 1.47 86.41 1.71 140.51 1.93 254.77 2.23 414.28 2.52 1.94
1.96 22.24 1.22 47.90 1.48 86.85 1.71 141.23 1.94 256.08 2.25 416.41 2.54 1.96
1.98 22.36 1.23 48.15 1.48 87.30 1.72 141.95 1.95 257.38 2.26 418.53 2.55 1.98
2.00 22.47 1.23 48.39 1.49 87.74 1.73 142.67 1.96 258.68 2.27 420.63 2.56 2.00
2.02 22.58 1.24 48.63 1.50 88.17 1.74 143.38 1.97 259.97 2.28 422.73 2.57 2.02
2.04 22.69 1.24 48.87 1.51 88.61 1.75 144.09 1.97 261.25 2.29 424.82 2.59 2.04
2.06 22.80 1.25 49.11 1.51 89.04 1.76 144.79 1.98 262.53 2.30 426.90 2.60 2.06
2.08 22.91 1.26 49.35 1.52 89.47 1.77 145.49 1.99 263.80 2.31 428.96 2.61 2.08
2.10 23.02 1.26 49.58 1.53 89.90 1.77 146.19 2.00 265.06 2.32 431.02 2.63 2.10
2.12 23.13 1.27 49.82 1.54 90.33 1.78 146.89 2.01 266.32 2.34 433.07 2.64 2.12
2.14 23.24 1.27 50.05 1.54 90.75 1.79 147.58 2.02 267.58 2.35 435.11 2.65 2.14
2.16 23.35 1.28 50.29 1.55 91.18 1.80 148.27 2.03 268.82 2.36 437.14 2.66 2.16
2.18 23.46 1.29 50.52 1.56 91.60 1.81 148.95 2.04 270.06 2.37 439.16 2.67 2.18
2.20 23.57 1.29 50.75 1.56 92.02 1.82 149.63 2.05 271.30 2.38 441.17 2.69 2.20
2.22 23.67 1.30 50.98 1.57 92.44 1.82 150.31 2.06 272.53 2.39 443.17 2.70 2.22
2.24 23.78 1.30 51.21 1.58 92.85 1.83 150.99 2.07 273.76 2.40 445.16 2.71 2.24
2.26 23.88 1.31 51.44 1.59 93.26 1.84 151.66 2.08 274.98 2.41 447.14 2.72 2.26
2.28 23.99 1.32 51.67 1.59 93.68 1.85 152.33 2.09 276.19 2.42 449.11 2.74 2.28
2.30 24.10 1.32 51.89 1.60 94.09 1.86 152.99 2.10 277.40 2.43 451.08 2.75 2.30
2.32 24.20 1.33 52.12 1.61 94.49 1.86 153.66 2.11 278.60 2.44 453.04 2.76 2.32
2.34 24.30 1.33 52.34 1.61 94.90 1.87 154.32 2.11 279.80 2.45 454.99 2.77 2.34
2.36 24.41 1.34 52.56 1.62 95.31 1.88 154.98 2.12 280.99 2.46 456.93 2.78 2.36
2.38 24.51 1.34 52.79 1.63 95.71 1.89 155.63 2.13 282.18 2.48 458.86 2.79 2.38
2.40 24.61 1.35 53.01 1.63 96.11 1.90 156.29 2.14 283.36 2.49 460.78 2.81 2.40
2.42 24.72 1.35 53.23 1.64 96.51 1.90 156.94 2.15 284.54 2.50 462.70 2.82 2.42
2.44 24.82 1.36 53.45 1.65 96.91 1.91 157.58 2.16 285.72 2.51 464.61 2.83 2.44
2.46 24.92 1.37 53.67 1.65 97.30 1.92 158.23 2.17 286.88 2.52 466.51 2.84 2.46
2.48 25.02 1.37 53.88 1.66 97.70 1.93 158.87 2.18 288.05 2.53 468.40 2.85 2.48
2.50 25.12 1.38 54.10 1.67 98.09 1.94 159.51 2.19 289.21 2.54 470.28 2.86 2.50
2.52 25.22 1.38 54.32 1.67 98.48 1.94 160.14 2.19 290.36 2.55 472.16 2.88 2.52
2.54 25.32 1.39 54.53 1.68 98.87 1.95 160.78 2.20 291.51 2.56 474.03 2.89 2.54
2.56 25.42 1.39 54.75 1.69 99.26 1.96 161.41 2.21 292.66 2.57 475.89 2.90 2.56
2.58 25.52 1.40 54.96 1.69 99.65 1.97 162.04 2.22 293.80 2.58 477.75 2.91 2.58
2.60 25.62 1.40 55.17 1.70 100.03 1.97 162.67 2.23 294.94 2.59 479.60 2.92 2.60
2.62 25.72 1.41 55.38 1.71 100.42 1.98 163.29 2.24 296.07 2.60 481.44 2.93 2.62
2.64 25.81 1.42 55.60 1.71 100.80 1.99 163.91 2.25 297.20 2.61 483.27 2.94 2.64
2.66 25.91 1.42 55.81 1.72 101.18 2.00 164.53 2.25 298.32 2.62 485.10 2.95 2.66
2.68 26.01 1.43 56.01 1.73 101.56 2.00 165.15 2.26 299.44 2.63 486.92 2.97 2.68
2.70 26.11 1.43 56.22 1.73 101.94 2.01 165.77 2.27 300.55 2.64 488.73 2.98 2.70
2.72 26.20 1.44 56.43 1.74 102.32 2.02 166.38 2.28 301.66 2.65 490.54 2.99 2.72
2.74 26.30 1.44 56.64 1.75 102.69 2.03 166.99 2.29 302.77 2.66 492.34 3.00 2.74
2.76 26.39 1.45 56.84 1.75 103.07 2.03 167.60 2.30 303.87 2.67 494.13 3.01 2.76
2.78 26.49 1.45 57.05 1.76 103.44 2.04 168.20 2.31 304.97 2.67 495.92 3.02 2.78
2.80 26.59 1.46 57.26 1.77 103.81 2.05 168.81 2.31 306.07 2.68 497.70 3.03 2.80
2.82 26.68 1.46 57.46 1.77 104.18 2.06 169.41 2.32 307.16 2.69 499.48 3.04 2.82
2.84 26.77 1.47 57.66 1.78 104.55 2.06 170.01 2.33 308.25 2.70 501.24 3.05 2.84
2.86 26.87 1.47 57.87 1.78 104.92 2.07 170.61 2.34 309.33 2.71 503.01 3.06 2.86
2.88 26.96 1.48 58.07 1.79 105.28 2.08 171.20 2.35 310.41 2.72 504.76 3.07 2.88
2.90 27.06 1.48 58.27 1.80 105.65 2.08 171.80 2.35 311.49 2.73 506.51 3.09 2.90
2.92 27.15 1.49 58.47 1.80 106.01 2.09 172.39 2.36 312.56 2.74 508.25 3.10 2.92
2.94 27.24 1.49 58.67 1.81 106.37 2.10 172.98 2.37 313.63 2.75 509.99 3.11 2.94
2.96 27.33 1.50 58.87 1.82 106.74 2.11 173.56 2.38 314.69 2.76 511.72 3.12 2.96
2.98 27.43 1.50 59.07 1.82 107.10 2.11 174.15 2.39 315.75 2.77 513.45 3.13 2.98
3.00 27.52 1.51 59.26 1.83 107.45 2.12 174.73 2.39 316.81 2.78 515.17 3.14 3.00

n=0.013
3.00 27.52 1.51 59.26 1.83 107.45 2.12 174.73 2.39 316.81 2.78 515.17 3.14 3.00
3.10 27.97 1.53 60.24 1.86 109.23 2.16 177.62 2.43 322.05 2.82 523.69 3.19 3.10
3.20 28.42 1.56 61.21 1.89 110.98 2.19 180.46 2.47 327.20 2.87 532.07 3.24 3.20
3.30 28.86 1.58 62.16 1.92 112.70 2.22 183.26 2.51 332.27 2.91 540.31 3.29 3.30
3.40 29.30 1.61 63.09 1.95 114.39 2.26 186.02 2.55 337.27 2.96 548.44 3.34 3.40
3.50 29.72 1.63 64.01 1.97 116.06 2.29 188.73 2.59 342.20 3.00 556.45 3.39 3.50
3.60 30.15 1.65 64.92 2.00 117.71 2.32 191.41 2.62 347.05 3.04 564.34 3.44 3.60
3.70 30.56 1.68 65.82 2.03 119.33 2.36 194.05 2.66 351.84 3.09 572.12 3.48 3.70
3.80 30.97 1.70 66.70 2.06 120.94 2.39 196.65 2.70 356.56 3.13 579.80 3.53 3.80
3.90 31.38 1.72 67.57 2.08 122.52 2.42 199.23 2.73 361.22 3.17 587.38 3.58 3.90
4.00 31.78 1.74 68.43 2.11 124.08 2.45 201.76 2.77 365.82 3.21 594.87 3.62 4.00
4.10 32.17 1.76 69.28 2.14 125.62 2.48 204.27 2.80 370.37 3.25 602.26 3.67 4.10
4.20 32.56 1.78 70.12 2.16 127.14 2.51 206.75 2.83 374.86 3.29 609.56 3.71 4.20
4.30 32.95 1.81 70.95 2.19 128.65 2.54 209.19 2.87 379.29 3.33 616.77 3.76 4.30
4.40 33.33 1.83 71.77 2.21 130.13 2.57 211.61 2.90 383.68 3.37 623.90 3.80 4.40
4.50 33.70 1.85 72.58 2.24 131.60 2.60 214.00 2.93 388.01 3.40 630.95 3.84 4.50
4.60 34.08 1.87 73.39 2.26 133.06 2.63 216.37 2.97 392.30 3.44 637.92 3.89 4.60
4.70 34.44 1.89 74.18 2.29 134.50 2.65 218.71 3.00 396.54 3.48 644.82 3.93 4.70
4.80 34.81 1.91 74.96 2.31 135.92 2.68 221.02 3.03 400.74 3.51 651.64 3.97 4.80
4.90 35.17 1.93 75.74 2.34 137.33 2.71 223.31 3.06 404.89 3.55 658.40 4.01 4.90
5.00 35.53 1.95 76.51 2.36 138.72 2.74 225.58 3.09 409.00 3.59 665.08 4.05 5.00
5.10 35.88 1.97 77.27 2.38 140.10 2.76 227.82 3.12 413.07 3.62 671.70 4.09 5.10
5.20 36.23 1.99 78.03 2.41 141.47 2.79 230.05 3.15 417.10 3.66 678.25 4.13 5.20
5.30 36.58 2.01 78.77 2.43 142.82 2.82 232.25 3.18 421.09 3.69 684.74 4.17 5.30
5.40 36.92 2.02 79.51 2.45 144.17 2.85 234.43 3.21 425.05 3.73 691.17 4.21 5.40
5.50 37.26 2.04 80.24 2.47 145.49 2.87 236.59 3.24 428.96 3.76 697.54 4.25 5.50
5.60 37.60 2.06 80.97 2.50 146.81 2.90 238.73 3.27 432.85 3.80 703.86 4.29 5.60
5.70 37.93 2.08 81.69 2.52 148.12 2.92 240.85 3.30 436.69 3.83 710.11 4.33 5.70
5.80 38.26 2.10 82.40 2.54 149.41 2.95 242.96 3.33 440.51 3.86 716.31 4.36 5.80
5.90 38.59 2.12 83.11 2.56 150.69 2.97 245.04 3.36 444.29 3.90 722.46 4.40 5.90
6.00 38.92 2.13 83.81 2.58 151.96 3.00 247.11 3.39 448.04 3.93 728.56 4.44 6.00
6.10 39.24 2.15 84.51 2.61 153.22 3.02 249.16 3.41 451.76 3.96 734.61 4.47 6.10
6.20 39.56 2.17 85.20 2.63 154.48 3.05 251.19 3.44 455.44 3.99 740.60 4.51 6.20
6.30 39.88 2.19 85.88 2.65 155.72 3.07 253.21 3.47 459.10 4.03 746.55 4.55 6.30
6.40 40.19 2.20 86.56 2.67 156.95 3.10 255.21 3.50 462.73 4.06 752.45 4.58 6.40
6.50 40.51 2.22 87.24 2.69 158.17 3.12 257.20 3.52 466.33 4.09 758.31 4.62 6.50
6.60 40.82 2.24 87.90 2.71 159.38 3.15 259.17 3.55 469.91 4.12 764.12 4.65 6.60
6.70 41.12 2.25 88.57 2.73 160.58 3.17 261.13 3.58 473.45 4.15 769.89 4.69 6.70
6.80 41.43 2.27 89.23 2.75 161.78 3.19 263.07 3.61 476.97 4.18 775.61 4.72 6.80
6.90 41.73 2.29 89.88 2.77 162.96 3.22 264.99 3.63 480.47 4.21 781.29 4.76 6.90
7.00 42.04 2.30 90.53 2.79 164.14 3.24 266.91 3.66 483.94 4.24 786.93 4.79 7.00
7.10 42.33 2.32 91.17 2.81 165.31 3.26 268.81 3.68 487.38 4.27 792.54 4.83 7.10
7.20 42.63 2.34 91.81 2.83 166.47 3.29 270.69 3.71 490.80 4.30 798.10 4.86 7.20
7.30 42.93 2.35 92.45 2.85 167.62 3.31 272.57 3.74 494.20 4.33 803.62 4.89 7.30
7.40 43.22 2.37 93.08 2.87 168.76 3.33 274.43 3.76 497.57 4.36 809.11 4.93 7.40
7.50 43.51 2.39 93.71 2.89 169.90 3.35 276.28 3.79 500.92 4.39 814.56 4.96 7.50
7.60 43.80 2.40 94.33 2.91 171.03 3.38 278.11 3.81 504.25 4.42 819.97 4.99 7.60
7.70 44.09 2.42 94.95 2.93 172.15 3.40 279.94 3.84 507.56 4.45 825.34 5.03 7.70
7.80 44.37 2.43 95.56 2.95 173.26 3.42 281.75 3.86 510.84 4.48 830.69 5.06 7.80
7.90 44.66 2.45 96.17 2.97 174.37 3.44 283.55 3.89 514.11 4.51 835.99 5.09 7.90
8.00 44.94 2.46 96.78 2.98 175.47 3.46 285.34 3.91 517.35 4.54 841.27 5.12 8.00
8.10 45.22 2.48 97.38 3.00 176.57 3.48 287.11 3.93 520.57 4.57 846.51 5.16 8.10
8.20 45.50 2.49 97.98 3.02 177.65 3.51 288.88 3.96 523.78 4.59 851.72 5.19 8.20
8.30 45.77 2.51 98.58 3.04 178.73 3.53 290.64 3.98 526.96 4.62 856.90 5.22 8.30
8.40 46.05 2.52 99.17 3.06 179.81 3.55 292.38 4.01 530.13 4.65 862.04 5.25 8.40
8.50 46.32 2.54 99.76 3.08 180.87 3.57 294.12 4.03 533.27 4.68 867.16 5.28 8.50
8.60 46.59 2.55 100.34 3.09 181.93 3.59 295.84 4.05 536.40 4.70 872.25 5.31 8.60
8.70 46.86 2.57 100.92 3.11 182.99 3.61 297.56 4.08 539.51 4.73 877.30 5.34 8.70
8.80 47.13 2.58 101.50 3.13 184.04 3.63 299.26 4.10 542.60 4.76 882.33 5.37 8.80
8.90 47.40 2.60 102.08 3.15 185.08 3.65 300.96 4.12 545.68 4.79 887.33 5.40 8.90
9.00 47.66 2.61 102.65 3.17 186.12 3.67 302.65 4.15 548.73 4.81 892.30 5.44 9.00
9.10 47.93 2.63 103.22 3.18 187.15 3.69 304.32 4.17 551.77 4.84 897.24 5.47 9.10
9.20 48.19 2.64 103.78 3.20 188.17 3.71 305.99 4.19 554.80 4.87 902.16 5.50 9.20
9.30 48.45 2.66 104.35 3.22 189.19 3.73 307.65 4.22 557.80 4.89 907.05 5.52 9.30
9.40 48.71 2.67 104.91 3.23 190.21 3.75 309.30 4.24 560.79 4.92 911.91 5.55 9.40
9.50 48.97 2.68 105.46 3.25 191.22 3.77 310.94 4.26 563.77 4.94 916.75 5.58 9.50
9.60 49.23 2.70 106.02 3.27 192.22 3.79 312.57 4.28 566.73 4.97 921.56 5.61 9.60
9.70 49.48 2.71 106.57 3.29 193.22 3.81 314.19 4.31 569.67 5.00 926.35 5.64 9.70
9.80 49.74 2.73 107.11 3.30 194.21 3.83 315.81 4.33 572.60 5.02 931.11 5.67 9.80
9.90 49.99 2.74 107.66 3.32 195.20 3.85 317.42 4.35 575.52 5.05 935.85 5.70 9.90
10.00 50.24 2.75 108.20 3.34 196.18 3.87 319.02 4.37 578.42 5.07 940.57 5.73 10.00
10.10 50.49 2.77 108.74 3.35 197.16 3.89 320.61 4.39 581.30 5.10 945.26 5.76 10.10
10.20 50.74 2.78 109.28 3.37 198.14 3.91 322.19 4.42 584.17 5.12 949.93 5.79 10.20
10.30 50.99 2.80 109.81 3.39 199.10 3.93 323.77 4.44 587.03 5.15 954.57 5.81 10.30
10.40 51.24 2.81 110.35 3.40 200.07 3.95 325.33 4.46 589.87 5.17 959.19 5.84 10.40
10.50 51.48 2.82 110.87 3.42 201.03 3.97 326.89 4.48 592.70 5.20 963.79 5.87 10.50
10.60 51.73 2.84 111.40 3.44 201.98 3.99 328.45 4.50 595.52 5.22 968.37 5.90 10.60
10.70 51.97 2.85 111.93 3.45 202.93 4.00 329.99 4.52 598.32 5.25 972.93 5.93 10.70
10.80 52.21 2.86 112.45 3.47 203.88 4.02 331.53 4.54 601.11 5.27 977.47 5.95 10.80
10.90 52.45 2.88 112.97 3.48 204.82 4.04 333.06 4.56 603.88 5.30 981.98 5.98 10.90
11.00 52.69 2.89 113.48 3.50 205.76 4.06 334.59 4.59 606.65 5.32 986.48 6.01 11.00
11.10 52.93 2.90 114.00 3.52 206.69 4.08 336.10 4.61 609.40 5.35 990.95 6.04 11.10
11.20 53.17 2.91 114.51 3.53 207.62 4.10 337.62 4.63 612.14 5.37 995.40 6.06 11.20
11.30 53.41 2.93 115.02 3.55 208.55 4.12 339.12 4.65 614.86 5.39 999.84 6.09 11.30
11.40 53.64 2.94 115.53 3.56 209.47 4.13 340.62 4.67 617.58 5.42 1,004.25 6.12 11.40
11.50 53.88 2.95 116.03 3.58 210.38 4.15 342.11 4.69 620.28 5.44 1,008.65 6.14 11.50
11.60 54.11 2.97 116.54 3.59 211.30 4.17 343.59 4.71 622.97 5.46 1,013.02 6.17 11.60
11.70 54.34 2.98 117.04 3.61 212.21 4.19 345.07 4.73 625.65 5.49 1,017.38 6.20 11.70
11.80 54.58 2.99 117.54 3.62 213.11 4.21 346.54 4.75 628.32 5.51 1,021.72 6.22 11.80
11.90 54.81 3.00 118.03 3.64 214.01 4.22 348.01 4.77 630.98 5.53 1,026.04 6.25 11.90
12.00 55.04 3.02 118.53 3.66 214.91 4.24 349.47 4.79 633.62 5.56 1,030.34 6.28 12.00
12.10 55.27 3.03 119.02 3.67 215.80 4.26 350.92 4.81 636.26 5.58 1,034.62 6.30 12.10
12.20 55.49 3.04 119.51 3.69 216.69 4.28 352.37 4.83 638.88 5.60 1,038.89 6.33 12.20
12.30 55.72 3.05 120.00 3.70 217.58 4.29 353.81 4.85 641.49 5.63 1,043.14 6.35 12.30
12.40 55.95 3.07 120.49 3.72 218.46 4.31 355.24 4.87 644.10 5.65 1,047.37 6.38 12.40
12.50 56.17 3.08 120.97 3.73 219.34 4.33 356.67 4.89 646.69 5.67 1,051.59 6.41 12.50

n=0.013
0.05 100.32 0.45 143.23 0.49 196.09 0.53 259.70 0.57 334.85 0.61 422.30 0.64 0.05
0.06 109.90 0.49 156.90 0.54 214.80 0.58 284.49 0.62 366.81 0.66 462.61 0.70 0.06
0.07 118.70 0.53 169.48 0.58 232.01 0.63 307.28 0.67 396.20 0.72 499.67 0.76 0.07
0.08 126.90 0.57 181.18 0.62 248.03 0.67 328.50 0.72 423.56 0.77 534.17 0.81 0.08
0.09 134.60 0.60 192.17 0.66 263.08 0.71 348.42 0.76 449.25 0.81 566.58 0.86 0.09
0.10 141.88 0.63 202.56 0.69 277.31 0.75 367.27 0.81 473.55 0.86 597.22 0.91 0.10
0.11 148.80 0.67 212.45 0.73 290.85 0.79 385.20 0.84 496.66 0.90 626.37 0.95 0.11
0.12 155.42 0.70 221.90 0.76 303.78 0.82 402.33 0.88 518.75 0.94 654.22 1.00 0.12
0.13 161.77 0.72 230.96 0.79 316.18 0.86 418.75 0.92 539.93 0.98 680.94 1.04 0.13
0.14 167.87 0.75 239.68 0.82 328.12 0.89 434.56 0.95 560.31 1.02 706.64 1.08 0.14
0.15 173.76 0.78 248.09 0.85 339.63 0.92 449.81 0.99 579.98 1.05 731.45 1.11 0.15
0.16 179.46 0.80 256.22 0.88 350.77 0.95 464.56 1.02 599.00 1.09 755.43 1.15 0.16
0.17 184.99 0.83 264.11 0.90 361.57 0.98 478.86 1.05 617.44 1.12 778.68 1.19 0.17
0.18 190.35 0.85 271.77 0.93 372.05 1.01 492.75 1.08 635.34 1.15 801.26 1.22 0.18
0.19 195.57 0.88 279.21 0.96 382.25 1.03 506.25 1.11 652.75 1.18 823.21 1.25 0.19
0.20 200.65 0.90 286.47 0.98 392.18 1.06 519.40 1.14 669.70 1.21 844.60 1.29 0.20
0.21 205.60 0.92 293.54 1.01 401.86 1.09 532.23 1.17 686.24 1.24 865.46 1.32 0.21
0.22 210.44 0.94 300.45 1.03 411.32 1.11 544.75 1.19 702.39 1.27 885.82 1.35 0.22
0.23 215.17 0.96 307.20 1.05 420.56 1.14 556.99 1.22 718.18 1.30 905.73 1.38 0.23
0.24 219.80 0.98 313.81 1.08 429.61 1.16 568.97 1.25 733.62 1.33 925.21 1.41 0.24
0.25 224.33 1.00 320.28 1.10 438.47 1.19 580.71 1.27 748.75 1.36 944.29 1.44 0.25
0.26 228.77 1.02 326.62 1.12 447.15 1.21 592.21 1.30 763.58 1.38 962.99 1.47 0.26
0.27 233.13 1.04 332.84 1.14 455.67 1.23 603.49 1.32 778.12 1.41 981.34 1.49 0.27
0.28 237.41 1.06 338.95 1.16 464.03 1.26 614.56 1.35 792.40 1.44 999.35 1.52 0.28
0.29 241.61 1.08 344.95 1.18 472.24 1.28 625.44 1.37 806.43 1.46 1,017.03 1.55 0.29
0.30 245.74 1.10 350.85 1.20 480.32 1.30 636.13 1.39 820.21 1.49 1,034.42 1.58 0.30
0.31 249.80 1.12 356.65 1.22 488.26 1.32 646.65 1.42 833.77 1.51 1,051.52 1.60 0.31
0.32 253.80 1.14 362.36 1.24 496.07 1.34 656.99 1.44 847.11 1.54 1,068.34 1.63 0.32
0.33 257.73 1.15 367.97 1.26 503.76 1.36 667.18 1.46 860.25 1.56 1,084.91 1.65 0.33
0.34 261.61 1.17 373.51 1.28 511.34 1.38 677.21 1.48 873.19 1.58 1,101.22 1.68 0.34
0.35 265.43 1.19 378.96 1.30 518.80 1.40 687.10 1.51 885.93 1.61 1,117.30 1.70 0.35
0.36 269.19 1.20 384.34 1.32 526.16 1.42 696.85 1.53 898.50 1.63 1,133.15 1.73 0.36
0.37 272.91 1.22 389.64 1.33 533.42 1.44 706.46 1.55 910.89 1.65 1,148.78 1.75 0.37
0.38 276.57 1.24 394.87 1.35 540.58 1.46 715.94 1.57 923.12 1.67 1,164.20 1.77 0.38
0.39 280.19 1.25 400.03 1.37 547.64 1.48 725.30 1.59 935.19 1.69 1,179.42 1.80 0.39
0.40 283.76 1.27 405.13 1.39 554.62 1.50 734.54 1.61 947.10 1.72 1,194.45 1.82 0.40
0.41 287.28 1.29 410.16 1.41 561.51 1.52 743.67 1.63 958.87 1.74 1,209.28 1.84 0.41
0.42 290.76 1.30 415.13 1.42 568.32 1.54 752.68 1.65 970.49 1.76 1,223.94 1.86 0.42
0.43 294.20 1.32 420.04 1.44 575.04 1.56 761.59 1.67 981.98 1.78 1,238.43 1.89 0.43
0.44 297.61 1.33 424.90 1.46 581.69 1.57 770.39 1.69 993.33 1.80 1,252.75 1.91 0.44
0.45 300.97 1.35 429.70 1.47 588.26 1.59 779.10 1.71 1,004.55 1.82 1,266.90 1.93 0.45
0.46 304.29 1.36 434.45 1.49 594.76 1.61 787.71 1.73 1,015.65 1.84 1,280.90 1.95 0.46
0.47 307.58 1.38 439.15 1.50 601.20 1.63 796.22 1.75 1,026.63 1.86 1,294.75 1.97 0.47
0.48 310.84 1.39 443.79 1.52 607.56 1.64 804.65 1.76 1,037.50 1.88 1,308.45 1.99 0.48
0.49 314.06 1.41 448.39 1.54 613.85 1.66 812.99 1.78 1,048.25 1.90 1,322.01 2.01 0.49
0.50 317.25 1.42 452.94 1.55 620.09 1.68 821.24 1.80 1,058.89 1.92 1,335.43 2.03 0.50
0.51 320.41 1.43 457.45 1.57 626.26 1.70 829.41 1.82 1,069.43 1.94 1,348.72 2.05 0.51
0.52 323.53 1.45 461.91 1.58 632.37 1.71 837.51 1.84 1,079.86 1.96 1,361.88 2.07 0.52
0.53 326.63 1.46 466.33 1.60 638.42 1.73 845.52 1.85 1,090.20 1.98 1,374.91 2.09 0.53
0.54 329.69 1.48 470.71 1.61 644.41 1.74 853.46 1.87 1,100.43 1.99 1,387.82 2.11 0.54
0.55 332.73 1.49 475.05 1.63 650.35 1.76 861.33 1.89 1,110.58 2.01 1,400.61 2.13 0.55
0.56 335.74 1.50 479.35 1.64 656.24 1.78 869.12 1.91 1,120.63 2.03 1,413.29 2.15 0.56
0.57 338.73 1.52 483.61 1.66 662.07 1.79 876.85 1.92 1,130.59 2.05 1,425.85 2.17 0.57
0.58 341.69 1.53 487.84 1.67 667.85 1.81 884.51 1.94 1,140.46 2.07 1,438.30 2.19 0.58
0.59 344.62 1.54 492.02 1.69 673.59 1.82 892.10 1.96 1,150.25 2.08 1,450.65 2.21 0.59
0.60 347.53 1.56 496.18 1.70 679.27 1.84 899.63 1.97 1,159.96 2.10 1,462.89 2.23 0.60
0.61 350.41 1.57 500.29 1.71 684.91 1.85 907.09 1.99 1,169.59 2.12 1,475.03 2.25 0.61
0.62 353.27 1.58 504.38 1.73 690.50 1.87 914.50 2.01 1,179.13 2.14 1,487.07 2.26 0.62
0.63 356.11 1.59 508.43 1.74 696.04 1.88 921.84 2.02 1,188.60 2.15 1,499.02 2.28 0.63
0.64 358.93 1.61 512.45 1.76 701.55 1.90 929.13 2.04 1,198.00 2.17 1,510.87 2.30 0.64
0.65 361.72 1.62 516.44 1.77 707.01 1.91 936.36 2.05 1,207.32 2.19 1,522.63 2.32 0.65
0.66 364.49 1.63 520.39 1.78 712.42 1.93 943.54 2.07 1,216.58 2.20 1,534.29 2.34 0.66
0.67 367.24 1.64 524.32 1.80 717.80 1.94 950.66 2.08 1,225.76 2.22 1,545.87 2.35 0.67
0.68 369.97 1.66 528.22 1.81 723.14 1.96 957.73 2.10 1,234.87 2.24 1,557.37 2.37 0.68
0.69 372.68 1.67 532.09 1.82 728.44 1.97 964.74 2.12 1,243.92 2.25 1,568.78 2.39 0.69
0.70 375.37 1.68 535.93 1.84 733.69 1.99 971.71 2.13 1,252.90 2.27 1,580.10 2.41 0.70
0.71 378.05 1.69 539.75 1.85 738.92 2.00 978.62 2.15 1,261.82 2.29 1,591.35 2.42 0.71
0.72 380.70 1.70 543.53 1.86 744.10 2.01 985.49 2.16 1,270.67 2.30 1,602.52 2.44 0.72
0.73 383.33 1.72 547.29 1.88 749.25 2.03 992.31 2.18 1,279.46 2.32 1,613.61 2.46 0.73
0.74 385.95 1.73 551.03 1.89 754.37 2.04 999.08 2.19 1,288.20 2.33 1,624.62 2.47 0.74
0.75 388.55 1.74 554.74 1.90 759.45 2.06 1,005.81 2.21 1,296.87 2.35 1,635.56 2.49 0.75
0.76 391.13 1.75 558.43 1.91 764.49 2.07 1,012.50 2.22 1,305.49 2.37 1,646.43 2.51 0.76
0.77 393.70 1.76 562.09 1.93 769.51 2.08 1,019.14 2.23 1,314.05 2.38 1,657.23 2.52 0.77
0.78 396.24 1.77 565.73 1.94 774.49 2.10 1,025.73 2.25 1,322.56 2.40 1,667.95 2.54 0.78
0.79 398.78 1.78 569.34 1.95 779.44 2.11 1,032.29 2.26 1,331.01 2.41 1,678.61 2.56 0.79
0.80 401.29 1.80 572.93 1.96 784.35 2.12 1,038.80 2.28 1,339.41 2.43 1,689.20 2.57 0.80
0.81 403.79 1.81 576.50 1.98 789.24 2.14 1,045.27 2.29 1,347.75 2.44 1,699.73 2.59 0.81
0.82 406.28 1.82 580.05 1.99 794.10 2.15 1,051.70 2.31 1,356.04 2.46 1,710.19 2.60 0.82
0.83 408.75 1.83 583.58 2.00 798.92 2.16 1,058.10 2.32 1,364.29 2.47 1,720.58 2.62 0.83
0.84 411.20 1.84 587.08 2.01 803.72 2.18 1,064.45 2.33 1,372.48 2.49 1,730.92 2.64 0.84
0.85 413.64 1.85 590.57 2.02 808.49 2.19 1,070.77 2.35 1,380.63 2.50 1,741.19 2.65 0.85
0.86 416.07 1.86 594.03 2.04 813.23 2.20 1,077.05 2.36 1,388.72 2.52 1,751.40 2.67 0.86
0.87 418.48 1.87 597.47 2.05 817.95 2.21 1,083.29 2.38 1,396.78 2.53 1,761.55 2.68 0.87
0.88 420.88 1.88 600.90 2.06 822.64 2.23 1,089.50 2.39 1,404.78 2.55 1,771.65 2.70 0.88
0.89 423.26 1.89 604.30 2.07 827.30 2.24 1,095.67 2.40 1,412.74 2.56 1,781.69 2.71 0.89
0.90 425.63 1.90 607.69 2.08 831.93 2.25 1,101.81 2.42 1,420.65 2.57 1,791.67 2.73 0.90
0.91 427.99 1.92 611.06 2.09 836.54 2.26 1,107.92 2.43 1,428.52 2.59 1,801.59 2.74 0.91
0.92 430.34 1.93 614.40 2.11 841.12 2.28 1,113.99 2.44 1,436.35 2.60 1,811.47 2.76 0.92
0.93 432.67 1.94 617.73 2.12 845.68 2.29 1,120.03 2.46 1,444.14 2.62 1,821.29 2.77 0.93
0.94 434.99 1.95 621.05 2.13 850.22 2.30 1,126.03 2.47 1,451.88 2.63 1,831.05 2.79 0.94
0.95 437.30 1.96 624.34 2.14 854.73 2.31 1,132.00 2.48 1,459.58 2.65 1,840.76 2.80 0.95
0.96 439.59 1.97 627.62 2.15 859.22 2.33 1,137.95 2.50 1,467.24 2.66 1,850.43 2.82 0.96
0.97 441.88 1.98 630.88 2.16 863.68 2.34 1,143.86 2.51 1,474.87 2.67 1,860.04 2.83 0.97
0.98 444.15 1.99 634.12 2.17 868.12 2.35 1,149.74 2.52 1,482.45 2.69 1,869.60 2.85 0.98
0.99 446.41 2.00 637.35 2.18 872.54 2.36 1,155.59 2.53 1,489.99 2.70 1,879.12 2.86 0.99
1.00 448.66 2.01 640.56 2.19 876.93 2.37 1,161.41 2.55 1,497.50 2.71 1,888.58 2.88 1.00

n=0.013
1.00 448.66 2.01 640.56 2.19 876.93 2.37 1,161.41 2.55 1,497.50 2.71 1,888.58 2.88 1.00
1.02 453.12 2.03 646.93 2.22 885.66 2.40 1,172.97 2.57 1,512.40 2.74 1,907.38 2.90 1.02
1.04 457.54 2.05 653.25 2.24 894.30 2.42 1,184.41 2.60 1,527.16 2.77 1,925.99 2.93 1.04
1.06 461.92 2.07 659.50 2.26 902.86 2.44 1,195.75 2.62 1,541.77 2.79 1,944.42 2.96 1.06
1.08 466.26 2.09 665.69 2.28 911.34 2.47 1,206.98 2.65 1,556.25 2.82 1,962.67 2.99 1.08
1.10 470.56 2.11 671.82 2.30 919.74 2.49 1,218.10 2.67 1,570.59 2.85 1,980.76 3.02 1.10
1.12 474.81 2.12 677.90 2.32 928.06 2.51 1,229.12 2.70 1,584.81 2.87 1,998.69 3.04 1.12
1.14 479.03 2.14 683.93 2.34 936.31 2.53 1,240.05 2.72 1,598.89 2.90 2,016.46 3.07 1.14
1.16 483.22 2.16 689.90 2.36 944.49 2.56 1,250.88 2.74 1,612.86 2.92 2,034.07 3.10 1.16
1.18 487.37 2.18 695.83 2.38 952.59 2.58 1,261.62 2.77 1,626.70 2.95 2,051.53 3.12 1.18
1.20 491.48 2.20 701.70 2.40 960.63 2.60 1,272.26 2.79 1,640.43 2.97 2,068.84 3.15 1.20
1.22 495.56 2.22 707.52 2.42 968.60 2.62 1,282.82 2.81 1,654.04 3.00 2,086.01 3.18 1.22
1.24 499.60 2.24 713.30 2.44 976.51 2.64 1,293.29 2.84 1,667.55 3.02 2,103.04 3.20 1.24
1.26 503.62 2.25 719.03 2.46 984.36 2.66 1,303.68 2.86 1,680.94 3.05 2,119.93 3.23 1.26
1.28 507.60 2.27 724.71 2.48 992.14 2.69 1,313.99 2.88 1,694.23 3.07 2,136.69 3.25 1.28
1.30 511.55 2.29 730.35 2.50 999.86 2.71 1,324.21 2.90 1,707.41 3.09 2,153.32 3.28 1.30
1.32 515.47 2.31 735.95 2.52 1,007.52 2.73 1,334.36 2.93 1,720.50 3.12 2,169.82 3.30 1.32
1.34 519.36 2.32 741.50 2.54 1,015.12 2.75 1,344.43 2.95 1,733.48 3.14 2,186.19 3.33 1.34
1.36 523.22 2.34 747.01 2.56 1,022.67 2.77 1,354.43 2.97 1,746.37 3.16 2,202.45 3.35 1.36
1.38 527.05 2.36 752.49 2.58 1,030.16 2.79 1,364.35 2.99 1,759.16 3.19 2,218.58 3.38 1.38
1.40 530.86 2.38 757.92 2.60 1,037.60 2.81 1,374.20 3.01 1,771.87 3.21 2,234.60 3.40 1.40
1.42 534.64 2.39 763.32 2.62 1,044.99 2.83 1,383.98 3.03 1,784.48 3.23 2,250.51 3.43 1.42
1.44 538.39 2.41 768.67 2.63 1,052.32 2.85 1,393.69 3.06 1,797.00 3.26 2,266.30 3.45 1.44
1.46 542.11 2.43 773.99 2.65 1,059.60 2.87 1,403.34 3.08 1,809.44 3.28 2,281.99 3.47 1.46
1.48 545.81 2.44 779.27 2.67 1,066.84 2.89 1,412.92 3.10 1,821.79 3.30 2,297.56 3.50 1.48
1.50 549.49 2.46 784.52 2.69 1,074.02 2.91 1,422.43 3.12 1,834.06 3.32 2,313.03 3.52 1.50
1.52 553.14 2.48 789.74 2.71 1,081.16 2.93 1,431.89 3.14 1,846.24 3.35 2,328.40 3.55 1.52
1.54 556.77 2.49 794.91 2.72 1,088.25 2.95 1,441.27 3.16 1,858.35 3.37 2,343.67 3.57 1.54
1.56 560.37 2.51 800.06 2.74 1,095.29 2.97 1,450.60 3.18 1,870.38 3.39 2,358.84 3.59 1.56
1.58 563.95 2.52 805.17 2.76 1,102.29 2.98 1,459.87 3.20 1,882.33 3.41 2,373.91 3.61 1.58
1.60 567.51 2.54 810.25 2.78 1,109.24 3.00 1,469.08 3.22 1,894.20 3.43 2,388.89 3.64 1.60
1.62 571.05 2.56 815.30 2.79 1,116.15 3.02 1,478.24 3.24 1,906.01 3.45 2,403.78 3.66 1.62
1.64 574.56 2.57 820.32 2.81 1,123.02 3.04 1,487.33 3.26 1,917.74 3.48 2,418.57 3.68 1.64
1.66 578.05 2.59 825.30 2.83 1,129.85 3.06 1,496.38 3.28 1,929.39 3.50 2,433.27 3.71 1.66
1.68 581.53 2.60 830.26 2.84 1,136.64 3.08 1,505.36 3.30 1,940.98 3.52 2,447.89 3.73 1.68
1.70 584.98 2.62 835.19 2.86 1,143.38 3.10 1,514.30 3.32 1,952.50 3.54 2,462.41 3.75 1.70
1.72 588.41 2.63 840.09 2.88 1,150.09 3.11 1,523.18 3.34 1,963.95 3.56 2,476.86 3.77 1.72
1.74 591.82 2.65 844.96 2.90 1,156.75 3.13 1,532.01 3.36 1,975.34 3.58 2,491.21 3.79 1.74
1.76 595.21 2.66 849.80 2.91 1,163.38 3.15 1,540.79 3.38 1,986.66 3.60 2,505.49 3.82 1.76
1.78 598.58 2.68 854.61 2.93 1,169.97 3.17 1,549.52 3.40 1,997.91 3.62 2,519.69 3.84 1.78
1.80 601.94 2.69 859.40 2.94 1,176.53 3.19 1,558.20 3.42 2,009.11 3.64 2,533.80 3.86 1.80
1.82 605.27 2.71 864.16 2.96 1,183.05 3.20 1,566.83 3.44 2,020.24 3.66 2,547.84 3.88 1.82
1.84 608.59 2.72 868.90 2.98 1,189.53 3.22 1,575.42 3.45 2,031.31 3.68 2,561.80 3.90 1.84
1.86 611.89 2.74 873.61 2.99 1,195.98 3.24 1,583.96 3.47 2,042.32 3.70 2,575.69 3.92 1.86
1.88 615.17 2.75 878.29 3.01 1,202.39 3.26 1,592.45 3.49 2,053.27 3.72 2,589.50 3.94 1.88
1.90 618.43 2.77 882.95 3.03 1,208.77 3.27 1,600.90 3.51 2,064.16 3.74 2,603.23 3.96 1.90
1.92 621.68 2.78 887.59 3.04 1,215.11 3.29 1,609.30 3.53 2,075.00 3.76 2,616.90 3.98 1.92
1.94 624.91 2.80 892.20 3.06 1,221.43 3.31 1,617.66 3.55 2,085.78 3.78 2,630.49 4.01 1.94
1.96 628.12 2.81 896.78 3.07 1,227.71 3.32 1,625.98 3.57 2,096.50 3.80 2,644.02 4.03 1.96
1.98 631.32 2.83 901.35 3.09 1,233.95 3.34 1,634.25 3.58 2,107.17 3.82 2,657.47 4.05 1.98
2.00 634.50 2.84 905.89 3.10 1,240.17 3.36 1,642.49 3.60 2,117.79 3.84 2,670.86 4.07 2.00
2.02 637.66 2.85 910.41 3.12 1,246.36 3.37 1,650.68 3.62 2,128.35 3.86 2,684.18 4.09 2.02
2.04 640.81 2.87 914.90 3.13 1,252.51 3.39 1,658.83 3.64 2,138.86 3.88 2,697.44 4.11 2.04
2.06 643.94 2.88 919.38 3.15 1,258.64 3.41 1,666.94 3.66 2,149.32 3.90 2,710.63 4.13 2.06
2.08 647.06 2.90 923.83 3.17 1,264.73 3.42 1,675.01 3.67 2,159.73 3.91 2,723.76 4.15 2.08
2.10 650.17 2.91 928.26 3.18 1,270.80 3.44 1,683.05 3.69 2,170.08 3.93 2,736.82 4.17 2.10
2.12 653.25 2.92 932.67 3.20 1,276.83 3.46 1,691.04 3.71 2,180.39 3.95 2,749.82 4.19 2.12
2.14 656.33 2.94 937.06 3.21 1,282.84 3.47 1,699.00 3.73 2,190.65 3.97 2,762.76 4.21 2.14
2.16 659.39 2.95 941.43 3.23 1,288.82 3.49 1,706.92 3.74 2,200.87 3.99 2,775.64 4.23 2.16
2.18 662.43 2.96 945.78 3.24 1,294.78 3.51 1,714.80 3.76 2,211.03 4.01 2,788.46 4.25 2.18
2.20 665.47 2.98 950.10 3.26 1,300.70 3.52 1,722.65 3.78 2,221.15 4.03 2,801.22 4.27 2.20
2.22 668.48 2.99 954.41 3.27 1,306.60 3.54 1,730.47 3.79 2,231.23 4.04 2,813.93 4.28 2.22
2.24 671.49 3.00 958.70 3.28 1,312.47 3.55 1,738.24 3.81 2,241.25 4.06 2,826.57 4.30 2.24
2.26 674.48 3.02 962.97 3.30 1,318.32 3.57 1,745.99 3.83 2,251.24 4.08 2,839.17 4.32 2.26
2.28 677.46 3.03 967.22 3.31 1,324.14 3.58 1,753.69 3.85 2,261.18 4.10 2,851.70 4.34 2.28
2.30 680.42 3.04 971.46 3.33 1,329.93 3.60 1,761.37 3.86 2,271.07 4.12 2,864.18 4.36 2.30
2.32 683.37 3.06 975.67 3.34 1,335.70 3.62 1,769.01 3.88 2,280.92 4.13 2,876.61 4.38 2.32
2.34 686.31 3.07 979.87 3.36 1,341.45 3.63 1,776.62 3.90 2,290.74 4.15 2,888.98 4.40 2.34
2.36 689.24 3.08 984.05 3.37 1,347.17 3.65 1,784.20 3.91 2,300.50 4.17 2,901.30 4.42 2.36
2.38 692.15 3.10 988.21 3.39 1,352.87 3.66 1,791.74 3.93 2,310.23 4.19 2,913.57 4.44 2.38
2.40 695.06 3.11 992.35 3.40 1,358.54 3.68 1,799.25 3.95 2,319.92 4.20 2,925.78 4.46 2.40
2.42 697.95 3.12 996.48 3.41 1,364.19 3.69 1,806.73 3.96 2,329.56 4.22 2,937.95 4.47 2.42
2.44 700.82 3.14 1,000.59 3.43 1,369.81 3.71 1,814.18 3.98 2,339.17 4.24 2,950.06 4.49 2.44
2.46 703.69 3.15 1,004.68 3.44 1,375.42 3.72 1,821.60 3.99 2,348.74 4.26 2,962.13 4.51 2.46
2.48 706.55 3.16 1,008.75 3.46 1,381.00 3.74 1,828.99 4.01 2,358.27 4.27 2,974.15 4.53 2.48
2.50 709.39 3.17 1,012.81 3.47 1,386.55 3.75 1,836.35 4.03 2,367.76 4.29 2,986.11 4.55 2.50
2.52 712.22 3.19 1,016.86 3.48 1,392.09 3.77 1,843.69 4.04 2,377.21 4.31 2,998.04 4.57 2.52
2.54 715.04 3.20 1,020.88 3.50 1,397.60 3.78 1,850.99 4.06 2,386.62 4.33 3,009.91 4.58 2.54
2.56 717.85 3.21 1,024.90 3.51 1,403.09 3.80 1,858.26 4.07 2,396.00 4.34 3,021.74 4.60 2.56
2.58 720.65 3.22 1,028.89 3.53 1,408.56 3.81 1,865.50 4.09 2,405.34 4.36 3,033.52 4.62 2.58
2.60 723.44 3.24 1,032.87 3.54 1,414.01 3.83 1,872.72 4.11 2,414.65 4.38 3,045.25 4.64 2.60
2.62 726.21 3.25 1,036.84 3.55 1,419.44 3.84 1,879.91 4.12 2,423.92 4.39 3,056.94 4.66 2.62
2.64 728.98 3.26 1,040.79 3.57 1,424.85 3.86 1,887.07 4.14 2,433.15 4.41 3,068.59 4.67 2.64
2.66 731.74 3.27 1,044.72 3.58 1,430.23 3.87 1,894.21 4.15 2,442.35 4.43 3,080.19 4.69 2.66
2.68 734.48 3.29 1,048.64 3.59 1,435.60 3.89 1,901.31 4.17 2,451.51 4.44 3,091.75 4.71 2.68
2.70 737.22 3.30 1,052.55 3.61 1,440.95 3.90 1,908.40 4.18 2,460.64 4.46 3,103.26 4.73 2.70
2.72 739.94 3.31 1,056.44 3.62 1,446.28 3.92 1,915.45 4.20 2,469.74 4.48 3,114.73 4.74 2.72
2.74 742.66 3.32 1,060.32 3.63 1,451.58 3.93 1,922.48 4.22 2,478.80 4.49 3,126.16 4.76 2.74
2.76 745.37 3.34 1,064.18 3.65 1,456.87 3.94 1,929.48 4.23 2,487.83 4.51 3,137.55 4.78 2.76
2.78 748.06 3.35 1,068.03 3.66 1,462.14 3.96 1,936.46 4.25 2,496.83 4.52 3,148.90 4.80 2.78
2.80 750.75 3.36 1,071.86 3.67 1,467.39 3.97 1,943.41 4.26 2,505.80 4.54 3,160.21 4.81 2.80
2.82 753.42 3.37 1,075.68 3.69 1,472.62 3.99 1,950.34 4.28 2,514.73 4.56 3,171.47 4.83 2.82
2.84 756.09 3.38 1,079.49 3.70 1,477.83 4.00 1,957.25 4.29 2,523.63 4.57 3,182.70 4.85 2.84
2.86 758.75 3.40 1,083.29 3.71 1,483.03 4.01 1,964.13 4.31 2,532.50 4.59 3,193.89 4.86 2.86
2.88 761.40 3.41 1,087.07 3.72 1,488.20 4.03 1,970.98 4.32 2,541.34 4.61 3,205.03 4.88 2.88
2.90 764.04 3.42 1,090.83 3.74 1,493.36 4.04 1,977.81 4.34 2,550.15 4.62 3,216.14 4.90 2.90
2.92 766.67 3.43 1,094.59 3.75 1,498.50 4.06 1,984.62 4.35 2,558.93 4.64 3,227.21 4.91 2.92
2.94 769.29 3.44 1,098.33 3.76 1,503.63 4.07 1,991.41 4.37 2,567.68 4.65 3,238.25 4.93 2.94
2.96 771.90 3.45 1,102.06 3.78 1,508.73 4.08 1,998.17 4.38 2,576.40 4.67 3,249.24 4.95 2.96
2.98 774.50 3.47 1,105.78 3.79 1,513.82 4.10 2,004.91 4.40 2,585.09 4.68 3,260.20 4.96 2.98
3.00 777.10 3.48 1,109.48 3.80 1,518.89 4.11 2,011.63 4.41 2,593.75 4.70 3,271.12 4.98 3.00

n=0.013
3.00 777.10 3.48 1,109.48 3.80 1,518.89 4.11 2,011.63 4.41 2,593.75 4.70 3,271.12 4.98 3.00
3.10 789.94 3.54 1,127.82 3.86 1,544.00 4.18 2,044.88 4.48 2,636.62 4.78 3,325.20 5.06 3.10
3.20 802.58 3.59 1,145.87 3.93 1,568.71 4.25 2,077.60 4.56 2,678.81 4.85 3,378.40 5.14 3.20
3.30 815.03 3.65 1,163.63 3.99 1,593.03 4.31 2,109.81 4.63 2,720.34 4.93 3,430.78 5.22 3.30
3.40 827.28 3.70 1,181.13 4.05 1,616.98 4.38 2,141.54 4.70 2,761.25 5.00 3,482.38 5.30 3.40
3.50 839.36 3.76 1,198.38 4.11 1,640.59 4.44 2,172.80 4.76 2,801.57 5.08 3,533.22 5.38 3.50
3.60 851.27 3.81 1,215.38 4.16 1,663.86 4.50 2,203.63 4.83 2,841.31 5.15 3,583.34 5.46 3.60
3.70 863.01 3.86 1,232.14 4.22 1,686.81 4.57 2,234.02 4.90 2,880.50 5.22 3,632.77 5.53 3.70
3.80 874.59 3.91 1,248.68 4.28 1,709.46 4.63 2,264.01 4.96 2,919.17 5.29 3,681.53 5.61 3.80
3.90 886.03 3.97 1,265.00 4.33 1,731.80 4.69 2,293.61 5.03 2,957.33 5.36 3,729.66 5.68 3.90
4.00 897.31 4.02 1,281.12 4.39 1,753.87 4.75 2,322.82 5.09 2,995.00 5.43 3,777.17 5.75 4.00
4.10 908.46 4.07 1,297.03 4.44 1,775.65 4.81 2,351.68 5.16 3,032.21 5.50 3,824.09 5.82 4.10
4.20 919.47 4.11 1,312.76 4.50 1,797.18 4.87 2,380.19 5.22 3,068.96 5.56 3,870.45 5.89 4.20
4.30 930.36 4.16 1,328.29 4.55 1,818.45 4.92 2,408.36 5.28 3,105.28 5.63 3,916.25 5.96 4.30
4.40 941.11 4.21 1,343.65 4.60 1,839.47 4.98 2,436.20 5.34 3,141.18 5.69 3,961.53 6.03 4.40
4.50 951.75 4.26 1,358.83 4.66 1,860.26 5.04 2,463.73 5.40 3,176.68 5.76 4,006.29 6.10 4.50
4.60 962.26 4.31 1,373.85 4.71 1,880.81 5.09 2,490.95 5.46 3,211.78 5.82 4,050.56 6.17 4.60
4.70 972.67 4.35 1,388.70 4.76 1,901.15 5.15 2,517.88 5.52 3,246.50 5.88 4,094.35 6.23 4.70
4.80 982.96 4.40 1,403.40 4.81 1,921.26 5.20 2,544.53 5.58 3,280.86 5.95 4,137.68 6.30 4.80
4.90 993.14 4.44 1,417.94 4.86 1,941.17 5.26 2,570.90 5.64 3,314.86 6.01 4,180.56 6.37 4.90
5.00 1,003.23 4.49 1,432.34 4.91 1,960.88 5.31 2,597.00 5.69 3,348.51 6.07 4,223.00 6.43 5.00
5.10 1,013.21 4.53 1,446.59 4.96 1,980.39 5.36 2,622.84 5.75 3,381.83 6.13 4,265.02 6.49 5.10
5.20 1,023.10 4.58 1,460.70 5.00 1,999.72 5.41 2,648.43 5.81 3,414.83 6.19 4,306.64 6.56 5.20
5.30 1,032.89 4.62 1,474.68 5.05 2,018.85 5.47 2,673.77 5.86 3,447.50 6.25 4,347.85 6.62 5.30
5.40 1,042.58 4.67 1,488.53 5.10 2,037.81 5.52 2,698.88 5.92 3,479.88 6.31 4,388.67 6.68 5.40
5.50 1,052.19 4.71 1,502.25 5.15 2,056.59 5.57 2,723.75 5.97 3,511.95 6.36 4,429.12 6.74 5.50
5.60 1,061.72 4.75 1,515.84 5.19 2,075.20 5.62 2,748.40 6.03 3,543.73 6.42 4,469.21 6.81 5.60
5.70 1,071.15 4.79 1,529.32 5.24 2,093.65 5.67 2,772.83 6.08 3,575.23 6.48 4,508.93 6.87 5.70
5.80 1,080.51 4.84 1,542.67 5.29 2,111.93 5.72 2,797.05 6.13 3,606.46 6.54 4,548.31 6.93 5.80
5.90 1,089.78 4.88 1,555.91 5.33 2,130.06 5.77 2,821.06 6.19 3,637.42 6.59 4,587.36 6.99 5.90
6.00 1,098.98 4.92 1,569.04 5.38 2,148.04 5.82 2,844.87 6.24 3,668.11 6.65 4,626.07 7.04 6.00

n=0.013
0.01 233.80 0.30 284.88 0.32 406.73 0.35 556.82 0.38 737.45 0.40 950.85 0.43 0.01
0.02 330.64 0.43 402.88 0.45 575.20 0.49 787.46 0.53 1,042.91 0.57 1,344.71 0.61 0.02
0.03 404.94 0.53 493.43 0.55 704.48 0.60 964.44 0.65 1,277.30 0.70 1,646.93 0.75 0.03
0.04 467.59 0.61 569.76 0.64 813.46 0.70 1,113.64 0.75 1,474.90 0.81 1,901.71 0.86 0.04
0.05 522.78 0.68 637.01 0.71 909.48 0.78 1,245.08 0.84 1,648.99 0.90 2,126.17 0.96 0.05
0.06 572.68 0.74 697.81 0.78 996.28 0.85 1,363.92 0.92 1,806.38 0.99 2,329.11 1.06 0.06
0.07 618.56 0.80 753.72 0.84 1,076.11 0.92 1,473.20 1.00 1,951.11 1.07 2,515.72 1.14 0.07
0.08 661.27 0.86 805.76 0.90 1,150.41 0.99 1,574.92 1.07 2,085.83 1.14 2,689.42 1.22 0.08
0.09 701.39 0.91 854.64 0.96 1,220.19 1.05 1,670.45 1.13 2,212.35 1.21 2,852.56 1.29 0.09
0.10 739.33 0.96 900.87 1.01 1,286.19 1.10 1,760.81 1.19 2,332.02 1.28 3,006.86 1.36 0.10
0.11 775.41 1.01 944.84 1.06 1,348.97 1.16 1,846.76 1.25 2,445.85 1.34 3,153.62 1.43 0.11
0.12 809.89 1.05 986.85 1.10 1,408.95 1.21 1,928.87 1.31 2,554.60 1.40 3,293.85 1.49 0.12
0.13 842.96 1.09 1,027.15 1.15 1,466.49 1.26 2,007.64 1.36 2,658.92 1.46 3,428.35 1.55 0.13
0.14 874.78 1.14 1,065.92 1.19 1,521.85 1.30 2,083.42 1.41 2,759.29 1.51 3,557.77 1.61 0.14
0.15 905.48 1.17 1,103.33 1.23 1,575.26 1.35 2,156.55 1.46 2,856.14 1.57 3,682.64 1.67 0.15
0.16 935.18 1.21 1,139.52 1.27 1,626.92 1.39 2,227.27 1.51 2,949.80 1.62 3,803.41 1.72 0.16
0.17 963.96 1.25 1,174.59 1.31 1,676.99 1.44 2,295.82 1.55 3,040.59 1.67 3,920.47 1.78 0.17
0.18 991.91 1.29 1,208.64 1.35 1,725.61 1.48 2,362.38 1.60 3,128.74 1.72 4,034.13 1.83 0.18
0.19 1,019.09 1.32 1,241.76 1.39 1,772.90 1.52 2,427.11 1.64 3,214.47 1.76 4,144.67 1.88 0.19
0.20 1,045.56 1.36 1,274.02 1.43 1,818.95 1.56 2,490.17 1.69 3,297.98 1.81 4,252.35 1.93 0.20
0.21 1,071.38 1.39 1,305.48 1.46 1,863.87 1.60 2,551.66 1.73 3,379.42 1.85 4,357.36 1.97 0.21
0.22 1,096.60 1.42 1,336.20 1.49 1,907.73 1.63 2,611.71 1.77 3,458.95 1.90 4,459.90 2.02 0.22
0.23 1,121.24 1.45 1,366.23 1.53 1,950.61 1.67 2,670.40 1.81 3,536.69 1.94 4,560.13 2.07 0.23
0.24 1,145.36 1.49 1,395.62 1.56 1,992.56 1.71 2,727.84 1.85 3,612.76 1.98 4,658.21 2.11 0.24
0.25 1,168.98 1.52 1,424.40 1.59 2,033.65 1.74 2,784.09 1.88 3,687.25 2.02 4,754.27 2.15 0.25
0.26 1,192.13 1.55 1,452.61 1.63 2,073.93 1.78 2,839.23 1.92 3,760.28 2.06 4,848.42 2.20 0.26
0.27 1,214.83 1.58 1,480.28 1.66 2,113.43 1.81 2,893.31 1.96 3,831.91 2.10 4,940.78 2.24 0.27
0.28 1,237.13 1.61 1,507.44 1.69 2,152.21 1.84 2,946.40 1.99 3,902.22 2.14 5,031.44 2.28 0.28
0.29 1,259.03 1.63 1,534.12 1.72 2,190.31 1.88 2,998.56 2.03 3,971.29 2.18 5,120.50 2.32 0.29
0.30 1,280.55 1.66 1,560.35 1.75 2,227.75 1.91 3,049.82 2.06 4,039.18 2.21 5,208.04 2.36 0.30
0.31 1,301.72 1.69 1,586.14 1.77 2,264.58 1.94 3,100.23 2.10 4,105.95 2.25 5,294.13 2.40 0.31
0.32 1,322.54 1.72 1,611.52 1.80 2,300.81 1.97 3,149.84 2.13 4,171.65 2.29 5,378.84 2.44 0.32
0.33 1,343.05 1.74 1,636.51 1.83 2,336.49 2.00 3,198.67 2.16 4,236.33 2.32 5,462.24 2.47 0.33
0.34 1,363.25 1.77 1,661.12 1.86 2,371.62 2.03 3,246.78 2.20 4,300.04 2.36 5,544.38 2.51 0.34
0.35 1,383.15 1.79 1,685.37 1.89 2,406.25 2.06 3,294.18 2.23 4,362.82 2.39 5,625.33 2.55 0.35
0.36 1,402.77 1.82 1,709.28 1.91 2,440.38 2.09 3,340.91 2.26 4,424.71 2.43 5,705.12 2.58 0.36
0.37 1,422.12 1.85 1,732.85 1.94 2,474.04 2.12 3,386.99 2.29 4,485.74 2.46 5,783.82 2.62 0.37
0.38 1,441.21 1.87 1,756.12 1.96 2,507.25 2.15 3,432.46 2.32 4,545.95 2.49 5,861.45 2.66 0.38
0.39 1,460.05 1.89 1,779.07 1.99 2,540.03 2.18 3,477.33 2.35 4,605.38 2.52 5,938.08 2.69 0.39
0.40 1,478.65 1.92 1,801.74 2.02 2,572.39 2.20 3,521.63 2.38 4,664.05 2.56 6,013.73 2.72 0.40
0.41 1,497.02 1.94 1,824.12 2.04 2,604.34 2.23 3,565.37 2.41 4,721.99 2.59 6,088.43 2.76 0.41
0.42 1,515.17 1.97 1,846.23 2.07 2,635.91 2.26 3,608.59 2.44 4,779.23 2.62 6,162.23 2.79 0.42
0.43 1,533.10 1.99 1,868.08 2.09 2,667.11 2.28 3,651.30 2.47 4,835.79 2.65 6,235.16 2.82 0.43
0.44 1,550.82 2.01 1,889.68 2.11 2,697.94 2.31 3,693.51 2.50 4,891.70 2.68 6,307.25 2.86 0.44
0.45 1,568.35 2.03 1,911.03 2.14 2,728.43 2.34 3,735.25 2.53 4,946.97 2.71 6,378.52 2.89 0.45
0.46 1,585.68 2.06 1,932.15 2.16 2,758.58 2.36 3,776.52 2.56 5,001.64 2.74 6,449.00 2.92 0.46
0.47 1,602.82 2.08 1,953.04 2.19 2,788.40 2.39 3,817.35 2.58 5,055.71 2.77 6,518.72 2.95 0.47
0.48 1,619.78 2.10 1,973.70 2.21 2,817.91 2.41 3,857.75 2.61 5,109.21 2.80 6,587.71 2.98 0.48
0.49 1,636.57 2.12 1,994.16 2.23 2,847.11 2.44 3,897.72 2.64 5,162.16 2.83 6,655.97 3.02 0.49
0.50 1,653.18 2.15 2,014.40 2.25 2,876.02 2.46 3,937.30 2.66 5,214.57 2.86 6,723.55 3.05 0.50
0.51 1,669.63 2.17 2,034.45 2.28 2,904.63 2.49 3,976.47 2.69 5,266.45 2.89 6,790.45 3.08 0.51
0.52 1,685.92 2.19 2,054.30 2.30 2,932.97 2.51 4,015.27 2.72 5,317.83 2.92 6,856.70 3.11 0.52
0.53 1,702.05 2.21 2,073.95 2.32 2,961.04 2.54 4,053.70 2.74 5,368.72 2.94 6,922.32 3.14 0.53
0.54 1,718.04 2.23 2,093.43 2.34 2,988.84 2.56 4,091.76 2.77 5,419.14 2.97 6,987.32 3.17 0.54
0.55 1,733.87 2.25 2,112.72 2.36 3,016.39 2.58 4,129.47 2.79 5,469.08 3.00 7,051.72 3.19 0.55
0.56 1,749.56 2.27 2,131.84 2.39 3,043.69 2.61 4,166.84 2.82 5,518.58 3.03 7,115.54 3.22 0.56
0.57 1,765.11 2.29 2,150.79 2.41 3,070.75 2.63 4,203.88 2.85 5,567.63 3.05 7,178.79 3.25 0.57
0.58 1,780.53 2.31 2,169.58 2.43 3,097.56 2.65 4,240.60 2.87 5,616.26 3.08 7,241.48 3.28 0.58
0.59 1,795.81 2.33 2,188.20 2.45 3,124.15 2.68 4,277.00 2.89 5,664.47 3.11 7,303.64 3.31 0.59
0.60 1,810.97 2.35 2,206.67 2.47 3,150.52 2.70 4,313.09 2.92 5,712.27 3.13 7,365.28 3.34 0.60
0.61 1,826.00 2.37 2,224.98 2.49 3,176.66 2.72 4,348.89 2.94 5,759.68 3.16 7,426.40 3.36 0.61
0.62 1,840.90 2.39 2,243.14 2.51 3,202.60 2.74 4,384.39 2.97 5,806.69 3.18 7,487.03 3.39 0.62
0.63 1,855.69 2.41 2,261.16 2.53 3,228.32 2.77 4,419.60 2.99 5,853.34 3.21 7,547.17 3.42 0.63
0.64 1,870.36 2.43 2,279.04 2.55 3,253.84 2.79 4,454.54 3.01 5,899.61 3.23 7,606.83 3.45 0.64
0.65 1,884.92 2.45 2,296.77 2.57 3,279.16 2.81 4,489.21 3.04 5,945.52 3.26 7,666.03 3.47 0.65
0.66 1,899.36 2.46 2,314.37 2.59 3,304.29 2.83 4,523.61 3.06 5,991.08 3.28 7,724.77 3.50 0.66
0.67 1,913.70 2.48 2,331.84 2.61 3,329.23 2.85 4,557.75 3.08 6,036.30 3.31 7,783.07 3.53 0.67
0.68 1,927.92 2.50 2,349.18 2.63 3,353.98 2.87 4,591.64 3.11 6,081.18 3.33 7,840.94 3.55 0.68
0.69 1,942.05 2.52 2,366.39 2.65 3,378.55 2.89 4,625.28 3.13 6,125.73 3.36 7,898.38 3.58 0.69
0.70 1,956.07 2.54 2,383.47 2.67 3,402.95 2.91 4,658.67 3.15 6,169.96 3.38 7,955.41 3.60 0.70
0.71 1,969.99 2.56 2,400.44 2.69 3,427.17 2.94 4,691.83 3.18 6,213.87 3.41 8,012.03 3.63 0.71
0.72 1,983.82 2.57 2,417.28 2.70 3,451.22 2.96 4,724.76 3.20 6,257.48 3.43 8,068.26 3.66 0.72
0.73 1,997.55 2.59 2,434.01 2.72 3,475.10 2.98 4,757.45 3.22 6,300.78 3.45 8,124.10 3.68 0.73
0.74 2,011.18 2.61 2,450.63 2.74 3,498.83 3.00 4,789.93 3.24 6,343.79 3.48 8,179.55 3.71 0.74
0.75 2,024.72 2.63 2,467.13 2.76 3,522.39 3.02 4,822.18 3.26 6,386.51 3.50 8,234.63 3.73 0.75
0.76 2,038.18 2.64 2,483.52 2.78 3,545.79 3.04 4,854.23 3.29 6,428.95 3.52 8,289.35 3.76 0.76
0.77 2,051.54 2.66 2,499.81 2.80 3,569.04 3.06 4,886.06 3.31 6,471.11 3.55 8,343.71 3.78 0.77
0.78 2,064.82 2.68 2,515.99 2.81 3,592.14 3.08 4,917.68 3.33 6,512.99 3.57 8,397.71 3.80 0.78
0.79 2,078.02 2.70 2,532.06 2.83 3,615.10 3.10 4,949.11 3.35 6,554.61 3.59 8,451.37 3.83 0.79
0.80 2,091.13 2.71 2,548.04 2.85 3,637.91 3.12 4,980.33 3.37 6,595.96 3.62 8,504.69 3.85 0.80
0.81 2,104.16 2.73 2,563.92 2.87 3,660.57 3.14 5,011.36 3.39 6,637.06 3.64 8,557.68 3.88 0.81
0.82 2,117.10 2.75 2,579.69 2.89 3,683.10 3.15 5,042.20 3.41 6,677.90 3.66 8,610.34 3.90 0.82
0.83 2,129.97 2.76 2,595.38 2.90 3,705.49 3.17 5,072.85 3.43 6,718.50 3.68 8,662.69 3.92 0.83
0.84 2,142.77 2.78 2,610.96 2.92 3,727.74 3.19 5,103.32 3.45 6,758.85 3.71 8,714.72 3.95 0.84
0.85 2,155.48 2.80 2,626.46 2.94 3,749.87 3.21 5,133.61 3.47 6,798.96 3.73 8,766.44 3.97 0.85
0.86 2,168.13 2.81 2,641.86 2.96 3,771.86 3.23 5,163.72 3.49 6,838.84 3.75 8,817.85 4.00 0.86
0.87 2,180.70 2.83 2,657.18 2.97 3,793.73 3.25 5,193.65 3.52 6,878.48 3.77 8,868.97 4.02 0.87
0.88 2,193.19 2.85 2,672.41 2.99 3,815.47 3.27 5,223.41 3.54 6,917.90 3.79 8,919.80 4.04 0.88
0.89 2,205.62 2.86 2,687.55 3.01 3,837.08 3.29 5,253.01 3.56 6,957.10 3.81 8,970.33 4.06 0.89
0.90 2,217.98 2.88 2,702.60 3.02 3,858.58 3.31 5,282.44 3.58 6,996.07 3.84 9,020.59 4.09 0.90
0.91 2,230.26 2.89 2,717.58 3.04 3,879.96 3.32 5,311.70 3.59 7,034.83 3.86 9,070.56 4.11 0.91
0.92 2,242.48 2.91 2,732.47 3.06 3,901.22 3.34 5,340.81 3.61 7,073.38 3.88 9,120.27 4.13 0.92
0.93 2,254.64 2.93 2,747.28 3.07 3,922.36 3.36 5,369.76 3.63 7,111.72 3.90 9,169.70 4.15 0.93
0.94 2,266.73 2.94 2,762.01 3.09 3,943.40 3.38 5,398.55 3.65 7,149.85 3.92 9,218.87 4.18 0.94
0.95 2,278.75 2.96 2,776.66 3.11 3,964.32 3.40 5,427.19 3.67 7,187.78 3.94 9,267.77 4.20 0.95
0.96 2,290.71 2.97 2,791.24 3.12 3,985.13 3.41 5,455.68 3.69 7,225.51 3.96 9,316.42 4.22 0.96
0.97 2,302.61 2.99 2,805.74 3.14 4,005.83 3.43 5,484.02 3.71 7,263.05 3.98 9,364.82 4.24 0.97
0.98 2,314.45 3.00 2,820.16 3.16 4,026.42 3.45 5,512.22 3.73 7,300.39 4.00 9,412.97 4.26 0.98
0.99 2,326.23 3.02 2,834.52 3.17 4,046.91 3.47 5,540.27 3.75 7,337.54 4.02 9,460.87 4.29 0.99
1.00 2,337.95 3.03 2,848.80 3.19 4,067.30 3.48 5,568.18 3.77 7,374.51 4.04 9,508.53 4.31 1.00

n=0.013
1.00 2,337.95 3.03 2,848.80 3.19 4,067.30 3.48 5,568.18 3.77 7,374.51 4.04 9,508.53 4.31 1.00
1.01 2,349.61 3.05 2,863.00 3.20 4,087.59 3.50 5,595.95 3.79 7,411.29 4.06 9,555.96 4.33 1.01
1.02 2,361.21 3.06 2,877.14 3.22 4,107.77 3.52 5,623.58 3.81 7,447.89 4.08 9,603.15 4.35 1.02
1.03 2,372.76 3.08 2,891.21 3.23 4,127.86 3.54 5,651.08 3.82 7,484.31 4.10 9,650.11 4.37 1.03
1.04 2,384.25 3.09 2,905.21 3.25 4,147.85 3.55 5,678.45 3.84 7,520.55 4.12 9,696.84 4.39 1.04
1.05 2,395.69 3.11 2,919.15 3.27 4,167.74 3.57 5,705.68 3.86 7,556.62 4.14 9,743.35 4.41 1.05
1.06 2,407.07 3.12 2,933.01 3.28 4,187.54 3.59 5,732.79 3.88 7,592.52 4.16 9,789.64 4.44 1.06
1.07 2,418.40 3.14 2,946.82 3.30 4,207.25 3.60 5,759.77 3.90 7,628.25 4.18 9,835.71 4.46 1.07
1.08 2,429.67 3.15 2,960.55 3.31 4,226.86 3.62 5,786.62 3.92 7,663.81 4.20 9,881.56 4.48 1.08
1.09 2,440.89 3.17 2,974.23 3.33 4,246.39 3.64 5,813.35 3.93 7,699.21 4.22 9,927.20 4.50 1.09
1.10 2,452.06 3.18 2,987.84 3.34 4,265.82 3.65 5,839.95 3.95 7,734.45 4.24 9,972.64 4.52 1.10
1.11 2,463.18 3.20 3,001.39 3.36 4,285.17 3.67 5,866.44 3.97 7,769.53 4.26 10,017.86 4.54 1.11
1.12 2,474.25 3.21 3,014.88 3.37 4,304.43 3.69 5,892.81 3.99 7,804.45 4.28 10,062.89 4.56 1.12
1.13 2,485.28 3.22 3,028.31 3.39 4,323.60 3.70 5,919.05 4.01 7,839.21 4.30 10,107.71 4.58 1.13
1.14 2,496.25 3.24 3,041.68 3.40 4,342.69 3.72 5,945.19 4.02 7,873.82 4.32 10,152.34 4.60 1.14
1.15 2,507.17 3.25 3,054.99 3.42 4,361.70 3.74 5,971.21 4.04 7,908.28 4.34 10,196.77 4.62 1.15
1.16 2,518.05 3.27 3,068.25 3.43 4,380.62 3.75 5,997.11 4.06 7,942.59 4.35 10,241.01 4.64 1.16
1.17 2,528.88 3.28 3,081.44 3.45 4,399.46 3.77 6,022.91 4.08 7,976.75 4.37 10,285.05 4.66 1.17
1.18 2,539.66 3.30 3,094.58 3.46 4,418.22 3.78 6,048.59 4.09 8,010.77 4.39 10,328.91 4.68 1.18
1.19 2,550.40 3.31 3,107.67 3.48 4,436.90 3.80 6,074.17 4.11 8,044.64 4.41 10,372.59 4.70 1.19
1.20 2,561.10 3.32 3,120.70 3.49 4,455.51 3.82 6,099.63 4.13 8,078.37 4.43 10,416.08 4.72 1.20
1.21 2,571.75 3.34 3,133.67 3.51 4,474.03 3.83 6,125.00 4.15 8,111.96 4.45 10,459.39 4.74 1.21
1.22 2,582.35 3.35 3,146.60 3.52 4,492.48 3.85 6,150.25 4.16 8,145.41 4.47 10,502.52 4.76 1.22
1.23 2,592.91 3.36 3,159.47 3.53 4,510.86 3.86 6,175.41 4.18 8,178.73 4.48 10,545.48 4.78 1.23
1.24 2,603.43 3.38 3,172.28 3.55 4,529.16 3.88 6,200.46 4.20 8,211.91 4.50 10,588.26 4.80 1.24
1.25 2,613.91 3.39 3,185.05 3.56 4,547.38 3.90 6,225.41 4.21 8,244.95 4.52 10,630.87 4.82 1.25
1.26 2,624.34 3.41 3,197.76 3.58 4,565.54 3.91 6,250.26 4.23 8,277.87 4.54 10,673.30 4.84 1.26
1.27 2,634.74 3.42 3,210.43 3.59 4,583.62 3.93 6,275.02 4.25 8,310.65 4.56 10,715.57 4.85 1.27
1.28 2,645.09 3.43 3,223.04 3.61 4,601.63 3.94 6,299.67 4.26 8,343.30 4.57 10,757.68 4.87 1.28
1.29 2,655.40 3.45 3,235.61 3.62 4,619.57 3.96 6,324.23 4.28 8,375.83 4.59 10,799.62 4.89 1.29
1.30 2,665.67 3.46 3,248.13 3.63 4,637.44 3.97 6,348.70 4.30 8,408.23 4.61 10,841.40 4.91 1.30
1.31 2,675.91 3.47 3,260.60 3.65 4,655.24 3.99 6,373.07 4.31 8,440.51 4.63 10,883.02 4.93 1.31
1.32 2,686.10 3.49 3,273.02 3.66 4,672.97 4.00 6,397.35 4.33 8,472.67 4.64 10,924.47 4.95 1.32
1.33 2,696.26 3.50 3,285.39 3.68 4,690.64 4.02 6,421.54 4.35 8,504.70 4.66 10,965.78 4.97 1.33
1.34 2,706.37 3.51 3,297.72 3.69 4,708.24 4.03 6,445.63 4.36 8,536.61 4.68 11,006.92 4.99 1.34
1.35 2,716.45 3.52 3,310.00 3.70 4,725.78 4.05 6,469.64 4.38 8,568.41 4.70 11,047.92 5.01 1.35
1.36 2,726.50 3.54 3,322.24 3.72 4,743.25 4.06 6,493.56 4.39 8,600.08 4.71 11,088.76 5.02 1.36
1.37 2,736.50 3.55 3,334.43 3.73 4,760.65 4.08 6,517.39 4.41 8,631.64 4.73 11,129.45 5.04 1.37
1.38 2,746.47 3.56 3,346.58 3.74 4,778.00 4.09 6,541.13 4.43 8,663.09 4.75 11,170.00 5.06 1.38
1.39 2,756.40 3.58 3,358.68 3.76 4,795.28 4.11 6,564.79 4.44 8,694.42 4.77 11,210.40 5.08 1.39
1.40 2,766.30 3.59 3,370.74 3.77 4,812.50 4.12 6,588.36 4.46 8,725.64 4.78 11,250.65 5.10 1.40
1.41 2,776.16 3.60 3,382.76 3.78 4,829.65 4.14 6,611.85 4.47 8,756.74 4.80 11,290.76 5.12 1.41
1.42 2,785.99 3.61 3,394.73 3.80 4,846.75 4.15 6,635.25 4.49 8,787.74 4.82 11,330.73 5.13 1.42
1.43 2,795.78 3.63 3,406.66 3.81 4,863.79 4.17 6,658.57 4.51 8,818.63 4.83 11,370.55 5.15 1.43
1.44 2,805.54 3.64 3,418.55 3.82 4,880.76 4.18 6,681.81 4.52 8,849.41 4.85 11,410.24 5.17 1.44
1.45 2,815.27 3.65 3,430.40 3.84 4,897.68 4.20 6,704.97 4.54 8,880.08 4.87 11,449.79 5.19 1.45
1.46 2,824.96 3.67 3,442.21 3.85 4,914.54 4.21 6,728.06 4.55 8,910.65 4.88 11,489.21 5.21 1.46
1.47 2,834.61 3.68 3,453.98 3.86 4,931.34 4.22 6,751.06 4.57 8,941.12 4.90 11,528.49 5.22 1.47
1.48 2,844.24 3.69 3,465.71 3.88 4,948.09 4.24 6,773.98 4.58 8,971.48 4.92 11,567.63 5.24 1.48
1.49 2,853.83 3.70 3,477.40 3.89 4,964.77 4.25 6,796.83 4.60 9,001.74 4.93 11,606.65 5.26 1.49
1.50 2,863.39 3.72 3,489.05 3.90 4,981.41 4.27 6,819.60 4.62 9,031.89 4.95 11,645.53 5.28 1.50
1.51 2,872.92 3.73 3,500.66 3.92 4,997.98 4.28 6,842.29 4.63 9,061.95 4.97 11,684.28 5.29 1.51
1.52 2,882.42 3.74 3,512.23 3.93 5,014.51 4.30 6,864.91 4.65 9,091.91 4.98 11,722.91 5.31 1.52
1.53 2,891.89 3.75 3,523.76 3.94 5,030.97 4.31 6,887.46 4.66 9,121.76 5.00 11,761.41 5.33 1.53
1.54 2,901.32 3.76 3,535.26 3.96 5,047.39 4.32 6,909.93 4.68 9,151.53 5.02 11,799.78 5.35 1.54
1.55 2,910.73 3.78 3,546.72 3.97 5,063.75 4.34 6,932.33 4.69 9,181.19 5.03 11,838.03 5.36 1.55
1.56 2,920.10 3.79 3,558.14 3.98 5,080.06 4.35 6,954.65 4.71 9,210.76 5.05 11,876.16 5.38 1.56
1.57 2,929.44 3.80 3,569.53 3.99 5,096.31 4.37 6,976.91 4.72 9,240.23 5.07 11,914.16 5.40 1.57
1.58 2,938.76 3.81 3,580.88 4.01 5,112.52 4.38 6,999.09 4.74 9,269.61 5.08 11,952.04 5.41 1.58
1.59 2,948.04 3.83 3,592.19 4.02 5,128.67 4.39 7,021.21 4.75 9,298.90 5.10 11,989.81 5.43 1.59
1.60 2,957.30 3.84 3,603.47 4.03 5,144.78 4.41 7,043.25 4.77 9,328.10 5.11 12,027.45 5.45 1.60
1.61 2,966.53 3.85 3,614.72 4.04 5,160.83 4.42 7,065.23 4.78 9,357.20 5.13 12,064.98 5.47 1.61
1.62 2,975.73 3.86 3,625.92 4.06 5,176.83 4.43 7,087.13 4.80 9,386.22 5.15 12,102.39 5.48 1.62
1.63 2,984.90 3.87 3,637.10 4.07 5,192.78 4.45 7,108.97 4.81 9,415.14 5.16 12,139.68 5.50 1.63
1.64 2,994.04 3.88 3,648.24 4.08 5,208.69 4.46 7,130.75 4.83 9,443.98 5.18 12,176.87 5.52 1.64
1.65 3,003.15 3.90 3,659.34 4.09 5,224.54 4.48 7,152.45 4.84 9,472.73 5.19 12,213.93 5.53 1.65
1.66 3,012.24 3.91 3,670.42 4.11 5,240.35 4.49 7,174.10 4.86 9,501.39 5.21 12,250.89 5.55 1.66
1.67 3,021.30 3.92 3,681.45 4.12 5,256.11 4.50 7,195.67 4.87 9,529.97 5.22 12,287.74 5.57 1.67
1.68 3,030.33 3.93 3,692.46 4.13 5,271.83 4.52 7,217.18 4.88 9,558.46 5.24 12,324.47 5.58 1.68
1.69 3,039.34 3.94 3,703.43 4.14 5,287.49 4.53 7,238.63 4.90 9,586.86 5.26 12,361.10 5.60 1.69
1.70 3,048.32 3.96 3,714.37 4.16 5,303.11 4.54 7,260.02 4.91 9,615.18 5.27 12,397.61 5.62 1.70
1.71 3,057.27 3.97 3,725.28 4.17 5,318.69 4.56 7,281.34 4.93 9,643.42 5.29 12,434.02 5.63 1.71
1.72 3,066.19 3.98 3,736.16 4.18 5,334.22 4.57 7,302.60 4.94 9,671.58 5.30 12,470.33 5.65 1.72
1.73 3,075.09 3.99 3,747.00 4.19 5,349.70 4.58 7,323.80 4.96 9,699.65 5.32 12,506.53 5.67 1.73
1.74 3,083.97 4.00 3,757.82 4.20 5,365.14 4.60 7,344.93 4.97 9,727.65 5.33 12,542.62 5.68 1.74
1.75 3,092.82 4.01 3,768.60 4.22 5,380.53 4.61 7,366.01 4.99 9,755.56 5.35 12,578.61 5.70 1.75
1.76 3,101.64 4.02 3,779.35 4.23 5,395.89 4.62 7,387.02 5.00 9,783.39 5.36 12,614.50 5.72 1.76
1.77 3,110.44 4.04 3,790.08 4.24 5,411.19 4.64 7,407.98 5.01 9,811.15 5.38 12,650.28 5.73 1.77
1.78 3,119.22 4.05 3,800.77 4.25 5,426.46 4.65 7,428.88 5.03 9,838.82 5.39 12,685.97 5.75 1.78
1.79 3,127.97 4.06 3,811.43 4.26 5,441.68 4.66 7,449.71 5.04 9,866.42 5.41 12,721.55 5.76 1.79
1.80 3,136.69 4.07 3,822.06 4.28 5,456.86 4.67 7,470.50 5.06 9,893.94 5.42 12,757.04 5.78 1.80
1.81 3,145.39 4.08 3,832.66 4.29 5,472.00 4.69 7,491.22 5.07 9,921.39 5.44 12,792.43 5.80 1.81
1.82 3,154.07 4.09 3,843.23 4.30 5,487.09 4.70 7,511.88 5.08 9,948.76 5.45 12,827.71 5.81 1.82
1.83 3,162.72 4.10 3,853.78 4.31 5,502.14 4.71 7,532.49 5.10 9,976.05 5.47 12,862.91 5.83 1.83
1.84 3,171.35 4.11 3,864.29 4.32 5,517.16 4.73 7,553.04 5.11 10,003.27 5.48 12,898.00 5.84 1.84
1.85 3,179.96 4.13 3,874.78 4.34 5,532.13 4.74 7,573.54 5.13 10,030.42 5.50 12,933.01 5.86 1.85
1.86 3,188.54 4.14 3,885.24 4.35 5,547.06 4.75 7,593.98 5.14 10,057.49 5.51 12,967.91 5.88 1.86
1.87 3,197.10 4.15 3,895.67 4.36 5,561.95 4.76 7,614.37 5.15 10,084.49 5.53 13,002.73 5.89 1.87
1.88 3,205.64 4.16 3,906.07 4.37 5,576.80 4.78 7,634.70 5.17 10,111.42 5.54 13,037.45 5.91 1.88
1.89 3,214.15 4.17 3,916.45 4.38 5,591.62 4.79 7,654.98 5.18 10,138.27 5.56 13,072.07 5.92 1.89
1.90 3,222.64 4.18 3,926.79 4.39 5,606.39 4.80 7,675.20 5.19 10,165.06 5.57 13,106.61 5.94 1.90
1.91 3,231.11 4.19 3,937.11 4.40 5,621.12 4.81 7,695.38 5.21 10,191.77 5.59 13,141.06 5.95 1.91
1.92 3,239.56 4.20 3,947.41 4.42 5,635.82 4.83 7,715.49 5.22 10,218.42 5.60 13,175.41 5.97 1.92
1.93 3,247.99 4.21 3,957.67 4.43 5,650.48 4.84 7,735.56 5.24 10,245.00 5.62 13,209.68 5.98 1.93
1.94 3,256.39 4.23 3,967.91 4.44 5,665.10 4.85 7,755.58 5.25 10,271.50 5.63 13,243.86 6.00 1.94
1.95 3,264.77 4.24 3,978.13 4.45 5,679.68 4.87 7,775.54 5.26 10,297.94 5.65 13,277.95 6.02 1.95
1.96 3,273.13 4.25 3,988.31 4.46 5,694.22 4.88 7,795.45 5.28 10,324.31 5.66 13,311.95 6.03 1.96
1.97 3,281.47 4.26 3,998.47 4.47 5,708.73 4.89 7,815.31 5.29 10,350.62 5.67 13,345.86 6.05 1.97
1.98 3,289.79 4.27 4,008.61 4.48 5,723.20 4.90 7,835.12 5.30 10,376.85 5.69 13,379.69 6.06 1.98
1.99 3,298.09 4.28 4,018.72 4.50 5,737.64 4.91 7,854.88 5.32 10,403.03 5.70 13,413.44 6.08 1.99
2.00 3,306.36 4.29 4,028.80 4.51 5,752.03 4.93 7,874.59 5.33 10,429.13 5.72 13,447.10 6.09 2.00

n=0.013
0.01 1,199.18 0.46 1,484.51 0.48 1,808.87 0.51 2,174.25 0.53 2,582.58 0.55 3,035.73 0.58 0.01
0.02 1,695.89 0.65 2,099.41 0.68 2,558.13 0.72 3,074.86 0.75 3,652.31 0.78 4,293.17 0.81 0.02
0.03 2,077.03 0.79 2,571.24 0.83 3,133.06 0.88 3,765.91 0.92 4,473.15 0.96 5,258.04 1.00 0.03
0.04 2,398.35 0.91 2,969.01 0.96 3,617.74 1.01 4,348.50 1.06 5,165.15 1.11 6,071.47 1.15 0.04
0.05 2,681.44 1.02 3,319.46 1.08 4,044.76 1.13 4,861.77 1.18 5,774.81 1.24 6,788.11 1.29 0.05
0.06 2,937.37 1.12 3,636.28 1.18 4,430.81 1.24 5,325.81 1.30 6,325.99 1.35 7,436.00 1.41 0.06
0.07 3,172.72 1.21 3,927.63 1.27 4,785.83 1.34 5,752.53 1.40 6,832.85 1.46 8,031.79 1.52 0.07
0.08 3,391.78 1.29 4,198.82 1.36 5,116.26 1.43 6,149.71 1.50 7,304.63 1.56 8,586.35 1.63 0.08
0.09 3,597.53 1.37 4,453.52 1.44 5,426.62 1.52 6,522.75 1.59 7,747.73 1.66 9,107.20 1.73 0.09
0.10 3,792.13 1.44 4,694.42 1.52 5,720.16 1.60 6,875.59 1.68 8,166.82 1.75 9,599.83 1.82 0.10
0.11 3,977.22 1.51 4,923.55 1.60 5,999.35 1.68 7,211.18 1.76 8,565.43 1.83 10,068.39 1.91 0.11
0.12 4,154.07 1.58 5,142.48 1.67 6,266.12 1.75 7,531.83 1.84 8,946.30 1.92 10,516.09 1.99 0.12
0.13 4,323.69 1.65 5,352.46 1.74 6,521.98 1.82 7,839.38 1.91 9,311.61 1.99 10,945.49 2.08 0.13
0.14 4,486.91 1.71 5,554.51 1.80 6,768.18 1.89 8,135.30 1.98 9,663.11 2.07 11,358.67 2.15 0.14
0.15 4,644.39 1.77 5,749.47 1.87 7,005.73 1.96 8,420.84 2.05 10,002.27 2.14 11,757.34 2.23 0.15
0.16 4,796.71 1.83 5,938.03 1.93 7,235.49 2.02 8,697.01 2.12 10,330.30 2.21 12,142.93 2.30 0.16
0.17 4,944.33 1.88 6,120.78 1.99 7,458.17 2.09 8,964.67 2.18 10,648.23 2.28 12,516.65 2.37 0.17
0.18 5,087.67 1.94 6,298.23 2.04 7,674.39 2.15 9,224.57 2.25 10,956.94 2.35 12,879.52 2.44 0.18
0.19 5,227.09 1.99 6,470.81 2.10 7,884.69 2.21 9,477.34 2.31 11,257.19 2.41 13,232.45 2.51 0.19
0.20 5,362.88 2.04 6,638.91 2.15 8,089.52 2.26 9,723.55 2.37 11,549.63 2.47 13,576.21 2.58 0.20
0.21 5,495.32 2.09 6,802.86 2.21 8,289.29 2.32 9,963.67 2.43 11,834.85 2.53 13,911.48 2.64 0.21
0.22 5,624.64 2.14 6,962.95 2.26 8,484.36 2.37 10,198.14 2.48 12,113.35 2.59 14,238.85 2.70 0.22
0.23 5,751.05 2.19 7,119.44 2.31 8,675.05 2.43 10,427.34 2.54 12,385.60 2.65 14,558.86 2.76 0.23
0.24 5,874.74 2.24 7,272.57 2.36 8,861.63 2.48 10,651.61 2.60 12,651.99 2.71 14,871.99 2.82 0.24
0.25 5,995.88 2.28 7,422.53 2.41 9,044.36 2.53 10,871.26 2.65 12,912.88 2.77 15,178.66 2.88 0.25
0.26 6,114.62 2.33 7,569.53 2.46 9,223.47 2.58 11,086.55 2.70 13,168.60 2.82 15,479.26 2.94 0.26
0.27 6,231.10 2.37 7,713.72 2.50 9,399.18 2.63 11,297.74 2.75 13,419.46 2.87 15,774.13 2.99 0.27
0.28 6,345.45 2.42 7,855.27 2.55 9,571.65 2.68 11,505.06 2.80 13,665.71 2.93 16,063.59 3.05 0.28
0.29 6,457.76 2.46 7,994.31 2.59 9,741.07 2.72 11,708.70 2.85 13,907.60 2.98 16,347.92 3.10 0.29
0.30 6,568.16 2.50 8,130.98 2.64 9,907.60 2.77 11,908.87 2.90 14,145.35 3.03 16,627.39 3.15 0.30
0.31 6,676.73 2.54 8,265.38 2.68 10,071.37 2.82 12,105.72 2.95 14,379.17 3.08 16,902.25 3.21 0.31
0.32 6,783.57 2.58 8,397.64 2.72 10,232.53 2.86 12,299.42 3.00 14,609.25 3.13 17,172.70 3.26 0.32
0.33 6,888.74 2.62 8,527.84 2.77 10,391.18 2.91 12,490.12 3.04 14,835.77 3.18 17,438.96 3.31 0.33
0.34 6,992.34 2.66 8,656.08 2.81 10,547.45 2.95 12,677.96 3.09 15,058.87 3.22 17,701.21 3.36 0.34
0.35 7,094.42 2.70 8,782.46 2.85 10,701.43 2.99 12,863.05 3.13 15,278.72 3.27 17,959.64 3.41 0.35
0.36 7,195.06 2.74 8,907.04 2.89 10,853.23 3.04 13,045.51 3.18 15,495.45 3.32 18,214.40 3.46 0.36
0.37 7,294.31 2.78 9,029.90 2.93 11,002.94 3.08 13,225.46 3.22 15,709.19 3.36 18,465.64 3.50 0.37
0.38 7,392.22 2.81 9,151.11 2.97 11,150.64 3.12 13,402.99 3.27 15,920.07 3.41 18,713.51 3.55 0.38
0.39 7,488.85 2.85 9,270.74 3.01 11,296.40 3.16 13,578.20 3.31 16,128.18 3.45 18,958.15 3.60 0.39
0.40 7,584.26 2.89 9,388.84 3.05 11,440.31 3.20 13,751.17 3.35 16,333.64 3.50 19,199.66 3.64 0.40
0.41 7,678.48 2.92 9,505.48 3.08 11,582.43 3.24 13,922.00 3.39 16,536.55 3.54 19,438.18 3.69 0.41
0.42 7,771.55 2.96 9,620.70 3.12 11,722.83 3.28 14,090.76 3.43 16,737.00 3.58 19,673.80 3.73 0.42
0.43 7,863.53 2.99 9,734.56 3.16 11,861.57 3.32 14,257.52 3.47 16,935.08 3.63 19,906.63 3.78 0.43
0.44 7,954.44 3.03 9,847.10 3.19 11,998.70 3.36 14,422.35 3.51 17,130.87 3.67 20,136.77 3.82 0.44
0.45 8,044.32 3.06 9,958.37 3.23 12,134.28 3.39 14,585.32 3.55 17,324.44 3.71 20,364.32 3.86 0.45
0.46 8,133.21 3.10 10,068.41 3.27 12,268.37 3.43 14,746.49 3.59 17,515.88 3.75 20,589.34 3.91 0.46
0.47 8,221.14 3.13 10,177.26 3.30 12,401.00 3.47 14,905.92 3.63 17,705.25 3.79 20,811.94 3.95 0.47
0.48 8,308.14 3.16 10,284.96 3.34 12,532.23 3.51 15,063.66 3.67 17,892.61 3.83 21,032.18 3.99 0.48
0.49 8,394.24 3.20 10,391.54 3.37 12,662.11 3.54 15,219.76 3.71 18,078.03 3.87 21,250.13 4.03 0.49
0.50 8,479.46 3.23 10,497.04 3.41 12,790.66 3.58 15,374.28 3.75 18,261.57 3.91 21,465.87 4.07 0.50
0.51 8,563.83 3.26 10,601.50 3.44 12,917.93 3.61 15,527.26 3.78 18,443.28 3.95 21,679.47 4.11 0.51
0.52 8,647.38 3.29 10,704.93 3.47 13,043.96 3.65 15,678.75 3.82 18,623.22 3.99 21,890.98 4.15 0.52
0.53 8,730.14 3.32 10,807.37 3.51 13,168.79 3.68 15,828.79 3.86 18,801.44 4.03 22,100.47 4.19 0.53
0.54 8,812.11 3.35 10,908.85 3.54 13,292.44 3.72 15,977.42 3.89 18,977.98 4.06 22,307.99 4.23 0.54
0.55 8,893.33 3.39 11,009.39 3.57 13,414.95 3.75 16,124.68 3.93 19,152.89 4.10 22,513.60 4.27 0.55
0.56 8,973.82 3.42 11,109.03 3.60 13,536.36 3.79 16,270.61 3.96 19,326.23 4.14 22,717.35 4.31 0.56
0.57 9,053.58 3.45 11,207.78 3.64 13,656.69 3.82 16,415.24 4.00 19,498.02 4.18 22,919.28 4.35 0.57
0.58 9,132.66 3.48 11,305.66 3.67 13,775.96 3.85 16,558.61 4.03 19,668.31 4.21 23,119.45 4.39 0.58
0.59 9,211.05 3.51 11,402.71 3.70 13,894.21 3.89 16,700.74 4.07 19,837.14 4.25 23,317.91 4.42 0.59
0.60 9,288.78 3.54 11,498.94 3.73 14,011.46 3.92 16,841.68 4.10 20,004.55 4.28 23,514.69 4.46 0.60
0.61 9,365.87 3.57 11,594.37 3.76 14,127.74 3.95 16,981.45 4.14 20,170.56 4.32 23,709.83 4.50 0.61
0.62 9,442.33 3.59 11,689.01 3.79 14,243.07 3.98 17,120.07 4.17 20,335.22 4.35 23,903.39 4.53 0.62
0.63 9,518.17 3.62 11,782.90 3.82 14,357.48 4.02 17,257.59 4.20 20,498.56 4.39 24,095.38 4.57 0.63
0.64 9,593.41 3.65 11,876.05 3.85 14,470.98 4.05 17,394.01 4.24 20,660.61 4.42 24,285.86 4.61 0.64
0.65 9,668.07 3.68 11,968.47 3.88 14,583.59 4.08 17,529.38 4.27 20,821.39 4.46 24,474.86 4.64 0.65
0.66 9,742.16 3.71 12,060.19 3.91 14,695.35 4.11 17,663.70 4.30 20,980.94 4.49 24,662.41 4.68 0.66
0.67 9,815.68 3.74 12,151.21 3.94 14,806.26 4.14 17,797.02 4.34 21,139.29 4.53 24,848.55 4.71 0.67
0.68 9,888.66 3.76 12,241.55 3.97 14,916.34 4.17 17,929.34 4.37 21,296.47 4.56 25,033.30 4.75 0.68
0.69 9,961.11 3.79 12,331.24 4.00 15,025.62 4.20 18,060.69 4.40 21,452.49 4.59 25,216.69 4.78 0.69
0.70 10,033.03 3.82 12,420.27 4.03 15,134.11 4.23 18,191.09 4.43 21,607.38 4.63 25,398.76 4.82 0.70
0.71 10,104.44 3.85 12,508.67 4.06 15,241.83 4.26 18,320.57 4.46 21,761.17 4.66 25,579.54 4.85 0.71
0.72 10,175.35 3.87 12,596.45 4.09 15,348.79 4.29 18,449.14 4.50 21,913.88 4.69 25,759.05 4.89 0.72
0.73 10,245.77 3.90 12,683.63 4.11 15,455.01 4.32 18,576.81 4.53 22,065.54 4.73 25,937.31 4.92 0.73
0.74 10,315.71 3.93 12,770.21 4.14 15,560.51 4.35 18,703.62 4.56 22,216.16 4.76 26,114.36 4.95 0.74
0.75 10,385.17 3.95 12,856.20 4.17 15,665.29 4.38 18,829.57 4.59 22,365.76 4.79 26,290.22 4.99 0.75
0.76 10,454.18 3.98 12,941.63 4.20 15,769.38 4.41 18,954.69 4.62 22,514.37 4.82 26,464.91 5.02 0.76
0.77 10,522.73 4.01 13,026.49 4.23 15,872.79 4.44 19,078.98 4.65 22,662.01 4.85 26,638.45 5.05 0.77
0.78 10,590.84 4.03 13,110.80 4.25 15,975.53 4.47 19,202.47 4.68 22,808.69 4.88 26,810.87 5.09 0.78
0.79 10,658.51 4.06 13,194.58 4.28 16,077.61 4.50 19,325.17 4.71 22,954.44 4.92 26,982.19 5.12 0.79
0.80 10,725.76 4.08 13,277.83 4.31 16,179.04 4.53 19,447.10 4.74 23,099.26 4.95 27,152.42 5.15 0.80
0.81 10,792.59 4.11 13,360.56 4.33 16,279.85 4.55 19,568.26 4.77 23,243.18 4.98 27,321.60 5.18 0.81
0.82 10,859.00 4.13 13,442.78 4.36 16,380.03 4.58 19,688.69 4.80 23,386.22 5.01 27,489.73 5.21 0.82
0.83 10,925.02 4.16 13,524.50 4.39 16,479.61 4.61 19,808.38 4.83 23,528.38 5.04 27,656.84 5.25 0.83
0.84 10,990.63 4.18 13,605.73 4.41 16,578.59 4.64 19,927.35 4.86 23,669.70 5.07 27,822.95 5.28 0.84
0.85 11,055.86 4.21 13,686.47 4.44 16,676.98 4.66 20,045.61 4.88 23,810.17 5.10 27,988.08 5.31 0.85
0.86 11,120.71 4.23 13,766.75 4.47 16,774.79 4.69 20,163.18 4.91 23,949.82 5.13 28,152.23 5.34 0.86
0.87 11,185.17 4.26 13,846.55 4.49 16,872.04 4.72 20,280.07 4.94 24,088.66 5.16 28,315.43 5.37 0.87
0.88 11,249.27 4.28 13,925.90 4.52 16,968.72 4.75 20,396.29 4.97 24,226.71 5.19 28,477.70 5.40 0.88
0.89 11,313.01 4.31 14,004.80 4.54 17,064.87 4.77 20,511.85 5.00 24,363.97 5.22 28,639.05 5.43 0.89
0.90 11,376.39 4.33 14,083.26 4.57 17,160.47 4.80 20,626.76 5.03 24,500.46 5.25 28,799.49 5.46 0.90
0.91 11,439.41 4.35 14,161.29 4.59 17,255.54 4.83 20,741.04 5.05 24,636.20 5.28 28,959.05 5.49 0.91
0.92 11,502.10 4.38 14,238.88 4.62 17,350.09 4.85 20,854.69 5.08 24,771.20 5.30 29,117.73 5.52 0.92
0.93 11,564.44 4.40 14,316.06 4.64 17,444.13 4.88 20,967.72 5.11 24,905.46 5.33 29,275.55 5.55 0.93
0.94 11,626.45 4.43 14,392.82 4.67 17,537.67 4.91 21,080.15 5.14 25,039.00 5.36 29,432.52 5.58 0.94
0.95 11,688.13 4.45 14,469.18 4.69 17,630.70 4.93 21,191.98 5.16 25,171.83 5.39 29,588.67 5.61 0.95
0.96 11,749.48 4.47 14,545.13 4.72 17,723.26 4.96 21,303.23 5.19 25,303.97 5.42 29,743.99 5.64 0.96
0.97 11,810.52 4.50 14,620.69 4.74 17,815.32 4.98 21,413.90 5.22 25,435.42 5.45 29,898.50 5.67 0.97
0.98 11,871.24 4.52 14,695.86 4.77 17,906.92 5.01 21,523.99 5.24 25,566.20 5.47 30,052.22 5.70 0.98
0.99 11,931.66 4.54 14,770.65 4.79 17,998.05 5.03 21,633.53 5.27 25,696.30 5.50 30,205.16 5.73 0.99
1.00 11,991.76 4.57 14,845.06 4.82 18,088.72 5.06 21,742.52 5.30 25,825.76 5.53 30,357.33 5.76 1.00

n=0.013
1.00 11,991.76 4.57 14,845.06 4.82 18,088.72 5.06 21,742.52 5.30 25,825.76 5.53 30,357.33 5.76 1.00
1.01 12,051.57 4.59 14,919.10 4.84 18,178.94 5.08 21,850.96 5.32 25,954.56 5.56 30,508.74 5.79 1.01
1.02 12,111.09 4.61 14,992.78 4.86 18,268.71 5.11 21,958.87 5.35 26,082.74 5.59 30,659.40 5.82 1.02
1.03 12,170.31 4.63 15,066.09 4.89 18,358.05 5.13 22,066.24 5.38 26,210.28 5.61 30,809.32 5.84 1.03
1.04 12,229.25 4.66 15,139.05 4.91 18,446.95 5.16 22,173.10 5.40 26,337.21 5.64 30,958.52 5.87 1.04
1.05 12,287.90 4.68 15,211.66 4.93 18,535.42 5.18 22,279.45 5.43 26,463.53 5.67 31,107.01 5.90 1.05
1.06 12,346.28 4.70 15,283.93 4.96 18,623.48 5.21 22,385.29 5.45 26,589.24 5.69 31,254.78 5.93 1.06
1.07 12,404.38 4.72 15,355.85 4.98 18,711.12 5.23 22,490.63 5.48 26,714.37 5.72 31,401.87 5.96 1.07
1.08 12,462.21 4.74 15,427.44 5.00 18,798.35 5.26 22,595.49 5.51 26,838.91 5.75 31,548.26 5.98 1.08
1.09 12,519.77 4.77 15,498.70 5.03 18,885.18 5.28 22,699.85 5.53 26,962.88 5.77 31,693.98 6.01 1.09
1.10 12,577.07 4.79 15,569.63 5.05 18,971.61 5.31 22,803.74 5.56 27,086.28 5.80 31,839.04 6.04 1.10
1.11 12,634.11 4.81 15,640.24 5.07 19,057.65 5.33 22,907.16 5.58 27,209.12 5.83 31,983.43 6.07 1.11
1.12 12,690.89 4.83 15,710.54 5.10 19,143.30 5.35 23,010.12 5.61 27,331.41 5.85 32,127.18 6.09 1.12
1.13 12,747.42 4.85 15,780.52 5.12 19,228.57 5.38 23,112.61 5.63 27,453.16 5.88 32,270.28 6.12 1.13
1.14 12,803.70 4.87 15,850.19 5.14 19,313.47 5.40 23,214.65 5.66 27,574.36 5.90 32,412.76 6.15 1.14
1.15 12,859.74 4.90 15,919.56 5.16 19,397.99 5.43 23,316.25 5.68 27,695.04 5.93 32,554.61 6.18 1.15
1.16 12,915.53 4.92 15,988.62 5.19 19,482.15 5.45 23,417.41 5.71 27,815.19 5.96 32,695.84 6.20 1.16
1.17 12,971.08 4.94 16,057.39 5.21 19,565.94 5.47 23,518.13 5.73 27,934.83 5.98 32,836.47 6.23 1.17
1.18 13,026.39 4.96 16,125.87 5.23 19,649.38 5.50 23,618.42 5.75 28,053.95 6.01 32,976.50 6.26 1.18
1.19 13,081.47 4.98 16,194.05 5.25 19,732.47 5.52 23,718.29 5.78 28,172.58 6.03 33,115.94 6.28 1.19
1.20 13,136.32 5.00 16,261.95 5.28 19,815.20 5.54 23,817.73 5.80 28,290.70 6.06 33,254.79 6.31 1.20
1.21 13,190.94 5.02 16,329.57 5.30 19,897.59 5.57 23,916.77 5.83 28,408.33 6.08 33,393.06 6.33 1.21
1.22 13,245.34 5.04 16,396.91 5.32 19,979.65 5.59 24,015.39 5.85 28,525.48 6.11 33,530.77 6.36 1.22
1.23 13,299.51 5.06 16,463.97 5.34 20,061.36 5.61 24,113.62 5.88 28,642.15 6.13 33,667.91 6.39 1.23
1.24 13,353.46 5.08 16,530.76 5.36 20,142.75 5.63 24,211.44 5.90 28,758.35 6.16 33,804.49 6.41 1.24
1.25 13,407.20 5.10 16,597.29 5.38 20,223.81 5.66 24,308.87 5.92 28,874.07 6.18 33,940.53 6.44 1.25
1.26 13,460.72 5.12 16,663.54 5.41 20,304.54 5.68 24,405.91 5.95 28,989.34 6.21 34,076.02 6.46 1.26
1.27 13,514.03 5.14 16,729.54 5.43 20,384.95 5.70 24,502.57 5.97 29,104.15 6.23 34,210.97 6.49 1.27
1.28 13,567.13 5.16 16,795.27 5.45 20,465.05 5.72 24,598.85 5.99 29,218.51 6.26 34,345.40 6.51 1.28
1.29 13,620.03 5.19 16,860.75 5.47 20,544.84 5.75 24,694.75 6.02 29,332.42 6.28 34,479.30 6.54 1.29
1.30 13,672.72 5.21 16,925.98 5.49 20,624.32 5.77 24,790.28 6.04 29,445.89 6.31 34,612.68 6.57 1.30
1.31 13,725.20 5.23 16,990.95 5.51 20,703.49 5.79 24,885.45 6.06 29,558.93 6.33 34,745.55 6.59 1.31
1.32 13,777.49 5.25 17,055.68 5.53 20,782.36 5.81 24,980.25 6.09 29,671.54 6.35 34,877.92 6.62 1.32
1.33 13,829.58 5.26 17,120.16 5.55 20,860.93 5.83 25,074.69 6.11 29,783.72 6.38 35,009.78 6.64 1.33
1.34 13,881.47 5.28 17,184.40 5.57 20,939.21 5.86 25,168.78 6.13 29,895.48 6.40 35,141.15 6.67 1.34
1.35 13,933.17 5.30 17,248.40 5.60 21,017.20 5.88 25,262.52 6.16 30,006.82 6.43 35,272.03 6.69 1.35
1.36 13,984.68 5.32 17,312.17 5.62 21,094.89 5.90 25,355.91 6.18 30,117.75 6.45 35,402.43 6.72 1.36
1.37 14,036.00 5.34 17,375.70 5.64 21,172.31 5.92 25,448.96 6.20 30,228.27 6.47 35,532.34 6.74 1.37
1.38 14,087.13 5.36 17,439.00 5.66 21,249.44 5.94 25,541.67 6.22 30,338.40 6.50 35,661.79 6.76 1.38
1.39 14,138.08 5.38 17,502.07 5.68 21,326.29 5.96 25,634.05 6.25 30,448.12 6.52 35,790.76 6.79 1.39
1.40 14,188.85 5.40 17,564.92 5.70 21,402.86 5.99 25,726.09 6.27 30,557.45 6.54 35,919.28 6.81 1.40
1.41 14,239.43 5.42 17,627.54 5.72 21,479.17 6.01 25,817.81 6.29 30,666.39 6.57 36,047.33 6.84 1.41
1.42 14,289.84 5.44 17,689.93 5.74 21,555.20 6.03 25,909.20 6.31 30,774.94 6.59 36,174.93 6.86 1.42
1.43 14,340.07 5.46 17,752.11 5.76 21,630.96 6.05 26,000.27 6.33 30,883.11 6.61 36,302.09 6.89 1.43
1.44 14,390.12 5.48 17,814.08 5.78 21,706.47 6.07 26,091.02 6.36 30,990.91 6.64 36,428.80 6.91 1.44
1.45 14,440.00 5.50 17,875.82 5.80 21,781.71 6.09 26,181.46 6.38 31,098.33 6.66 36,555.07 6.93 1.45
1.46 14,489.70 5.52 17,937.36 5.82 21,856.69 6.11 26,271.58 6.40 31,205.38 6.68 36,680.90 6.96 1.46
1.47 14,539.24 5.54 17,998.68 5.84 21,931.41 6.13 26,361.40 6.42 31,312.07 6.71 36,806.31 6.98 1.47
1.48 14,588.61 5.55 18,059.80 5.86 22,005.88 6.15 26,450.91 6.44 31,418.39 6.73 36,931.29 7.01 1.48
1.49 14,637.81 5.57 18,120.71 5.88 22,080.10 6.18 26,540.12 6.47 31,524.35 6.75 37,055.84 7.03 1.49
1.50 14,686.85 5.59 18,181.42 5.90 22,154.07 6.20 26,629.04 6.49 31,629.96 6.77 37,179.98 7.05 1.50
1.51 14,735.73 5.61 18,241.92 5.92 22,227.79 6.22 26,717.65 6.51 31,735.22 6.80 37,303.71 7.08 1.51
1.52 14,784.44 5.63 18,302.22 5.94 22,301.27 6.24 26,805.97 6.53 31,840.13 6.82 37,427.03 7.10 1.52
1.53 14,832.99 5.65 18,362.33 5.96 22,374.51 6.26 26,894.01 6.55 31,944.70 6.84 37,549.94 7.12 1.53
1.54 14,881.39 5.67 18,422.24 5.98 22,447.51 6.28 26,981.75 6.57 32,048.92 6.86 37,672.46 7.15 1.54
1.55 14,929.63 5.68 18,481.95 6.00 22,520.28 6.30 27,069.21 6.60 32,152.81 6.89 37,794.57 7.17 1.55
1.56 14,977.71 5.70 18,541.48 6.01 22,592.81 6.32 27,156.39 6.62 32,256.36 6.91 37,916.29 7.19 1.56
1.57 15,025.64 5.72 18,600.81 6.03 22,665.10 6.34 27,243.29 6.64 32,359.58 6.93 38,037.63 7.22 1.57
1.58 15,073.41 5.74 18,659.96 6.05 22,737.17 6.36 27,329.92 6.66 32,462.47 6.95 38,158.57 7.24 1.58
1.59 15,121.04 5.76 18,718.91 6.07 22,809.01 6.38 27,416.27 6.68 32,565.04 6.97 38,279.14 7.26 1.59
1.60 15,168.52 5.77 18,777.68 6.09 22,880.62 6.40 27,502.35 6.70 32,667.29 7.00 38,399.32 7.28 1.60
1.61 15,215.84 5.79 18,836.27 6.11 22,952.01 6.42 27,588.16 6.72 32,769.21 7.02 38,519.13 7.31 1.61
1.62 15,263.02 5.81 18,894.68 6.13 23,023.18 6.44 27,673.71 6.74 32,870.82 7.04 38,638.57 7.33 1.62
1.63 15,310.06 5.83 18,952.91 6.15 23,094.13 6.46 27,758.99 6.76 32,972.12 7.06 38,757.64 7.35 1.63
1.64 15,356.95 5.85 19,010.96 6.17 23,164.87 6.48 27,844.01 6.78 33,073.11 7.08 38,876.35 7.37 1.64
1.65 15,403.70 5.86 19,068.83 6.19 23,235.38 6.50 27,928.77 6.80 33,173.79 7.10 38,994.70 7.40 1.65
1.66 15,450.31 5.88 19,126.53 6.20 23,305.69 6.52 28,013.27 6.83 33,274.16 7.13 39,112.68 7.42 1.66
1.67 15,496.78 5.90 19,184.05 6.22 23,375.78 6.54 28,097.52 6.85 33,374.23 7.15 39,230.32 7.44 1.67
1.68 15,543.10 5.92 19,241.40 6.24 23,445.66 6.56 28,181.52 6.87 33,474.01 7.17 39,347.60 7.46 1.68
1.69 15,589.29 5.93 19,298.58 6.26 23,515.34 6.58 28,265.27 6.89 33,573.48 7.19 39,464.53 7.49 1.69
1.70 15,635.35 5.95 19,355.59 6.28 23,584.81 6.60 28,348.77 6.91 33,672.67 7.21 39,581.12 7.51 1.70
1.71 15,681.27 5.97 19,412.44 6.30 23,654.07 6.62 28,432.03 6.93 33,771.56 7.23 39,697.36 7.53 1.71
1.72 15,727.05 5.99 19,469.12 6.32 23,723.14 6.64 28,515.04 6.95 33,870.16 7.25 39,813.26 7.55 1.72
1.73 15,772.70 6.00 19,525.63 6.33 23,792.00 6.65 28,597.82 6.97 33,968.48 7.27 39,928.83 7.57 1.73
1.74 15,818.22 6.02 19,581.98 6.35 23,860.66 6.67 28,680.35 6.99 34,066.51 7.30 40,044.07 7.60 1.74
1.75 15,863.61 6.04 19,638.17 6.37 23,929.13 6.69 28,762.65 7.01 34,164.27 7.32 40,158.97 7.62 1.75
1.76 15,908.87 6.06 19,694.20 6.39 23,997.40 6.71 28,844.71 7.03 34,261.74 7.34 40,273.55 7.64 1.76
1.77 15,954.01 6.07 19,750.07 6.41 24,065.48 6.73 28,926.54 7.05 34,358.94 7.36 40,387.80 7.66 1.77
1.78 15,999.01 6.09 19,805.78 6.42 24,133.36 6.75 29,008.13 7.07 34,455.86 7.38 40,501.73 7.68 1.78
1.79 16,043.89 6.11 19,861.34 6.44 24,201.06 6.77 29,089.50 7.09 34,552.51 7.40 40,615.34 7.70 1.79
1.80 16,088.64 6.12 19,916.74 6.46 24,268.57 6.79 29,170.65 7.11 34,648.89 7.42 40,728.63 7.73 1.80
1.81 16,133.27 6.14 19,971.99 6.48 24,335.89 6.81 29,251.56 7.13 34,745.00 7.44 40,841.61 7.75 1.81
1.82 16,177.78 6.16 20,027.09 6.50 24,403.02 6.83 29,332.26 7.15 34,840.85 7.46 40,954.28 7.77 1.82
1.83 16,222.16 6.18 20,082.03 6.51 24,469.97 6.84 29,412.73 7.17 34,936.44 7.48 41,066.63 7.79 1.83
1.84 16,266.42 6.19 20,136.82 6.53 24,536.74 6.86 29,492.98 7.19 35,031.76 7.50 41,178.69 7.81 1.84
1.85 16,310.56 6.21 20,191.47 6.55 24,603.32 6.88 29,573.02 7.21 35,126.83 7.52 41,290.43 7.83 1.85
1.86 16,354.59 6.23 20,245.97 6.57 24,669.73 6.90 29,652.84 7.22 35,221.64 7.54 41,401.88 7.85 1.86
1.87 16,398.49 6.24 20,300.32 6.59 24,735.95 6.92 29,732.44 7.24 35,316.19 7.56 41,513.02 7.87 1.87
1.88 16,442.28 6.26 20,354.53 6.60 24,802.01 6.94 29,811.84 7.26 35,410.49 7.58 41,623.87 7.90 1.88
1.89 16,485.95 6.28 20,408.59 6.62 24,867.88 6.96 29,891.02 7.28 35,504.55 7.60 41,734.43 7.92 1.89
1.90 16,529.51 6.29 20,462.51 6.64 24,933.58 6.97 29,969.99 7.30 35,598.35 7.62 41,844.69 7.94 1.90
1.91 16,572.95 6.31 20,516.29 6.66 24,999.11 6.99 30,048.76 7.32 35,691.91 7.64 41,954.66 7.96 1.91
1.92 16,616.28 6.33 20,569.92 6.67 25,064.47 7.01 30,127.31 7.34 35,785.22 7.66 42,064.35 7.98 1.92
1.93 16,659.49 6.34 20,623.42 6.69 25,129.66 7.03 30,205.67 7.36 35,878.29 7.68 42,173.75 8.00 1.93
1.94 16,702.60 6.36 20,676.78 6.71 25,194.67 7.05 30,283.82 7.38 35,971.12 7.70 42,282.87 8.02 1.94
1.95 16,745.59 6.37 20,730.00 6.72 25,259.53 7.06 30,361.77 7.40 36,063.71 7.72 42,391.70 8.04 1.95
1.96 16,788.47 6.39 20,783.09 6.74 25,324.21 7.08 30,439.52 7.42 36,156.06 7.74 42,500.26 8.06 1.96
1.97 16,831.24 6.41 20,836.04 6.76 25,388.73 7.10 30,517.08 7.44 36,248.18 7.76 42,608.54 8.08 1.97
1.98 16,873.91 6.42 20,888.86 6.78 25,453.09 7.12 30,594.43 7.45 36,340.06 7.78 42,716.55 8.10 1.98
1.99 16,916.47 6.44 20,941.54 6.79 25,517.28 7.14 30,671.59 7.47 36,431.71 7.80 42,824.28 8.12 1.99
2.00 16,958.92 6.46 20,994.09 6.81 25,581.32 7.15 30,748.56 7.49 36,523.14 7.82 42,931.75 8.14 2.00

HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS FOR Page 1
JUNCTION AND TRANSITION MAINTENANCE HOLES
CRITERIA AND BASIS OF DESIGN
MAINTENANCE
HOLE
V2
2
2g he = HEAD LOSS
V2 = VELOCITY D2 H2
Q2 = RATE OF FLOW
V2
1
2g
K= 0.1 FOR INCREASING VELOCITY CHANGE
K= 0.2 FOR DECREASING VELOCITY CHANGE
ASSUMPTION
Maintenance hole length is relatively short so that hi can effectively be taken to be the actual
drop in inverts at the extremes of the maintenance hole.
METHOD
1. Each incoming pipe must be analyzed separately together with the outgoing pipe.
2. Employ Hydraulic Elements Chart (Figure 1) for % depth of flow and % velocity.
3. The designer should, wherever possible, restrict the change in velocity to not more than
0.6 m/s in special cases, consideration should be given to bellmouth entrances.
4. Complete the hydraulic calculations outlined in the following.

Works Department
Location Maintenance Hole No Design by:
At Checked by:
Date
GRADE CAPACITY ACTUAL FLOW

PIPE NO. DIAM. (%) (Qcap) (Qact)
1 1
4 2
3 3
Pipe No. 1 Q1 cap = Q1 act = Q1 act =

Q1 cap
From Fig. 1 read Depth of Flow = %
V1 cap = from above depth of flow and
Fig. 1 read ratio of V1 act/V1 cap =
V1 act = V1 cap x _____ % = _____ x _____ = _____

100 100
H1 = pipe diameter x % depth = (V1 act)2 =

2g
______+ x ______ + ______ = ______

Works Department
Pipe No. 2 Q2 cap = __________ Q2 act = __________ Q2 act = __________

Q2 cap
V2 cap = _____ from above depth of flow and

Fig. 1 read ratio of V2 act/V2 cap = ________
V2 act = V2 cap x _____ % = _____ x ______ = _____

100 100
H2 = pipe diameter x % depth + (V2 act) 2 +

2g
______ x _____ + _____ = ______

Q3 cap

V3 act = V3 cap x _____ % = _____ x _____ = _____

100 100
H3 = pipe diameter x % depth = (V3 act)2 =

2g
______+ x ______ + ______ = ______

Q4 cap

V4 act = V4 cap x _____ % = _____ x ______ = _____

100 100
H4 = pipe diameter x % depth + (V4 act) 2 +

2g
______ x _____ + _____ = ______

Works Department
HEAD LOSS he = K (V22 – V12) for pipes 1 and 2

2g
Select K = 0.1 or 0.2 as above
For pipes 1 and 2 he = _____ (_____ - _____)

= _____
For pipes 1 and 3 he = ______ ( ______ - ______ )
= ______
For pipes 1 and 4 he = ______ ( ______ - ______ )
= ______
for pipes 1 and 2 hi = (H1 - H2) + he
hi = - +
= drop
for pipes 1 and 3 hi = - +
= drop
for pipes 1 and 4 hi = = +
= drop
SUMMARY Take a maximum condition of the above three cases as the governing
factor which sets the required maximum drop through the maintenance
hole.

Works Department
HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS FOR HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS FOR

Works Department
Nominal Pipe Size Page 1
Minimum Slope in Metres

Sewer Size Per 100 Metres
NPS – 6 0.52
NPS – 8 0.40
NPS – 10 0.28
NPS – 12 0.22
NPS – 14 0.17
NPS – 15 0.15
NPS – 16 0.14
NPS – 18 0.12
NPS – 21 0.10
NPS – 24 0.08
NPS - 27 0.067
NPS – 30 0.058
NPS – 36 0.046
NOTE: Nominal pipe size is indicated by an NPS designation number. The

designation number is the nominal inch size of the pipe and follows the
nomenclature in CSA B182 Series Standards.
Slopes less than those required for 0.6 m/s velocity when flowing full may be
permitted when increasing of the slope would require deepening of extensive
sections of the system or the addition of a pumping station. In such instances,
the reduction of slope would only apply to NPS-10 pipe and the minimum
allowable slope would be 0.28% for NPS-8 pipe and 0.22% for NPS-10 pipe.
ALLOWANCE FOR HYDRAULIC LOSSES AT SEWER MAINTENANCE

HOLES
The following minimum allowances should be made for hydraulic losses incurred
at sewer maintenance holes:
 straight run Grade of sewer

 45o turn 0.03 m
 90o turn 0.06 m
 Junctions and transitions See Appendix
Although the above invert drops will be adequate for sewers flowing at velocities
at the low end of the acceptable range, the required drops should be calculated
for high velocity sewers.
April 2013
Nominal Pipe Size Page 2
DESIGN CALCULATIONS
When submitting applications to the Ministry of the Environment for approval,

they should be accompanied by sewer design calculations presenting in tabular
form the required capacity, sewer size, sewer slope, roughness coefficient used,
pipe capacity provided, flow velocity when flowing full, and depth of flow and
actual flow velocity at peak flow if depth of flow is less than 0.3 of the pipe
diameter.
A typical sewer design sheet is shown in Appendix.
SEWER SYSTEM LAYOUT
For general discussions of sanitary sewer layout techniques, the designer should
refer to such design manuals and texts as the following:
 “Design Manual for Sewers and Watermains”- sponsored by the Municipal

Engineers Association and the Ministry of the Environment.
April 2013
REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM
SANITARY SEWER DESIGN SHEET
(METRIC)
MUNICIPALITY: DESIGNED BY:
PROJECT: CHECKED BY:
FROM: MANNING'S "n" : 0.013
TO: DATE: 04/18/13 TIME: 11:26 AM
CONTRACT NO.:
NOTES: 1) MINIMUM VELOCITY = 0.60 m/s 5) EXISTING CONDITION INCLUDES COMMITTED DEVELOPMENT
2) MAXIMUM VELOCITY = 3.65 m/s 6) USE ACTUAL METRIC I.D. PIPE SIZE IN mm
3) INFILTRATION 0.26 l/s = 22.5 m3/Ha/DAY 7) COMMERCIAL FLOOR SPACE INDEX=50% UNLESS OTHERWISE KNOWN
INFILTRATION 0.52 l/s = 45.0 m3/Ha/DAY (Foundation DraIn Connections)
4) INDUSTRIAL 2.08 l/s (local sewers) 1.04 l/s (trunk sewers)
1.04 l/s (trunk sewer)
RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INDUST. INSTIT. FLOW IN LITRES PER SECOND PROPOSED SEWER PRESENT
SUBDIVISION CONDITION
AREA GROSS POP. PEAK LOT FLOOR FLOOR LOT LOT RESIDENTIAL FLOW COMM. INDUS. INSTIT. TOTAL FLOW ACT. SLOPE Q V SURCHARGED
AREA DENSITY POP. FLOW AREA SPACE AREA AREA AREA INFIL. SEWAGE PIPE
MAINTENANCE (Ha) (PERSONS/ FACTOR (Ha) INDEX (Ha) (Ha) (Ha) 0.26 0.0042 2.08 2.08 1.30 SIZE % l/s m/s %
HOLE PER Ha) l/s l/s l/s l/s l/s l/s (mm)
see note 7 see note 3 see note 4
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Works Department 1
THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM - WORKS DEPARTMENT
PREPARED BY : STORM SEWER DESIGN SHEET FOR A 10 YR STM > i= 3454 = 98.7 mm/h
CHECKED BY : Tc + 20
REGIONAL ROAD NO. LOCATION AREA MUN. DATE SHEET _______ OF ________
DRAINAGE AREA RUNOFF DATA OUTLET PIPE DATA REMARKS

MH or MH or RUNOFF Q PIPE 10 YEAR STORM
CBMH FROM INV. CBMH TO SURF. INV. Ta Sa Tc i A COEFF. AC ACCUM. 2.8 CiA TYPE SIZE LGTH FALL SLOPE Q V T n = 0.013
No. STATION ELEV. No. STATION ELEV. ELEV. m m/m m s mm/h ha C AC l/s PIPE PIPE m m % l/s m/s m s Tc min. = 15

Works Department 1 April 2013
NOTE: Refer to Engineering Submission/As Built Forms Section of this manual, for information required.

FINAL MEASUREMENT FORM FOR SKETCHES
Location: Street:
(Municipality) (Community)
Contract No.: Drawing Number:

(Reg./Mun./Sub.)
Consultant: Inspector's Name:

(Please Print)
Description: Main Line or Service Connection : San Storm Water

Diameter mm Class Material Type Date:
e
pl
c h a m
e t 4 fo
r s
k 1 ices 1.)
l S 1 x e rv 71
7
a 2 S -
i n 8 nt 6
e 5-6
8
e
F b nag at 9 e m 0
o
t on ic f
M
a ile
c ti ron
t ru ect
n s el
o or
C
t py
c
a o
o nt c
(C
DUWMA-122 Apr 2013

LATERAL LOCATION SHEET
Location:
Street: House # : Lot # :
Contract No.: Drawing Number:

(Reg./Mun./Sub.)
Inspector's Name: Date:

(Please Print)
AS CONSTRUCTED SERVICE LOCATION
(Contact Construction Management Services for sample

copy or electronic file at 905-668-7711.)
PROPERTY LINE
CL
MH/Hyd/Valve Diameter of Main Line Pipe mm MH/Hyd/Valve
# Main Line Pipe Material #
San Storm Water Remarks
Length of Lateral m
Diameter of Lateral mm
Material & Class of Lateral
Invert Elevation (+ 50mm)
(San, Storm) NOTE: The location and elevation of the lateral at
Elevation @ P/L the property line must be confirmed prior to
Approximate Depth@ P/L (+ 300mm) m installation on private property.
I agree that the service connection should be

as shown.
LOT.#
LOT LINE
LOT LINE
HSE.# Occupant's Name
Signature
PROPERTY LINE
Date
DUWMA-121 Apr 2013


SAMPLE 1
Location: City of Oshawa Street: Road Name (REG. RD. ##)
Contract No.: D2012-### Drawing Number: O-12-SW-1234, O-12-SW-1235

(Reg./Mun./Sub.)
Consultant: Inspector's Name: John Smith

(Please Print)

Diameter 200 mm Class SDR 35 Material Type P.V.C. Date: June 1, 2011
300 SDR 35 P.V.C.
DUWMA-122 Apr 2013

SAMPLE 2

(Reg./Mun./Sub.)

(Please Print)

Diameter 100 mm Class SDR 28 Material Type P.V.C. Date: June 1, 2012
DUWMA-122 Apr 2013

SAMPLE 3
Location: WHITBY BROOKLIN Street: "Add Name"

Contract No.: 2016-W-100 Drawing Number: "Add Number"

(Reg./Mun./Sub.)
Consultant: "Add Number" Inspector's Name: "Add Name"

(Please Print)

Diameter 100 mm Class SDR-28 Material Type PVC Date: "Add Date"
MATCHLINE 0+220.000
DUWMA-122 MATCHLINE 0+120.000 Apr 2013

SAMPLE 4

(Reg./Mun./Sub.)

(Please Print)

Diameter 300 mm Class C-900 CL-150 Material Type P.V.C. Date: June 1, 2012
150 C-900 CL-150 P.V.C.
DUWMA-122 Apr 2013

SAMPLE 5

(Reg./Mun./Sub.)

(Please Print)

Diameter 19 mm Class Type 'K' Material Type Copper Date: June 1, 2012
25 Type 'K' Copper
50 Type 'K' Copper
DUWMA-122 Apr 2013

SAMPLE 6
Location: WHITBY BROOKLIN Street: "Add Name"

Contract No.: 2016-W-100 Drawing Number: "Add Number"

(Reg./Mun./Sub.)
Consultant: "Add Name" Inspector's Name: "Add Name"

(Please Print)

Diameter 19 mm Class TYPE 'K' Material Type COPPER Date: "Add Date"
MATCHLINE 0+220.000
DUWMA-122 MATCHLINE 0+120.000 Apr 2013


SANITARY/STORM LATERAL LOCATION SHEET
SAMPLE 7
Location: Town of Ajax

Street: Durham Boulevard House # : 1234 Lot # :
Contract No.: D2012-### Drawing Number: A-12-SW-001

(Reg./Mun./Sub.)
Inspector's Name: Date: June 1, 2012

(Please Print)
N
W E
#1234 S
LOT LINE
LOT LINE
4.8m
3.5m
12.5m
PROPERTY LINE
12.8m
CL
MH/Hyd/Valve Diameter of Main Line Pipe 200 mm MH/Hyd/Valve
# K11-1000 Main Line Pipe Material PVC SDR-35 # K11-1001
San Storm Water Remarks New service to existing house
Length of Lateral 19.5 m

Diameter of Lateral 100 mm
Material & Class of Lateral PVC SDR-28
Invert Elevation (+ 50mm) 123.3m
Elevation @ P/L 120.626 m the property line must be confirmed prior to
Approximate Depth@ P/L (+ 300mm) 2.7 m installation on private property.
N I agree that the service connection should be

as shown.
LOT.# W E
LOT LINE
LOT LINE
HSE.# 1234 Occupant's Name

S
Signature
PROPERTY LINE
Date
DUWMA-121 Apr 2016


WATER LATERAL LOCATION SHEET
SAMPLE 8
Location: Town of Ajax

Street: Durham Boulevard House # : 1234 Lot # :
Contract No.: D2012-### Drawing Number: A-12-SW-001

(Reg./Mun./Sub.)
Inspector's Name: Date: June 1, 2012

(Please Print)
N
W E
#1234 S
LOT LINE
LOT LINE
2.5m
6.0m 2.0m
PROPERTY LINE C.S.
5.5m
CL
MH/Hyd/Valve Diameter of Main Line Pipe 300 mm MH/Hyd/Valve
# H2116 Main Line Pipe Material PVC DR-18 # N/A
San Storm Water Remarks New service to existing house
Length of Lateral 4.9 m

Diameter of Lateral 19 mm
Material & Class of Lateral Copper Type 'K'
Invert Elevation (+ 50mm)
Elevation @ P/L 118.826 m the property line must be confirmed prior to
Approximate Depth@ P/L (+ 300mm) 1.8 m installation on private property.
N I agree that the service connection should be

as shown.
LOT.# W E
LOT LINE
LINE
NE
IN
HSE.# 1234
LOT L
Occupant's Name
S
Signature
PROPERTY LINE
Date
DUWMA-121 Apr 2016

WORKS DEPARTMENT
May 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Supplier’s Procedure……………………………………………………………… 1-4
Product Approval Application Form .............................................................. 1-3
Product Field Elevation Form
The Regional Municipality of Durham May 2013

Works Department
THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM Page 1
APPROVED MANUFACTURERS’ PRODUCTS LIST
SUPPLIER’S PROCEDURE
Purpose
The Regional Infrastructure Standardization Committee (RISC) was established to

ensure that various products and equipment utilized in water distribution, sewage
collection, traffic control systems, and roads infrastructure meet acceptable standards of
quality and consistency throughout the Region of Durham. More specifically, the
committee develops and maintains guidelines for the submission and evaluation of
products from manufacturers/suppliers. Once approved, products are placed on the
applicable Region of Durham “Approved Manufacturers’ Products List”. This guide is
designed to assist suppliers or manufacturers who have suitable products or as a
reference for engineering consultants who are designing Region of Durham projects.
Structure
The Regional Infrastructure Standardization Committee is currently comprised of two

sub-committees which oversee the product approval procedures for the following
specific areas:
 Road, Watermains, Sewers

 Traffic Control Systems
Each sub-committee is headed by a sub-committee Chair, who conducts evaluation

meetings with appropriate stakeholder groups and technical support staff. The Chair
receives product approval requests from manufacturers and suppliers interested in
having products evaluated and approved for use in the Region of Durham’s
infrastructure.
Currently, an Approved Manufacturers’ Products List is available for Road, Watermains,

Sewers and Traffic Control Systems products. Requests for product approval for these
products must be submitted in accordance with these procedures.
All approved products in the Road, Watermain, Sewer and Traffic Control System-
related product categories will be posted on the Region of Durham’s “Pre-qualified
Products” List on The Road Authority’s (TRA’s) web site at www.roadauthority.com.
The Approved Products Listing on the TRA website is updated throughout the year to
reflect the additions and deletions of products at sub-committee meetings.
Evaluation of Products Submitted for Approval
The RISC Sub-committees focus on three general areas when reviewing products
submitted for Region of Durham approval. These are briefly described below:

Works Department
1. Product Quality, Design, Functionality and Cost
Product samples are evaluated to ensure that the quality of construction,

materials and design meet exacting requirements to ensure compatibility with
Region of Durham locations and applications. Where relevant, productivity and
life cycle costs are considered. Compliance to any required industry and Region
of Durham specific standards or specifications are determined, based on the
documentation supplied. Failure to provide certifications or testing results from an
independent lab may result in products not being approved. It is therefore
essential that product applications include such documentation.
2. Quality Management of Manufacturing Processes
It is important that manufacturing processes are managed in such a way to

provide consistent design and quality standards. This ensures that when orders
are placed, products will consistently meet the required standards. Quality
management programs such as ISO certification or equivalent external or internal
programs are therefore considered important in meeting this requirement.
The Region applies a similar evaluation to both foreign and domestically

manufactured products. Since products manufactured outside of Canada may
have different quality assurance programs than those manufactured locally, it is
incumbent upon the submitting organizations to include all relevant
documentation about the particular quality assurance programs before the
respective sub-committee may proceed with product evaluations or testing.
3. Distribution, Warranty and Servicing
Manufacturers or their authorized distributors submitting new products to the

Region of Durham must provide suitable distribution and servicing of products
they wish to sell. This requires that adequate inventories be maintained for
products and repair parts to ensure prompt delivery of orders and warranty/repair
services. Local servicing by qualified staff for product training, repairs or
maintenance is also required. Manufacturers should provide a comprehensive
warranty for their products and offer competitive rates for extended warranty or
support services. (The Region of Durham standard purchase order terms require
that a 12-month warranty be provided for equipment purchases.) References
verifying acceptable quality, delivery and servicing of products must also be
provided.
Competitive Bidding
The Region of Durham’s Purchasing By-law 68-2000, as amended, requires that

competitive bids be obtained wherever possible. It is important to distinguish between
approval of products under the RISC and approval of firms distributing products or
providing services.

Works Department
Unless a product is distributed exclusively through one agent, the Region of Durham will
normally seek competitive bids from suitably qualified firms. Sometimes a separate
process is undertaken to establish standing agreements with a number of product
distributors or service providers. Examples of this approach are Maintenance, Repair
and Operating (MRO) suppliers and various trades for which registries of suitable firms
are established and updated annually. These bidding processes are conducted by the
Region of Durham Purchasing Section.
The role of the RISC is not to approve (or limit approval to) any particular product
reseller, agent, or contractor, but to administer the processes for approving products,
which fully comply with the Region of Durham’s standards and are supported through
adequate distribution and local servicing.
OGRA, OPS and The Road Authority
The Region of Durham supports the efforts of the Ontario Good Roads Association
(OGRA) and the Ontario Provincial Standards (OPS) organization. As part of these
relationships, the Region of Durham has chosen to use the The Road Authority (TRA) to
post it’s Approved Manufacturers’ Products List for Road, Watermain, Sewer and Traffic
Control System-related products on the internet. The Road Authority is a service
provided by the OGRA and is “an internet-based information resource that provides a
mechanism for infrastructure owners, consultants, contractors and product suppliers to
collaborate and share information. TRA provides users with information on products
services and technical solutions available for use in the public works sector.”
HOW TO SUBMIT PRODUCTS FOR APPROVAL
Manufacturers and suppliers wishing to have products approved by the Region of

Durham should provide the following:
1. The manufacturer or applicant must first be registered with TRA and all products
being submitted for consideration must be profiled in TRA’s products database.
The TRA registration process includes three steps
1. Manufacturer/supplier registration
2. Product identification (registration/profile)
3. Application for product “classification” by the OPS Products Management
Committee (OPS-PMC)
Upon profiling of the products with TRA, TRA will forward product details to the
Region of Durham provided the proponent indicates their desire to do so during
the online product registration process.

Works Department
As of March 31, 2003 all new product approval submissions in these

categories must also receive an “Accepted for Use” classification by the
OPS-PMC prior to consideration by the Region of Durham.
2. Upon request by the RISC Sub-committee Chair, samples of the product shall be
supplied and delivered to a field test location at no charge to the Region of
Durham. Since each sub-committee typically only convenes two to four times
annually, the product evaluation and testing could take up to a year.
Note that once a product has been placed on the Region of Durham’s Approved
Manufacturer’s Products List, it will be tentatively accepted for two years, during which
time the appropriate sub-committee will review the product for full approval or rejection,
based on the performance, quality and support provided.
In general, the new products that are accepted for use will not be placed on the Region
of Durham Approved Manufacturers’ Products List until early in the following year.
However, the Region of Durham Approved Manufacturers’ Products List may be revised
for use at any time for the purposes of tendering, at the sole discretion of the Region of
Durham. The list of Region of Durham “Pre-qualified” Products (i.e., also having
received approval for use by the Region of Durham) on the TRA website will be updated
periodically throughout the year as acceptance is given.
If the Product is rejected for use, the manufacturer or supplier must wait for one (1) year
from the date of previous application before re-submission. If a product is removed from
the Approved Manufacturers’ Products List, the manufacturer or supplier must also wait
for one year from the date of removal. In the event that a product is not accepted,
copies of the sub-committee’s evaluations and comments will be forwarded to the
distributor who submitted the application and the manufacturer, provided that the
address of the manufacturer is on the application.
Suppliers wishing to obtain a copy of the Region of Durham’s Purchasing By-law or a

“Guide to Doing Business with the Region of Durham” should contact the Purchasing
Section by phone at 905-668-7711, ext. 3369 or by fax at 905-666-6210 or visit the
Purchasing Section’s web page at:
www.durham.ca/finance.asp?nr=/departments/finance/purchasing/purchasinginside.htm
Please Note: In order for a road, watermain, sewer or traffic control system
product to remain on the Region of Durham’s Approved Manufacturers’ Products
List, the manufacturer or supplier must continue to hold membership, in good
standing, in The Road Authority (TRA), the product must remain profiled in the
TRA product database, and the product must maintain its “Accepted for Use”
classification from the OPS Products Management Committee.

Works Department
REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM
APPROVED MANUFACTURERS' PRODUCTS LIST
The Approved Manufacturers’ Products List is no longer printed with this document.
For up to date listing go to:
http://applications.roadauthority.com/mpl/mpl.asp?MPIShortName=Durham+MPL
The online approved product listings are continually updated based on product
approvals and de-listings which occur throughout the year.

Works Department
WORKS DEPARTMENT REGIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE STANDARDIZATION COMMITTEE (RISC)
PRODUCT APPROVAL APPLICATION FORM (ONE PRODUCT PER FORM) PAGE ONE OF THREE
C COMPANY NAME: _________________________________________________ CONTACT NAME: _______________________________
COMPANY ADDRESS: _____________________________________________________________________________________________
PHONE NO.: _________________________ FAX NO.: _________________________ E-MAIL: __________________________________
INDICATE IF MANUFACTURER OR AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTOR
1. CATEGORY OF PRODUCT SUBMITTED (CHECK APPROPRIATE BOXES):
ROADS, WATERMAINS, TRAFFIC

SEWERS
WATER SYSTEM TRAFFIC SIGNALS

SANITARY SEWER CONTROL EQUIPMENT
STORM SEWER POWER SUPPLY EQUIPMENT
ROAD MATERIALS/ SIGNAL POLES
EQUIPMENT DUCTS
OTHER CABLING
OTHER
PRODUCT: MANUFACTURER: ____________________________________________________________ PRODUCT ID#: __________________
DESCRIPTION: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(ATTACH PRODUCT INFORMATION AND SPECIFICATIONS)
2. QUALITY MANAGEMENT/PRODUCT STANDARDS:
MANUFACTURER NAME AND LOCATION OF MANUFACTURING FACILITIES: ____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PROVIDE INFORMATION ON QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES:
ISO: __________________________ OTHER INDUSTRY QUALITY STANDARDS: _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
INTERNAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT: (PROVIDE DETAILS, ATTACH POLICY MANUAL/PROCEDURES)
SELECT APPROPRIATE BOXES THAT PRODUCTS COMPLY WITH:
CSA # ____________ ASTM# ____________ AWWA # ____________ OPSS / OPSD# ___________________
ANSI # ___________ CGSB# ____________ FM# _______________ UL # ____________
OTHER _________________________
(ATTACH DOCUMENTATION RE. CERTIFICATION OF ABOVE)
3. PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION AND WARRANTY
PROVIDE THREE AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTORS FOR SOUTHERN ONTARIO (INDICATE IF SOLE AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTOR/AGENT):
FIRM AND ADDRESS CONTACT PHONE # FAX # E-MAIL
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HOW MANY YEARS HAS PRODUCT BEEN DISTRIBUTED IN ONTARIO? _____ YEARS.
STATE PROVISIONS FOR EMERGENCY OR AFTER HOURS REPAIRS OR SERVICE: _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
April 2014
PRODUCT APPROVAL APPLICATION FORM, PAGE TWO OF THREE
PROVIDE THREE REFERENCES, PREFERABLY MUNICIPAL SECTOR:
NAME AND ADDRESS CONTACT PHONE # FAX # E-MAIL
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPROXIMATE VALUE OF LOCAL INVENTORIES: $______________
WARRANTY COVERAGE (BRIEFLY DESCRIBE AND ATTACH WARRANTY DOCUMENTATION)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DISPATCH LOCATION FOR WARRANTY REPAIRS/SERVICE: __________________________________________________________________
THIS FORM IS TO BE SUBMITTED ALONG WITH APPROPRIATE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION TO:

REGION OF DURHAM WORKS DEPARTMENT, 605 ROSSLAND ROAD EAST, WHITBY, ONTARIO, P.O. BOX 623, L1N 6A3, ATTENTION: RISC
SUB-COMMITTEE CHAIR (INDICATE THE APPROPRIATE SUB-COMMITTEE)
4. PRODUCT EVALUATION FORM (TO BE COMPLETED BY APPROPRIATE RISC SUB-COMMITTEE – INDICATE IF UNSATISFACTORY,
POOR, ACCEPTABLE OR EXCELLENT AND PROVIDE COMMENTS)
A. PRODUCT EVALUATION
COMPLIANCE TO REGIONAL STANDARDS/SPECIFICATIONS (IF APPLICABLE): ___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION: ____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PACKAGING/INSTRUCTIONS/WHMIS: ______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
INDUSTRY STANDARDS/VERIFICATIONS: ___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PRODUCT LITERATURE AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: _____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL PRODUCT RATING: _____________________________________________________________________________________________
B. QUALITY MANAGEMENT (QM) OF PRODUCTS
INDUSTRY QM STANDARDS: ______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MANUFACTURER’S QM STANDARDS/PROCEDURES: _________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL QM RATING: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
April 2014
PRODUCT APPROVAL APPLICATION FORM, PAGE THREE OF THREE
C. DISTRIBUTION/WARRANTY
DISTRIBUTOR(S): _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PROVEN QUALITY TRACK RECORD (FROM REFERENCES PROVIDED): __________________________________________________________
SERVICE/DELIVERY/INVENTORIES: ________________________________________________________________________________________
WARRANTY: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL DISTRIBUTION/WARRANTY RATING: ______________________________________________________________________________
5. OVERALL RECOMMENDATION:
NOT ACCEPTABLE
RECOMMENDED FOR FIELD TESTING AND FURTHER EVALUATION*
ACCEPTED FOR INCLUSION IN THE APPROVED MANUFACTURERS’ PRODUCT LIST
COMMENTS:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SIGNED: ______________________________________________ DATE: __________________

(SUB-COMMITTEE CHAIR)
6. RESULTS OF FIELD TESTING (IF APPLICABLE):
A. NOT ACCEPTABLE (PROVIDE DETAILS)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
B. ACCEPTED, TO BE INCLUDED IN APPLICABLE APPROVED MANUFACTURERS PRODUCTS LISTING
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SIGNED: ______________________________________________ DATE: __________________

(SUB-COMMITTEE CHAIR)
COPIES OF THE COMPLETED EVALUATION TO BE SENT TO THE SUBMITTING FIRM, MANUFACTURER AND RISC CHAIR.
April 2014
PRODUCT FIELD EVALUATION FORM
Product Name:
Manufacturer:
Supplier: Contact Person:
Phone:
Category of Product: Health and Safety Facilities
Treatment Plant Roads/Watermain/San. Sewers
Product Application / Use:
Product Location:
Problems / Concerns / Comments:
Submitted By: Signature:
Date:
Action Taken:
Date:
Send Form To: Appropriate Sub Committee Chair
Copy To: Regional Infrastructure Standardization Committee (RISC) Chair
May 2013
STORM AND SANITARY SEWERS
STANDARD DRAWINGS
INDEX
STANDARD REVISION REVISION

DESCRIPTION
NUMBER NO. DATE
Sanitary Sewer House Connections and Saddles
S-100.010 12 2013-04
(100 mm & 150 mm Pipe)
Sanitary Sewer Riser Connections for Residential 2015-04
S-100.020 16
Developments (100 mm and 150 mm Pipe)
S-100.030 Valve Box for PVC Sanitary Sewer Cleanouts 8 2013-04
Common Trench Bedding Detail for Mainline
S-100.040 5 2013-04
Sanitary Sewer and Storm Sewer
Methods of Insulating Sanitary
S-100.050 9 2013-04
Sewers and Watermains
1200 mm Semi-Precast Concrete Maintenance Hole
S-100.060 9 2013-04
(for Sewer Sizes up to 750 mm on Straight Runs)
Semi-Precast Concrete Maintenance Hole
S-100.070 9 2013-04
(for Sewer Sizes 675 mm to 1500 mm)
S-100.080 Drop Structures for Maintenance Holes 12 2017-04
Storm Sewer Outfall Grate for CSP
S-100.090 6 2013-04
(150 mm to 700 mm Pipe)
Storm Sewer Outfall Grate for CSP
S-100.091 4 2013-04
(800 mm to 1400 mm Pipe)
Modifying Existing Catch Basin to Fit
S-101.010 4 2013-04
Curb and Gutter
Maintenance Hole and Catch Basin Setback for
S-101.020 3 2017-04
Curb and Gutter
Asphalt Shoulder Apron for Maintenance Holes;
S-101.030 3 2013-04
Chambers or Valve Box
Adjust Existing Tapered Top Poured Concrete
S-101.040 0 2016-04
Maintenance Hole

Works Department April 2017
WATERMAINS
STANDARD DRAWINGS
INDEX

DESCRIPTION
NUMBER NO. DATE
Sanitary, Storm and Water (Main and Service)
S-200.010 12 2013-04
Pipe Bedding and Concrete Encasement Details
S-200.020 Trench Restoration Detail 5 2013-04
Supports for Watermain, Sewers, Piping and
S-200.030 6 2013-04
Conduits Crossing Trenches
Concrete Trench Plugs for PVC and Rigid Pipe
S-200.040 6 2013-04
(Watermains and Sewers)
Joint Restraining Length for PVC Pipe
S-200.050 6 2013-04
(In Combination with Granular Thrust Block)
Thrust Block for PVC Watermains for Hydrant
S-200.060 11 2013-04
Runouts, Tees and Dead Ends
S-200.070 Deflection of Watermain Over and Under Sewer 4 2017-04
S-200.080 Pipe Casing 8 2013-04
S-200.090 Watermain Trench Detail Under Water Course 5 2013-04
S-201.010 Replacing Buried AC or Grey Iron Watermain 6 2013-04
S-201.020 Water and Sewer Mains Location Sign 6 2013-04

Cathodic Protection/Bonding/Cable/Tracer Wire for
S-201.030 7 2013-04
PVC and CPP Watermain Systems
Cathodic Protection/Bonding Cable for Existing
S-201.031 6 2013-04
Ferrous Watermain Systems
S-210.010 Hydrant Set with Mechanically Restrained Joints 19 2017-04
S-210.020 Hydrant Barrier 8 2013-04
S-210.030 Hydrant Access Across Ditch 6 2014-04

Typical Test Point By-Pass Layout Less than 400
S-210.040 9 2017-04
mm
S-210.041 Temporary Valve By-Pass Arrangement 1 2015-04
Test Point and Flushing Configuration for Large
S-210.050 2 2016-04
Diameter Feedermain
S-210.060 50 mm Blowoff 5 2013-04
S-210.070 Water Sampling Station 2 2013-04

WATERMAINS
STANDARD DRAWINGS
INDEX

DESCRIPTION
NUMBER NO. DATE
S-210.080 Automatic Flushing Device 1 2013-04
100 mm to 400 mm Gate Valve, Valve Box and
S-220.010 Tracer Wire Arrangement for PVC or CPP 21 2017-04
Watermain
Butterfly Valve and Valve Box
S-220.020 11 2017-04
(500 mm and greater)
Butterfly Valve and Valve Box
S-220.030 12 2017-04
(Other than CPP Watermain)
600 mm Butterfly Valve and Precast Concrete
S-220.031 12 2017-04
Chamber
S-220.040 Valve Stem Extension and Bracket 3 2014-04
Air Valve & Access Chamber
S-220.050 14 2013-04
(for Watermains up to 750 mm)
Air Valve & Access Chamber
S-220.051 2 2013-04
(for Watermains 900 mm to 1500 mm)
Drain Valve in Chamber 100 mm, 150 mm and
S-220.060 9 2013-04
200 mm
Service Connection Location Single Family
S-230.010 8 2015-04
Residential Lots (New Connections)
Piping & Fittings for Commercial, Industrial & Multi-
S-230.011 6 2014-04
Residential Connections (Domestic & Fireline)
S-230.020 19 mm and 25 mm Copper Water Service 19 2014-04
S-230.021 37 mm and 50 mm Copper Water Service 2 2014-04
S-230.030 Water Service Box Cap 1 2013-04
S-230.031 Water Service Box 1 2013-04
S-230.032 50 mm Water Service Box

Meter, Valve, Pro Read ARB Receptacle and
S-240.010 6 2013-04
Wire Installation
S-240.020 Water Meter Room Layout 10 2017-04
Incoming Water Service and Meter Schematic
S-240.030 3 2013-04
(Fireline Off Signal Feed) Sprinkler System
Backflow Prevention Room or Building Layout
S-240.040 3 2013-04
Private Hydrant and Sprinkler System

WATERMAINS
STANDARD DRAWINGS
INDEX

DESCRIPTION
NUMBER NO. DATE
Combined Meter Room, Backflow Prevention
S-240.041 Device Room Layout – Private Hydrant and 2 2017-04
Sprinkler System
Backflow Prevention Room or Building Layout
S-240.050 2 2013-04
Sprinkler System
Combined Meter Room, Backflow Prevention
S-240.051 1 2013-04
Device Room Layout – Sprinkler System
S-240.060 Seasonal Use Water Meter Cabinet 1 2013-04
S-240.061 Water Meter Pit Setter (19 mm to 25 mm Meter) 4 2014-04

ROADS
STANDARD DRAWINGS
INDEX

DESCRIPTION
NUMBER NO. DATE
S-300.010 Typical Urban 5-Lane Section 5 2017-04
S-300.020 Typical Section Rural 5 2017-04
S-300.030 Semi-Urban/Rural Intersection Plan 7 2017-04
S-300.031 Curb Transition at Gutter Outlet
S-300.040 Left Turn Lane Design Guideline – Typical 5 2015-04
S-300.041 Urban Smart Channel
S-300.050 Right Turn Lane Design Guideline – Typical 3 2013-04
S-300.060 Paved Shoulder Rural 2 2017-04
S-300.070 Traffic Signal and Island Detail 10 2016-04
S-300.080 1.70 m Wide Island Ramp End Detail 8 2014-04
S-300.090 Traffic Signal and 5.0 m Wide Island Detail 5 2013-04
S-301.010 Pavement Joint Treatment 7 2013-04
S-301.020 Pavement Marking Legend 4 2015-04
S-301.030 Crowd Control Barrier 1 2013-04

TRAFFIC SIGNALS
STANDARD DRAWINGS
INDEX

DESCRIPTION
NUMBER NO. DATE
Concrete Footing for Base Mounted Lighting and
S-400.010 18 2016-04
Signal Poles
Concrete Footing for Pedestal Supply Control
S-400.011 13 2017-04
Cabinet
Steel Footing and Installation for Base Mounted
S-400.012
Poles
S-400.020 Concrete Footing for Traffic Controller Cabinet 8 2016-04
Concrete Footing for ‘M’ Type Traffic Controller
S-400.021 13 2013-04
Cabinet
S-400.022 Traffic Controller Cabinet Footing Extension
Electrical Handhole with Cover
S-400.030 18 2017-04
Non-Concrete 450 mm Dia.
S-400.031 3 2017-04
Non-Concrete, 450 mm Dia. Grade Adjustment
S-400.032 4 2016-04
Non-Concrete, 370 mm Dia.
S-400.033 6 2017-04
Non-Concrete, Rectangular
Pedestrian Signal Head and Push Button
S-410.011 4 2017-04
Installation on Steel Pole
Traffic Signal Equipment Installation on Steel Poles
S-410.020 5 2017-04
(Underground Wiring)
Traffic Signal Equipment Installation on Steel Poles
S-410.021 5 2017-04
(Overhead Wiring)
Traffic Signal Equipment Installation on Wooden or
S-410.022 3 2017-04
Concrete Pole (Underground Wiring)
Traffic Signal Equipment Installation on Wooden or
S-410.023 2 2017-04
Concrete Pole (Overhead Wiring)
S-410.030 Aluminum Single Member Arm Mounting Details 2 2013-04
S-410.040 Traffic Signal Head Mounting Details 2 2013-04

Double Arm Bracket Mounting Details
S-410.050 1 2013-04
(for Wooden, Steel and Concrete Poles)
S-410.055 Traffic Signal Dual-End Hanger
Optical Pre-Emption Detector Mounting Details
S-410.060 1 2013-04
(Mast Arm and Pole Mounting)
S-410.070 Mast Arm Street Name Sign Mounting Details 3 2016-04

TRAFFIC SIGNALS
STANDARD DRAWINGS
INDEX

DESCRIPTION
NUMBER NO. DATE
S-410.080 Traffic Signal Controller Cabinet Installation on Pole 3 2013-04
Traffic Signal Controller Cabinet Installation on
S-410.081 4 2016-04
Concrete Footing
Traffic Signal Controller Cabinet Installation on
S-410.082 2 2017-04
Temporary Footing
Supply Control Cabinet Installation on Steel Pole –
S-410.090 Overhead Supply 4 2014-04
(Overhead or Underground Signal Wiring)
Supply Control Cabinet Installation on Wooden or
S-410.091 Concrete Pole – Overhead Supply 4 2014-04
(Underground Signal Wiring)
Supply Control Cabinet Installation on Wooden or
S-410.092 Concrete Pole – Overhead Supply 3 2013-04
(Overhead Signal Wiring)
Pedestal Supply Control Cabinet Installation –
S-411.010 3 2014-04
Underground Supply (Underground Signal Wiring)
S-411.020 Electrical Grounding System 10 2017-04
S-411.030 Traffic Control Signal Assignment and Tape Marking 2 2014-04
S-411.040 Loop Detector Assignment and Tape Marking 1 2013-04

TRANSIT
STANDARD DRAWINGS
INDEX

DESCRIPTION
NUMBER NO. DATE
Passenger Standing Area and Walkway Connection
S-500.010 4 2015-04
Front Door Access Only
Passenger Standing Area with Shelter Pad (Wide
S-500.011 6 2017-04
Boulevard >4m)
Passenger Standing Area with Shelter Pad (Wide
S-500.012 7 2017-04
Boulevard <4m)
S-500.020 Bus Bay 5 2017-04
S-500.021 Bus Bay – Reverse Crossfall 5 2017-04

Rural Passenger Standing Area with Paved Bus
S-500.030 3 2014-04
Bay Taper/Paved Shoulder
Rural Passenger Standing Area with Separate Bus
S-500.031 2 2013-04
Bay
S-500.040 Concrete Pad Guidelines for Transit Shelters 3 2017-04

WORKS DEPARTMENT
April 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
AutoCAD……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Page Size…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Units…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Scale………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Text Font………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
Co-ordinates……………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
2. LAYERING STRUCTURE…………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
Digital Terrain Model and Base Plans………………………………………………………………… 2
Engineering Drawings…………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
Region of Durham Autocad Layering Guide…………………………………………………………… 2
3. TEXT STYLES AND HEIGHTS............................................................................................................ 10
4. COLOUR TABLES………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10
Region of Durham Colour Dependent Plot Style Tables……………………………..…………. 12
5. LINE TYPES……………………………………………………………………………………………………12
Region of Durham Line Types for Autocad Drawings ………………………………………………. 12
6. SYMBOLS……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12
7. HATCH PATTERNS……………………………………………………………………………………….... 13
Region of Durham Autocad Hatching Guide……………………………………………………... 13
8. DRAWING TEMPLATES………………………………………………………………………………........ 13
9. DRAWING SAMPLES………………………………………………………………………………………. 14

Works Department
1. INTRODUCTION
The following requirements shall be used as guidelines for the preparation of

engineering drawings for Region of Durham contracts.
Note: Civil 3D Template Drawings is available upon request, for the

creation of standard contract drawings from the Region of Durham,
Works Department 905-668-7711 Ext. 3419.
In summary, drawings submitted to the Region of Durham shall be in the

following format:
AutoCAD
• current version of AutoCAD being used by the Region of Durham at the

time the drawings are being prepared
Page Size
• ISO A1 (594 mm X 841 mm = 23.39 in. X 33.11 in.),

• ARCH D (609.6 mm X 914.4 mm = 24 in. X 36 in.),
• ANSI B half size (279 mm X 432 mm = 11 in. X 17 in.)
Units
• Linear – Metres
• Angle – Degrees
Scale
• Plan/Profile – Horizontal 1:250 or 1:500, Vertical 1:50

• Design Cross-Sections – Horizontal 1:250, Vertical 1:50 or Horizontal
1:200, Vertical 1:40
Text Font
• RomanS for text height 0.40 to 1.50

• Arial for text height greater than 1.50
• Use L80 for Existing text and L100 for Proposed text, unless otherwise
approved by Region Project Manager
• Apply the corresponding text heights for the scale (1:250 L80 = 0.50, L100
= 0.65; 1:500 L80 = 1.0, L100 = 1.30)
Co-ordinates
• UTM NAD83, Zone 17

Works Department
2. LAYERING STRUCTURE
Digital Terrain Model and Base Plans
The PCODE Structure Chart is available upon request.
Engineering Drawings
The AutoCAD drawing template file for existing and proposed layers is available
electronically upon request, (DrawingStandards\TemplateDrawings\
RMD C3D.dwt).
All drawings submitted shall be in accordance with the layer structure as outlined
in the following AutoCAD Layering Guide.
Layers not appearing on this list may be added at the designer’s discretion.
REGION OF DURHAM AUTOCAD LAYERING GUIDE
Layer Name Colour Pen Text Linetype Description

Size Height
(1:250)
_V-PORTS 8 0.13 Continuous Viewport
Description 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Description
DIMENSIONS 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous DIMENSIONS
EX-ALGN 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Alignment
EX-ALGN-TEXT 50 0.4 0.5 Continuous Existing Alignment-Labeling
EX-ANTENNA-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Antenna
EX-BELL-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Bell Symbol
EX-BLDG 6 magenta) 1 0.5 Continuous Existing Building
EX-BLDG-BUS 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Building Bus
EX-BLDG-DRAN 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Building Drain
EX-BLDG-GARB 8 0.13 0.5 Continuous Existing Building Garbage
EX-BLDG-HAND 6 magenta) 1 0.5 Continuous Existing Building Hand
EX-BLDG-PATIO 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Building Patio
EX-BLDG-PIER 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Building Pier
EX-BLDG-PILR 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Building Pillar
EX-BLDG-PRCH 6 magenta) 1 0.5 Continuous Existing Building Porch
EX-BLDG-SPRK 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Building SPRK
EX-BLDG-STEP 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Building Step
EX-BOLLARD-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Bollard Symbol
EX-BOULDER-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Boulder Symbol
EX-CABLE-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Cable Symbol
EX-CLEAN_CLEANOUT
7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing cleanout Symbol
-SYM
Existing Concrete Monument
EX-CONC_MO-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Symbol
EX-CONTROL-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Control Symbol
EX-CULVERT-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Culvert Symbol
EX-CULV-FIELD 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous EX-CULV-FIELD
EX-DECID-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Deciduous Symbol
Existing Ditch Inlet Catchbasin
EX-DICBMH-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Symbol

Works Department

Size Height
(1:250)
EX-DRAINBRIDGE-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Bridge Drain Symbol
Existing Foundation Drain
EX-FDN_DRAIN-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Symbol
EX-FENCE-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Fence Symbol
EX-FRENCH_DRAIN-
7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing French Drain Symbol
SYM
EX-GAS_PUMP-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Gas Pump Symbol
EX-GAS-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Gas Symbol
EX-HYDRO-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Hydro Symbol
EX-LEACH_INV-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Leach Inv Symbol
EX-LEGAL-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Legal Symbol
EX-MAIL-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Mail Symbol
EX-MH-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing MH Symbol
EX-MISC-ANTA 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Misc Antenna
EX-MISC-BORE 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Misc Borehole
EX-MISC-INTERLOC 6(magenta) 1 0.5 Continuous Existing Misc Interlock
EX-MISC-SCALE 6(magenta) 1 0.5 Continuous Existing Misc Scale
EX-MISC-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Misc Symbol
EX-MISC-TEST 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Misc Test
EX-MISC-TOWR 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Misc Tower
EXOBWELLPL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing OBS Well
EX-OUTFALL_INV-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Outfall Invert Symbol
EX-PAVE 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Pavement
EX-PAVE-ASPH 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Pavement Ashpalt
EX-PAVE-BRCK 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Pavement Brick
EX-PAVE-CLAY 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Pavement Clay
EX-PAVE-CONC 8 0.13 0.5 Continuous Existing Pavement Concrete
Existing Pavement Concrete
EX-PAVE-CONC-STAM 8 0.13 0.5 Continuous
STAM
EX-PAVE-EDGE 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Pavement Edge
EX-PAVE-GRAV 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 HIDDEN2 Existing Pavement Gravel
EX-PAVE-JOIN 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Pavement Joint
EX-PAVE-WALK 8 0.13 0.5 Continuous Existing Pavement WALK
EX-PILLAR-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Pillar Symbol
Existing Proposed Centerline
EX-PRCL-BLK 74 0.01 0.5 DASHED2
BLK
EX-PRCL-ESMT 42 0.13 0.5 DASHED2
Estimate
EX-PRCL-LOT 14 0.19 0.5 DASHED2 Existing Proposed Centerline
EX-PRCL-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Table
EX-PRCL-TEXT 50 0.4 0.5 Continuous
Text
EX-PROF 231 0.35 0.5 HIDDEN Existing Profile
EX-PROF-TEXT 231 0.35 0.5 Continuous Existing Profile-Labeling
EX-RAIL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Rail
EX-RAIL-CL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 CENTER2 Existing Rail Centerline
EX-RAIL-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Rail Symbol
EX-ROAD-BARI 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Road BARI
EX-ROAD-BRDG 6(magenta) 1 0.5 Continuous Existing Road BRDG
EX-ROAD-CL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 CENTER2 Existing Road Centerline
EX-ROAD-CONC 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Road Concrete
EX-ROAD-CRWN 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 CENTER2 EX-ROAD-CRWN

Works Department

Size Height
(1:250)
EX-ROAD-CURB 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Road Curb
EX-ROAD-CURB-CONC 8 0.13 0.5 Continuous Existing Road Curb Concrete
EX-ROAD-DRIV 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Road Driveway
Existing Road Driveway
EX-ROAD-DRIV-CONC 8 0.13 0.5 Continuous
Concrete
EX-ROAD-GRAV 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 HIDDEN2 Existing Road Gravel
EX-ROAD-GUID 8 0.13 0.5 Continuous Existing Road Guide
EX-ROAD-LANE-
40 1 0.5 Continuous Existing Road Lane Yellow
YELLOW
EX-ROAD-MRKS 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 DASHED2 Existing Road Marks
EX-ROAD-SENS-TRAF 2 (yellow) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Road Sensor Traffic
EX-ROAD-SHLD 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Road Shoulder
EX-ROAD-SHLD-GR 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 HIDDEN2 Existing Road Shoulder Gravel
EX-ROAD-STOP 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Road STOP
EX-ROAD-XWLK 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Road Crosswalk
EX-SAN-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Sanitary Symbol
EX-SECT 231 0.35 0.5 STORM Existing Section
EX-SIGN-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Sign Symbol
EX-SPRING-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Spring Symbol
EX-STM-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Storm Symbol
Existing Stone Monument
EX-STONE_MO-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Symbol
EX-SURV 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Survey
EX-SURV-CTRL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Survey Control
EX-SURV-MISC 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Survey Misc
Existing Survey Monument
EX-SURV-MONU-CONC 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Concrete
EX-SURV-MONU-STON 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Survey Monument Stone
EX-SURV-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Survey-Labeling
EX-TOPO 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 DOT2 Existing Topo
EX-TOPO-BLDR 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo BLDR
EX-TOPO-BOLL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo BOLL
EX-TOPO-BUS 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Bus
EX-TOPO-CMTRY 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Cemetery
EX-TOPO-CONT-MAJR 253 0.13 0.5 HIDDEN Existing Topo Contour Major
EX-TOPO-CONT-MINR 251 0.13 0.5 HIDDEN2 Existing Topo Contour Minor
EX-TOPO-CREK 5 (blue) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Creek
EX-TOPO-CREK-CL 5 (blue) 0.25 0.5 CENTER2 Existing Topo Creek Centerline
EX-TOPO-DAM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Dam
EX-TOPO-DTCH-CL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 CENTER2 Existing Topo Ditch Centerline
EX-TOPO-FENC 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Fence
Fence_Chain_
EX-TOPO-FENC-CHAN 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Existing Topo Fence Chainlink
Link
EX-TOPO-FENC-IRON 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Fence Iron
Existing Topo Fence Post and
EX-TOPO-FENC-PW 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Fence_Stock
Wire
EX-TOPO-FENC-RAIL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Guide_Rail Existing Topo Fence Rail
EX-TOPO-FENC-SNOW 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Fence Snow
EX-TOPO-FENC-WOOD 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Fence_Stoc Existing Topo Fence Wood
EX-TOPO-MAIL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Mail
EX-TOPO-MARSH 5 (blue) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Marsh
EX-TOPO-MISC 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Misc
EX-TOPO-PNTS 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Points

Works Department

Size Height
(1:250)
EX-TOPO-POND 5 (blue) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Pond
EX-TOPO-RIPR 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo RIPR
EX-TOPO-ROCK 8 0.13 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Rock
EX-TOPO-SIGN 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Sign
EX-TOPO-SPRNG 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Spring
EX-TOPO-SWAL-CL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 CENTER2 Existing Topo Swale Centerline
EX-TOPO-TEXT 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo-Labeling
EX-TOPO-TINN-ANAL 252 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo TINN-ANAL
EX-TOPO-TINN-BRDR 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo TINN-BRDR
EX-TOPO-TINN-LINE 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo TINN-LINE
EX-TOPO-TINN-PNTS 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo TINN-Points
EX-TOPO-WALL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Wall
EX-TOPO-WALL-BRCK 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Wall Brick
EX-TOPO-WALL-CONC 8 0.13 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Wall Concrete
EX-TOPO-WALL-GABN 8 0.13 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Wall Gabion
EX-TOPO-WALL-STEL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Wall Steel
EX-TOPO-WALL-STON 8 0.13 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Wall Stone
EX-TOPO-WALL-TIMB 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Wall Timber
EX-TREE-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Topo Tree Symbol
BellCable_Un-
EX-UTIL-BELL 152 0.01 0.5 Existing Bell
derground
EX-UTIL-BELL-VALT 2 (yellow) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Bell Vault
TVCable_Un-
EX-UTIL-CATV 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Existing Cable
derground
EX-UTIL-CATV-DISH 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Cable Dish
EX-UTIL-COMM 2 (yellow) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing COMM
EX-UTIL-COMM-TOWR 2 (yellow) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing COMM Tower
EX-UTIL-ELEC-GUY 2 (yellow) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Electric Guy Wire
EX-UTIL-ELEC-TRANS- Existing Electric Transformer
2 (yellow) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
VALT Vault
EX-UTIL-ELEC-TRNS 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Electric TRNS
EX-UTIL-FUEL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Fuel
EX-UTIL-FUEL-TANK 8 0.13 0.5 Continuous Existing Fuel Tank
EX-UTIL-GAS 2 (yellow) 0.25 0.5 GasLine Existing Gas
HydroCable_U
EX-UTIL-HYDRO 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Existing Hydro
nderground
EX-UTIL-HYDRO-TOWR 230 0.21 0.5 Continuous Existing Hydro Tower
EX-UTIL-HYDRO-TRAF 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Hydro Transformer
TVCable_Un-
EX-UTIL-LOCT-CATV 12 0.25 0.5 Existing Cable Locate
derground
FOC FIBER
EX-UTIL-LOCT-FOC 12 0.25 0.5 Existing FOC Locate
OPTIC
EX-UTIL-LOCT-GAS 72 0.01 0.5 GasLine Existing Gas Locate
HydroCable_U
EX-UTIL-LOCT-HYDRO 11 0.13 0.5 Existing Hydro Locate
nderground
EX-UTIL-LOCT-HYDRO-
11 0.13 0.5 H-SL Existing Hydro Locate-STRT
STRT
EX-UTIL-LOCT-HYDRO- Existing Hydro Locate
11 0.13 0.5 H-TL
TRAF Transformer
EX-UTIL-LOCT-MISC 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Misc Locate
EX-UTIL-LOCT-WATR 154 0.01 0.5 Continuous Existing Water Locate
EX-UTIL-MISC-MH 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Misc MH
EX-UTIL-SANS 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing San
EX-UTIL-SANS-CO 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing San Cleanout

Works Department

Size Height
(1:250)
EX-UTIL-SANS-MH 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing San MH
EX-UTIL-SANS-SEPT 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing San Septic
EX-UTIL-SANS-TEXT 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing San-Labeling
EX-UTIL-SANS-VENT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing San Vent
EX-UTIL-STRM 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Storm
EX-UTIL-STRM-CB 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Storm CB
EX-UTIL-STRM-CULV 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Storm Culvert
EX-UTIL-STRM-DCBMH 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Storm DCBMH
EX-UTIL-STRM-DICBMH 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Storm DICBMH
EX-UTIL-STRM-LECH 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Storm LECH
EX-UTIL-STRM-MH 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Storm MH
EX-UTIL-STRM-OUTF 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Storm Outfall
EX-UTIL-STRM-TEXT 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Storm-Labeling
EX-UTIL-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Table
EX-UTIL-WATR 5 (blue) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Water
EX-UTIL-WATR-CPP 5 (blue) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Water CPP
EX-UTIL-WATR-LEVL 5 (blue) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Water Level
EX-UTIL-WATR-SERV 5 (blue) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Water Service
EX-UTIL-WATR-TEXT 5 (blue) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Water-Labeling
EX-UTIL-WATR-TOWR 5 (blue) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Water Tower
EX-UTIL-WATR-WELL 5 (blue) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Water Well
EX-VEGE-BUSH 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 TREELINE Existing Bush
EX-VEGE-DRIP 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Drip Line
EX-VEGE-HDGE 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 TREELINE Existing Hedge
EX-VEGE-PLNT 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Plant
EX-VEGE-TREE 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Existing Tree
EX-VEGE-TREE-CONF 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous EX-VEGE-TREE-CONF
EX-VEGE-TREE-DECD 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous EX-VEGE-TREE-DECD
EX-VEGE-TREE-ROW 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 TREELINE EX-VEGE-TREE-ROW
EX-WATER-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous EX-WATER-SYM
EX-WATLEVEL-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous EX-WATLEVEL-SYM
EX-WELL-SYM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous EX-WELL-SYM
NORTHARROW 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous NORTHARROW
OB-ALGN 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Alignment
OB-ALGN-P CL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer
OB-ALGN-P-CL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer
OB-ALGN-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Alignment Table
OB-ALGN-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Alignment-Labeling
OB-ALGN-TEXT-P CL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer
OB-ALGN-TEXT-P-CL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer
OB-BLDG 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Building Site
OB-CATC 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Catchment
Object Layer Catchment-
OB-CATC-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Labeling
OB-CORR 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Corridor
Object Layer
OB-CORR-ASSM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Assembly/Subassembly
OB-CORR-ASSM-BLIN 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Assembly BLIN
OB-CORR-ASSM-OFFS 1 (red) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Assembly
OB-CORR-INTS 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Intersection
Object Layer Intersection-
OB-CORR-INTS-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Labeling
OB-CORR-SECT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Corridor Section

Works Department

Size Height
(1:250)
OB-GRAD 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Grading
OB-GRAD-FEAT 3 (green) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Feature Line
OB-GRAD-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Grading-Labeling
Object Layer Parcel/Parcel
OB-PARC 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Segment
OB-PARC-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Parcel Table
Object Layer Parcel-
OB-PARC-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Labeling/Parcel Segment-
Labeling
OB-PIPE 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Pipe
OB-PIPE-INTF 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Interference
Object Layer Pipe or Structure
OB-PIPE-PROF 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Profile
Object Layer Pipe Network
OB-PIPE-SECT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Section
Object Layer Pipe and Structure
OB-PIPE-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Table
Object Layer Pipe-
OB-PIPE-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Labeling/Structure-Labeling
OB-PNTS-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Point Table
OB-PROF 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Profile
OB-PROF-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Profile-Labeling
Object Layer Profile View-
OB-PROF-VIEW 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Labeling
OB-RAIL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Cant View
OB-SECT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 DASHED2 Object Layer Section
OB-SECT-MASS-LINE 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Mass Haul Line
OB-SECT-MASS-VIEW 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Mass Haul View
OB-SECT-MATR 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Material Section
OB-SECT-MATR-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Material Table
OB-SECT-SAMP 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Material Table
Object Layer Section View
OB-SECT-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Quantity Takeoff Table
Object Layer Sample Line-
OB-SECT-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Labeling/Section View-
Labeling/Section-Labeling
OB-SECT-VIEW 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Section View
OB-SHET 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Sheet
OB-SHET-FRM 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Sheet Frame
Object Layer View Frame-
OB-SHET-FRM-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Labeling
OB-SHET-MATC 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Match Line
Object Layer Match Line-
OB-SHET-MATC-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Labeling
OB-SHET-VIEW 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Sheet View
Object Layer Sheet View-
OB-SHET-VIEW-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Labeling
Object Layer Superelevation
OB-SUPR-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Table
Object Layer Superelevation
OB-SUPR-VIEW 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
View
Object Layer Grid Surface/Tin
OB-SURF 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Surface
OB-SURF-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Surface Legend

Works Department

Size Height
(1:250)
Table
Object Layer Grid Surface-
OB-SURF-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Labeling/Tin Surface-Labeling
OB-SURF-TEXT-EG 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer
OB-SURV-FIGR 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Survey Figure
Object Layer Survey Figure
OB-SURV-FIGR-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Segment Label/Survey Figure-
Labeling
OB-SURV-NETW 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Object Layer Survey Network
Object Layer General Note
OB-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Label/General Segment Label
Object Layer
Appurtenance/Fitting/Pressure
OB-UTIL-WATR 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Network Section/Pressure Part
Profile/Pressure Pipe
Object Layer Pressure Part
OB-UTIL-WATR-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous
Table
Object Layer Appurtenance-
OB-UTIL-WATR-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous Labeling/Fitting-
Labeling/Pressure Pipe-Labeling
O-TEXT 7 (white) 0.25 0.5 Continuous O-TEXT
PLPR-L80-TXT 232 0.3 0.5 Continuous PLPR-L80-TXT
Plan and Profile Template 120
PLPR-L120-TXT 90 0.5 0.75 Continuous
Text
PLPR-OUTLINE 7 (white) 0.25 Continuous PLPR-OUTLINE
PLPR-PAPER 7 (white) 0.25 DOTX2 PLPR-PAPER
PLPR-STMCHART 255 0.13 Continuous PLPR-STMCHART
PR-ALGN-CL 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Alignment Centerline
PR-ALGN-CURB 131 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Alignment Curb
PR-ALGN-OFFS 131 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Alignment Offsets
PR-ALGN-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Alignment Table
PR-ALGN-TEXT 231 0.35 0.65 Continuous Proposed Alignment-Labeling
PR-ALIGN-SAN 240 0.5 0.65 PRSAN250 PR-ALIGN-SAN
PR-ALIGN-WM 150 0.5 0.65 PRWM250 PR-ALIGN-WM
PR-CORR 5 (blue) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Corridor
PR-CORR-ASSM 7 (white) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Corridor Assembly
Proposed Corridor Assembly
PR-CORR-ASSM-BLIN 1 (red) 0.25 0.65 Continuous
BLIN
Proposed Corridor Assembly
PR-CORR-ASSM-OFFS 1 (red) 0.25 0.65 Continuous
Offsets
PR-CORR-LINK 20 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Corridor Link
PR-CORR-LINK-CUT 1 (red) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Corridor Link Cut
PR-CORR-LINK-FILL 3 (green) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Corridor Link Fill
PR-CORR-PNT 7 (white) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Corridor Point
PR-CTCHMNT-FLOW 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 CENTER2 Proposed Catchment Flow
PR-CTCHMNT-POST 3 (green) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Catchment Post
PR-CTCHMNT-PRE 1 (red) 0.25 0.65 HIDDEN2 Proposed Catchment Pre
PR-CTCHMNT-TEXT 2 (yellow) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Catchment Flow-

Works Department

Size Height
(1:250)
Labeling
PR-PRCL-BLK 3 (green) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Centerline BLK
PR-PRCL-ESMT 2 (yellow) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Centerline ESMT
PR-PRCL-LOT 1 (red) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Centerline LOT
PR-PROF 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Profile
PR-PROF-CURB 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Profile Curb
PR-PROF-OFFS 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Profile Offsets
PR-PROF-SUBG 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 HIDDEN2 Proposed Profile Subgrade
PR-PROF-TEXT 50 0.4 0.65 Continuous Proposed Profile-Labeling
PR-PROF-TEXT-GB 3 (green) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Profile-Labeling-GB
PR-PROF-TEXT-VC 3 (green) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Profile-Labeling-VC
PR-PROF-VIEW 90 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Profile View
PR-PROF-VIEW-HATC 1 (red) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Profile View Hatch
PR-PROF-VIEW-MAJR 90 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Profile View Major
PR-PROF-VIEW-MINR 252 0.25 0.65 DOT Proposed Profile View Minor
PR-PROF-VIEW-TEXT 90 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Profile View-Labeling
PR-ROAD-CL 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Road
PR-ROAD-CURB 50 0.4 0.65 Continuous Proposed Road Curb
PR-ROAD-CURB-GUTT 1 (red) 0.25 0.65 CENTER2 Proposed Road Curb Gutter
PR-ROAD-EDGE 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Road Edge
PR-ROAD-HATC-CONC 231 0.35 0.65 Continuous Proposed Road Hatch Concrete
PR-ROAD-HATC-INTER 231 0.35 0.65 Continuous Proposed Road Hatch Interlock
PR-ROAD-HATC-PAVE 230 0.21 0.65 Continuous Proposed Road Hatch Pavement
PR-ROAD-SHLD 50 0.4 0.65 Continuous Proposed Road Shoulder
PR-ROAD-SIDEWALK 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Road Sidewalk
PR-SAN-PL 240 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Road Sanitary Plan
PR-SECT 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Section
PR-SECT-HATC-ASPLT 230 0.21 0.65 Continuous Proposed Section Hatch Asphalt
PR-SECT-HATC-BASE 32 0.01 0.65 Continuous Proposed Section Hatch Base
Proposed Section Hatch
PR-SECT-HATC-CONC 231 0.35 0.65 Continuous
Concrete
Proposed Section Hatch
PR-SECT-HATC-INTLK 231 0.35 0.65 Continuous
Interlock
PR-SECT-MATR-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Section Material Table
PR-SECT-SAMP 1 (red) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Section Sample
PR-SECT-SUB 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Section SUB
PR-SECT-TEXT 50 0.4 0.65 Continuous Proposed Section-Labeling
PR-SECT-VIEW 100 0.45 0.65 Continuous Proposed Section View
PR-SECT-VIEW-MAJR 100 0.45 0.65 Continuous Proposed Section View Major
PR-SECT-VIEW-MINR 252 0.25 0.65 DOT Proposed Section View Minor
PR-SECT-VIEW-TEXT 50 0.4 0.65 Continuous Proposed Section View-Labeling
PR-TOPO-CONT-MAJR 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Topo Contour Major
PR-TOPO-CONT-MINR 1 (red) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Topo Contour Minor
PR-TOPO-DTCH 5 (blue) 0.25 0.65 DITCH500 Proposed Topo Ditch
PR-TOPO-DYLGHT 142 0.01 0.65 Continuous Proposed Topo Daylight
PR-TOPO-DYLGHT-CUT 1 (red) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Topo Daylight-Cut
PR-TOPO-DYLGHT-FILL 3 (green) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Topo Daylight-Fill
PR-TOPO-GRAD 231 0.35 0.65 HIDDEN Proposed Topo Grading
PR-TOPO-GRAD-TOE 231 0.35 0.65 HIDDEN Proposed Topo Grading-TOE
PR-TOPO-GRAD-TOP 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 HIDDEN Proposed Topo Grading-Top
PR-TOPO-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Topo Table
PR-TOPO-TEXT 2 (yellow) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Topo-Labeling
PR-TOPO-TINN-ANAL 15 0.01 0.65 Continuous Proposed Topo Tin-ANAL

Works Department

Size Height
(1:250)
PR-TOPO-TINN-BRDR 250 0.06 0.65 Continuous Proposed Topo Tin-BRDR
PR-TOPO-TINN-LINE 250 0.06 0.65 Continuous Proposed Topo Tin Line
PR-TOPO-TINN-PNTS 250 0.06 0.65 Continuous Proposed Topo Tin Points
PR-UTIL-SANS 240 0.5 0.65 PRSAN250 Proposed Sanitary Sewer
Proposed Sanitary Sewer-
PR-UTIL-SANS-TEXT 240 0.5 0.65 Continuous
Labeling
PR-UTIL-STRM 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 STORM Proposed Storm Sewer
PR-UTIL-STRM-TEXT 4 (cyan) 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Storm Sewer-Labeling
PR-UTIL-TABL 7 (white) 0.25 0.65 Continuous Proposed Utility Table
PR-UTIL-WATR 150 0.5 0.65 PRWM250 Proposed Watermain
PR-UTIL-WATR-TEXT 150 0.5 0.65 Continuous Proposed Watermain-Labeling
3. TEXT STYLES AND HEIGHTS
The AutoCAD Layering Guide gives text height examples for a 1:250 scale
drawing. For drawings at a 1:500 scale the text heights are multiplied by a factor
of 2.
4. COLOUR TABLES
All drawings submitted shall be in accordance with the following, AutoCAD

Colour – Dependent Plot Style Tables.

Works Department
REGION OF DURHAM
COLOUR DEPENDENT PLOT STYLE TABLES
Region of Durham A1.CTB Region of Durham 11 x 17.CTB

1 (red) 0.25 1 (red) 0.10
2 (yellow) 0.25 2 (yellow) 0.10
3 (green) 0.25 3 (green) 0.10
4 (cyan) 0.50 4 (cyan) 0.25
5 (blue) 0.25 5 (blue) 0.10
6 (magenta) 1.00 6 (magenta) 0.50
7 (white) 0.25 7 (white) 0.10
8 0.13 8 0.06
9 0.25 9 0.10
10 0.13 10 0.06
11 0.13 11 0.06
12 0.25 12 0.15
13 0.50 13 0.25
14 0.19 14 0.15
15 0.01 15 0.15
20 0.25 20 0.10
30 0.25 30 0.12
32 0.01 32 0.15
40 1.00 40 0.35
41 0.25 41 0.10
42 0.13 42 0.06
50 0.40 50 0.20
52 0.30 52 0.15
60 0.19 60 0.06
72 0.01 75 0.06
74 0.01 72 0.15
75 0.13 74 0.15
80 0.25 80 0.12
90 0.50 90 0.30
100 0.45 100 0.22
101 0.50 101 0.25
110 0.25 110 0.12
115 0.70 115 0.30
130 0.60 130 0.30
131 0.50 131 0.15
142 0.01 142 0.15
150 0.50 150 0.30
151 0.45 151 0.22
152 0.01 152 0.15
154 0.01 154 0.15
160 0.70 160 0.30
170 0.25 170 0.10
171 0.30 171 0.12
180 0.25 180 0.10
200 0.80 200 0.30
210 1.40 210 0.30
212 0.65 212 0.30
220 1.00 220 0.50
221 0.25 221 0.17
230 0.21 230 0.10
231 0.35 231 0.17
232 0.30 232 0.20
240 0.50 240 0.30
241 0.45 241 0.10
242 0.25 242 0.12
250 0.06 250 0.06
251 0.13 251 0.06
252 0.25 252 0.05
253 0.13 253 0.06
254 0.19 254 0.06
255 0.30 255 0.15

Works Department
5. LINE TYPES
The figure below illustrates the line types to be used when preparing Region of
Durham drawings. Also refer to the 03 Legend & Abbreviations Template
Drawing and current Region of Durham Civil 3D.dwt file. All custom, Region of
Durham, line types are available electronically upon request, in Line Types
folder, file REGION OF DURHAM.LIN.
REGION OF DURHAM LINE TYPES FOR AUTOCAD DRAWINGS
AUTOCAD DRAWING SCALE 1:250 1:500

LTSCALE FOR AUTOCAD DRAWINGS 1 2
*PRSAN250,----- - - ----- - - ----- - - -----, LTSCALE 1 LINE THICKNESS(.14)

A, 13.5,-0.8,1.905,-0.8,1.905,-0.8
*PRWM250,---- - ---- - ---- - ----,LTSCALE 1 LINE THICKNESS(.14)

A, 8,-1.2,1.2,-1.2
*PRSAN500,----- - - ----- - - ----- - - -----, LTSCALE 2 (LINE THICKNESS(.30))

A, 13.5,-0.8,1.905,-0.8,1.905,-0.8
*PRWM500,---- - ---- - ---- - ----,LTSCALE 2 (LINE THICKNESS(.30))

A, 8,-1.2,1.2,-1.2
STORM,- - - - - - - - - -, LTSCALE 1 AND 2

A, 1.64,-2
6. SYMBOLS
The following standard symbols are available electronically and are to be used
on all engineering drawings for Region of Durham contracts. Also refer to the 03
Legend & Abbreviations Template Drawing and current Region of Durham Civil
3D.dwt file.
Existing - Includes all existing topographic symbols.
Miscellaneous - Includes various symbols e.g. benchmarks, ditch arrows etc.
Proposed - Includes proposed symbols for road, storm sewer, sanitary sewer,
and watermain designs at 1:250 & 1:500 scales.

Works Department
7. HATCH PATTERNS
The following AutoCAD Hatching Guide is to be used for the Region of Durham
custom hatch patterns. Custom, Region of Durham, hatch patterns are available
electronically upon request, in Hatch Pattern folder, file CL&GB.pat.
REGION OF DURHAM AUTOCAD HATCHING GUIDE
Description Hatch Angle Layer Name Colour Pen Size

Pattern
CLEARING ANSI31 0º EX-TOPO-MARSH 1 (red) 0.25
CLEARING & CL&GB 0º
GRUBBING
CONCRETE- AR-CONC 0º PR-ROAD-HATC- 231 0.35
PROPOSED CONC
EARTH PROFILE EARTH 0º
GRUBBING DASH 135 º
INTERLOCK AR-HBONE 0º EX-MISC- 7 (white) 0.25
INTERLOCK-
PAVEMENT REMOVAL- ANSI31 90 º PR-ROAD-HATC 231 0.35
FULL DEPTH
PAVEMENT REMOVAL- TRANS 45 º PR-ROAD-HATC 231 0.35
PARTIAL DEPTH
PAVEMENT – DOTS 45 º PR-ROAD-HATC- 231 0.35
PROPOSED PAVE
RIP RAP GRAVEL 15 º
ROCK PROFILE AR-PARQ1 0º
SANITARY SEWER- DOTS 45 º PR-UTIL-SAN 231 0.35
PROFILE
STORM SEWER- DOTS 45 º PR-UTIL-STM 231 0.35
PROFILE
SWAMP DASH 0º EX-TOPO-MARSH 1 (red) 0.25
WATERMAIN-PROFILE DOTS 45 º PR-UTIL-WATER 231 0.35
(WATERMAIN WORK
ONLY)
WATERMAIN-PROFILE SACNCR 0º PR-UTILWATER 231 0.35

(WATERMAIN & SAN
SEWER WORK)
8. DRAWING TEMPLATES
The following is a list of Template Drawings, which are included in this section
and available electronically upon request.
01 Title Page Template Drawing – title page for Region of Durham contracts.
02 Drawing Index Template Drawing - Index to drawings for contracts that are
too large to be indexed on the Title Page

Works Department
03 Legends & Abbreviations Template Drawing – legends and abbreviation

page to be included in all contracts
04 Road & Storm Sewer Plan and Profile (Scale 1:250) Template Drawing -
Plan and Profile page for 1:250 scale for road and storm sewer drawing.
05 Road & Storm Sewer Plan and Profile (Scale 1:500) Template Drawing -
Plan and Profile page for 1:500 scale for road and storm sewer drawing.
Available in electronic format only.
06 Sanitary Sewer & Watermain Plan and Profile (Scale 1:250) Template
Drawing – Plan and Profile page for 1:250 sanitary and watermain
drawing.
07 Sanitary Sewer & Watermain Plan and Profile (Scale 1:500) Template
Drawing – Plan and Profile page for 1:500 sanitary and watermain
drawing. Available in electronic format only.
08 Horizontal Title Block – Title block is along the bottom of the page and is
only to be used on site specific jobs and with the Project Engineer’s
approval.
9. DRAWING SAMPLES
The following is a list of Sample Drawings, which are included in this section and
available electronically upon request.
01 Tie Sheet - Ties to the center line of construction sample drawing.
02 Construction Staging.
03 Removals – Typical removals sample drawing.
04 Road and Storm Sewer Plan and Profile – Typical road and storm sewer
contract sample drawing (Scale 1:250)
05 Sanitary Sewer & Watermain Plan and Profile – Typical sanitary sewer
and watermain sample drawing.
06 Typical Sections – Typical sections sample drawing
07 Pavement Elevation Layout – Typical pavement elevation layout sample

drawing
08 Pavement Marking and Signage Sample – Typical pavement marking and

signage sample drawing.

Works Department
09 Landscaping
10 Cross Sections
11 As-Built (Capital) – Typical as-built sample drawing for Regional contracts.
12 As-Built (Subdivision) – Typical as-built sample drawing for subdivisions.

Works Department
FAREWELL STREET (REG. RD 56)
THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY

OF DURHAM
BROOKLIN WEST PHASE V
DENBURY COURT
DENBURY COURT
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR 1 of 4
CAD DRAWING STANDARDS FIGURE 1
THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM LAYERING AND PCODE STRUCTURE FOR BASE PLAN PREPARATION
FIELD GEOCOM SYMBOL SYMBOL LINETYPE POINTS FAULTS USE

SURVEY SURVEY ITEM BLOCK SYMBOL TEXT LINETYPE LINETYPE POINT TO BE USED TO BE USED SOFTDESK
CODE TRANSLATION DESCRIPTION NAME LAYER LAYER LAYER LINETYPE COLOUR LAYER IN TIN IN TIN SPECIAL LINES
16 CL-ROAD Centre Line of Road EX-ROAD_CL-LIN CENTER2 WHITE EX-ROAD_CL-PNT X X
17 RD-LANE Road Lane EX-ROAD_LANE-LIN DASHED2 WHITE EX-ROAD_LANE-PNT X X
18 CONC-RD Concrete Road EX-ROAD_CONC-LIN CONTINUOUS GREY (9) EX-ROAD_CONC-PNT X X
19 GR-ROAD Gravel Road EX-ROAD_GR-LIN HIDDEN2 WHITE EX-ROAD_GR-PNT X X
20 EOP Edge of Pavement EX-EOP-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-EOP-PNT X X
21 EP-SHLD Edge of Paved Shoulder EX-SHLD_EOP-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-SHLD-PNT X X
22 CONC-SHLD Edge of Concrete Shoulder EX-SHLD_CONC-LIN CONTINUOUS GREY (9) EX-SHLD-PNT X X
23 GR-SHLD Edge of Gravel Shoulder EX-SHLD_GR-LIN HIDDEN2 WHITE EX-SHLD-PNT X X
24 CONC-DR. Edge of Concrete Driveway EX-DRWY_CONC-LIN CONTINUOUS GREY (9) EX-DRIVE-PNT X X
25 GR-DR Edge of Gravel Driveway EX-DRWY_GR-LIN HIDDEN2 WHITE EX-DRIVE-PNT X X
26 EP-DR Edge of Paved Driveway EX-DRWY_EOP-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-DRIVE-PNT X X
27
28 GR-PKLT Edge of Gravel Parking Lot EX-PKLT_GR-LIN HIDDEN2 WHITE EX-PKLT_GR-PNT X X
29 EP-PKLT Edge of Paved Parking Lot EX-PKLT_EOP-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-PKLT_EOP-PNT X X
30
31
32
33 CONC-CURB Back of Concrete Curb EX-CURB_CONC-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-CURB-PNT X X
34 ASPH-CURB Asphalt Curb EX-CURB_ASPH-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-CURB-PNT X X
35 CONC-GUTTER Concrete Gutter EX-GUTTER_CONC-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-GUTTER-PNT X X
36 ASPH-GUTTER Asphalt Gutter EX-GUTTER_ASPH-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-GUTTER-PNT X X
37 SWK Edge of Sidewalk EX-SIDEWALK-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-SIDEWALK-PNT X X
38 GR-WALK Edge of Gravel Sidewalk EX-WALK_GR-LIN HIDDEN2 WHITE EX-WALK_GR-PNT X X
39
40 H-POST Hydro Inspection Post H_POST EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
41 H.P. Hydro Pole HYDRO_PO EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
42 GUY-POLE Hydro Guy Pole GUYPOLE EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
43 H-LS Hydro Light Standard HYLITPOL EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
44 GUY-WIRE Hydro Guy Wire EX-GUY_WIRE-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-HYDRO-PNT
45
46 H-TOWER Hydro Tower EX-HYDRO_TOWER-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-TOWER-PNT X
47
48
49 ELECT-HANDHOLE Electric Handhole ELECT_H EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
50 JUNCTION BOX Junction Box JUNCTBOX EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
51 TRAN-VAULT Transformer Vault EX-TRANS_VAULT-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-TRANSFORMER-PNT X X
52 TRANS Transformer EX-TRANSFORMER-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-TRANSFORMER-PNT X X
53 SIGNAL BOX Signal Control Box SIGCNBOX EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
54 LS Light Standard LITSTD EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
55 OLS Ornamental Light Standard OLS EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
56 POLE Generic POLE EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
57 TELG-POLE Telegraph Pole TELG_PO EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
58 B.P. Bell Pole BELLPOLE EX-BELL-SYM EX-BELL-PNT X
59
60 BELL-VAULT BELL VAULT EX-BELL_VAULT-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-BELL_VAULT-PNT X X
61 B-PED Bell Pedestal PEDBELL EX-BELL-SYM EX-BELL-PNT X
62 B-CABLE-EXP. Bell Cable Exposed EX-BELL_CABLE-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-BELL-PNT X
63
64
65
66 ANTENNA Antenna ANTENNA EX-ANTENNA-SYM EX-ANTENNA-PNT X
67 FLAGPOLE Flagpole FLAGPOLE EX-MISC-SYM EX-MISC-PNT X
68 COMM-TOWER Communication Tower EX-COMM_TOWER-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-TOWER-PNT X
69 SAT-DISH Satellite Dish SATDISH EX-MISC-SYM EX-MISC-PNT X
70 B.H.P. Hydro Pole with Bell HYDR_PO EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
71 B.H.L.P. Hydro Pole with Bell and Light Standard HYDR_PO EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
72 BHLP TR. Hydro Pole with Bell , Light Standard and Tra HYDR_PO EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
73 CTV-PED Cable T.V. Pedestal PEDESTTV EX-CABLE-SYM EX-CABLE-PNT X
74 PHONE BOOTH Phone Booth PHONBOTH EX-BELL-SYM EX-BELL-PNT X
75
76 B-MARKER Bell Marker BELLMAR EX-BELL-SYM EX-BELL-PNT X
77
78
79
80 COMB-MH Combination Manhole MHCOMB EX-STM-SYM EX-STM-PNT
81 MH Manhole MH EX-MH-SYM EX-MH-PNT
82 H-MH No. Hydro Manhole with Number MH_ELECT EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT
83 G-MH Gas Manhole MH_GAS EX-GAS-SYM EX-GAS-PNT
84 SAN MH San Manhole MH_SAN EX-SAN-SYM EX-SAN_MH-PNT
85 STM MH Stm Manhole MH_STM EX-STM-SYM EX-STM_MH-PNT
86 B-MH Bell Manhole MH_BELL EX-BELL-SYM EX-BELL-PNT
87 DI-CB-MH Ditch Inlet Catchbasin Manhole DICBMH EX-DICBMH-SYM EX-DICBMH-PNT
88 C.B. Catchbasin CB EX-STM-SYM EX-CB-PNT
89 DCB Double Catchbasin CB_DOUBL EX-STM-SYM EX-CB-PNT
90 DICB Ditch Inlet Catchbasin CB_DITCH EX-STM-SYM EX-CB-PNT

WORKS DEPARTMENT July 2004

91 CBMH Catchbasin Manhole CBMH EX-STM-SYM EX-CB-PNT
92 INV-CB Invert of Catchbasin EX-CB_INV-PNT
93 H-LOCATE Hydro Locate EX-HYDRO_LOCATE-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-HYDRO-PNT X X
94 B-LOCATE Bell Locate EX-BELL_LOCATE-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-BELL-PNT X X
95 C-LOCATE Cable T.V. Locate EX-CABLE_LOCATE-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-CABLE-PNT X X
96 C-DIGUP Cable T.V. Digup (Exposed) EX-CABLE-PNT
97 GAS-INSP-POST Gas Inspection Post GAS_INSP EX-GAS-SYM EX-GAS-PNT X
98 GAS-MAIN-EXPOSED Gas Main EX-GAS_EXPOSED-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-GAS_MAIN-PNT X
99 G-SERVICE Gas Service GAS_SERV EX-GAS-SYM EX-GAS-PNT X
100
101 G-MARKER Gas Marker GASMARK EX-GAS-SYM EX-GAS-PNT X
102 GAS-REG-BOX Gas Regulator Box EX-GAS_BOX-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-GAS_BOX-PNT X
103 G-VALVE Gas Valve GASVALVE EX-GAS-SYM EX-GAS-PNT
104 GAS-METER Gas Meter GAS_METR EX-GAS-SYM EX-GAS-PNT
105
106
107
108 G-LOCATE Gas Locate EX-GAS_LOCATE-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-GAS-PNT X X
109 G-DIGUP Gas Digup (Exposed) EX-GAS-PNT
110 B-DIGUP Bell Digup (Exposed) EX-BELL-PNT
111 H-DIGUP Hydro Digup (Exposed) EX-HYDRO-PNT
112
113 RAIL-FENCE Rail Fence EX-FENCE_RAIL-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-FENCE-PNT X X X
114 IRON-FENCE Iron Fence EX-FENCE_IRON-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-FENCE-PNT X X X
115 HWY-SOU-BARRIER Highway Sound Barrier EX-HWY_SOU_BARIER-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-FENCE-PNT X X X
116 CHAIN-FENCE Chain Link Fence EX-FENCE_CHAIN-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-FENCE-PNT X X X
117 PW-FENCE Post and Wire Fence EX-FENCE_PW-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-FENCE-PNT X X X
118 WOOD-FENCE Wood Fence EX-FENCE_WOOD-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-FENCE-PNT X X X
119 GATE Fence Gate FENCEGAT EX-FENCE-SYM EX-FENCE-PNT X
120 SNOW-FENCE Snow Fence EX-FENCE_SNOW-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-FENCE-PNT X X X
121 CONC.-WALL Concrete Wall EX-WALL_CONC-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-WALL-PNT X X X
122 BRICK-WALL Brick Wall EX-WALL_BRICK-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-WALL-PNT X X X
123 TIMBER-WALL Timber Wall EX-WALL_TIMBER-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-WALL-PNT X X X
124 STEEL-WALL Steel Wall EX-WALL_STEEL-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-WALL-PNT X X X
125 GABIONS Gabions EX-GABION-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-GABION-PNT X X
126 FENCE-POST FENCE POST FEN_POST EX-FENCE-SYM EX-FENCE-PNT X
127 STONE-WALL Stone Wall EX-WALL_STONE-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-WALL-PNT X X X
128 PILLAR Pillar PILLAR EX-PILLAR-SYM EX-PILLAR-PNT X
129 GUIDERAIL Guiderail EX-GUIDE_RAIL-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-GUIDERAIL-PNT X X X
130 BOLLARD Bollard BOLLARDS EX-BOLLARD-SYM EX-BOLLARD-PNT X
131
132
133
134
135 HYD. Fire Hydrant HYDRANT EX-WATER-SYM EX-WATER-PNT
136 HYD-W.V. Fire Hydrant Valve HYD_VALV EX-WATER-SYM EX-WATER-PNT
137 WAT-LOCATE Watermain Locate EX-WATER_LOCATE-LIN CONTINUOUS BLUE EX-WATER-PNT X X
138
139
140 SPRINKLER Water Sprinkler SPRINK EX-WATER-SYM EX-WATER-PNT X
141 W.V. Water Valve WATVALVE EX-WATER-SYM EX-WATER-PNT
142 WAT-TOWER Water Tower EX-WATER_TOWER-LIN CONTINUOUS BLUE EX-WATER-PNT X
143 VALVE CHAMBER Valve Chamber VALVCHAM EX-WATER-SYM EX-WATER-PNT
144 WAT-SERVICE Water Service Line (Locatation) EX-WATER_SERVICE-LIN CONTINUOUS BLUE EX-WATER-PNT X
145 WAT-MON-STA Water Monitoring Station WAT_MON EX-WATER-SYM EX-WATER-PNT
146
147
148 WSB Water Service Valve (Curbstop) CURBSTOP EX-WATER-SYM EX-WATER-PNT
149 ANODE. STA. Anode Monitoring Station ANOD_MON EX-WATER-SYM EX-WATER-PNT X
150
151 W-DIGUP Watermain Digup EX-WATER-PNT
152
153
154
155
156
157
158 Cemetary Cemetary EX-CEMETARY_EDGE-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-CEMETARY-PNT X
159
160 TC Coniferous Tree TRC*** EX-CONIF-SYM EX-CONIF-PNT X
161 TD Deciduous Tree TRD*** EX-DECID-SYM EX-DECID-PNT X
162 STUMP Tree Stump STUMP EX-TREE-SYM EX-TREE-PNT
163 BUSH Bush BUSH EX-TREE-SYM EX-TREE-PNT EX-BUSH_EDGE-LIN CONTINUOUS GREEN X X
164
165 DRIPLINE Tree Dripline EX-DRIPLINE-PNT X
166 HEDGE Edge of Hedge EX-HEDGE-LIN CONTINUOUS GREEN EX-HEDGE-PNT X X
167 LAWN-EDGE Edge of Lawn EX-LAWN_EDGE-LIN CONTINUOUS GREEN EX-LAWN-PNT X
168 SHRUB Shrub SHRUB EX-TREE-SYM EX-TREE-PNT X
169 TREESC Coniferous Tree Row EX-ROW_CONIF-LIN CONTINUOUS GREEN EX-ROW_CONIF-PNT X X
170 TREESD Deciduous Tree Row EX-ROW_DECID-LIN CONTINUOUS GREEN EX-ROW_DECID-PNT X X


171 PLANT-BED Planting Bed EX-PLANT_BED-LIN CONTINUOUS GREEN EX-PLANTS-PNT X
172
173
174 BH No. Borehole with Number BOREHOLE EX-BOREHOLE-SYM EX-BOREHOLE-PNT X
175
176 OBS-WELL Observation Well OBS_WELL EX-WELL-SYM EX-WELL-PNT
177
178 EDG-ROCKS Edge of Rock Outcrop EDG-ROCK-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-ROCK-PNT X
179 BOULDER Boulder BOULDER EX-BOULDER-SYM EX-BOULDER-PNT
180
181 CL-DITCH Centre Line of Ditch EX-DITCH_CL-LIN CENTER2 WHITE EX-DITCH_CL-PNT X X
182 CL-SWALE Centre Line of Swale EX-SWALE_CL-LIN CENTER2 WHITE EX-SWALE_CL-PNT X X
183 CL-CREEK Centre Line of Creek EX-CREEK_CL-LIN CENTER2 RED EX-CREEK-PNT X X
184
185 POND-EDGE Edge of Pond EX-POND_EDGE-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-POND-PNT X X
186 CREEK-EDGE Edge of Creek EX-CREEK_EDGE-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-CREEK-PNT X X
187 WELL Well WELL EX-WELL-SYM EX-WELL-PNT
188
189 SPRING Spring SPR_ART EX-SPRING-SYM EX-SPRING-PNT
190 WET-WELL Wet Well @ Sewer Pumping Station WET_WELL EX-WELL-SYM EX-WELL-PNT
191
192 DAM Dam EX-DAM-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-DAM-PNT
193
194 WHARF-PIER Wharf or Pier EX-PIER-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-PIER-PNT
195
196 W-LEVEL Water Level WL EX-WATLEVEL-SYM EX-WATLEVEL-PNT
197 MARSH-EDGE Edge of Marsh EX-MARSH_EDGE-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-MARSH-PNT X X
198 MARSH-GROUND EX-MARSH-PNT X
199 LEACH-INV Invert of Leachate Pipe LEACH_IN EX-LEACH_INV-SYM EX-LEACH_INV-PNT
200 FDN-DRAIN Invert of Foundation Drain FDN_DRAI EX-FDN_DRAIN-SYM EX-FDN_DRAIN-PNT
201 OUTFALL-INV Invert of Outfall Pilp OUT_INV EX-OUTFALL_INV-SYM EX-OUTFALL_INV-PNT
202 CSP INV. Invert of Corrigated Steel Pipe CSP_PIPE EX-CULVERT-SYM EX-CULVERT-PNT
203 CLAY INV. Invert of Clay Pipe CLAYCULV EX-CULVERT-SYM EX-CULVERT-PNT
204 FRENCH-DRAIN French Drain FRE_DRAI EX-FRENCH_DRAIN-SYM EX-FRENCH_DRAIN-PNT
205
206
207 BOX-CULVERT Box Culvert EX-CULV_BOX-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-CULVERT-PNT
208 CONC. INV. Invert of Concrete Pipe CON_CULV EX-CULVERT-SYM EX-CULVERT-PNT
209 PVC INV. Invert of P.V.C. Pipe PVC_PIPE EX-CULVERT-SYM EX-CULVERT-PNT
210 INV-PIPE Invert of Pipe PIPE EX-CULVERT-SYM EX-CULVERT-PNT
211 SEPTIC-TANK Septic Tank EX-SEPTIC_TANK-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-SEPTIC-PNT
212 EDG-SEPTIC Edge of Septic Bed EX-SEPTIC_EDGE-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-SEPTIC_EDG-PNT
213 SAN-CLEAN Sanitary Sewer Cleanout SAN_CLEA EX-SAN_CLEANOUT-SYM EX-SAN_CLEANOUT-PNT
214 SEW-VENT Sanitary Sewer Vent EX-SEWER_VENT-PNT
215
216 BUILDING Building EX-BUILDING-LIN CONTINUOUS MAGENTA EX-BUILING-PNT X X
217 HIDDEN-BUILDING Building Edge not Visible for Elev. Shot EX-BUILDING-PNT
218 COR-PORCH Corner of Porch EX-PORCH_CORNER-LIN CONTINUOUS MAGENTA EX-PORCH_CORNER-PNT
219 PORCH-TOP Top of Porch EX-PORCH_TOP-LIN CONTINUOUS MAGENTA EX-PORCH_TOP-PNT
220 STEPS Steps EX-STEPS-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-BUILDING-PNT
221 BUS-SHELTER Bus Shelter EX-BUS_SHELTER-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-BUS-PNT X
222 DOOR SILL Door Sill EX-BUILDING-PNT
223 WIN-SILL Window Sill EX-BUILDING-PNT
224 WEIGH-SCALE Weigh Scale EX-WEIGH_SCALE-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-WEIGH_SCALE-PNT X X
225 GARAG_FLOOR Garage Floor Spot Elev. EX-BUILDING-PNT X
226
227 TELCOM-LOCATE Telecom Locate EX-TELCOM-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-TELCOM-PNT X X
228
229 RAIL-CL Centre Line of Railway EX-RAIL_CL-LIN CENTRE2 WHITE EX-RAIL_CL-PNT X X
230 RAIL-TRACK Railway Track EX-RAIL_TRACK-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-RAIL-PNT ? X
231 RAIL SIGNAL Railway Signal RRSIGNAL EX-RAIL-SYM EX-RAIL-PNT
232 RAIL SW-BOX Railway Switch Box RRSWITCH EX-RAIL-SYM EX-RAIL-PNT
233 RAIL-SIG-BOX Railway Signal Box RRSIGBOX EX-RAIL-SYM EX-RAIL-PNT
234
235 SUPER-MAILBOX Super Mailbox EX-MAIL_BOX-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-MAIL_BOX-PNT X
236 MULTI-SIGN Multi-Posted Sign MULTISIG EX-SIGN-SYM EX-SIGN-PNT EX-SIGN-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-SIGN-PNT X
237 GUID-SIGN Guide Sign GUIDSIGN EX-SIGN-SYM EX-SIGN-PNT X
238 WARN-SIGN Warning Sign WARNSIGN EX-SIGN-SYM EX-SIGN-PNT X
239 BUS STOP Bus Stop Sign BS EX-SIGN-SYM EX-SIGN-PNT X
240 STOP SIGN Stop Sign STOP EX-SIGN-SYM EX-SIGN-PNT X
241 YIELD SIGN Yield Sign YS EX-SIGN-SYM EX-SIGN-PNT X
242 TRAF-SIGN Traffic Sign TS EX-SIGN-SYM EX-SIGN-PNT X
243 ADV SIGN Advertising Sign ADVERTS EX-SIGN-SYM EX-SIGN-PNT X
244 MAILBOX Mailbox MAILBOX EX-MAIL_BOX-SYM EX-MAIL_BOX-PNT X
245 PARK METER Parking Meter PARKMET EX-SIGN-SYM EX-SIGN-PNT X
246 CONC-SLAB Concrete Slab EX-CONC_SLAB-LIN CONTINUOUS GREY (9) EX-CONC-PNT X
247 RIP-RAP Rip-Rap RIP_RAP EX-RIP_RAP-SYM EX-RIP_RAP-PNT X
248 GRAVEL Gravel Descriptor EX-GRAVEL-PNT X
249 SAND Sand Descriptor EX-SAND-PNT X
250 CLAY Clay Descriptor EX-CLAY-PNT X


251 ASPHALT Asphalt Descriptor EX-ASPHALT-PNT X
252 CONCRETE Concrete Descriptor EX-CONC-PNT X
253 BRICK Brick Descriptor EX-BRICK-PNT X
254 GRASS Grass Descriptor EX-GRASS-PNT X
255 CULT-FIELD EX-FIELD-PNT X
256 INTERLOC Interlocking Brick Descriptor EX-INTERLOCK-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-INTERLOC-PNT X X
257 STONE Stone Descriptor EX-STONE-PNT X
258 GARBAGE-LIMIT Edge of Landfill EX-GARABAGE_LIMIT-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-GARBAGE_LIMIT-PNT X X
259 SURFACE-TREATMENT EX-SURFACE-PNT X
260 PATIO-SLABS Patio Slabs EX-PATIO_SLABS-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-PATIO_SLABS-PNT X
301 HCM No. Horizontal Control Monument with Number HCM EX-CONTROL-SYM EX-CONTROL-PNT
302 TP No. Traverse Point with Number TP EX-CONTROL-SYM EX-CONTROL-PNT
303 SETUP PT. Setup Point ISP EX-CONTROL-SYM EX-CONTROL-PNT
304 SIB Standard Iron Bar SIB EX-LEGAL-SYM EX-LEGAL-PNT
305 RIB Round Iron Bar RIB EX-LEGAL-SYM EX-LEGAL-PNT
306 IB Iron Bar IB EX-LEGAL-SYM EX-LEGAL-PNT
307 CC Cut Cross CUTCROSS EX-CONTROL-SYM EX-CONTROL-PNT
308 IRON PIPE Iron Pipe IP EX-LEGAL-SYM EX-LEGAL-PNT
309 PI Point of Intersection PI EX-CONTROL-SYM EX-CONTROL-PNT
310 SPOT ELEV. Spot Elevation EX-ELEV-PNT X
311 BM No. Benchmark with Number BENCHMAR EX-CONTROL-SYM EX-CONTROL-PNT
312 TOP-SLOPE Top of Slope EX-SLOPE_TOP-LIN DOT2 WHITE EX-SLOPE-PNT X X
313 TOE-SLOPE Toe of Slope EX-SLOPE_TOE-LIN DOT2 WHITE EX-SLOPE-PNT X X
314 TIN-LINE Tin Structure Line EX-TIN_LINE-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-TIN-PNT X X
315 STONE-MONUMENT Stone Monument STONE_MO EX-STONE_MON-SYM EX-STONE_MON-PNT
316 CONC-MONUMENT Concrete Monument CONC_MON EX-CONC_MON-SYM EX-CONC_MON-PNT
317 HUB Hub HUB EX-MISC-SYM EX-MISC-PNT
318 NAIL Nail NAIL EX-MISC-SYM EX-MISC-PNT
319
320
400 HAND WELL Handwell HANDWELL EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT X
401 TRAF-LS Traffic Light Standard TRALITST EX-HYDRO-SYM EX-HYDRO-PNT
402 TRAF-SENSOR Traffic Light Sensor EX-TRAF_SENSOR-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-TRAF_SENSOR-PNT X
403
404 ROAD-CL-YELLOW Road Centre Line (Yellow ) EX-POLICE-ROAD_CL_YELLOW-LIN CONTINUOUS YELLOW EX-POLICE-ROAD_CL_YELLOW-PNT
405
406
407
408 STOP-BAR Stop Bar EX-POLICE-STOP_BAR-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-POLICE-STOP_BAR-PNT
409 XWALK Cross Walk Symbol ( X Loacation) XWALK EX-POLICE-SYM EX-POLICE-XWALK-PNT
410
411 BOT-SLOPE Bottom Of Slope EX-SLOPE_BOTTOM-LIN DOT2 WHITE EX-SLOPE-PNT
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420 ANIMAL Animal ANIMAL EX-POLICE-SYM EX-POLICE-ANIMAL-PNT
421 BLOOD Blood Spot Locations BLOOD EX-POLICE-SYM EX-POLICE-BLOOD-PNT
422 CHOP Chop (Material) EX-POLICE-CHOP-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-POLICE-CHOP-PNT
423
424 DEBRIS Debris (Material Spots) DEBRIS EX-POLICE-SYM EX-POLICE-DEBRIS-PNT EX-POLICE-DEBRIS-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-POLCE-DEBRIS-PNT
425 FLUIDS Fluids EX-POLICE-FLUIDS-LIN CONTINUOUS BLUE EX-POLICE-FLUIDS-PNT
426 FURROW Furrow (Path Lines on Grass or Fields) EX-POLICE-FURROW-LIN CONTINUOUS MAGENTA EX-POLICE-FURROW-PNT
427 GOUGE Gouge (Mark in Pavement / Material) EX-POLICE-GOUGE-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-POLICE-GOUGE-PNT
428 HELMET Helmet HELMET EX-POLICE-SYM EX-POLICE-HELMET-PNT
429 PEDESTRIAN Pedestrian (Loaction of ) PEDESTRIAN EX-POLICE-SYM EX-POLICE-PEDESTRIAN-PNT
430 SCRATCH Scratch (Mark Lines in Pavement / Material) EX-POLICE-SCRATCH-LIN HIDDEN2 WHITE EX-POLICE-SCRATCH-PNT
431 SHOE Shoe SHOE EX-POLICE-SYM EX-POLICE-SHOE-PNT
432 TIRE-MRK Tire Mark (Skid Mark etc.) EX-POLICE-TIRE_MRK-LIN HIDDEN2 CYAN EX-POLICE-TIRE_MRK-PNT
433 AXLE Axle (Outline) EX-POLICE-AXLE-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-POLICE-AXLE-PNT
434 VEHICLE Vehicle (Outline) EX-POLICE-VEHICLE-LIN CONTINUOUS CYAN EX-POLICE-VEHICLE-PNT
435 HUMAN-PART Human Evidence Outline HUM-EVD EX-POLICE-SYM EX-POLICE-HUMAN_PART-PNT EX-POLICE-HUMAN_PART-LIN CONTINUOUS RED EX-POLICE-HUMAN_PART-PNT
436 UNPAVED-SHLD Unpaved Shoulder EX-POLICE-UNPAVED_SHLD-LIN HIDDEN2 WHITE EX-POLCE-UNPAVED_SHLD-PNT
500 G-VENT Gas Vent GASVENT EX-GAS-SYM EX-GAS-PNT
501 G-PUMP Gas Pump EX-GAS-PNT
502 FUEL FILLER Fuel Filler FUELFIL EX-GAS-SYM EX-GAS-PNT
503 FUEL-TANK Fuel Tank EX-FUEL_TANK-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-FUEL-PNT
504
505
600 HANDRAIL Handrail EX-HANDRAIL-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-HANDRAIL-PNT
601 BRIDGE-ABUTMENT Bridge Abutment EX-BRIDGE-LIN CONTINUOUS GREY(9) EX-BRIDGE-PNT
602 EXP-JOINT Expansion Joint EX-EXP_JOINT-LIN CONTINUOUS WHITE EX-EXP_JOINT-PNT
603 BRIDG-OUTLINE Bridge Outline EX-BRIDGE-LIN CONTINUOUS GREY(9) EX-BRIDGE-PNT

THE REGIONAL
MUNICIPALITY
OF DURHAM
WORKS DEPARTMENT
CONSTRUCTION
SPECIFICATIONS
FOR REGIONAL
SERVICES
PREFACE
These Construction Specifications for Regional Services are intended for use on all
Regional infrastructure constructed under a Regional or Lower Tier capital or
maintenance contract as well as infrastructure constructed by the private sector which
will be assumed by the Region of Durham in accordance with the terms their agreement
with the Region.
Any specifications in this document which dictate method of construction, measurement

for payment or basis of payment do not necessarily apply to works constructed by the
private sector.
References are made throughout this document to Ontario Provincial Standard

Specifications (OPSS) and Ontario Provincial Standard Drawings (OPSD). The
referenced OPSS and OPSD shall be in invoked by such references and in the event of
a conflict the requirements of these specifications shall supersede any referenced
OPSS or OPSD.

Works Department
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR
REGIONAL SERVICES
Division 1 – General Requirements
WORKS DEPARTMENT
April 2014
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
Division 1 – General Requirements
Section Description No. of Pages

01043 Public Relations and Notices ..................................................................... 1
01140 Contractor’s Use of Premises .................................................................... 2
01201 Substitutions .............................................................................................. 2
01210 Contingencies/Allowances ......................................................................... 6
01301 General Instructions................................................................................... 3
01310 Project Management and Coordination...................................................... 2
01330 Submittal Procedures................................................................................. 3
01350 Special Procedures.................................................................................... 8
01360 Health and Safety Procedures ................................................................... 4
01450 Quality Control ......................................................................................... 10
01510 Temporary Utilities ..................................................................................... 5
01520 Construction Facilities................................................................................ 2
01550 Traffic Control ............................................................................................ 4
01560 Temporary Barriers .................................................................................... 2
01570 Environmental Protection........................................................................... 7
01720 Survey Data and Construction Layout ....................................................... 1
01725 Mobilization and Demobilization ................................................................ 1
01830 Maintenance and Warranty........................................................................ 3
01890 Preservation, Protection and Reconstruction............................................. 3

Works Department
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS Section 01043
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS PUBLIC RELATIONS AND NOTICES
Page 1 of 1
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section outlines requirements for dealing with complaints from the
public and providing notification to the public.
1.02 GENERAL
.1 Appoint a competent representative to receive and deal with any

complaints from the public in regard to safety, traffic control, condition of
road surfaces within the limits of work, or nuisances in relation to the work.
.2 Provide Contract Administrator with name, address and telephone number

of public relations representative at pre-construction meeting.
.3 Notify Contract Administrator immediately of any complaints of damage to

property or personal injury.
.4 Notify Contract Administrator as soon as possible of action taken in

respect to any complaints and outcome of such actions.
.5 Provide copy of all related correspondence to Contract Administrator.
1.03 NOTICES
.1 Give adequate notice of schedule (timing and location) of movement of

materials, construction activities, maintenance and repairs affecting
adjacent properties.
.2 Contract Administrator shall notify landowners and occupants of properties

adjacent to affected areas.
.3 Give minimum 48 hours written notice to affected occupants when water

service is to be interrupted, unless written permission is obtained from the
Contract Administrator.
END OF SECTION

Works Department Revised April 2009
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS CONTRACTOR’S USE OF PREMISES
Page 1 of 2
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for Contractor's use of project site.
1.02 GENERAL
.1 The Region of Durham has arranged for easements for construction, and
access as shown on Contract Drawings.
1.03 WORK AREAS
.1 Do not enter upon or occupy with workers, tools or materials any lands
other than public streets, roadways, right-of-ways or easements shown on
Contract Drawings except after written consent has been received from
property owner. Provide copies of written consent to Contract
Administrator prior to entering such properties.
.2 Supply, erect and maintain acceptable temporary fencing along working

and storage areas and access routes.
1.04 STORAGE AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
.1 Provide suitable and adequate storage accommodation for materials and

equipment during progress of work.
.2 Comply with instructions of Contract Administrator concerning storage of

equipment and materials.
.3 Assume full responsibility for storage and protection of materials and

equipment delivered to site.
1.05 ACCESS
.1 Provide and maintain access route at all times for Emergency and Region
of Durham vehicles.
.2 Provide and maintain access route for landowners to cross rights-of-way,

easements, or temporary work areas during all phases of construction.

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS CONTRACTOR’S USE OF PREMISES
Page 2 of 2
.3 Where the Contractor's operations interfere with garbage collection

the Contractor shall be responsible for moving residents' garbage to
a location where it can be picked up by the garbage collection crew.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SUBSTITUTIONS
Page 1 of 2
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section outlines requirements for substituting materials for those

specified in the tender documents.
1.02 RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
.1 Information for Bidders
.2 Supplementary General Conditions
.3 OPS General Conditions, Subsection 5.04 - Substitutions
.4 Region of Durham’s Approved Manufacturer’s Product List (AMPL)
1.03 TENDER REQUIREMENTS
.1 Tender price shall be based only upon supplying the materials specified
on the Contract Drawings or in the Specifications or Special Provisions,
which shall be regarded as the standard of quality required.
.2 No tender price shall be based upon a presumed acceptance by the

Contract Administrator of a substitute item of supply.
.3 Where products are named specifically by brand name or other specific

details, the Contractor’s bid prices shall be based on supply and
installation of the named products. The Contractor shall not assume that
other products on the AMPL will be acceptable for that particular
application.
1.04 APPLICATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF SUBSTITUTIONS
.1 After the acceptance of a tender, the Contractor may apply to the Contract
Administrator to substitute as a "reviewed equivalent", another article or
group of related articles. In all cases the proposed substitution must be
justified by the Contractor in a written application to the Contract
Administrator. Such written application shall indicate reasons why the
Contractor wishes a substitution (significant delay in delivery, strikes,
unavailability, improved quality or field service) and any credit offered.
The application must be accompanied by sufficient descriptive and
technical information, specifications, references and samples for the
Contract Administrator to thoroughly compare articles or group of articles
with that specified.

DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SUBSTITUTIONS
Page 2 of 2
The Contract Administrator's assessment shall include, but not be limited

to, criteria such as quality and durability, performance, ease of operation,
safety features, technical support, service and parts, availability and
estimated cost of maintenance and adherence to minimum specifications.
Failure to comply with this requirement to the Contract Administrator's
satisfaction may result in rejection of the request due to insufficient
information or time to evaluate the same.
All applications and submissions related to the proposed substitution shall

only be made by the General Contractor and not by any Sub-Contractors
or Suppliers.
.2 Any design and/or construction changes necessitated by the use of the

proposed substitution shall be at the expense of the Contractor. The
Contractor shall be responsible for assuring the proper fit and matching of
all equipment or materials to the surrounding pipe, equipment or materials.
.3 Acceptance or rejection of a proposed substitution shall be at the sole

discretion of the Contract Administrator, whose decision shall be final.
.4 Acceptance by the Contract Administrator of a substitution shall apply to

this Contract only.
.5 Contractor shall assume all responsibilities for liabilities and additional

costs that may subsequently arise as a result of his proposed substitution
being accepted by the Contract Administrator.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS CONTINGENCIES/ALLOWANCES
Page 1 of 6
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies work to be performed under “Contingency Unit

Price Items” at unit prices specified in the Form of Tender.
.1 Construction Specification Section 02315 - Trenching, Backfilling and

Compacting
.2 Construction Specification Section 02316 - Rock Excavation
.3 Construction Specification Section 02511 - Watermains
.4 Construction Specification Section 02700 - Site Restoration for

Underground Services
.5 Region of Durham Approved Manufacturers’ Product List
.6 OPSS 506 - Construction Specification for Dust Suppressants
1.03 CONTINGENCY UNIT PRICE ITEMS
.1 Contingency Item No. 1 - Stone Below Bedding
a) The unit price stated in the Form of Tender for this item shall be
compensation in full for the supplying, placing and compacting of
19 mm Clear Stone, Type I and/or 19 or 50 mm crusher run
limestone below the specified pipe bedding, including excavation of
unsuitable materials and disposal off site.
b) Filter fabric, when required, shall be paid for “extra-over" to this

item.
c) Measurement for payment shall be based on the outer diameter of

the pipe, plus 600 mm width for theoretical vertical walls, by
approved extra depth and length required.
.2 Contingency Item No. 2 - Extra Excavation
a) Reference Construction Specification Section 02315

Page 2 of 6
b) The unit price stated in the Form of Tender for this item shall be
compensation in full for extra trench excavation when instructed by
Contract Administrator for sewer or watermain work. The unit price
shall also include backfilling and compacting of increased depth of
trench, and disposal offsite of surplus materials.
c) Measurement for payment shall be based on the outer diameter of

the pipe, plus 600 mm width for theoretical vertical walls, by
approved extra depth and length required.
.3 Contingency Item No. 3 - Labour Rates
a) Include payroll burden, overhead and profit. These rates shall

apply for all extra work performed on a Time and Materials basis.
b) Foreman's rate to include supply of one (1) vehicle for transporting

crew members and hand tools.
.4 Contingency Item No. 4 - Hydrant Extensions
a) The unit price stated in the Form of Tender shall be compensation

in full for the supply, handling, storage, excavation and installation
of extensions to the hydrant barrel and the secondary valve box
and rod. Payment will only be made for extensions, which are in
addition to the standard extensions specified in Section 02511 and
any extensions specified on the Contract Drawings.
b) Hydrant and secondary valve box extensions are to be installed at

the time of hydrant installation. Hydrant flange grades shall be
provided by the Contract Administrator prior to installation. Should
the Contractor fail to follow the required grade, adjustment shall be
made after the installation and all additional costs shall be at the
Contractor’s expense.
.5 Contingency Item No. 5 - Excavate, Expose and Backfill Watermain or

Appurtenances
a) The unit price stated in the Form of Tender shall be compensation

in full for excavating to expose a watermain or appurtenance,
including service connections, to enable the Contract Administrator
to inspect the condition. The unit price shall also include the
subsequent backfilling and compacting of the excavation.
i) Item No. 5.1 – Total exposure of the main stop, curb stop,
main valve box and/or service pipe exclusively by hand or by
machine including some hand excavation as require.

Page 3 of 6
ii) Item No. 5.2 – Partial exposure of service box or main valve
box exclusively by hand or by machine including some hand
excavation as required to a maximum depth of one (1)
metre.
b) The location of the existing water service connection or main valve

box is to be determined by the Contract Administrator. Where the
location is undetermined, the Contractor shall be paid extra-over
this contingency item to locate the existing service or main valve
box.
.6 Contingency Item No. 6 - Water Service Box Repairs (Extra Over

Contingency Item No. 5)
a) Item No. 6.1 - New Water Service Box
i) The unit price stated in the Form of Tender shall be

compensation in full for supplying and installing a new water
service box complete with stainless steel rod and brass pin
and where required, setting the new service box on a new
cedar block.
ii) If it is found that the rod in a damaged service box is

satisfactory, then the Contractor shall only replace the
service box. When this is the case, payment shall be made
at the rate stated for Item No. 6.1, less the rate stated for
Item No. 6.2.
b) Item No. 6.2 - New Rod Only (Stainless Steel)
The unit price stated in the Form of Tender shall be compensation

in full for removing the existing water service box and rod, installing
a new stainless steel rod and brass pin and resetting the service
box on a new cedar block.
c) Item No. 6.3 - New Lid Only
The unit price stated in the Form of Tender shall be compensation

in full for removing a damaged water service box lid and supplying
and installing a new lid including re-threading as required. The lid
supplied must be a threaded type so that the lid can be screwed
onto the service box.

Works Department
Page 4 of 6
d) Items No. 6.4 to 6.7 - Water Service Box Extensions (Including

Coupling)
i) The unit price stated in the Form of Tender shall be

compensation in full for supplying and installing a water
service box extension including re-threading as required.
The material used for an extension shall be black pipe, the
same diameter as the service box. The pipe is to be
threaded such that a galvanized coupling can be used to join
the extension to the service box and the service box lid shall
be screwed onto the extension. Under no circumstances are
extensions to be used, which fasten to the service box by the
tightening of a setscrew.
ii) When the only work required on a service connection

concerns the repair of a water service box, then the
Contractor shall be paid under Contingency Items 5 and /or
6 to carry out the necessary work.
iii) When a water service box is required, coupled with other

repairs for a water service connection, but not the complete
replacement of the connection, the Contractor shall be paid
under the unit rate for a water service box.
.7 Contingency Item No. 7 - Modify Existing Valve Box
a) The unit price stated in the Form of Tender shall include all plant,
labour, equipment and materials required to modify an existing
screw-type valve box to a watermain slide-type valve box and
adjust to grade.
b) Valve boxes to be modified shall be designated by the Contract

Administrator and no payment shall be made for any valve boxes
modified if authorization is not first obtained from the Contract
Administrator.
c) The excavating, exposing and backfilling of a located main valve

box shall be paid for under Contingency Item No. 5 above except
where the main valve box is exposed during roadway construction.
Boxes exposed within and/or as part of roadway excavation shall
not be paid for under Contingency Item 5.
d) Contingency item No.7.1 shall include, removal and replacement of

the top section of an existing screw type valve box including cutting
off the threaded portion at the top of the bottom section.

Works Department
Page 5 of 6
e) Contingency item No. 7.2 shall include, removal and/or

replacement only with a new lid.
f) Contingency item No. 7.3 shall include, removal of the existing top
section and supply and install a new top section of valve box.
g) Contingency item No. 7.4 shall include, removal of any existing

valve box extensions and/or supply and installation of a new valve
box extension (intermediate section) based on a 450 mm height.
Should a 300 mm extension be required there would not be a
reduction in price, similarly should a 600 mm extension be required
there would not be an increase in price.
h) Contingency item No. 7.5 shall include, removal of the existing

valve box bottom section and replacement with a new valve box
bottom section.
i) Contingency item No.7.6 shall include removal of the existing valve

box and supply in place a new slider- type valve box complete
including lid, top and bottom sections.
.8 Contingency Item No. 8 - Trench Rock Excavation
a) Reference Construction Specification Section 02316 - Rock

Excavation. Minimum size of boulder to qualify for payment under
this Contingency Item shall be 1.0 m3.
b) The unit price stated in the Form of Tender for this item shall be full
compensation for excavating rock within trenches and disposal of
surplus materials.
.9 Contingency Item No. 9 - Calcium Chloride (Flake)
a) Unit price stated shall be compensation in full for supply and

application of flake calcium chloride in accordance with OPSS 506.
Measurement for payment shall be by mass, in tonnes.
1.04 BASIS OF PAYMENT
.1 All work covered under this Section shall be recorded on appropriate

forms and no payment will be considered unless approved by the Contract
Administrator.

Works Department
Page 6 of 6
.2 Use of any of these Contingency Unit Price items shall be limited to a

maximum of $5,000 for each group of items (e.g. Contingency Item No. 1 -
Stone Below Bedding) If payment for any of these groups of items
exceeds $5,000, the Contract Administrator may negotiate a new unit
price for such work in accordance with the General Conditions..
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Page 1 of 3
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies general definitions and other requirements for use
in Region of Durham contracts only.
1.02 SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARD DRAWINGS
.1 These Specifications are an amendment and supplement to the OPSS

and OPSD referenced in these specifications. Referenced OPSS and
OPSD shall apply to the Work unless specified otherwise, however, in the
event of a conflict, the requirements of these Specifications shall take
precedence.
.2 Unless noted otherwise, the latest version of Reference Standards,

Standard Specifications and Standard Drawings, at the time of tender
closing shall apply.
.3 OPSS and OPSD are not bound in the Contract Documents, however, the
Contractor shall be required to have his own copy and to comply with
these specifications or drawings.
1.03 DEFINITIONS
.1 The following definitions shall be used in addition to those contained in

OPSS General Conditions, Subsection 1.04 - Definitions:
a) "RMDCS", shall mean the Regional Municipality of Durham

Construction Specifications for Regional Services, latest edition.
b) "SWAT Crew" shall mean the Region of Durham Works

Department's Sewer and Watermain Appurtenance Testing Crew.
1.04 SAFETY
.1 All Contractors working in the Region of Durham shall follow:
a) The Occupation Health and Safety Act and Regulations for

Construction Projects

Page 2 of 3
b) The Region of Durham's

- Corporate Health and Safety Policies/Programs Manual
- Works Health and Safety Prevention Program
.2 Copies of the Region of Durham's document called "Construction Safety

Program” (latest revision) may be obtained free of charge at: The Regional
Municipality of Durham, Safety Office.
1.05 WHMIS SUBMITTALS
.1 Prior to the commencement of work provide to the Contract Administrator

a list of those products controlled under WHMIS expected to be used in
the performance of the work. Related Material Safety Data Sheets shall
accompany the submission. All containers used in the application of
products controlled under WHMIS shall be labelled.
.2 Notify the Contract Administrator of changes to the list in writing and

provide the relevant Material Safety Data Sheets.
1.06 EXAMINATION OF SITE
.1 Bidders shall visit the work site before submitting their tender to review the
local conditions which may impact upon the construction and conduct of
the work. Bidders shall make their own estimate of the facilities and
difficulties to be encountered including the nature of the subsurface
materials and conditions. The Contractor shall not claim, at any time after
submission of their tender that there was any misunderstanding of the
terms and conditions of the Contract relating to the existing site conditions.
.2 Refer to Geotechnical Investigation Report if provided with Contract

Documents.
.3 Where test holes will be dug on site during tendering period, refer to
Pre-Construction Dig-Up Report provided for information.
.4 Note the presence of overhead electrical wires and all other utilities and
existing site conditions within the limits of this Contract and take these into
consideration in determining bid prices.
1.07 METRIC CONVERSION
.1 Be responsible for all conversion of dimensions from metric units to

imperial units not provided herein or on the drawings.

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.1 All costs related to Division 1 - General Requirements Specifications shall

be deemed to have been included in the appropriate tender item(s) and no
separate or extra payment shall be made therefore.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION
Page 1 of 2
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section outlines requirements for progress documentation, project

meetings and coordination with other Contractors.
1.02 RELATED SPECIFICATION
.1 Construction Specification Section 01725 - Mobilization and

Demobilization
1.03 PROGRESS DOCUMENTATION
.1 The Contractor shall, within fourteen (14) calendar days after award,
submit the proposed construction schedule to the Contract Administrator
for approval.
.2 The construction schedule shall be in the form of a GANTT Chart. The

construction schedule shall show clearly in weekly stages the proposed
progress on the main items, structures and sub-trades of the Contract.
Failure to comply with the submission of the construction schedule as
required shall result in the delay of the first Progress Payment.
.3 The construction schedule shall be reviewed and updated at each

progress meeting.
.4 The Region of Durham may require the Contractor to revise the proposed
construction schedule at any time.
1.04 MEETINGS - GENERAL
.1 Attend any and all project meetings scheduled by Contract Administrator.
1.05 PRE-CONSTRUCTION MEETING
.1 Purpose of Meeting:
a) Identify and introduce personnel.
b) Discuss contract status and commence work order.
c) Discuss and determine communication chain of command between

the various parties. Provide emergency contacts and phone
numbers.

DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION
Page 2 of 2
d) Discuss contract procedures and process of field discussions,

construction schedule, payment certificates, and Contract Change
Orders and Change Directives.
e) Discuss notifications of Ministry of Labour (MOL), emergency

services and utilities.
f) Discuss any other matters that may have arisen.
1.06 PROGRESS MEETINGS
.1 Contract Administrator shall schedule meetings at a designated location

and notice shall be given in writing at least two days before date of
meeting.
.2 Representatives of Contractor attending meeting shall be thoroughly

informed and knowledgeable with respect to proposed topic of discussion
and shall be authorized to act and make commitments with respect to
matters discussed at the meetings.
1.07 CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER CONTRACTOR(S)
.1 Where other work is in progress within or adjacent to the limits of this

Contract, co-operate and co-ordinate with other Contractor(s), Utility
Companies, and the Region of Durham and allow reasonable, free access
to their work at all times.
.2 Co-operate and make suitable working arrangements with other

Contractor(s).
.3 Obtain approval in writing from Contract Administrator for all arrangements

made with other Contractor(s).
.4 Contract Administrator(s) shall determine co-ordination and execution of

work in event that Contractor(s) are unable to reach satisfactory working
agreements.
1.08 PROGRESS OF WORK
.1 Use additional work forces and equipment, or revise method of operation

when progress of work is not sufficient to meet approved construction
schedule.
END OF SECTION

DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES
Page 1 of 3
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for submission of proposed products,

working and shop drawings.
.1 Construction Specification Section 01201 - Substitutions
.2 Region of Durham’s Approved Manufacturers’ Products List
1.03 PROPOSED MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS LIST
.1 Submit a list of proposed manufacturers’ products to be used and the

name of the supplier no later than the Pre-Construction meeting. List shall
include:
a) Sewer Pipe and Appurtenances
b) Watermain Pipe and Appurtenances
c) Maintenance Hole Components, including frames and covers
d) Other items as requested by Contract Administrator
1.04 SHOP DRAWINGS
.1 Shop drawings shall be required for the following:
a) Concrete Pressure Pipe
a) Tunnel liners
b) Other items as requested by the Contract Administrator
.2 Provide six (6) copies of shop drawings to Contract Administrator for

review. Check and initial all shop drawings before submission to Contract
Administrator.
.3 Identify each shop drawing giving references such as:
a) Section of Specification where specified

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Page 2 of 3
b) Location where equipment or material is to be installed
c) Name of manufacturer
d) Other relevant information
.4 Shop drawings for tunnel liners shall indicate method of tunnelling,

polings, wedges, jacks, grout holes, other relevant information with
assembly and erection instructions for the tunnel liner plates.
.5 Tunnel liner plate shop drawings shall be stamped and sealed by a

Professional Engineer licensed/registered by the Professional Engineers
of Ontario.
.6 Shop Drawings shall not be reviewed by Contract Administrator unless

they have been previously checked and initialled by Contractor.
.7 For revisions to shop drawings, make corrections or changes required by

Contract Administrator, and resubmit six (6) copies of revised drawings.
.8 Do not make any changes to shop drawings after final review without
written permission of Contract Administrator.
.9 Review of shop drawings and product data shall not relieve the Contractor
of their responsibilities.
1.05 REVIEW OF WORKING DRAWINGS
.1 The Contractor shall submit to the Contract Administrator all working or

setting drawings required in order to make clear the work proposed. The
Contractor shall make all changes to such drawings that the Region of
Durham may require.
.2 Include in submission all respects in which such drawings differ from the
requirements of the Contract or from previously notified requirements of
the Region of Durham. The Contract Administrator’s review of such
drawings shall not be construed as approval of such differences unless
the Contractor has complied with the preceding sentence hereof and
unless the Contract Administrator has specifically approved such
differences in writing. The Contract Administrator’s review of such
drawings shall not relieve the Contractor from responsibility for the
correctness of the drawings or the adequacy of the details shown on the
drawings.

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.3 Work shall not be carried out before the contract Administrator’s review of
the shop, working or setting drawings relating to such work has been
completed.
1.06 FALSEWORK, SHORING OR BRACING DRAWINGS
.1 Prepare and submit all drawings of all falsework, shoring and bracing to
the Contract Administrator for review when required. All falsework,
shoring and bracing drawings shall bear the seal of a Professional
Engineer licensed to practice in the Province of Ontario, who shall be
responsible for the entire falsework design and drawings. The falsework,
shoring or bracing shall be constructed in accordance with the reviewed
drawings and at least one approved copy of all falsework, shoring and
bracing drawings shall be kept at the site at all times while the falsework,
shoring and bracing is being constructed or used.
1.07 PROCEEDING WITH WORK
.1 Work shall not proceed until shop and/or working drawings have been
reviewed by the Contract Administrator.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SPECIAL PROCEDURES
Page 1 of 8
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for breaking, cutting, drilling,

abrading, grinding, sanding, non-friable asbestos-containing transite
cement pipe using wetting techniques to control fibre release and the work
is only done by means of mechanized heavy equipment or non-powered
hand held tools.
1.02 EXISTING CONDITIONS
.1 Watermain and/or sanitary sewer pipes, as specified or shown on the

Contract Drawings, are presumed to be non-friable asbestos-containing
transite pipe.
1.03 REGULATIONS
.1 Occupational Health & Safety Act R.S.O. 1990 (as amended).
.2 Ontario Ministry of Labour - O. Reg. 278/05 - Designated Substance -

Asbestos on Construction Projects and in Buildings and Repair
Operations, under the Occupational Health & Safety Act.
.3 Ontario Ministry of Labour - R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 837 - Designated

Substances – Asbestos, as amended by O. Reg 279/05.
.4 Ontario Ministry of Environment - R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 347 - General -

Waste Management, under the Environmental Protection Act, as amended
to O. Reg. 395/07.
.5 Ontario Ministry of Transportation - R.R.O. 1990, Regulation 261 -

General, under the Dangerous Goods Transportation Act, as amended to
O.Reg. 252/02.
.6 CSA Standard Z94.4-02: Selection, Use, and Care of Respirators.
1.04 DEFINITIONS
.1 HEPA vacuum: High Efficiency Particulate Aerosol filtered vacuum

equipment with filter system capable of collecting and retaining fibres
greater than 0.3 microns in any direction at 99.97% efficiency.
.2 Amended Water: water with non-ionic surfactant wetting agent added to

reduce water tension to allow thorough wetting of fibres.

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.3 Asbestos-Containing Materials (ACM): material that contains 0.5% per

cent or more asbestos by dry weight.
.4 Asbestos Work Area: area where work takes place which will, or may,
disturb ACM.
.5 Authorized Visitors: Region of Durham, Consulting Engineer or designated

representative, and representative of regulatory agencies.
.6 Non-Friable Material: material that cannot be crumbled, pulverized or

powdered by hand pressure.
.7 Occupied Area: any area of the work site that is outside the Asbestos
Work Area.
.8 Polyethylene: polyethylene sheeting or rip-proof polyethylene sheeting

with tape along edges, around penetrating objects, over cuts and tears,
and elsewhere as required to provide protection and isolation.
.9 Sprayer: garden reservoir type sprayer or airless spray equipment capable

of producing mist or fine spray. Must have appropriate capacity for work.
.10 Worker Decontamination Area: must consist of a designated area adjacent

the Asbestos Work Area suitable for changing into protective clothing and
for storing contaminated protective clothing and equipment.
.11 Type 1: Operation whereby non-friable asbestos-containing materials are

broken, cut, drilled, abraded, grinded, sanded or vibrated and the material
is wetted to control the spread of dust or fibres and the work is done only
by means of non-powered hand-held tools.

broken, cut, drilled, abraded, grinded, sanded or vibrated by means of
power tools attached to HEPA filtered dust collection devices.

broken, cut, drilled, abraded, grinded, sanded or vibrated by means of
power tools that are not attached to HEPA filtered dust collection devices.
1.05 SUBMITTALS
.1 Submit to Consultant necessary permits for transportation and disposal of

asbestos-containing waste and upon completion of work proof that
asbestos-containing waste has been received and properly disposed.

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.2 Submit proof of Contractor's Asbestos Liability Insurance.
.3 Submit proof satisfactory to the Consultant that all employees working

within the Asbestos Work Area have been qualitatively fit tested with
respirators fit for the work to be performed in accordance with the
requirements of CSA Z94.4-02 Selection, Use, and Care of Respirators
and Table 2 of Ontario Regulation 278/05.
1.06 QUALITY ASSURANCE
.1 Regulatory Requirements: comply with Provincial requirements pertaining

to asbestos, provided that in case of conflict with these specifications,
more stringent requirement applies. Comply with regulations in effect at
time Work is performed.
.2 Health and Safety:
.1 Safety Requirements: Worker Protection.
.1 Protective equipment and clothing to be worn by workers

while in Asbestos Work Area include:
.1 Non-powered reusable air-purifying half-mask

respirator equipped with P-100 HEPA filter cartridges,
personally issued to worker and marked as to
efficiency and purpose, suitable for protection against
asbestos and acceptable to Provincial Authority
having jurisdiction.
.1 Workers must have respirators fit-tested

qualitatively or quantitatively prior to use.
Instruction must be provided on the use, care
and maintenance of respirator being used.
.2 Written procedures regarding the selection,

care and use of respirators must be
established. A copy of the procedures shall be
given to and reviewed with each worker who is
required to wear a respirator.
.3 Ensure that no person required to enter an

Asbestos Work Area has facial hair that affects
seal between respirator and face.

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.2 Disposable-type protective clothing that does not

readily retain or permit penetration of asbestos fibres,
consisting of full-body covering including head
covering with snug-fitting cuffs at wrists, ankles, and
neck.
.3 Suitable footwear that does not readily retain or

permit penetration of asbestos fibres, such as high
top rubbers boots or other conventional safety boots
or safety shoes.
.2 Eating, drinking, chewing, and smoking are not permitted in

Asbestos Work Area.
.3 Before leaving Asbestos Work Area, dispose of protective

clothing as contaminated waste as specified in PART 3 -
EXECUTION.
1.07 INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING
.1 Before beginning Work, provide the Region of Durham and/or Consultant

satisfactory proof that every worker has had instruction and training in
hazards of asbestos exposure, in personal hygiene and work practices,
and in use, cleaning, and disposal of respirators and protective clothing.
.2 Instruction and training related to respirators includes, following minimum

requirements:
.1 Fitting of equipment.
.2 Inspection and maintenance of equipment.
.3 Disinfecting of equipment.
.4 Limitations of equipment.
.3 Instruction and training must be provided by a competent, qualified

person.
.1 Payment at the Contract Price for the Asbestos Abatement Training and
for the Removal and Disposal of Asbestos-Cement Pipe shall be full
compensation for all labour, equipment and material to do the work of this
Section.

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.2 Where the Contract does not contain separate items for this work, this
work will be deemed to be included in the Contract Price(s) for those items
for pipe removal.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01 MATERIALS
.1 Drop Sheets:
.1 Polyethylene: 0.15 mm thick.
.2 Fire Rated Polyethylene: 0.15 mm thick woven fibre reinforced

fabric bonded both sides with polyethylene.
.2 Wetting Agent: 50% polyethylene ester and 50% polyethylene ether mixed
with water in a concentration to provide thorough wetting of
asbestos-containing material.
.3 Asbestos waste containers: as impermeable container acceptable to

disposal site and Ministry of Environment (MOE). New materials only.
Labelled as required by the MOE.
.1 Debris and broken pieces should be sealed in a 0.15mm

polyethylene bag, inside a second 0.15 mm polyethylene bag with
appropriate warning labels.
.2 Large sections awaiting removal should be wrapped and sealed at

both ends with 0.15mm polyethylene inside a second 0.15 mm
polyethylene layer with appropriate warning labels.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01 GENERAL
.1 Removal of all asbestos-containing pipe (Transite) shall be conducted as

a Type 1 operation as defined in O.Reg. 278/05

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3.02 PREPARATION
.1 Before beginning Work, isolate Asbestos Work Area using, minimum, pre-
printed cautionary asbestos warning signs that are visible at access routes
to Asbestos Work Area. Signs must clearly say access to the work area is
restricted to persons wearing protective clothing and equipment.
.2 Before beginning Work, isolate temporary Asbestos waste lay down area
using 0.15 mm thick polyethylene and pre-printed cautionary asbestos
warning signs.
.3 Ensure worker decontamination area has been established adjacent

Asbestos Work Area. Facilities for washing hands and face shall be
provided to workers. As a minimum, hygiene measures including soap,
water, and wash cloths must be provided.
.4 Ensure an asbestos labelled waste receptacle is available within or

directly adjacent to the worker decontamination area to allow for disposal
of personal protective clothing.
3.03 REMOVAL
.1 Machine excavate overburden to expose transite pipe creating a trench for

the section of repair or removal.
.2 Hand excavate areas under pipe where cuts and/or breaks are planned.
.3 Excavation operations should be carefully executed to minimize damage

to pipe prior to removal.
.4 Prevent spread of dust from Asbestos Work Area using measures

appropriate to work to be done.
.5 Use fire rate polyethylene drop sheets in Asbestos Work Area where dust
and contamination cannot otherwise be safely contained.
.6 Use only non-powered hand tools (manual pipe cutter or equivalent tool)
to cut/break pipe and drain residual liquids, as applicable.
.7 Plan pipe cuts/breaks as necessary to accommodate the size/weight of

pipe being removed.
.8 Wet materials containing asbestos, using a garden-type, low velocity,

fine mist sprayer, unless wetting creates hazard or causes damage.

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.9 Remove pipe sections from trench using lifting straps or equivalent

methods that do not damage the pipe.
.10 Perform work to reduce dust creation to lowest levels practicable.
.11 Large debris and broken pieces should be collected as asbestos-containing

waste in sealed dust-tight waste bags with appropriate warning labels.
Treat drop sheets and disposable protective clothing as asbestos waste;
wet and fold these items to contain dust, and then place in disposable
bags with appropriate warning labels.
.12 Perform final thorough clean-up of Work areas and adjacent areas
affected by Work using HEPA vacuum.
.13 Contamination of surrounding areas indicated by visual inspection or air

monitoring will require complete enclosure and clean-up of affected areas.
3.04 WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL
.1 Handle and dispose of asbestos waste in accordance with the Occupational

Health & Safety Act, the Environmental Protection Act, the Dangerous
Goods Transportation Act, federal and provincial regulations and applicable
Regional and Local Municipalities regulations.
.2 Dispose of asbestos waste in two sealed, polyethylene drop sheets or two

0.15 mm thick polyethylene bags.
.3 Provide fully enclosed and lockable shipping containers for storage and
transportation of asbestos-containing waste materials.
.4 Keep shipping containers locked at all times and labeled in accordance

with applicable Acts and Regulations.
.5 Remove properly sealed and stored asbestos-containing waste materials

from site using Ministry of the Environment licensed and certified vehicles
and operators
.6 Dispose of asbestos-containing waste materials at a disposal site licensed

for such disposal by the Ministry of the Environment.
.7 Provide Contract Administrator with copies of all receipts/disposal forms

from Ministry of the Environment-licensed disposal site accepting the
asbestos-containing waste materials within seven calendar days of
removal from the site.

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.8 Supervise dumping and ensure that dump operator is fully aware of

hazardous nature of material to be dumped and those guidelines and
regulations for asbestos disposal are followed.
3.05 CLEAN-UP
.1 Frequently during Work and immediately after completion of Work, remove

visibly contaminated soil around the breakage area as asbestos-containing
waste.
,2 Clean exterior of each waste-filled bag using damp cloths or HEPA

vacuum and place in second clean waste bag immediately prior to
removal from Asbestos Work Area.
.3 Large sections of the pipe removed should be wrapped and both ends
should be sealed with 0.15mm polyethylene inside a second 0.15 mm
polyethylene layer with appropriate warning labels.
3.06 WORKER DECONTAMINATION
.1 Ensure each worker washes hands and face when leaving Asbestos Work
Area. Provide clean washcloth, wash basin, soap and potable water in the
worker decontamination area for each individual worker.
.2 All workers shall, before leaving the Asbestos work Area, decontaminate
the protective clothing using a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter, or by
damp wiping, before removing the protective clothing. Protective clothing
that will not be reused must be disposed of as asbestos waste. The strict
separation of clean and contaminated clothing must be maintained.
3.07 INSPECTION
.1 At the completion of Work and cleaning operations, Consultant may

perform site inspection for final cleanliness and completion as well as to
monitor contractor compliance with specification and governing authority
requirements. Deviation from these requirements that have not been
approved in writing by Consultant or Region of Durham may result in Work
stoppage, at no cost to Owner.
.2 Work may be subject to visual inspection and air monitoring.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
Page 1 of 4
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies health and safety administrative requirements for

contractors performing work for the Region of Durham.
1.02 REGION OF DURHAM HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY
.1 Comply with the Region of Durham Corporate Healthy Workplace policy.
.2 Ensure all Subcontractors and suppliers are aware of and comply with all
Region of Durham Health and Safety Programs as requested by the
.3 Provide a copy of Contractor’s current Health and Safety Policies and

Program, to implement that policy prior to the commencement of
construction.
.4 Comply with all Federal, Provincial and Lower Tier Municipality Health and
Safety Acts, Regulations and By-Laws and with all applicable industry safety
standards.
.5 Comply with Ontario Regulation 213/91 (Construction Projects) made under

the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) and all amendments
thereto. Copies of the Regulations may be obtained from the Ministry of
Labour at their Whitby office, Publications Ontario at 880 Bay Street,
Toronto, Ontario M7A 1N8 (Tel. 416-326-5300), or from the Works
Department's Safety Office.
.6 Provide any and all personal protective equipment for Contractor’s own
workers where prescribed.
.7 If any worker fails to comply with any policy, program, or request regarding
health and safety, the Region reserves the right to remove that person(s)
from the Work.
1.03 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
.1 Provide the Region’s Project Manager with a list of Designated Substances

that will be brought to the site prior to commencing work. Materials Safety
Data Sheets (MSDS) and the hazardous material inventory for each
substance listed must be kept on the Project.

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1.04 LIST OF DESIGNATED SUBSTANCES AT THE SITE
.1 In accordance with the requirements of Section 30(1) of the Occupational

Health and Safety Act, the Bidder is hereby advised that the designated
substances listed in the Contract Documents are or may be present on the
site and within the limits of this Contract:
.2 The Contractor shall comply with the governing Ministry of Labour

Regulations respecting protection of workers, removal, handling and
disposition of any Designated Substances encountered in carrying out the
Work proposed on this contract.
.3 Prior to commencement of this work, provide written notification to the

Ministry of the Environment at their York-Durham District Office, 230
Westney Rd. S., 5th floor, Ajax, Ontario L1S 7J5, of the location(s)
proposed for disposal of Designated Substances. Provide a copy of the
notification to the Consultant a minimum of two weeks in advance of such
work starting.
.4 In the event that the Ministry of the Environment has concerns with any
proposed disposal location, further notification shall be provided until the
Ministry of the Environment’s concerns have been addressed.
.5 Should a Designated Substance not identified in the Contract Documents be

encountered the Contractor shall immediately notify the Contract
Administrator of their findings. Management of such substance shall be
treated as Extra Work.
1.05 HEALTH AND SAFETY WARNINGS
.1 The Consultant and the Region shall have the right to document all
Contractors for all health and safety warnings and/or to stop any
Contractor's work if the Contractor fails to comply with any requirements
under this Section.
.2 Similarly, the Consultant and the Region shall have the right to issue
warnings and/or to stop work for any Contractor violations of the contract
including Regional health and safety policy, programs, rules and/or if the
Contractor creates a health or safety hazard.
.3 Written warnings and/or stop work orders shall be given to the Contractor
using the Region’s Contractor Health and Safety Warning / Stop Work Order
Form.

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.4 The Owner reserves the right to have a hazard corrected at the Contractor’s
expense.
1.06 NOTICE OF PROJECT
.1 Notify all regulatory bodies required for construction activities, (i.e., Notice of
Project, employer notification, etc.). Notifications shall include, but not be
limited to, the notification requirements laid out in OHSA Sec 51-53 and the
requirements of Ontario Regulation 213/91 for Construction Projects,
Sections 5, 6 and 7. For the purpose of this contract the Contractor shall be
the “Constructor”.
1.07 CONTRACTOR’S FIELD OFFICE
.1 The Contractor shall post/provide the following in the Contractor’s Site

Office:
 Health and Safety policy and program (Occupational Health and

Safety Act (Section 25.2)
 Occupational Health and Safety Act and Construction Regulations
(Section 25.2)
 M.O.L. Notice of Project (Regulation Section 6.3)
 Name of Occupational Health and Safety Representative (if there is
one) (Regulation Section 13.1)
 Names of Joint Health and Safety Committee members (if is there is
a committee) (Regulation Section 13.1)
 Names of Worker Trade Committee members (if is there is a
committee) (Regulation Section 10.1)
 Sub-Contractor registration (Regulation Section 5.1)
 Emergency procedures (Regulation Section 131)
 Material Safety Data Sheets (or location) (O.H.S.A. Section 17.1)
 First aid certificate(s)
 W.S.I.B. Form 82
 First Aid kit (or location)
 Map to local Hospital
 Fire Extinguisher readily accessible and locations marked
(Regulation Section 52.1)
1.08 INDEMNIFY OWNER FROM LEGAL FEES
.1 Continuously save, keep harmless and fully indemnify the Region, its
elected officials, employees and agents and successors and assigns, from
and against all actions, claims, and demands whatsoever which may be
brought against or made upon the Region and against all types of losses,
liabilities, claims, expenses, costs (including, but not limited to legal fees)

Page 4 of 4
which the Region may incur resulting from or arising out of the Contractor's
failure to exercise reasonable care, skill or diligence in their performance or
rendering of work or service required hereunder to be performed or
rendered by the Contractor, pursuant to the contract.
.2 The Region shall have the right to retain, out of any monies payable by the
Region to the Contractor, the total amount from time to time outstanding of
all damage claims by third parties arising out of this Contract, which have
not been settled by the Contractor or its insurers.
1.09 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONFIRMATION FORM
.1 The Contractor shall complete and submit the “Confirmation of Favourable

Health and Safety Practice Form” within 10 Working Days of being
requested to do so by the Region.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS QUALITY CONTROL
Page 1
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for quality control and testing throughout
progress of work.

Compacting
.2 Construction Specification Section 02318 - Excavation, Backfilling and

Compacting for Structures
.4 Construction Specification Section 02530 - Pipe Sewers
.5 Construction Specification Section 02531 – Sewage Forcemains
.6 Construction Specification Section 02749 - Roadway and Driveway

Restoration
.7 OPSS 310 - Construction Specification for Hot Mix Asphalt
.8 OPSS 314 - Construction Specification for Untreated Granular Subbase,

Base, Surface, Shoulder, and Stockpiling
.9 OPSS 409 – Construction Specification for Closed-Circuit Television

Inspection of Pipelines
1.03 GENERAL
.1 Design, workmanship and materials used for structures shall comply with:
a) Ontario Building Code
b) Building By-Laws of Local Municipalities
c) National Building Code of Canada
.2 Remove from site all materials rejected after delivery.

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.3 Adhere to manufacturer's recommendations with respect to handling,

preparation, installation, testing, operation or protection of any product or
material to be incorporated in work.
.4 Prior to installation check to ensure that all materials supplied are

compatible with each other. Notify Contract Administrator of any materials
that are non-compatible.
.5 The Contract Administrator may with the agreement of the Contractor

conditionally accept any work which is not considered to be in strict
conformance to the specification and extend the warranty period for such
work.
1.04 INSPECTION
.1 All materials supplied by Contractor shall be subject to review and

inspection by Contract Administrator at time of delivery and prior to
installation or placement. Materials will be rejected if they do not meet
contract specifications.
.2 Tests conducted by the Contract Administrator shall include, but not be

limited to, the following:
a) Analysis of granular and asphalt materials.
b) Compaction of backfill and granular material.
c) Others as noted elsewhere.
.3 The Contract Administrator may conduct Quality Assurance testing on

materials and equipment to be incorporated into permanent works before
delivery to site.
.4 Provide facilities for handling and inspection of materials.
1.05 INSPECTION OF GRANULAR MATERIALS
.1 Supply representative granular materials for sampling and testing.
.2 Provide labour and equipment to obtain and handle samples at work site or
at source of materials.

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1.06 COMPACTION TESTING
.1 On Region of Durham contracts, compaction testing will be performed by

the Contract Administrator or his agent.
.2 On subdivision and private contracts, compaction tests shall be performed

by a testing agency provided by the Owner or Owner's Agent unless
otherwise specified. On Local Municipalities contracts, compaction tests
shall be performed by a testing agency provided by the Local Municipalities
or its agent unless otherwise specified. Forward testing result summary to
Region of Durham’s Materials Testing Laboratory weekly.
.3 Testing to be performed throughout progress of work, using a nuclear

densometer, to determine adequacy of compaction.
.4 Contractor's equipment and method of compaction are subject to the

approval of the Contract Administrator.
.5 Co-operate with inspection staff during testing period.
.6 After the Contractor has completed his compaction, compaction tests will be
taken randomly. Re-excavate and re-compact, at the Contractor's expense,
any areas where the tests do not meet the specified degree of compaction.
Compact native materials to 95% Standard Proctor Maximum Dry Density
unless otherwise specified.
.7 On Region of Durham contracts, the following shall apply:
a) Granular Material Quality Assurance
OPSS 314 is amended by the addition of the following:
“Stockpile samples shall be tested by the Contract

Administrator or his designated agent at least 7 days prior to
the expected delivery of such materials to the site. Where the
stockpile samples fail to pass the required tests, 2 more
samples shall be taken from the same stockpile by the
Contract Administrator or his designated agent. Both of these
samples must pass the required tests prior to use of the
stockpiled materials. Any further testing shall be at the
expense of the Contractor.
The Contractor shall not supply materials from unapproved

sources. Where such materials are delivered to the site, the
Contractor shall immediately remove such materials from the
site at his expense.

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Stockpile samples passing an initial testing shall not be taken

as final acceptance of materials for incorporation into the
Work. Sampling and test results from these tests shall only
determine acceptability of materials for delivered to the site.
Final testing of delivered materials shall be the
determining factor for acceptance of materials into the
Work.”
b) Random Testing of Delivered Granular Materials
Random testing of delivered granular materials shall be conducted by

the Contract Administrator or his designated agent and at a
frequency determined by the Contract Administrator.
Two samples shall be taken for testing. All sampling and testing shall
be conducted in accordance with MTO and OPSS testing procedures
and in compliance with the C.C.I.L. Aggregate Certification program.
Testing of delivered granular materials shall include, as a minimum,
gradation testing and percent crushed particles where applicable.
The Contractor shall be notified in writing of any material test failures
as soon as reasonably possible and a second test shall be arranged
as soon as possible using the second sample. If the second sample
fails to pass testing, the material shall be immediately removed and
replaced with acceptable material.
The Contractor shall be responsible for notifying the Contract

Administrator of expected delivery times for materials brought to the
site in order that the Contract Administrator can obtain samples of
delivered materials on a timely basis.
c) Asphalt Quality Assurance
The Contract Administrator shall conduct Quality Assurance testing

at a frequency deemed necessary by the Region for the purpose of
verification of mix compliance and density of the placed asphalt.
In the case of dispute, the Contractor may request, in writing, with

technical reasons, the Region to undertake a coring and testing
program to check the mix. If the rejectable mix is confirmed the
Contractor shall be responsible for the cost of the coring and testing
program. The Contractor shall be responsible for filling all holes
resulting from coring with hot mix asphalt and shall provide
compaction by means of a mechanical method acceptable to the

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.8 The Region of Durham may, at its discretion, and with the agreement of the
Contractor, conditionally accept borderline work and extend the warranty
period by of a period of not less than 1 year.
1.07 CAMERA INSPECTION
.1 All new main sewers installed, regardless of size, shall be inspected by a

closed circuit television camera (CCTV) unit. The Contractor shall perform
the CCTV inspection except on Region of Durham contracts. On Region of
Durham contracts, the Region shall perform the CCTV inspection unless
specified otherwise and the Contractor shall perform all other requirements
of this Section including but not limited to flushing of sewers.
.2 CCTV inspections shall be performed in accordance with OPSS 409 and as

specified herein. The CCTV inspection shall be carried out after the
maintenance holes are raised to grade and prior to base asphalt being
placed. Where a conflict exists between this Section and OPSS 409, the
requirements of this Section shall take precedence. CCTV operators shall
have successfully attained National Association of Sewer Service
Companies (NASSCO) Pipeline Assessment & Certification Program
(PACP) certification. Certification under the former North American
Association of Pipeline Inspectors (NAAPI) is an acceptable alternative
provided such NAAPI certification has not expired.
.3 The Contractor shall ensure that the site is easily accessible by the CCTV
"Survey Vehicle" and the Region of Durham’s SWAT crew vehicles.
.4 All main sewers which are to be placed into service immediately after
installation (in order to remove a by-pass system) shall be inspected by a
CCTV inspection before being placed into service.
.5 Where new service connections are connected to an existing storm sewer

or sanitary sewer, the mainline sewer shall be inspected by CCTV camera.
.6 Complete the sewer system, flush the sewers and perform low flow
simulation in Subdivisions in accordance with Section 02530 prior to
carrying out the CCTV camera inspection.
.7 The CCTV camera inspection shall be performed by an experienced firm

using at least 1 complete inspection CCTV unit with 1 competent and
experienced operator and 1 helper.

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.8 The inspection shall be performed in accordance with OPSS 409 on one

maintenance hole-to-maintenance hole section of sewer at a time or a
maximum of two sections if length, grade, direction and flow permit. The
inspection shall be performed in a forward and/or backward direction,
according to line conditions at the time of inspection.
.9 Keep the picture in focus during the inspection from the point of observation
to a minimum of two pipe diameters ahead. Stop the camera for 5 seconds
at all major defects, connections, junctions, and major branches. Rotate and
pan the camera to provide perpendicular view of all major defects,
connections, and junctions. Major defects to be inspected shall include, but
not to be limited to, deformed sewers, holes, large displaced joints, missing
mortar, obstructions and large open joints.
.10 Sewer laterals shall be inspected when ordered by the Contract

Administrator when defects are suspected during CCTV inspection of sewer
main (e.g. open joints, infiltration, steady flow). In such cases, the lateral will
be inspected using a pan and tilt CCTV camera.
.11 Subsection 409.06.03 of OPSS 409 is revised by deleting the last three 3
paragraphs and replacing them with the following: “Each survey unit shall be
equipped with a CCTV camera mounted on a self-propelled, track-equipped
base unit.”
.12 Digital Video Recording
Subsection 409.06.04.03 of OPSS 409 is deleted and replaced with the

following:
“Each video file shall be encoded in both standard .MPEG and .RV formats.
Provide two files (one in each video format) per sewer section, in colour
from the live video source with the following requirements:
a) MPEG-1 formatted file at 2.4 Mbits/s (.mpeg file extension)

b) RealVideo 10 or later formatted file at minimum 500 kbps (.rv file
extension)
c) NTSC 352 x 240 at a frame rate of 29.97 frames per second (.mpeg
and .rv)
d) Sewer DAT format shall include a standard of recording both the
DVD reference ID and the time index of the features
e) DVD referencing ID shall be created using the format
YYYYMMDDCCCCTT (year, month, day, contractor, disk number)
and clearly labelled.”

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.13 Inspection Report
Subsection 409.07.05.01 of OPSS 409 is deleted and replaced with the

following:
“a) A television and work report, in log form, as well as a computerized

Report Generation System using WRC coding, shall be maintained
during the CCTV camera inspection.
b) This computerized Report Generation System must produce raw data

that can be converted to a MS-DOS compatible file, in MDB format
(MS Access 2003 SP3).
c) This data must be automatically generated from a common data

source for consistency. Reports are to be created at the time of
inspection in the CCTV units.
d) The log, as well as the computerized Report Generation System,

shall show the exact location of each defect discovered. The
reference locations shall include the distance away from the starting
maintenance hole and also the position of the defect as referenced to
the axis of the pipe. Each comment must have a starting and ending
distance (where applicable), so that the elapsed distance can be
calculated for such problems as deposits and ponding.
e) The log and computerized Report Generation System, shall record

the location of all service connections, including service connections
to maintenance holes together with a comment as to whether or not
the service connections are leaking. If required by the Contract
Administrator, the camera shall be stopped or reversed to allow for
closer examination of any suspect areas.
f) The computerized system utilized must have the ability to use a

comment selection with weighted analyses specified by the Region of
Durham. It must have the ability to regenerate the other reports and
files submitted and reports must be programmable.
g) The Report Generation System, and a compatible raw information

editor must be available for the Region of Durham to purchase, if
they choose. The inspection report(s) shall be logged using metric
measurements (metres) using Operations Inventory Maintenance
Hole Numbers and sewer sections shall be labelled as Upstream
Maintenance Hole Number to Downstream Maintenance Hole
Number.

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h) A Table of Contents shall be included in each report indicating the

following information for each section of sewer inspected:
i) Street Name
ii) Pipe Section Number
iii) Upstream Area Number
iv) Upstream Maintenance Hole Number
v) Downstream Area Number
vi) Downstream Maintenance Hole Number
vii) Pipe Material
viii) Pipe Diameter
ix) Pipe Length
x) Date Inspected
xi) Contract No. or Regional Subdivision File No.
i) The final inspection report shall include the typed report with prints
attached, and a DVD disk containing both the sewer.dat file and the
camera video. Sanitary and storm reports, and their accompanying
DVD shall be kept separate.
j) Where more than one report (book and DVD) is submitted, reports
shall be numbered consecutively, including the year, with no missing
or duplicated numbers. (Example: DVD 2011-01). If a single DVD
requires two books, the books are to be numbered Book 1 and Book
2. Report numbers are to be included on the front cover of all books.
k) Section length shall be measured from centreline of maintenance

hole to centreline of maintenance hole and should agree with the TV
inspection length except in reversals where the TV inspection length
will be less than the section length. The section length shall be
manually measured on all reversals.
l) The entire section shall be recorded in colour, on DVDs, complete

with street name, area number, maintenance hole numbers, size and
type of pipe and chainages on a video overlay. Any sewer which is
not under a street shall be referred to as an easement. The DVD
shall be recorded in the same sequence as the report. A separate
report shall be submitted with each DVD. The computerized
programmed data must be able to give certain information requested
by the Region of Durham, such as road surface, depth at
maintenance hole, opposite house number, pipe size.

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.14 Subsection 409.07.04.01 of OPSS 409 is revised as follows:
Delete the third paragraph and replace with the following:
“A pan and tilt camera shall be used for all sizes of pipe. Each
camera must have an accepted sample submissions report prior to
being used for inspection work. The camera lens shall be kept
clean at all times during inspection.”
Delete the ninth paragraph and replace with the following:
"At the start of each maintenance hole length, a data generator shall
electronically generate and clearly display on the viewing monitor and
video recording a record of data in alpha-numeric form containing the
following minimum information:
a) Automatic update of the camera's metre reading position in

the pipeline from adjusted zero.
b) Pipeline dimensions.
c) Upstream and downstream maintenance hole numbers/pipe

length reference numbers.
d) Pipe material
e) Date of survey
f) Contract number or Region of Durham subdivision file number,

as applicable.
g) Road name/location
h) Direction of survey.
i) Time of start of survey.
j) Pipeline use."
.15 Provide assistance as required and bear the total costs of all labour,
equipment and materials for such CCTV inspections. All DVDs, reports and
data provided from this inspection shall become the property of the Region
of Durham and shall be submitted as part of the as-built sketches and
drawings submitted for completion acceptance.

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1.08 HYDROSTATIC TESTING
.1 Hydrostatic testing of new watermains, sewage forcemains and siphons

shall be performed by the Region of Durham unless noted otherwise.
.2 Reference Section 02511 – Watermains and Section 02531 – Sewage

Forcemains.
1.09 WATERMAIN CHLORINATION
.1 New watermain chlorination and bacteriological testing shall be performed

by the Region of Durham unless noted otherwise.
.2 Reference Section 02511 - Watermains.
.1 Payment for all labour, equipment and materials to be included in

Contractor’s bid prices to do the work.
.2 Payment for any re-testing by Region of Durham required due to

unsatisfactory results shall be borne by Contractor.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS TEMPORARY UTILITIES
Page 1 of 5
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies the requirement for supplying potable water,

maintaining sewage and storm flows when they have been interrupted by
the Contractor's construction operations.
.1 OPSS 493 - Construction Specification for Temporary Potable Water

Supply Services
.2 Ontario Regulation 169/03 Water Quality Standards and 269/03 for

Drinking Water Systems
.3 ANS/AWWA C651 – Disinfecting Watermains
1.03 SUBMITTALS
.1 Submit proposal for supplying potable water to Contract Administrator for

review and approval one (1) week prior to commencement of the contract.
.1 Basis of payment to be as set out in Special Provisions.
.2 Cost of hydrant permit shall be borne by Contractor.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 PRODUCTS
.1 Watermains and Appurtenances – NSF61
.2 Holding Tanks – MOE approved
.3 Backflow Device – CSA B64

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Page 2 of 5
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.01 POTABLE WATER SUPPLY
.1 Construct temporary potable water supply services to OPSS 493.
.2 Obtain water from an approved source.
.3 Potable water shall conform to MOE Ontario Regulation 169/03 Water

Quality Standards and 269/03, Drinking Water Systems.
.4 Use temporary above ground watermains, service connections, materials

and fittings that are approved for potable water use or NSF61 approved
materials.
.5 Vessels to be used as holding tanks for potable water shall be approved

for use by the MOE as potable water containers. Contract Administrator
may require verification of condition of vessel for storage of potable water
including but not limited to sample testing.
.6 Do not commence installation of the potable water supply system

(temporary by-pass or holding tanks) until approval has been given by the
.7 Connect potable water supply system to customers prior commencing

work which may affect normal water supply.
.8 Continue to supply potable water until the Contract Administrator orders

supply to cease.
.9 Provide potable water supply during construction work using one of the
following methods:
a) Temporary Connection to Existing Watermain(s)
i) Supply and install temporary watermain by-pass line and

service connections complete with valves, check valves and
backflow prevention devices as required

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ii) A CSA B64 approved double check valve assembly backflow

prevention device shall be supplied and installed by the
Contractor on the hydrant prior to making the connection
with the temporary by-pass line. The Contractor shall supply
to the Contract Administrator a current test report verifying
that the backflow prevention device is operating to CSA B64
Standards.
iii) Where the Contractor is to connect to the existing water

distribution system via a hydrant, the Contractor shall obtain
a Hydrant Permit from the Region of Durham before making
such connection.
iv) Protect the installation from damage at all road and driveway
crossings and any other points where vehicular and/or
pedestrian traffic can be expected.
v) Protect installation from freezing.
vi) Maintain temporary watermain by-pass and water service

lines in a safe and operative condition at all times and
prevent injury to persons and damage to property.
vii) Individual property connections shall be 15 mm or 20 mm in

diameter, designed to carry potable water at a working
pressure of 860 kPa (125 psi), free from defects in material
and workmanship. The pipe, hose and all other materials
which are to be furnished by the Contractor for use in
conjunction with the temporary service pipe and temporary
connections to property services and branches shall be
approved by the Contract Administrator, and shall be fully
adequate to withstand the pressures and all other conditions
of use and shall be of material which does not impart any
taste or odour to the water.
The temporary pipe and fittings shall be able to withstand the

design pressure with minimal visible leakage. Care shall be
exercised throughout the installation of any temporary pipe
and service fittings to avoid any possible contamination of
any Region of Durham watermain or services or
contamination of the temporary service pipe proper.
viii) Disinfect the temporary by-pass line in accordance with

ANSI/AWWA C-651 Standards, continuous feed method. All
chlorinated water shall be neutralized prior to discharge.

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ix) The watermain shall be returned to service and the

temporary water supply lines shall be removed only after
receiving orders from the Contract Administrator.
b) Temporary Portable Tanks and Trucked-In Water
i) Supply and install closed tanks of 2,000 to 2,500 litre

capacity beside building to be served together with
connecting pipe to existing plumbing in building to provide
water supply under pressure.
ii) Insulate temporary tanks and connecting pipe as necessary

to prevent freezing and to ensure continued operation of
water supply.
iii) Reconnect building plumbing to existing water supply;

removal of the temporary tanks and pipe work shall be
completed only after receiving orders from the Contract
Administrator.
.9 All tanks, piping and other components of the Contractor’s temporary

water supply system shall become the property of the Contractor when no
longer required for the Contract.
.10 The Region of Durham shall take water samples from the temporary water
line effluent for residual and bacteriological testing after disinfection has
been completed. Bacteriological testing shall not be considered a
regulatory sample.
.11 Do not connect the temporary potable water supply system to existing
plumbing until all bacteriological tests indicate that the water meets
Ontario Regulation 169/03 Water Quality Standards and on the order of
the Contract Administrator
3.02 MAINTAINING EXISTING SEWERAGE FLOWS
.1 Maintain existing sanitary sewerage flows, where applicable, and provide

alternative interim service utilizing duplicate portable sewage pumps, tank
trucks and other approved means. Prevent interruption to service
throughout the construction period and until the new works are placed in
service.
.2 Provide and install all temporary sumps, bulkheads and/or other works in
existing sewers, maintenance holes and service connections and provide
temporary pumps in duplicate and pipelines to dewater and control the
sewage.

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.3 Discharge sewerage flows only to those sanitary sewers remaining in

service or to tank trucks for approved disposal. Under no circumstances
shall contaminated water be discharged or permitted to enter any drainage
or natural watercourse.
.4 Temporarily drain or pump any leakage to permit work to be performed in

the dry. The Contractor’s method shall be subject to the approval of the
3.03 DRAINAGE DITCHES AND STORM SEWERS
.1 All ditches, drainage channels and/or storm sewer systems, which may be
affected by construction shall have their flows maintained at all times
during construction, unless permission to the contrary has been obtained
from the Contract Administrator. No extra cost shall be incurred by the
Region of Durham for this work.
.2 Make allowance in prices for any problems that may be encountered as a

result of ditch flows or storm sewer flows. Drainage shall not be impeded
nor shall blockages or water backups be permitted. Any damage as a
result of water or flooding shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS CONSTRUCTION FACILITIES
Page 1 of 2
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for Contract Administrator’s field

office. This Section shall apply only to contracts tendered by the Region
of Durham.
1.02 MEASUREMENT FOR PAYMENT
.1 Payment shall be made for each month (and part month at a pro-rated
amount), which the field office is in use as directed by the Contract
Administrator.
.1 Unit price stated in Form of Tender, unless otherwise specified, shall be

compensation in full for all labour, equipment and materials required to do
the work.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 FIELD OFFICE TRAILER
.1 Supply and maintain a reasonably new trailer in well-maintained condition

for exclusive use of the Contract Administrator for duration of Contract.
.2 Minimum size as stated in the Special Provisions. Minimum size to be 25

m²
.3 Trailer to be weatherproofed, insulated, electrically heated and electrically

lighted. Provide adequate thermostatically controlled heating and air
conditioning to maintain inside temperature at 20 °C to 24 °C year round.
Trailer shall be have electricity provided by connection to hydro service
and not via generators unless previously approved by the Region of
Durham.
.4 Minimum four windows to open complete with fly screens.
.5 Doors to be fitted with cylinder locks with the Contract Administrator in

possession of all keys.
.6 Combination scanner/printer with ability to print/scan letter and legal sized

paper.

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS CONSTRUCTION FACILITIES
Page 2 of 2
.7 High speed internet service either via either land line or mobile stick.
.8 Parking space to accommodate a minimum of five (5) vehicles.
.9 Sanitary facilities separate for the Contract Administrator, to be flush type

and have locking latch on door.
.10 Fixtures to include:
- one (1) desk with lockable drawers

- one (1) padded task chair with arm rests, five-point base and casters
- one (1) locking, legal-size filing cabinet, minimum two drawers
- one (1) drafting table with drafting chair
- six (6) padded chairs (stacking type)
- one (1) wall-mounted pencil sharpener
- one (1) waste basket
- one (1) mini-refrigerator, minimum 3.2 cu. ft.
- one (1) combination hot and cold water cooler
- two (2) meeting tables, each approximately 900 mm x 1800 mm
- one (1) Class A-B-C fire extinguisher, wall-mounted
- one (1) first aid kit (St. John Ambulance, Ontario Level 1 Workplace Kit
or reviewed equivalent), including replacement supplies as ordered by
the Contract Administrator
.11 Provide security protection as required.
.12 Property and Contents Insurance - The Contract Administrator’s trailer

shall be insured and all contents shall be insured for replacement value up
to and including $25,000.
3.01 TRAILER SETUP
.1 Trailer shall be set up in an approved location with hydro and internet

service activated within seven (7) days of notification to commence work
or actual work commencement whichever occurs first. Failure to comply
shall result in the Region of Durham providing the required trailer and
back-charging the Contractor.
.2 Site shall be restored and condition equivalent or better than existed prior
to the Contractor moving on site.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS TRAFFIC CONTROL
Page 1 of 4
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for control of traffic during

construction operations on Region of Durham contracts.
.1 Ontario Traffic Manual (OTM), Book 7 - Temporary Conditions, current

revision.
.2 OPSS 706 - Construction Specification For Traffic Control Signing.
1.03 GENERAL
.1 OPSS 706 is amended by the deletion of all references to “M.U.T.C.D.”

and its replacement with “the latest edition of the appropriate Book of the
Ontario Traffic Manual”.
.2 In Section 706.03 of OPSS 706, the definition of “Manual” is deleted and

replaced with the following:
Manual: means the Ontario Traffic Manual, Book 7, March 2001.
.3 Conduct operations along roads and highways in accordance with Ontario

Traffic Manual (OTM), Book 7 - Temporary Conditions, current revision.
.4 Maintain work site in a condition, which shall allow access for Region of
Durham staff and vehicles.
.5 Comply with local Police, Fire Department and EMS requirements

regarding notification of all interested parties concerning the construction
work and provisions for traffic movement.
.6 Provide paid duty police officers for traffic control in or near intersections
where traffic is required to move against normal traffic signal cycles.
.7 Comply with all Region of Durham and Local Municipalities traffic

regulations and by-laws.

Page 2 of 4
1.04 TRAFFIC CONTROL AND STAGING PLAN
.1 Submit a traffic control and staging plan for review by the Contract
Administrator at least two (2) weeks prior to commencement of
construction activities and material deliveries. Include both a narrative
description of the proposed construction methods and a neat,
dimensioned drawing showing typical layout of traffic control measures in
each stage of the work and how the Contractor intends to maintain traffic
as specified in the Contract Documents provide specific references to
appropriate typical layouts in OTM. Traffic control plan shall consider the
movement of both vehicular and pedestrian traffic and the impacts on
abutting properties and businesses. Ensure that properties with more
than one entrance shall have a minimum of one entrance maintained at all
times.
.2 Design roadway work zones with specific consideration for worker safety,
road user and pedestrian safety, and community mobility, with proper
advanced warning of the work zone and proper site identification.
.3 If the Contractor requires any temporary deviations from the above the
Contractor must receive approval from the Contract Administrator. The
Contract Administrator must receive a minimum of three (3) working days
notice prior to the Contractor's proposed temporary deviations.
.4 The required number of traffic lanes shall be maintained in good condition

with a minimum of 3.3 m width per lane. Unless otherwise specified, all
traffic lanes, including any temporary lanes, to be asphalt surfaced.
Any rutting, potholes or other significant surface deterioration shall be
repaired immediately.
.5 The Contract Administrator reserves the right to order the Contractor to

retain the services of an acceptable traffic control specialist firm if, in the
Contract Administrator's sole opinion, the Contractor continually fails to
provide acceptable traffic control measures.
.6 The Contract Administrator may issue a Stop Work Order to the

Contractor if the Contractor’s operations jeopardize the safety of the
public. In such case, the Contractor shall immediately make the Work
Area safe and comply with the Stop Work Order. The Contractor shall not
be permitted to continue working until he can demonstrate to the
satisfaction of the Contract Administrator that traffic control shall be
carried out in an acceptable manner. Issuance of a Stop Work Order for
this, or any other cause, shall be at the sole expense of the Contractor.
The Contract Administrator shall not consider an extension of the time to
substantially perform or complete the Work due to issuance of any Stop
Work Order with regards to traffic control.

Page 3 of 4
1.05 SIGNING AND BARRICADING
.1 The Contractor shall be responsible to supply and erect all construction

signs, barricades, delineators, flashing lights and such other devices and
protection as may be required by the Ontario Traffic Manual, Book 7 and
the Contract Drawings both inside and outside the Working Area. Any
other traffic control devices ordered by the Contract Administrator shall be
paid “extra over” to the Contract.
.2 The Region of Durham shall be responsible for all detour signage and a
work identification sign (where required) at all approaches to the Working
Area.
.3 The Contractor shall check the Working Area daily to ensure that all
necessary signing, barricading and flashing lights are placed correctly,
clean and operating satisfactorily.
1.06 DELIVERY AND TRUCKING
.1 Plan and schedule the routes of vehicles transporting all materials to, from
or within the Working Area, so that vehicular movements are
accomplished with minimum interference and interruptions to traffic.
.2 The Region of Durham reserves the right to alter or reject proposed

delivery and trucking routes as considered necessary. The Contractor
shall notify suppliers of materials and equipment of the above
requirements.
1.07 VEHICULAR ACCESS TO ADJACENT PROPERTIES
.1 Vehicular access to all properties within and adjacent to the Working Area
shall be maintained at all times except when Contractor’s operations
reasonably necessitate a temporary restriction. Such restrictions shall be
kept to a minimum and shall be co-ordinated with the affected property
owner or occupant. Vehicular access shall be the responsibility of the
Contractor. All traffic arrangements shall be subject to the approval of the
Contract Administrator and the Local Municipalities.
1.08 ROAD CLOSURE PROCEDURE
.1 The following procedures shall apply for any work requiring the temporary
closure of a Regional Road.
.2 The Contractor shall provide the Region a minimum of fifteen (15) Working
Days advanced notice of a planned road closure where such closure is
permitted in the Contract.

Page 4 of 4
.3 The Region will notify Emergency Services, School Boards, Durham Region
Transit and Local Municipalities before the Contractor may close any
roadway to traffic. The Region will arrange for advance notice and detour
signing.
.1 Payment to be included in the appropriate Traffic Control tender item.

Where a specific Traffic Control item is not included in the Tender, include
all costs for Traffic Control under Mobilization and Demobilization.
END OF SECTION

DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS TEMPORARY BARRIERS
Page 1 of 2
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section outlines additional requirements related to site safety.

Compacting

.3 Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. [1990] and Construction

Regulation 213/91
PART 2 – PRODUCTS - Not applicable
3.01 PROTECTION OF OPEN TRENCHES AND EXCAVATIONS
.1 In addition to the provisions of Sections 02315 and 02318 and Ontario

Regulation 213/91 made under the Occupational Health and Safety Act,
R.S.O. [1990], and in particular Part III - Excavations, employ the following
protection measures for trenches and excavations left open at the end of
the work day or where, during any work day, a trench or excavation is left
unattended by the Contractor.
.2 Where the public has access to the perimeter of an excavation, install a

barrier at least 1.1 m high around the complete perimeter of the
excavation. Vertical supports must be secure, have a spacing of not more
than 1.1 m and be a minimum distance of 300 mm from the top of the wall
of the excavation. The barrier shall include a fencing fabric, with openings
not exceeding 100 mm, securely attached to the vertical supports at the
top, center and bottom and spacing not exceeding 100 mm. If the
excavation is greater than 0.3 m in depth, install toe board with the fencing
fabric securely fastened to it to prevent persons from slipping under the
fabric and into the excavation. If an excavation is adjacent to a sidewalk
or an area commonly used by the public as a walkway or recreation area,
the fencing fabric shall be a metal mesh.

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS TEMPORARY BARRIERS
Page 2 of 2
.3 Where an excavation is greater than 1.0 m in depth, and the public has
access to the perimeter, signs shall be posted indicating “Danger Due to
Excavation”.
.4 Ensure barriers are in good condition and stable prior to vacating the
project at the end of each work day.
.5 A Crowd Control Barrier meeting the requirements of Region Standard S-

301.030 will be deemed an acceptable barrier for this purpose provided
the barriers are satisfactorily secured to the ground so that they cannot be
moved.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Page 1 of 7
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for environmental controls including

control of noise, dust, mud, surface water and erosion as well as various
pollution control methods and handling of designated substances.
.1 Construction Specification Section 01301 - General Instructions
.2 Construction Specification Section 01890 - Preservation, Protection and

Reconstruction
.3 Construction Specification Section 02240 - Dewatering
.4 OPSS 180 - Construction Specification for Management and Disposal of

Excess Material
.5 OPSS 506 - Construction Specification for Dust Suppressants
.6 OPSS 805 - Construction Specification for Temporary Erosion and

Sediment Control Measures
1.03 CONTROL MEASURES
.1 Noise Controls
a) Use vehicles and equipment with effective muffling devices.
b) Provide and use devices that will minimize noise level in

construction area.
c) Establish and maintain site procedures such that noise levels from
construction areas are minimized.
d) Control noise level in accordance with Local Municipalities, by-laws

and MOE Standards.

Page 2 of 7
.2 Dust Controls
a) Prevent dust nuisance resulting from construction operations at all

locations on site and adjacent neighbourhoods.
b) Use water or calcium chloride to control dust.
c) Minimize use of calcium chloride particularly in close proximity to

watercourses or agricultural lands.
d) Transport dusty materials in covered haulage vehicles.
.3 Surface Water Control
a) Control all surface water and groundwater including rainfall run-off,

seepage from cofferdams and diversion channels, and ice and
snow. Ensure that erosion is controlled and that flooding of
excavations or damage to structures does not occur.
b) Intercept and divert surface drainage away from excavations and

any groundwater monitoring devices where used. Intercept surface
drainage as far back from excavations as practical by means of
ditches, berms or other interception methods as may be required
for effective control.
c) Direct pumped water or run-off to settling ponds or sediment basins

prior to discharge to adjacent storm sewers or watercourses.
d) Provide settling ponds and sediment basins in accordance with

local Conservation Authority guidelines.
i) Provide straw bales, filter berms or sand bags as required to

retard and filter run-off prior to discharge to storm sewers or
watercourses.
ii) Clean out settling ponds from time to time so that sediment
discharge is prevented.
e) Intercept and divert concentrated run-off from unstable areas under

sheet flow conditions, as directed by the Contract Administrator.
d) Not direct any flow of water across or over pavements, except

through approved pipes or properly constructed troughs.

Page 3 of 7
g) Keep gutters and drainage ditches open at all times to provide

adequate surface drainage. Construct and/or realign ditches as
required to perform the Work.
h) Maintain all existing storm sewers clean and free of deleterious

materials and blockages.
i) Provide splash pads of suitable size and design to prevent erosion

where water is discharged to watercourse.
j) Dispose of water so as not to be injurious to public health or safety,

to property or to any part of work completed or under construction.
.4 Erosion Control:
a) Removal of vegetation to be kept to a minimum.
b) Excavate and stabilize temporary channel beds prior to any

diversion of flow.
c) Compact, stabilize and rip-rap banks that have been disturbed or

damaged during construction.
d) Install, maintain and remove all erosion control measures as shown

on Contract Drawings and/or as specified in the Special Provisions.
e) Prior to any grading or filling, roadside ditches are to be protected

with rock check dams or staked straw bales, as required to trap
sediment and prevent its entry into watercourses. Sediment
barriers shall also be provided upstream of all ditch inlet catch
basins to prevent entry of sediment into the storm sewer system.
Maintain barriers and remove sediment in accordance with OPSS
805 until ground coverage is established.
f) All filled/graded areas where applicable, are to be consolidated and

re-vegetated as soon as these activities are complete, to prevent
erosion.
1.04 SENSITIVE AREAS
.1 Contract Administrator shall identify any unique natural areas, habitats of

rare or endangered species or other sanctuary areas that require care.

Page 4 of 7
.2 Inform Contract Administrator in writing of schedule for each river

crossing, channelizing or other work in designated sensitive areas.
.3 Avoid encroachment on unique natural areas.
.4 Do not disturb habitats of rare or endangered species.
.5 Protect wetland sites used as feeding or breeding areas by migratory

fowls or as habitats for other animals.
.6 Schedule construction in sensitive areas so that there shall be minimal

interference with water uses including fish migration or spawning, or
disruption of incubation period of eggs.
.7 Keep removal of vegetation to a minimum.
.8 Contain and deposit on land all aquatic plants uprooted or cut prior to or
during construction.
1.05 CHANNEL DIVERSIONS AND STREAM CROSSINGS
.1 Maintain adequate stream flow whenever temporary rivers, dams or

stream diversions are required to avoid interference with downstream
water uses.
.2 Do not permit equipment to cross watercourses except at locations

identified on the contract drawings. Reference contract documents for
additional restrictions.
.3 Do not restrict or impede movement of migrating fish.
.4 Clean up stream channel upon completion of work. Clean up to include

removal of any temporary structures, reshaping of stream to an approved
configuration, restoration of stream bed, protection of stream banks and
removal of all construction materials and debris.
1.06 WAYSIDE PITS AND QUARRIES
.1 Obtain approval from the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) where

Contractor intends to use an existing or to open a new wayside pit, quarry
or borrow pit on this work. All permits shall be obtained in accordance to
MNR regulations and all fees shall be paid by the Contractor.

Page 5 of 7
.2 Release of any special holdback retained on Region of Durham road

construction projects for this purpose is subject to receipt by the Region of
Durham of confirmation by the Pits and Quarries Inspector of the MNR
that any wayside pit or quarry for which a permit has been issued for the
purpose of supplying material to the project has been satisfactorily
rehabilitated.
1.07 CLEANING EQUIPMENT
.1 Clean construction equipment prior to entering roadways.
.2 Do not clean equipment in watercourses.
.3 Do not clean equipment in locations where debris may gain access to

sewers or watercourses.
1.08 REFUELLING AREAS
.1 Review in detail proposed route of construction to plan access routes and

fuelling areas, and obtain approval from the Contract Administrator.
.2 Establish suitable fuelling and maintenance areas and obtain approval

from Contract Administrator.
.3 Store fuel in accordance with MOE and other applicable authorities.
.4 Do not fuel equipment within 30 metres of any watercourse unless non-

spill facilities are used.
1.09 SPILLS
1. Spills or discharge of pollutants or contaminants that are a result of the

Contractor's operations which cause or are likely to cause adverse effects
shall immediately be reported to the local District Office of the MOE and
the Contract Administrator. Such spills or discharges and their adverse
effects shall be as defined in the Environmental Protection Act, R.S.O.
1990.
.2 Submit procedures for interception, rapid clean-up and disposal of any

spillage that may occur, for Contract Administrator's review prior to
commencing work.
.3 Be prepared at all times to intercept, clean-up and dispose of any spillage

that may occur whether on land or water.

Page 6 of 7
.4 Keep all materials required for clean-up of spillages readily accessible on

site.
.5 All spills or discharges of liquid, other than accumulated rainwater, from

luminaires, internally illuminated signs, lamps, and liquid type transformers
under the control of the Contractor, shall be assumed to contain PCB's
and shall immediately be reported to the Contract Administrator.
.6 This reporting shall not relieve the Contractor of his legislated

responsibilities regarding such spills or discharges.
1.10 TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS
.1 Comply with Federal Regulation "Transport of Dangerous Goods Act,

1992" administered in the Province by the Ministry of Transportation
Ontario.
1.11 DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS
.1 Reference: OPSS 180
.2 Dispose of all surplus, cleared, or removed materials and any other

material not to be incorporated into the completed work, to an off site
location arranged by the Contractor unless provided for elsewhere in the
Contract. No separate payment shall be made for this work except as
otherwise provided for in the Contract Documents.
.3 Disposal site(s) shall be arranged for by the Contractor. Obtain fill permit
as required. All disposal site agreements shall be in writing and a copy of
each agreement shall be provided to the Contract Administrator prior to
use of the site.
.4 Complete and submit all current OPSF forms as applicable.
.5 Open burning shall not be permitted on Region of Durham contracts.
.6 The contract price for the item requiring such work shall be compensation
in full for excavating, loading, hauling, placing and trimming and for all
other work which may be required to dispose of the unsuitable or surplus
material and for providing a suitable site for material which is to be
disposed of outside the right-of-way.

Page 7 of 7
.7 Comply with the requirements of the MOE, MTO, Local Municipalities, local
Conservation Authority, Railway Companies, Contract Administrator and
any other authority having jurisdiction and shall be responsible for any
damage to the streets/roads used as a haul road.
.8 It is recommended that the Contractor have the proposed site pre-screened

by the local Conservation Authority for the purpose of determining if the site
is subject to Conservation Authority regulations on the placement of fill.
1.12 REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
.1 Hazardous materials shall be removed from the site and handled in

accordance with the Ministry of the Environment Regulations current at time
of construction.
.2 Comply with the governing Ministry of Labour Regulations respecting

protection of workers, removal, handling and disposition of the Designated
Substances encountered.
.3 Prior to commencement of work on or about any Designated Substance,

provide written notification to the Ministry of the Environment proposed for
disposal of Designated Substances. Provide a copy of said notification to
the Contract Administrator a minimum of two (2) weeks in advance of
starting work on about any Designated Substance.
.4 In the event that the Ministry of the Environment has concerns with any
proposed disposal location, further notification shall be provided until the
Ministry of the Environment’s concerns have been addressed.
.5 Submit a Waste Quantity Report (Form OPSF 1805) for all Solid Non-
Hazardous Waste in accordance with requirements of OPSS 180.
.6 Do not empty fuel, lubricants or pesticides into sewers or watercourses.
.1 All work prescribed in this Section shall be included in the unit price bid in
Form of Tender for construction of pipeline or structure unless specified
otherwise.
END OF SECTION

DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SURVEY DATA AND CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT
Page 1 of 1
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements and responsibilities for survey

information and layout. OPS General Conditions shall apply subject to the
exceptions noted herein.
.1 OPS General Conditions of Contract
1.03 SURVEY ELEVATIONS AND CONTROL POINTS
.1 All elevations indicated on Contract Drawings or Specifications are

referred to datum of Geodetic Survey of Canada and to a benchmark
established at or near site of work unless otherwise specified.
.2 Be responsible to verify and report to the Region of Durham any

discrepancies of grades and elevations during the tender period.
.3 Information on and identification of existing control points and property

lines indicated on Contract Drawings shall be provided by Contract
Administrator.
.4 Contract Administrator shall provide principle reference points and all

setting out as outlined below on Region of Durham contracts only.
.5 Grades, Lines and Levels on Region of Durham contracts only.
a) The following clause shall override the related clause, as contained

in OPS General Conditions, GC7.02, "Layout":
“All general layout required by Contractor for purposes of

construction, shall be performed by the Region of Durham,
however, the Contractor, at Contractor’s expense, shall provide
such masts, scaffolds, batter boards, slope stakes, straight edges,
templates and other devices as may be necessary to facilitate
laying out, inspecting and constructing work.”
.6 Region of Durham shall be given two (2) working days notice for any
survey work required.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MOBILIZATION AND DEMOBILIZATION
Page 1 of 1
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for mobilization and demobilization

and shall apply only to contracts tendered by the Region of Durham.
.1 Construction Specification Section 01301 – General Instructions
.2 Construction Specification Section 01520 – Construction Facilities
3.01 MOBILIZATION AND DEMOBILIZATION
.1 Move onto site and set up Contractor’s office, storage facilities,

equipment, sanitary facilities, electrical and communication services.
.2 Supply, erect and maintain acceptable fencing to define Contractor’s

working area when working adjacent to another Contractor or in sensitive
areas.
.3 Security protection for the Contractor's office, equipment and stored

materials.
.4 Provide all necessary access to the project including haul roads as

required and restoration of access routes to original condition.
.5 Move off site all equipment and temporary facilities. Remove all surplus
material and debris and restore site to original condition.
.6 Payment - 50% of tendered lump sum for this item to be paid on first
payment and 50% to be paid on Completion payment.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MAINTENANCE AND WARRANTY
Page 1 of 3
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for maintenance and repairs on new

work during construction, maintenance and warranty periods.
.1 OPS General Conditions of Contract
.2 Subdivision Agreement, where applicable
1.03 GENERAL
.1 For all subdivision work, the developer shall be responsible for all
maintenance and rectification of deficiencies during progress of the work
and during the maintenance period as specified in the subdivision
agreement.
.2 For all other infrastructure work, the Contractor shall be responsible for all
maintenance during the progress of the work up to the date of completion
as issued by the Contract Administrator. The Contractor shall also be
responsible for rectification of deficiencies during the warranty period.
3.01 MAINTENANCE DURING CONSTRUCTION
.1 Maintain all surfaces in good condition.
.2 Keep temporary road surfaces over backfilled excavations free from

potholes.

Works Department
Page 2 of 3
.3 Mud Control
a) Be responsible for all dirt and mud that is tracked onto the
roadways from vehicles entering or leaving the job site. Upon
request from the Contract Administrator, immediately proceed with
clean-up operations at Contractor’s expense. If, after written
instruction, or if, in the opinion of the Contract Administrator, the
Contractor has not, or cannot, sufficiently remove mud from the
road, the Contract Administrator may arrange the necessary clean-
up with all costs being charged to the Contractor.
b) Comply with all Local Municipalities by-laws regarding mud control.
c) Public roadways shall be kept clean and free of mud unless closed
to through traffic with the permission of the Contract Administrator.
3.02 REPAIRS DURING WARRANTY PERIOD
.1 Perform all repairs required upon receipt of verbal or written notices from
.2 Repair or make good settlements and defects on surfaces of backfilled

trench or excavations.
.3 Repair all damages to structures caused by settlement of ground adjacent

to or over excavation.
.4 All deficient work shall be rectified within two (2) months of receipt of the
written deficiency report from the Contract Administrator. If the Contractor
fails to repair all noted deficiencies to the Contract Administrator’s
satisfaction within this time, the Region shall have the right to have any
and all outstanding repairs completed at the Contractor’s expense. On
Region of Durham-tendered work, the Region may invoke GC 4.06 of the
General Conditions in this event.
3.03 MAINTENANCE BY OWNER
.1 The Region of Durham shall, without giving notice to Contractor, repair

deficiencies or defects which are dangerous in nature and constitute an
extreme emergency. Contractor is to be notified of less serious conditions
prior to work being performed.
.2 Contract Administrator shall notify Contractor of emergency work

performed by Owner.

Page 3 of 3
.3 Cost of labour, equipment and material to perform emergency work

to be charged to Contractor.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS PRESERVATION, PROTECTION AND
RECONSTRUCTION
Page 1 of 3
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for the preservation, protection and

reconstruction/replacement of existing facilities and trees. This Section is
supplemental to OPSS 491 and OPSS 801, and shall supersede
conflicting specifications within those OPSS.
.1 OPSS 491 - Construction Specification for Preservation, Protection and

Reconstruction of Existing Facilities
.2 OPSS 801 - Construction Specification for Protection of Trees
3.01 EXISTING SERVICES AND STRUCTURES
.1 Comply with all regulations and guidelines of the road authorities, utility
companies, railway companies, Technical Standards and Safety Authority
(TSSA) and the Electrical Safety Authority (ESA) including those
pertaining to protective work, inspection and safety.
.2 Exercise extreme caution when working near existing underground and

overhead utilities.
.3 Make necessary arrangements with railway and utility companies for

support and protection of existing structures where required.
.4 All Traffic control system conduits that are broken or damaged shall be
repaired immediately.
.5 Any damage to existing utilities, deemed to have been caused by the

Contractor’s lack of reasonable caution shall be repaired at the
Contractor’s expense
.6 No extra payment shall be made for working around conditions resulting

directly or indirectly from the Contractor’s lack of reasonable caution.

RECONSTRUCTION
Page 2 of 3
.7 Clean the first existing downstream maintenance holes and catch basins
prior to completion.
3.02 PROTECTION OF TREES
.1 Tunnel under or around roots by hand digging without damaging roots

where trees are identified for preservation.
.2 In the case of woodlots, it shall not be necessary to trim exposed roots.
.3 Branches 75 mm or larger in diameter that are damaged by the

Contractor's operations shall be cut back in accordance with good
arboricultural practice.
3.03 RAISING GRADES AROUND TREES
.1 When fill is less then 400 mm deep, place clean washed rounded gravel
25 mm to 50 mm in size around tree trunk to a minimum radius of 450 mm
and approximately 50 mm above finished grade.
.2 Place gravel before earth fill.
.3 Do not leave earth fill in contact with trunks.
.4 When fill is more than 400 mm deep remove and replant tree to match
finished grade.
3.04 DAMAGED TREES
.1 Contract Administrator shall determine if damaged tree must be replaced.
.2 Replace trees ordered for replacement with similar size and species or as
approved by Contract Administrator.
3.05 PRUNING
.1 Obtain permission from Contract Administrator prior to pruning.
.2 Employ specialized personnel to carry out pruning.
.3 Pruning to be done in accordance with good arboricultural practice.

RECONSTRUCTION
Page 3 of 3
3.06 SURVEY MONUMENTS
.1 Do not remove survey monuments, iron bars, round iron pipes or stakes
representing property boundaries and locations encountered on line of
work without written permission of Contract Administrator.
.2 All survey monuments disturbed or removed by the Contractor carelessly

or without the permission of the Contract Administrator, shall be re-
established by a registered Ontario Land Surveyor at the Contractor’s
expense.
END OF SECTION

CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR
REGIONAL SERVICES
Division 2 – Site Construction
WORKS DEPARTMENT

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Division 2 – Site Construction
Section Description No. of Pages

02240 Dewatering................................................................................................. 4
02313 Stripping and Storing Topsoil..................................................................... 2
02314 Tunnelling .................................................................................................. 2
02315 Trenching, Backfilling and Compacting...................................................... 7
02316 Rock Excavation ........................................................................................ 4
02318 Excavating, Backfilling and Compacting for Structures.............................. 7
02319 Pipe Boring and Jacking ............................................................................ 3
02511 Watermains.............................................................................................. 12
02530 Pipe Sewers............................................................................................. 10
02531 Sewage Forcemains .................................................................................. 5
02631 Maintenance Holes, Catch Basins, Ditch Inlets and Valve Chambers ....... 5
02700 Site Restoration for Underground Services................................................ 4
02749 Roadway and Driveway Construction ...................................................... 11
02905 Tree and Shrub Relocation ........................................................................ 7
02930 Trees and Shrubs .................................................................................... 10

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION DEWATERING
Page 1 of 4
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section is supplemental to OPSS 517 and shall supersede conflicting

specifications within OPSS 517.
.1 Construction Specification Section 01330 - Submittal Procedures
.2 Construction Specification Section 01570 - Environmental Protection
.3 Construction Specification Section 02314 - Tunnelling

Compacting

.6 Construction Specification Section 02319 - Pipe Boring and Jacking
.7 OPSS 517 - Construction Specification for Dewatering of Pipeline, Utility

and Associated Structure Excavation
1.03 PERMITS
.1 Obtain permit from Ministry of Environment (MOE) Regional Office for

taking water in excess of 50,000 litres per day from any ground water
source.
1.04 SUBMITTALS
.1 Name of Sub-Contractor proposed to complete the dewatering/

depressurization shall to be included in Form of Tender. Should
Contractor name "By Own Forces", the Contractor shall indicate the
proposed dewatering method and provide evidence as to being qualified
to do dewatering.

Page 2 of 4
.2 Submit general plan of proposed dewatering scheme and MOE Permit to

Take Water (PTTW) at least one month in advance of dewatering
activities. The plan shall include but is not limited to showing the
following:
a) Location of generators or other noise producing equipment,

including anticipated decibel levels.
b) Distance between dewatering equipment and new/existing

structures.
c) Location of dewatering equipment and in relation to the excavation.
.3 Review of the dewatering system by the Contract Administrator shall not

relieve the Contractor of responsibility for the adequacy of the plan for
supplying all labour, equipment and materials necessary for satisfactory
dewatering of excavations.
.4 All drilled wells, drive points, boreholes and dewatering wells shall be
constructed in accordance with Ont. Reg. 128/03.
1.05 PROTECTION
.1 Employ a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.) licensed to practice in the

Province of Ontario to evaluate the possibility of uplift or settlement of any
structure, pipeline or utilities. Inform the Contract Administrator of the
possibility of uplift or settlement and take all necessary precautions to
prevent uplift or settlement.
.2 Protect all excavations against flooding and damage due to surface run
off.
.3 Obtain all required approvals from the MOE’s Surface Water Branch and
the local Conservation Authority for the discharge of pumped groundwater
to nearby watercourses.
.4 Follow all Ministry of Labour (MOL) regulations regarding work near hydro
lines and gas utilities.
.5 Employ services of a P.Eng. or Professional Geoscientist (P.Geo.) to

identify all private domestic or other wells in close proximity to the
construction dewatering/depressurization and to assess potential for
impact on the quality or quantity of well water. Provide contingency plans
for disruption of water supply to all neighbouring private or other wells.

Page 3 of 4
1.06 DEWATERING SPECIALIST
.1 Employ a professional dewatering specialist (Professional Engineer or

Professional Geoscientist) to design, construct and maintain all
dewatering measures except trench sump operations to ensure all
structures and pipes are constructed in the dry. If the Contractor chooses
to use his own forces to perform dewatering, he shall provide evidence as
to being qualified.
.2 Dewatering Specialist shall be licensed by the MOE according to Ontario

Regulation 128/03 if wells are to be drilled.
.1 Payment for dewatering shall be included in price bid in the Form of

Tender for construction of structure or pipeline, unless otherwise specified.
.2 Include in price bid cost of all labour, plant and materials necessary for
supply, installation, maintenance and removal of dewatering scheme
including piezometers, traffic control and construction of detour widening
where required.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS - Not applicable.
3.01 DEWATERING
.1 Provide all labour, plant and materials necessary to keep excavations

stable and free of water to a minimal of 1.0 m below invert of pipe while
work is in progress. Use of stone below pipe bedding shall not replace
proper dewatering procedures.
.2 Provide stand-by equipment as necessary to ensure continued operation

of dewatering system in case of breakdown of primary system.
.3 Insulate piping and fittings and provide shelter and heating as necessary
to maintain dewatering system in operation.

Works Department
Page 4 of 4
.4 Where dewatering is recommended in the Geotechnical Report or ordered

by the Contract Administrator, the Contractor, shall install piezometers/
standpipes at regular intervals and establish that the groundwater table
has been lowered to a minimum of 1.0 m below the adjacent pipe invert.
Maintain piezometers in good working order throughout dewatering period.
Failure to comply shall result in Contractor not being permitted to
commence his operations.
.5 Discontinue ground water control in a manner so that disturbance of

structure or pipeline is avoided.
.6 Continue groundwater monitoring program until the groundwater has

returned to its original levels.
.7 If required by conditional PTTW, prepare monitoring report and provide

copy to the MOE and the Contract Administrator.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION STRIPPING AND STORING TOPSOIL
Page 1 of 2
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for stripping and storing topsoil.
.1 Construction Specification Section 01570 – Environmental Protection
.2 OPSS 201 - Construction Specification for Clearing, Close Cut Clearing,

Grubbing and Removal of Surface and Piled Boulders
.3 OPSS 206 - Construction Specification for Grading
.4 OPSS 802 - Construction Specification for Topsoil
.5 OPSS 805 - Construction Specification for Temporary Erosion and

Sediment Control Measures
.1 Payment for stripping and storing topsoil to be included in the unit price
bid in the Form of Tender for construction of pipeline.
3.01 STRIPPING TOPSOIL
.1 Clear and grub area prior to stripping topsoil.
.2 Remove topsoil from areas indicated on Contract Drawings or as directed

by the Contract Administrator.
.3 Do not mix topsoil with subsoil or other materials.
3.02 STORING TOPSOIL
.1 Stockpile topsoil in areas approved by Contract Administrator.

DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION STRIPPING AND STORING TOPSOIL
Page 2 of 2
.2 Do not place topsoil in or near dripline of tree stands, within three (3)
metres of flood plains or in areas containing natural wildlife habitats.
.3 Construct perimeter drainage ditches to intercept and divert run-off to

adjacent settling ponds.
.4 Provide temporary erosion control measures in accordance with

OPSS 805.
END OF SECTION

DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION TUNNELLING
Page 1 of 2
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION

.2 Construction Specification Section 02240 – Dewatering
.4 OPSS 415 - Construction Specification for Pipeline and Utility Installation

by Tunnelling
1.03 STABILITY OF EXCAVATION
.1 Employ such construction methods, plant, procedures and precautions as

shall ensure that excavations are stable, free from disturbance and dry.
.2 Such construction methods may include, but are not limited to:
a) Tight timber and/or steel primary liner.
b) Ground water control systems employing well points, deep wells,

eductors or compressed air.
c) Free water control systems employing drains, pipes and pumps.
d) Soil stabilization methods employing cement grouting, chemical

grouting or chemical freezing.
.3 Employ such construction methods, plant and materials as shall ensure

that migration of soil material into tunnel or shafts from adjacent ground
and subsidence shall not take place.
.1 No extra payment shall be made for stockpiling or double handling of

excavated materials.
.2 No extra payment shall be made for primary lining left in place.

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION TUNNELLING
Page 2 of 2
.3 No extra payment shall be made for extra excavation needed on account

of soil heaving, subsidence or collapse of material into tunnel or shaft.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 MATERIALS
1 Reference Region of Durham Approved Manufacturers' Products List, on

The Road Authority website at www.roadauthority.com.
.2 All tunnelling materials shall be in accordance with Contract Drawings and

Special Provisions.
PART 3 – EXECUTION - Not Applicable
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION TRENCHING, BACKFILLING AND COMPACTING
Page 1
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION

.1 Construction Specification Section 01210 - Contingencies/Allowances
.3 Construction Specification Section 01450 - Quality Control

Reconstruction
.8 Construction Specification Section 02318 - Excavating, Backfilling and

.11 Construction Specification Section 02531 - Sewage Forcemains
.12 OPSS 180 – General Specification for the Management and Disposal of
Excess Material
Grubbing and Removal of Surface and Piles Boulders
.14 OPSS 401 - Construction Specification for Trenching, Backfilling and

Compacting
.15 OPSS 404 - Construction Specification for Support Systems

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.16 OPSS 1010 - Material Specification for Aggregates - Base, Subbase,

Select Sub-grade, and Backfill Material
.17 OPSS 1359 - Material Specification for Unshrinkable Backfill
1.03 DEFINITIONS
.1 Earth Excavation: All excavation other than Rock Excavation including

removal of frozen earth and cemented till.
.2 Excess Excavation: All excavation beyond that specified performed

without written order of Contract Administrator.
.3 Standard Proctor Density: As defined in ASTM D698.
.4 Rock Excavation: Reference Section 02316.
1.04 STABILITY OF TRENCH
.1 Employ such construction methods, plant and materials as shall ensure

that migration of fine soil material into pipe bedding or sub-bedding from
adjacent ground shall not take place.
.1 Payment for additional excavation and subsequent backfill to be at unit

price in Contingencies - Section 01210 except as otherwise stated below.

of soil heaving at bottom of trench or collapse of trench walls.
.3 No extra payment shall be made for haul to any part of the site or for haul
off site required in disposing of excavated material.
.4 No payment shall be made for hauling back to site excavated material

suitable for backfill that had been previously removed from the site.

.6 No extra payment shall be made for removal and replacement of asphalt,

curbs, road base granulars or native soils when trench walls are

Works Department
Page 3
weakened or disturbed by unsuitable construction methods or procedures

or by action of workmen.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 BACKFILL MATERIALS
.1 Bedding and Cover Materials:
a) Do not include materials greater than 19 mm in size.
b) Sand Fill: material shall meet the following gradation requirements:
Sieve Size % Passing

26.5 mm 100
4.75 mm 20 - 100
1.18 mm 10 - 100
300 μm 5 - 95
150 μm 2 - 40
75 μm 0 - 20
c) 19 mm Crusher Run Limestone shall conform to the requirements

of Granular A as specified in OPSS 1010 except for the following:
i) Table 1 - Physical Properties, Percent crushed shall be

100%.
ii) Table 2 – Gradation Requirements, Percent passing the
75 µm sieve shall be 2 – 10%.
d) 19 mm Clear Stone Type I to OPSS 1004 with 100% crushed

particles. (In extreme wet ground conditions only - Reference
Region of Durham Standard Drawings.)
e) Select Native Material (when specified).
f) Concrete: to OPSS.MUNI 1350 (only acceptable when specified).
g) Reference Region of Durham Standard Drawings
.2 Select Native Material:
a) Native material in accordance with Subsection 401.05.05.02 of

OPSS 401.
b) Material at moisture content to enable optimum compaction.

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.3 Granular Materials:
a) Granular A: to OPSS 1010
b) Granular B: to OPSS 1010, Type I and Section 02749.
.4 Unshrinkable Backfill:
a) Unshrinkable Backfill: to OPSS 1359
b) Admixtures shall conform to OPSS 1303 and the latest MTO

designated sources list. Calcium chloride or pozzolanic mineral
admixtures shall not be used. Air entraining admixtures may be
added if desired by the Contractor.
.5 Imported material:
a) Material from source approved by Contract Administrator.
b) Materials free from frozen lumps, cinders, ashes, refuse, vegetable

or organic matter, rocks and boulders over 150 mm in any
dimension, or other deleterious materials.
.6 Do not use any material until approved by Contract Administrator.
.7 Do not use shale or thinly bedded limestone, which may break up on

exposure or freezing.
.8 Recycled hot mix asphalt or excess bituminous pavement shall not be

used as trench backfill or bedding.
3.01 SHORING AND BRACING
.1 Do shoring and bracing to OPSS 404.
.2 Submit Shoring and Bracing drawings to Section 01330.

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3.02 DEWATERING
.1 Do dewatering to Section 02240.
3.03 PAVEMENT REMOVAL
.1 Saw-cut existing asphalt in neat, consistent, parallel lines in accordance

with Region of Durham Standard Drawings. Ensure saw-cut edges are
clean and vertical.
.2 Do not use backhoe bucket or drop weight to break pavement.
3.04 REMOVAL OF FROZEN GROUND
.1 Remove frozen ground in accordance with OPSS 401. Method of removal

of frozen ground shall not cause excessive noise or ground vibration.
3.05 REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
.1 Remove hazardous materials to Sections 01350 and 01570 and

regulations.
3.06 TRENCHING
.1 Notify Contract Administrator if bottom of trench appears to be unsuitable

for foundation. Excavate unsuitable material as directed by Contract
Administrator until satisfactory foundation is attained and backfill with
approved granular material.
.2 Stockpile excavated material suitable for trench backfill.
.3 Separate materials that are unsuitable for backfill.
.4 Excavate rock to Section 02316.
.5 Perform corrective measures ordered by Contract Administrator to rectify

deficiencies caused by excess excavation.

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3.07 WORKING MAT
.1 Place layer of granular material where necessary to protect trench bottom.
.2 Place working mat layer immediately after excavation has been

completed.
.3 Do not encroach on bedding thickness under pipe.
3.08 BACKFILLING WITH UNSHRINKABLE BACKFILL
.1 Excavations in the travelled portion of the roadway shall be covered for at

least 24 hours with steel plate of sufficient strength to support traffic during
this period.
.2 Where road traffic is not to be accommodated, the backfilled excavation

shall be covered with wooden planking or other protection approved by the
Contract Administrator for users of the road allowance until the
Unshrinkable Fill will support the weight of an adult person.
3.09 BACKFILLING SHORED EXCAVATIONS
.1 Do not remove bracing until backfill reaches level of bracing.
3.10 COMPACTION
.1 Do compaction to OPSS 501. Use Quality Control Method A in

accordance with Subsection 501.07.04.02 of OPSS 501. Use Quality
Assurance Method A in accordance with Subsection 501.08.02 of OPSS
501.
3.11 DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS
.1 Dispose of unsuitable and surplus excavated materials to OPSS 180.
.2 Transport materials in a manner such that spillage is avoided.

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3.12 CORRIDOR AND CREEK CROSSINGS
.1 Excavate for crossings under highways, railways, pipelines, creeks and

utilities in accordance with Contract Drawings and Special Provisions.
Any alternative methods must be approved by the Owner or Authority
responsible for such highway, railway, pipeline, creek or utility.
.2 Do not pile excavated materials on or near railway right-of-way.
3.13 TESTING
.1 Do testing to Section 01450.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION ROCK EXCAVATION
Page 1 of 4
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION

.1 Construction Specification Section 01210 - Contingencies/Allowances

Reconstruction
.5 Construction Specification Section 02314 - Tunnelling

Compacting

.8 Construction Specification Section 02319 - Pipe Boring and Jacking
.12 OPSS 403 - Construction Specification for Rock Excavation for Pipelines,
Utilities and Associated Structures in Open Cut
1.03 DEFINITIONS
.1 Trench:
a) As defined in latest revision of Occupational Health and Safety Act,

and any related regulations.

Page 2 of 4
.2 Rock Excavation:
a) Removal of material from solid masses of igneous, sedimentary, or

metamorphic rock, which prior to removal, was integral with parent
mass. Such material would not be removable without the use of
drilling and blasting operations or, where blasting is not permitted
by local by-law, without the use of backhoe-mounted pneumatic
breaker equipment and/or jack hammers.
b) Removal of boulders and rock fragments larger than one cubic

metre in volume.
c) Removal of boulders from tunnel excavations where smallest

dimension of such boulder is in excess of 0.500 m.
d) Cemented till material or shale shall not be considered “rock”.

Determination of cemented till and/or shale shall be made by the
Region of Durham's Materials Testing Supervisor.
.1 Volume of rock excavated for trenches to be determined by product of

following dimensions, measured in place:
a) Height: Vertical distance from rock surface to bottom of designed

trench.
b) Width: Actual width of trench measured horizontally limited to pipe

outside diameter plus 600 mm or the maximum trench width
specified on the Contract Drawings.
a) Length: Measured horizontally along centreline of trench.
.2 Volume of rock excavation for structures to be determined by product of

following dimensions:
a) Height: Vertical distance from rock surface to bottom of working

slab.
b) Horizontal Area: Dimension of external surface of structure plus

300 mm clearance all around structure.

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.3 Volume of rock excavation in tunnels to be determined by the product of

the following dimensions measured in place:
a) Where tunnel is partially within rock mass:
i) Height: Vertical distance from rock surface to outside of

tunnel casing or liner.
ii) Width: Maximum width shall be the outer diameter of the

tunnel casing or liner.
iii) Length: Measured horizontally along centreline of trench.
b) Where tunnel is completely within the rock mass:
i) Area: Outer diameter of tunnel liner or casing.
ii) Length: Measured horizontally along centreline of trench.
.4 Volume of rock excavation for boulders and rock fragments to be

determined by product of three (3) maximum rectilinear dimensions.
.1 Payment for rock excavation is in addition to (extra over) payment for

earth excavations.
.2 Where cemented till or shale is encountered, and is indicated in the

Contract Documents, no “extra” payment shall be made.
.3 Where cemented till or shale is encountered and is not indicated in the

Contract Documents, the Contract Administrator shall allow for an “extra”
payment for lost production only. In such case, the Contract
Administrator's assessment of the value of lost production shall be based
on reasonable production rates before and after encountering the
cemented till or shale material. In no case shall the compensation for lost
production exceed the value of the Contingency Unit Price Item for this
work. The Contract Administrator's assessment of this value shall be final.
.4 Payment for rock excavation shall be at the unit price bid in Form of
Tender for one of the following as appropriate:
a) Rock excavation to trench invert not exceeding 0.500 m.

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b) Rock excavation to trench invert greater than 0.500 m and boulders

or rock fragments greater than one cubic metre in volume.
.5 Where a boulder is removed from the face of a tunnel excavation,

payment at the unit price bid for item "Rock Excavation in Tunnels" shall
include filling of the remaining void in the wall face with grout.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION EXCAVATING, BACKFILLING AND
COMPACTING FOR STRUCTURES
Page 1 of 7
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION

.4 Construction Specification Section 02315 – Trenching, Backfilling and

.6 Construction Specification Section 02631 - Maintenance Holes, Catch

Basins, Ditch Inlets and Valve Chambers

.8 OPSS 402 - Construction Specification for Excavating, Backfilling and

Compacting for Maintenance Holes, Catch Basins, Ditch Inlets and Valve
Chambers
1.03 DEFINITIONS
.1 Earth Excavation: All excavation other than Rock Excavation including

removal of frozen earth and cemented till.
.2 Additional Excavation: All excavation ordered in writing by Contract

Administrator beyond that specified.
.3 Excess Excavation: All excavation beyond that specified performed

without written order of Contract Administrator.
.4 Backfill: Fill material used below subgrade or finish grade.

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.5 Native Site Material: Any material obtained from excavating or grading

under Contract.
.6 Unshrinkable Backfill: A controlled density cement treated aggregate

material.
.7 Standard Proctor Maximum Dry Density: As defined in ASTM D698.
.8 Rock Excavation: Reference Section 02316.
1.04 SUBMITTALS
.1 Submit to Contract Administrator a copy of agreement for disposal site

required in Sub-Paragraph 1.06.3.
1.05 COLD WEATHER WORK
.1 Obtain written permission from Contract Administrator before starting

excavation in frozen ground.
1.06 DISPOSAL SITES
.1 Arrange with Local Municipalities for disposal of surplus excavated

materials.
.2 Make arrangements for other disposal site if Local Municipalities cannot

make use of surplus excavated materials.
.3 Obtain from property owner a written agreement setting out terms,

conditions and ultimate responsibility for materials as placed.
.4 Arrange with Contract Administrator to have the Regional Environmental

Officer from MOE do an inspection of disposal site prior to and after
dumping operations are completed.
.5 Keep disposal site stable and dump materials in a manner not to cause
nuisance, injury, or inconvenience until property owner assumes
responsibility under terms of agreement.
1.07 STABILITY OF EXCAVATION
.1 Employ such construction methods, plant, procedures and precautions as

shall ensure that excavations are stable, free from disturbance and, unless
designated as sub-aqueous work, dry.

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.2 Construction methods may include, but are not limited to:
a) Interlocking timber or steel sheeting and shoring.
b) Ground water control systems employing well points, deep wells or

eductors.
c) Surface water or free water control systems employing ditches,

stone drains, pipes and/or pumps.
d) Soil stabilization methods employing cement grouting, chemical

grouting or chemical freezing.
.3 Follow procedures for extracting sheeting, placing backfill and

discontinuing ground water control as shall ensure that backfill load is
applied gradually and disturbance of structure or its foundation is avoided.
.1 Additional excavation to be measured in cubic metres.
.2 Rock excavation: to Section 02316.
.3 Additional excavation: Measurement to be made prior to installation of

structure.
.4 Imported backfill materials to be measured by volume or weight.
.1 Payment for earth excavation, backfilling and compaction to be included in

the lump sum price bid in Form of Tender for construction of structure.
.2 Payment for rock excavation: to Section 02316.
.3 Payment for additional excavation and subsequent backfill to be at unit

price in Contingencies - Section 01210 except as otherwise stated below.
.4 Payment for importing only of backfill material, where ordered by the

Contract Administrator, shall be at the appropriate unit price bid in Form of
Tender. Where no such unit price exists, payment for importing backfill
material shall be made at a negotiated, approved unit price.

of soil heaving at bottom of excavation or collapse of excavation walls.

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Page 4 of 7
.6 No extra payment shall be made for measures ordered by Contract

Administrator to correct problems caused by Excess Excavation.
.7 No extra payment shall be made for haul on any part of site or for haul
required in disposing of excavated material.
.8 No payment shall be made for hauling back to site excavated material

suitable for backfill that has been removed from site.

.10 No extra payment shall be made for construction methods required to

keep excavation stable, free from disturbance or dry.
.11 No extra payment shall be made for crushed stone or other granular
material used to facilitate drainage or dewatering during construction of
structure or for excavation related thereto.
.12 No extra payment shall be made for removal and replacement of asphalt,
curbs, road base granulars or native soils when trench walls are
weakened or disturbed by unsuitable construction methods or procedures
or by action of workmen.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 BACKFILL MATERIALS
.1 Reference Section 02315.
3.01 SHORING AND BRACING
.1 Do shoring and bracing to OPSS 404.
.2 Submit Shoring and Bracing drawings to Section 01330.

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Page 5 of 7
3.02 DEWATERING
.1 Do dewatering to Section 02240.
3.03 PAVEMENT REMOVAL
.1 Saw cut pavement neatly along limits of proposed excavation.
.2 Do not use backhoe bucket or drop weight to break pavement.
3.04 REMOVAL OF FROZEN GROUND
.1 Do not use backhoe bucket or drop weight to break frozen ground unless
approved by the Region of Durham.
.2 Adopt method of removal of frozen ground that shall not cause excessive
noise, ground vibration, or damage to adjacent structures and utilities.
3.05 REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
.1 Hazardous materials shall be removed from the site and handled in

accordance with the MOE Regulations current at time of construction.
3.06 EXCAVATION
.1 Excavate to lines, elevations and dimensions specified or as directed by

.2 Excavate materials to dimensions that shall provide a minimum of 600 mm

clearance along external surface of structure, plus an allowance for
shoring and bracing where required.
.3 For precast structures, excavate materials to a clear distance of 300 mm

plus allowance for shoring and bracing where required.
.4 Notify Inspector if bottom of excavation appears to be unsuitable for

foundation. Excavate unsuitable material as directed or agreed to by
Contract Administrator until satisfactory foundation is attained and backfill
with approved granular material or concrete as directed.
.5 Stockpile excavated materials suitable for backfill.
.6 Separate materials that are unsuitable for backfill.
.7 Excavate rock to Section 02316.

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.8 Perform corrective measures ordered by Contract Administrator to rectify

deficiencies caused by Excess Excavation.
.9 Remove and replace weakened or disturbed soil with 15 MPa concrete

where excavated surface below or beside proposed structure is disturbed
or weakened by unsuitable construction methods or procedures which
may include inadequate control of ground water or free water or action of
workmen.
3.07 WORKING MAT
.1 Place a layer of granular material as a working mat layer immediately after

excavation has been completed.
.2 Provide a working mat of concrete as an alternative.
3.08 BACKFILLING
.1 Place backfill material in uniform layers, wetted if required, in accordance

with manufacturer's specification for equipment used.
.2 Place backfill materials uniformly and simultaneously on sides of

structures.
.3 Compact each layer to 95% of maximum dry density in accordance with

Standard Proctor Density.
.4 Do not backfill cast-in-place concrete structure until approval has been

obtained from Contract Administrator.
3.09 BACKFILLING SHORED EXCAVATIONS
.1 Withdraw sheathing gradually as backfilling progresses.
.2 Do not remove bracing until backfill reaches level of bracing.
.3 Place and compact backfill in a manner to fill voids left by pulled

sheathing.
.4 Place and compact backfill around and over sheathing left in place.

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3.10 COMPACTION
.1 OPSS 402 is revised as follows:
a) Wherever granular material is specified to be used, such granular

material shall be compacted to 100% maximum dry density.
3.11 DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS
.1 Dispose of unsuitable and surplus excavated materials at approved

disposal locations.
.2 Transport materials in a manner that spillage in minimized.
3.12 SUPPORT AT STRUCTURES
.1 Where a pipe is laid into a structure across an excavated area, provide a

flexible pipe joint 300 mm to 450 mm from outside face of the structure for
rigid pipes.
3.13 SUPPORT OF UTILITIES/SERVICES
.1 Support watermains and sewers crossing trenches in accordance with

Region of Durham Standard Drawings, where required.
3.14 TESTING
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION PIPE BORING AND JACKING
Page 1 of 3
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION

.7 OPSS 416 - Construction Specification for Pipeline and Utility Installation

by Jacking and Boring
.8 OPSS 1802 - Material Specification for Smooth Walled Steel Pipe
.9 OPSS 1820 - Material Specification for Circular Concrete Pipe
1.03 SUBMITTALS
.1 Submit plan showing proposed locations of shafts, pits or approach of

tunnels, and details of proposed method, materials and equipment to be
used, at least one (1) week prior to commencement of work.
.2 Submit design assumptions and material data, for review by Contract

Administrator, when materials other than those specified are proposed for
use.
1.04 METHOD OF INSTALLATION
.1 Method of installation to be selected by Contractor subject to review of the

Contract Administrator and to following limitations:
a) Use only smooth walled steel or concrete pipe.

Page 2 of 3
.2 Provide hydraulically operated jacks in adequate number and capacity to

ensure smooth and uniform advancement of pipe.
.3 Use jacking head to transfer and distribute jacking pressure uniformly over
entire end bearing area of pipe.
.4 Provide two (2) or more lubricated guide rails or sills of sufficient length to
fully support pipe at specified line and grade in jacking pit.
.1 Measurement to be in metres along centreline of pipe.
.1 Payment for pipe installed by jacking and boring method to be at unit price
bid in Form of Tender from face of bored section to face of bored section.
.2 Include in unit price cost of supplying all materials, equipment and labour
necessary to install pipe by jacking and boring as specified.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 MATERIALS
.1 Pipe materials:
a) Steel Pipe to OPSS 1802.

b) Concrete Pipe to OPSS 1820 “Jacking Pipe”, where specified.
.2 Grout:
a) Cement to CSA A3000

b) Sand to CSA A82.56 M
3.01 CONSTRUCTION SHAFT
.1 Provide construction shaft at locations approved by the Contract

Administrator.

Page 3 of 3
.2 Support shaft excavation to OPSS 404.
.3 Maintain shaft in drained condition. Do dewatering to Section 02240.
.4 Install 3.5 metre high close boarded fence, around perimeter of working
areas when ordered by Contract Administrator.
.5 Remove fence on completion of work.
3.02 PIPE INSTALLATION
.1 Install pipe to line and grade specified or as directed by the Contract

Administrator.
.2 Avoid long delays between jacking operations.
.3 Butt weld pipe joints as specified when steel pipe is used.
.4 Concrete pipe:
a) Use lubricated grade plank in heading.
b) Protect joints from crushing by placing 20 mm thick plywood on

spigot shoulder. Cut plywood to form ring with outer surface
conforming to outer circumference of pipe.
3.03 FILLING VOIDS OUTSIDE PIPE/CASING
.1 Fill all voids remaining between pipe and excavation wall as soon as pipe
is jacked.
3.04 REMOVAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL
.1 Separate good reusable excavated material from unwanted excavated

material.
.2 Dispose of all surplus material off site.
END OF SECTION

DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION WATERMAINS
Page 1 of 12
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section is supplemental to OPSS 441 and OPSS 442 and shall
supersede conflicting specifications within OPSS 441 and OPSS 442.
.1 Construction Specification Section 01330 – Submittal Procedures

Compacting


.7 Region of Durham Approved Manufacturer’s Products List and Region of

Durham Standard Drawings

.10 OPSS 441 - Construction Specification for Watermain Installation in Open

Cut
.11 OPSS 442 - Construction Specification for Cathodic Protection of

Watermains and Fittings
.12 OPSS 490 - Construction Specification for Site Preparation for Pipelines,
.13 OPSS 493 - Construction Specification For Temporary Potable Water

Supply Services

Works Department
Page 2 of 12
.15 AWWA C651 - Disinfecting Watermains
.1 Valves and appurtenances to be measured in units installed.
.1 Unit price bid for watermain pipe shall include all labour, equipment and
materials to do the work as specified, including but not limited to:
a) All necessary clearing and grubbing.
b) Excavation to grade and disposal of surplus materials.
c) Dewatering up to 50,000 L per day unless included in a separate

item.
d) Supporting and protecting existing services unless otherwise noted.
e) Abandoning of existing watermain in accordance with Contract

Drawings including:
i) Saw-cutting of existing pipe.

ii) Removal and disposal off site of existing pipes and fittings,
thrust restraints and thrust blocks as required.
iii) Supply and placement of 15 MPa concrete plug in the ends
of the existing watermains that are to be abandoned in
place. Minimum length of the concrete plug shall be
300 mm.
iv) Supply and placement of mechanical plug on existing
watermain to remain in service, where required.
f) Supply and installation of all pipes, fittings, bends, adapters,

reducers, specials, sleeves, restrainers, thrust blocks and tracer
wire, complete in the specified bedding.
g) All cathodic protection in accordance with Region of Durham

Standard Drawings.
h) Connections to existing watermains complete with cathodic

protection.
i) Cathodic protection of existing ferrous pipes and fittings where

exposed in accordance with Region of Durham Standard Drawings
when such exposed pipe/fitting is to remain in service.

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Page 3 of 12
j) Supply and installation of 50 mm blow-off in accordance with

Region of Durham Standard Drawings at all watermain stubs 100
mm and larger diameter unless paid under a separate item.
k) Substitution of 19 mm Clear Stone Type I in lieu of 19 mm Crusher

Run Limestone for Class B bedding in wet areas at the Contract
Administrator's direction in accordance with Region of Durham
Standard Drawings.
l) Supply, placement and compaction of an additional 150 mm depth

of 19 mm Clear Stone Type I for Class P bedding in wet areas at
the Contract Administrator's direction in accordance with Region of
Durham Standard Drawings.
m) Backfill with Select Native Materials and compaction.
n) Permanent surface restoration in accordance with Section 02700

and Special Provisions unless included in a separate item.
o) Supply of marker posts and all installation costs where forcemain is

located within an easement or open field situation.
p) All cleaning, swabbing and testing of watermains in accordance

with this Section.
q) All other work necessary to complete watermain and services as

specified, including temporary mechanical plugs as required
.2 Unit price bid for water service connection items shall include all labour,
equipment and materials to do the work as specified, including:
a) Main Stop:
i) Excavation and compacted backfill with select native

materials where corresponding service pipe is not to be
installed.
ii) Supply and installation complete with saddle, union adapter,
connectors.
iii) Connection to new or existing service pipe.
iv) Cathodic protection in accordance with Region of Durham
Standard Drawings.
v) Measurement for Payment - each.

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Page 4 of 12
b) Curb Stop and Box:
i) Excavation and compacted backfill with select native

materials where corresponding service pipe is not to be
installed.
ii) Removal of existing curb stop box and rod.
iii) Supply and installation complete in accordance with Region
of Durham Standard Drawings.
iv) Stainless steel rod with brass pin.
v) Measurement for Payment - each.
c) Copper Service Pipe:
i) Excavation to grade and disposal of surplus materials.

ii) Removal and disposal of existing service pipe as required.
iii) Supply and installation of pipe in specified bedding and
cover including connections to existing service with required
unions/adapters.
iv) Cathodic protection in accordance with Region of Durham
Standard Drawings.
v) Backfill with select native materials and compaction.
vi) Permanent surface restoration in accordance with Section
02700 and Special Provisions.
vii) Measurement for Payment - actual length, in metres, of
service pipe installed.
.3 Valves and related appurtenances shall be paid as separate items. Valve

box and/or rod extension(s) shall be installed and included in the unit price
bid for valve items. This shall apply only to new valves called for on
Contract Drawings. All other extensions shall be paid "extra over"
(reference Section 01210 - Contingencies/Allowances) unless otherwise
noted.
.4 Hydrants (including secondary valves) shall be paid as separate items per

compete assembly installed. Valve box and valve stem extensions and
hydrant extensions shall be installed and included in the unit price bid for
hydrant items. This shall apply only to new hydrants. All other extensions
shall be paid "extra over" (reference Section 01210 - Contingencies/
Allowances) unless otherwise noted.
.5 Removal of a plug or blow off from an existing watermain or fitting and

reconstruction of joint will be considered part of work of constructing new
watermain.

Works Department
Page 5 of 12
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 PIPE MATERIALS
.1 Reference Region of Durham Approved Manufacturers' Products List, on

.2 All watermain and service connection materials shall be in accordance

with Contract Drawings and Special Provisions.
.3 Supply fittings suitable for and compatible with class and type of pipe with
which they will be used.
2.02 CONCRETE PRESSURE PIPE
.1 Use Concrete Cylinder Pipe only.
.2 Supply: Pipe to be supplied from plant certified by CSA.
.3 Supply shop drawings in accordance with Section 01330.
2.03 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) PIPE
.1 Supply: Pipe to be supplied from plant certified by CSA.
2.04 CASING PIPES
.1 Pipe: to OPSS 1802
.2 Size: In accordance with Region of Durham Standard Drawings unless

specified otherwise.
2.05 VALVES - GENERAL
.1 Valves shall be supplied in accordance with the Region of Durham

Approved Manufacturers’ Products List.
.2 Provide 19 mm test point by-pass in accordance with Region of Durham

Standard Drawings for new watermains.
.3 Provide by-pass for valves greater than 600 mm diameter. By-pass to

consist of two flanged nozzles cast integrally with pipe body, flanged
elbows and a flanged resilient seat gate valve. By-pass valves to be
suitable for same working and test pressures as associated main valve.

Works Department
Page 6 of 12
.4 Valves smaller than 75 mm diameter to be a standard curb stop in

accordance with Region of Durham Standard Drawings.
.5 Valves 100 - 300 mm diameter to be resilient seat gate valves.
.6 Valves larger than 300 mm diameter to be butterfly valves. Resilient seat

gate valves may be permitted for use for 400 mm diameter valves on a
site-specific basis only
2.06 AIR / VACUUM COMBINATION VALVES
.1 Valves to be double acting type air release and vacuum combination.
.2 Valves shall be supplied in accordance with Region of Durham Standard

Drawings or as specified otherwise.
2.07 HYDRANTS
.1 Contractor shall supply all flushing hydrants.
.2 For Region of Durham-tendered work, Local Municipalities tendered work

and private subdivision work, hydrants shall be inspected at installation
and at completion of the work. Any hydrant showing surface damage shall
be totally repainted in the colour and quality of the original paint to the
satisfaction of the Contract Administrator.
.3 For private subdivision work only, hydrants shall be inspected for surface
damage at the time of final inspection near the end of the warranty period.
Any hydrant showing surface damage shall be totally repainted in the
colour and quality of the original paint to the satisfaction of the Contract
Administrator.
2.08 CATHODIC PROTECTION ANODES
.1 All sacrificial anodes shall conform to the requirements of OPSS 442 and
the following:
a) Information indicating the contents and size of the anode shall be

stamped on the outside of each tube.
b) The Region of Durham may reject any anode for any reason and
request a suitable replacement.
c) The Region of Durham may have any anode(s) tested to guarantee the
authenticity of its composition. The Contractor shall supply the
anode(s) for testing at no expense to the Region of Durham.

Works Department
Page 7 of 12
2.09 BEDDING, COVER AND BACKFILL MATERIALS
.1 Bedding, cover and backfill materials shall be as specified in Section

02315.
3.01 TRANSPORTING, UNLOADING, AND PIPE STORING
.1 Subsection 441.07.07 of OPSS 441 is revised by the deletion of the

second and third paragraphs. End covers are not required for watermain
pipe. Ensure pipes are laid in a clean and sanitary condition and capable
of passing the required bacteriological test.
.2 Take delivery of pipes and fittings near to trench. Do not impede traffic.
.3 Unload pipe using mechanical equipment.
.4 Place materials in safe storage.
.5 Do not drop pipe onto ground, rubber tires, or equivalent.
3.02 SITE PREPARATION
.1 Do site preparation to OPSS 490 unless covered under separate item.
3.03 TRENCHING AND BACKFILLING
.1 Do trenching and backfilling to Section 02315.
3.04 PIPE BEDDING
.1 Place bedding materials as shown on Contract Drawings and Region of

.2 Keep pipe joints clear of bedding materials to permit jointing. After jointing
is complete, place bedding materials as specified.
3.05 INSTALLATION OF PIPES
.1 The third paragraph of Subsection 441.07.14 of OPSS 441 is modified in

that the Owner may raise or lower the invert of the watermain by up to 300
mm without constituting a Change in the Work.

Works Department
Page 8 of 12
.2 Lower pipe into trench carefully by means approved by Contract

Administrator.
.3 Keep trench dry to 1.0 m below invert. Do not lay pipe in water.
Reference Section 02240 - Dewatering.
3.06 CATHODIC PROTECTION ANODE INSTALLATION
.1 All ferrous and other non-plastic materials, including tracer wire and
mechanical restrainers, shall be cathodically protected in accordance with
Region of Durham Standard Drawings.
.2 The pipe or fitting surface shall be cleaned to facilitate welding of the

anode lead wire to the pipe.
.3 The anode lead shall be CAD welded to the pipe surface and the integrity
of each weld tested and verified by the Contract Administrator. The weld
shall be repeated if necessary.
.4 The anode shall be placed at least 300 mm from the pipe. The positioned
anode shall be soaked after installation until saturated with water to
ensure immediate operation.
3.07 BEDDING AND COVER
.1 Place bedding and cover materials in accordance with Region of Durham

Standard Drawings and as specified.
3.08 INSTALLATION OF VALVES
.1 Install valves in accordance with Region of Durham Standard Drawings.
3.09 INSTALLATION OF HYDRANTS
.1 Install each hydrant assembly, including tracer wire, in accordance with

.2 Anti-tampering devices shall be installed by Region of Durham forces on

all hydrants deemed necessary by the Region of Durham. These hydrants
will be duly marked indicating an appropriate penalty of $5,000.00 by by-
law. A fee will be charged for each device supplied and installed by the
Region of Durham.

Works Department
Page 9 of 12
3.10 INSTALLATION OF SERVICE CONNECTIONS
.1 Install water service connections as shown on Contract Drawings, in

accordance with Region of Durham Standard Drawings and as ordered by
the Contract Administrator.
.2 Install curb stop box vertically and flush with final grade elevation.
.3 All services are to be blown-off prior to completing trench backfill.
.4 Install a 50 mm dia. blow-off on all services 100 mm dia. and larger.
.5 Install 19 mm dia. Test Point at all service connection valves 100 mm dia.
and larger where service pipe is longer than one length of pipe.
3.11 MARKING AND RECORDING HOUSE SERVICE CONNECTIONS
.1 Place temporary location marker consisting of a 50 mm x 75 mm stake or

two short sections of lumber connected by a piece of heavy gauge wire at
end of plugged or capped service connection. Top 100 mm of marker to
be painted blue.
.2 Place painted marker at a point 300 mm above plugged end of service

pipe. Marker shall extend to 900 mm above finished grade.
.3 Do not backfill house service connections until inspected and

measurements of locations have been taken by Contract Administrator.
Measurements shall include both horizontal ties to nearby structures/
landmarks and geodetic elevations. Location measurements must be
taken for new and replacement services.
3.12 SHUTTING DOWN OR CHARGING WATERMAINS
.1 All existing watermain valves and hydrants are to be operated by Region

of Durham forces except in case of an emergency or with written approval
of Region of Durham.
.2 Contractor is responsible to give 48 hours notice, or longer if requested by

Contract Administrator, to any consumer affected by closing down of any
section of existing system.

Works Department
Page 10 of 12
3.13 CONNECTIONS TO EXISTING WATERMAINS
.1 Connections to existing watermains and water services shall normally be

performed Monday to Friday between the hours of 6:00 a.m. and 10:00
p.m. No extra payment will be made for connections made within these
hours.
.2 Connections to existing watermains shall not be completed until the new

watermain installation has been swabbed, pressure tested and chlorinated
to the satisfaction of the Contract Administrator.
.3 Chlorinate and sample new watermain prior to connecting existing

services to new watermain/service in compliance with AWWA C651 in
accordance with the Ontario Drinking Water Standards, Section 2.1g.
.4 Disinfect all appurtenances used in connecting to an existing watermain,

or cutting into an existing watermain, with a certified chlorine.
.5 Maintain existing watermains and water services to customers at all times

except with consent of the Contact Administrator.
.6 Install 14.5 kg magnesium anode on all exposed ferrous watermains and

fittings. Reference Region of Durham Standard Drawings.
3.14 THRUST RESTRAINT
.1 All fittings on PVC pipe shall have restrained joints and granular thrust
blocks as required by Region of Durham Standard Drawings.
.2 All joints encountered within the specified restraining length as indicated

on Region of Durham Standard Drawings, shall be restrained.
.3 Concrete Pressure Pipe shall have thrust restraints as shown on Contract

Drawings and verified by the manufacturer.
.4 All branch valves 100 mm diameter and larger shall be restrained to the
tee.
.5 All in-line valves shall be restrained. Reference Region of Durham

Standard Drawings for restraint of valves.
3.15 TRACER WIRE
.1 On open cut installations, provide one tracer wire in accordance with


Works Department
Page 11 of 12
.2 On all Horizontal Directional Drilling installations, provide two tracer wires,

positioned on opposite sides of the pipe.
3.16 FOAM SWABBING
.1 Foam swabbing shall be the responsibility of the Contractor and shall be

performed on ALL new PVC watermains.
.2 Region of Durham staff must be present during swabbing for valve

operation and to ensure conformance with the specifications.
.3 A sufficient quantity of dense foam swabs by at least 50 mm greater than

the inside diameter of the largest size pipe being cleaned shall be passed
through the entire length of the completed pipeline at a rate not exceeding
0.45 m/s and shall be run until debris or contaminants are removed. Each
swab shall be exited out each fire hydrant.
.4 The foam swabs used are to be a minimum medium density in the range
of 7.32 kg/m².
.5 Foam swabbing shall only be performed by an experienced pipeline

cleaning company using workers certified as Level 1 Water Distribution.
Acceptable firms are: Corix, Jackson-Tkach and Ontario Clean Water
Agency or other licensed companies that may be approved by the
Contract Administrator on a site specific basis only. At least one worker
on site must have the following qualifications: Drinking Water Operator
Certificate - Water Distribution Class 1.
3.17 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TESTING
.1 Hydrostatic pressure and hydrostatic leakage tests will be carried out by

Region of Durham forces unless otherwise specified, however, Contractor
shall pre-test watermain prior to Region of Durham testing. Testing
pressure shall be 1035 kPa.
.2 Supply labour and equipment as required to assist Region of Durham

crew conduct tests.
.3 Provide shelter of minimum size 2.6 m x 2.6 m x 2.6 m to protect Test

Point and equipment from freezing. Maintain temperature inside shelter at
minimum 5°C using propane or other acceptable heater.
.4 Hydrostatic pressure test shall be performed by Region of Durham after

foam swabbing.

Works Department
Page 12 of 12
.5 If a second test is required on Region of Durham or Local Municipalities

capital contracts, all costs shall be borne by the Contractor.
.6 Tracer wire shall be tested by Region of Durham at time of hydrostatic

pressure testing or during Final Inspection.
3.18 FLUSHING AND DISINFECTING WATERMAINS
.1 Charging and Flushing: Chlorination of watermain and appurtenances

shall be carried out by Region of Durham forces, unless specified
otherwise.
.2 Clean and chlorinate all tie-ins and short sections of watermain and
service connections (100 mm dia. and larger) during installation where
such pipes cannot be isolated for chlorination after installation.
.3 Where more than one chlorination is required on Regional or Local

Municipalities capital contracts, the Contractor may be required to bear the
costs of such testing.
.4 Subdivision Developers shall pay all Region of Durham costs for flushing
and disinfecting of watermains and appurtenances.
3.19 DISPOSAL OF WASTE WATER
.1 Disposal of all chlorinated water used for testing, flushing or disinfecting

watermain will be carried out by the Region of Durham unless otherwise
specified.
3.20 MARKER SIGNS
.1 If a watermain is located within an easement or open field situation, the

Developer/Contractor shall be responsible to place Region of Durham
watermain marker signs in accordance with Region of Durham Standard
Drawings.
.2 Marker signs will be made available to the Developer/Contractor from the

Region of Durham at no cost. Marker posts and all installation costs shall
be at the Developer's/Contractor's expense. Spacing shall be as shown
on the Contract Drawings.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION PIPE SEWERS
Page 1
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION

specifications within OPSS 410. The requirements of this Section shall be
applicable to both gravity sanitary sewers and storm sewers unless noted
otherwise.

Compacting




.10 OPSS 401 - Construction Specification for Trenching, Backfilling and

Compaction
.11 OPSS 410 - Construction Specification for Pipe Sewer Installation in Open
Cut
.12 OPSS 490 - Construction Specification for Site Preparation for Pipelines,
.13 OPSS 492 - Construction Specification for Site Restoration Following

Installation of Pipelines, Utilities and Associated Structures in Open Cut

Works Department
Page 2
.1 Measurement for risers on service connections will be made along the

centreline of the riser pipe from the connection at the main sewer to a
point where the service can be measured horizontally, and horizontally
from that point to the end of the connection pipe.
.1 Unit price bid for main sewer or house service connections shall include all
labour, equipment and materials to do the work as specified, including, but
not limited to:

item.
e) Abandoning of existing sewer pipes in accordance with Contract

Drawings including:
ii) Removal and disposal off site of existing pipe.
iii) Supply and placement of 15 MPa concrete plug in the ends

of the existing pipes that are to be abandoned in place. The
minimum length of the concrete plug shall be 300 mm.
f) Temporary pumping and/or by-pass arrangements required for

existing flows, to allow for maintenance hole construction, benching
in maintenance holes or sewer replacement to be completed.
g) Supply and installation of all pipe, fittings, bends, saddles, sleeves,

and other appurtenances, complete in the specified bedding and
cover.

Works Department
Page 3
h) Connections to existing sewer pipes with proper adapters, sweep

bends, couplings (as required).
i) Connections to existing or proposed maintenance holes, as

required.
j) Substitution of 19 mm Clear Stone Type I in lieu of 19 mm Crusher
Run limestone for Class B bedding in wet areas at the Contract
Administrator's direction as shown on Region of Durham Standard
Drawings.
k) Supply, placement and compaction of an additional 150 mm depth

the Contract Administrator's direction all as shown on Region of
l) Backfill with select native materials and compaction.
m) Permanent surface restoration in accordance with Section 02700,

Special Provisions and Contract Drawings, unless included in a
separate item.
n) Supply of marker posts and all installation costs where sanitary

sewer is located within an easement or open field situation.
o) Pig tests for all sections of PVC sanitary sewer pipe as specified.
p) CCTV camera inspection of all new in-place sewer pipe (mains only
- services are not included) and all related costs.
Note: On Region of Durham contracts, the CCTV inspection shall
be performed by the Region of Durham.
q) Recording of exact location and elevation of end of completed

sewer installation.
r) Marking and recording of exact location and elevation of all plugged

ends of service connection as required. Service connection stubs
are not to be backfilled until as-constructed inverts and ties are
surveyed by the Contractor's surveyor and approved by the Region
of Durham Inspector. The exact locations of all new service
connections shall be field confirmed by the Contract Administrator
unless specifically dimensioned on the Contract Drawings.
s) All other work necessary to complete installation of sewer or house

service connection pipe as specified.

Works Department
Page 4
.2 Tender quantity for main line sewers will include any adjustment in length
within plus or minus 0.3 metres to what is shown on the Contract
Drawings. No increase is to be given or deduction taken for adjustments
within the 0.3 metre horizontal tolerance. If actual measurement is outside
this tolerance, actual measurement will be paid.
.3 Partial payment may be made for installed but untested or unsatisfactorily

tested sewers. Portion of unit price not paid will not be limited to estimated
cost of carrying out testing. Factors such as soil conditions, quality of
workmanship, depth of sewer and estimated cost of carrying out repairs
and making good all related damage shall be taken into account.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 MATERIALS
.1 Reference Region of Durham Approval Manufacturers’ Products List on

The Road Authority web site of www.roadauthority.com
.2 All sewer and service connection materials shall be in accordance with

Contract Drawings and Special Provisions.
which they will be used and connected.

02315.
3.01 TRANSPORTING, UNLOADING AND STORING PIPE
.4 Do not drop pipe onto ground, rubber tires, or equivalent.

Works Department
Page 5
.1 Do site preparation to OPSS 490 unless covered under a separate item.
3.04 PIPE BEDDING
.1 Place bedding materials as shown on Contract Drawings and Details.
.2 Keep pipe joints clear of bedding materials to permit jointing. After jointing
is completed, place bedding materials as specified.
3.05 INSTALLATION OF PIPES
.1 The fifth paragraph of Subsection 410.07.12.01 of OPSS 410 is deleted

and replaced with the following:
When the Owner raises or lowers the invert of a pipe sewer by 300
mm or less, it will not constitute a Change in the Work and no
adjustment will be made to the payment. Where the invert of a pipe
sewer is raised or lowered by more than 300 mm, it shall constitute
a Change in the Work for the full extent of the change from the
original grade.
.2 Lower pipe into trench carefully by means approved by Contract

Administrator.
.3 Keep trench dry to 1.0 m below invert. Do not lay pipe in water.
Reference Section 02240 - Dewatering.
3.06 JOINTING GENERAL
.1 Keep pipe parallel to previously laid pipe. Sling pipe only at centre.
.2 Pull or push pipe only by hand or power operated winch. DO NOT USE
BACKHOE FOR PUSHING PIPE.
.3 Prevent joints from opening after pipe has been laid.

Works Department
Page 6
3.07 JOINTING CONCRETE PIPE
.1 Position gasket on spigot of pipe.
a) Roll-on gasket: (only on concrete pipe less than 450 mm dia.)
i) Position gasket at end of spigot.

ii) Do not lubricate.
b) Single Offset Gasket:
i) Position gasket against support shoulder with fin(s) pointing

away from spigot.
ii) Equalize tension in gasket.
iii) Lubricate top of gasket and inside of bell.
c) Confined 'O' Ring Gasket:
i) Lubricate groove.
ii) Position gasket in groove.
iii) Equalize tension in gasket.
iii) Lubricate gasket and inside of bell.
.2 Align pipe ends and enter gasketted spigot straight into bell of receiving
pipe.
.3 Push or pull "home" spigot with pressure evenly and slowly applied
straight-on-down centreline of pipe.
.4 Maintain jointing pressure until cover material is placed and compacted

sufficiently to prevent joints from opening.
3.08 JOINTING VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE
.1 Type 4 Joint:
a) Position O-ring in groove in spigot.
b) Equalize tension in gasket.
c) Lubricate spigot and O-ring.
d) Enter spigot firmly into bell.
e) Push pipe "home" using pry bar and block assembly.

Works Department
Page 7
3.09 JOINTING POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) PIPE
.1 Insert gasket in groove of bell end of pipe if gaskets are supplied Polyvinyl
Chloride separately.
.2 Lubricate spigot.
.3 Insert and push spigot end into bell up to but not beyond depth of stop
reference mark.
3.10 JOINTING HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PIPE
.1 Push-on joint:
a) Insert neoprene "O" ring gasket in groove of Spigot end.
b) Lubricate bell of previously laid pipe.
c) Align spigot with bell of previously laid pipe so that gasket is in

contact with flared bell surface around entire circumference.
d) Push pipe "home" by bar and block or manual come-alongs. Push

spigot into bell up to but not beyond circumferential depth mark.
DO NOT PUSH PIPE WITH BACKHOE BUCKET.
.2 Butt Fusion Joint:
a) Follow procedures recommended by pipe manufacturer.

Standard Drawings.
3.12 HOUSE SERVICE CONNECTIONS
.1 Install house sanitary service connections as shown on Contract Drawings

in accordance with Region of Durham Standard Drawings and as directed
by Contract Administrator.
.2 Connection of Foundation Drain Collectors to sanitary sewers is not

permitted.

Works Department
Page 8
3.13 MARKING AND RECORDING HOUSE SERVICE CONNECTIONS
.1 Top 100 mm of marker to be painted green for sanitary sewers and red for
storm sewers/foundation drain collectors.
.2 Place painted marker at a point 300 mm above plugged end of service

pipe. Marker shall extend to 900 mm above finished grade.
.3 Do not backfill house service connections until inspected and

measurements of locations have been taken by Contract Administrator.
Measurements shall include both horizontal ties to nearby structures/
landmarks and geodetic elevations. Location measurements must be
taken for new and replacement services.
3.14 CLEANING
.1 Prior to CCTV inspection, clean and flush all new sewer pipes and any
existing pipe section where a new pipe is cut in or a pipe is extended.
Cleaning and flushing shall be performed using the hydro-jet method.
.2 Equipment shall be vacuum capable combination hydro-jet cleaner

system.
3 Contractor shall completely clean out all sediment and debris found in
sewer mains to the satisfaction of the Contract Administrator. This process
may require more than one pass.
.4 Contractor shall trap and remove debris found in maintenance holes or

any solids or debris accumulated in downstream maintenance hole
resulting from the cleaning operation.
.5 Method of hydro jet cleaning and flushing shall be as follows:
a) Starting at high end of sewer system, systematically clean

downstream to larger diameter pipe.
b) Remove cover from upstream maintenance hole for visual

inspection.
c) In sections where heavy deposits may be encountered, the

Contractor shall place a trap or weir in the outlet side of the
maintenance hole to trap debris.

Works Department
Page 9
d) At downstream maintenance hole, engage pump to operating

pressure and feed jet head and hose upstream in stages until
upstream maintenance hole is reached.
e) Pull hose back downstream. Cleaning operation shall be continued

until no further debris or sediment is flushed from pipes.
f) Replace cover on upstream maintenance hole, disengage pump

and remove hose from downstream maintenance hole.
g) Remove debris from downstream maintenance hole using vacuum

and remove weir or sediment trap. All debris shall be contained
and removed from the site to an approved disposal area.
.6 For new subdivision systems perform low flow simulation after cleaning
and flushing and immediately prior to camera inspection by introducing
water at high point of completed sanitary sewer system and allowing to
flow to low point by gravity. Rectify any ponding areas found during CCTV
Inspection as directed by Contract Administrator.
3.15 CCTV INSPECTION
.1 Do CCTV Inspection to Section 01450
3.16 PVC PIG TEST
.1 Pig tests will not be required on PVC pipe unless unsatisfactory results are
obtained from the CCTV Inspection.
.2 If the Contract Administrator deems that pigging is necessary after CCTV
Inspection, each section of PVC sanitary sewer pipe shall be tested as
follows with the passing of an approved test pig from maintenance hole to
maintenance hole:
Initial 24 Hour Test by the Contractor
Sewer Size Pig Size
200 mm dia. PVC Pipe - 185 mm dia. Pig

375 mm dia. PVC Pipe - 335 mm dia. pig

Works Department
Page 10
Ultimate 24 Month Test by the Region
Sewer Size Pig Size

3.17 MARKER SIGNS
.1 If a sanitary sewer is located within an easement or open field situation,

the Developer/Contractor shall be responsible to place Region of Durham
Sanitary Sewer marker signs in accordance with Region of Durham
Standard Drawings.
.2 Marker signs shall be made available to the Developer/Contractor from the

be at the Developer’s/Contractor’s expense. Spacing shall be as shown
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION SEWAGE FORCEMAINS
Page 1 of 5
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION


Compacting



.8 OPSS 412 - Construction Specification for Sewage Forcemain

Construction by Open Cut Method
.9 OPSS 490 – Construction Specification for Site Preparation for Pipelines,

Utilities, and Associated Structures in Open Cut

.1 Unit price bid for sewage forcemain pipe shall include all labour,
equipment and materials to do the work as specified, including but not
limited to:

Page 2 of 5

item.
e) Abandoning of existing forcemain pipes in accordance with

Contract Drawings including:

ii) Removal and disposal off site of existing pipes and fittings,
thrust restraints and thrust blocks as required.
ii) Supply and placement of 15 MPa concrete plug in the ends
of the existing watermains that are to be abandoned in
place. Minimum length of the concrete plug shall be
300 mm.
iii) Supply and placement of mechanical plug on existing
watermain to remain in service, where required.
f) Supply and installation of all pipes, fittings, bends, adapters,

reducers, specials, sleeves, restrainers, thrust blocks and tracer
wire, complete in the specified bedding.
g) Connections to existing forcemains and maintenance holes

complete with proper adapters.
h) Supply and installation of underground warning tape.
i) All cathodic protection in accordance with Region of Durham

Standard Drawings.
j) Cathodic protection of existing ferrous pipes and fittings where

exposed in accordance with Region of Durham Standard Drawings
when such exposed pipe/fitting is to remain in service.
k) Substitution of 19 mm Clear Stone Type I in lieu of 19 mm Crusher

Run Limestone for Class B bedding in wet areas at the Contract
Administrator's direction in accordance with Region of Durham
Standard Drawings.
l) Supply, placement and compaction of an additional 150 mm depth

the Contract Administrator's direction in accordance with Region of

Page 3 of 5
m) Backfill with Select Native Materials and compaction.
n) Permanent surface restoration in accordance with Section 02700

and Special Provisions, unless included in a separate item.
o) Supply of marker posts and all installation costs where forcemain is

located within an easement or open field situation.
p) All testing and cleaning of forcemains in accordance with this

Section.
q) Water for testing and flushing where required.
r) Provision of temporary plug and blow off at open end of forcemain.
s) Recording of exact location and elevation of end of completed

forcemain installation.
t) All other work necessary to complete watermain and services as

specified.
.2 Tender quantity for forcemain will include any adjustment in length within
plus or minus 0.3 metres to what is shown on the Contract Drawings. No
increase is to be given or deduction taken for adjustment within the 0.3
metre horizontal tolerance. If actual measurement is outside this
tolerance, actual measurement will be paid.
.3 Valves and chambers to be paid as separate items.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 PIPE MATERIALS
.1 Reference Region of Durham Approved Manufacturers’ Products List on

.2 All sewage forcemain materials shall be in accordance with Contract

Drawings and Special Provisions.
which they will be used.

02315.

Page 4 of 5
3.01 TRANSPORTING UNLOADING, AND PIPE STORING
.4 Follow pipe manufacturer's handling and storage recommendations.
.1 Do site preparation to OPSS 490 unless covered under a separate item.
3.04 CATHODIC PROTECTION ANODE INSTALLATION
.1 All ferrous and other non-plastic materials including tracer wire, and
mechanical restrainers shall be cathodically protected in accordance with
.2 The pipe or fitting surface shall be cleaned to facilitate welding of the

anode lead wire to the pipe. The anode lead shall be CAD welded to the
pipe surface and the integrity of each weld tested and verified by the
Contract Administrator. The weld shall be repeated if necessary.
.3 The anode shall be placed at least 300 mm from the pipe. The positioned
anode shall be soaked after installation until saturated with water to
ensure immediate operation.

Standard Drawings.
2 Place warning tape on top of cover prior to backfilling.
3.06 INSTALLATION OF VALVES
.1 Install valves in accordance with Region of Durham Standard Drawings.

Page 5 of 5
3.07 THRUST RESTRAINT
.1 All fittings on PVC pipe shall have restrained joints and granular thrust
blocks in accordance with Region of Durham Standard Drawings. In
addition, all joints encountered within the specified restraining length as
indicated on Region of Durham Standard Drawings, must also be
restrained. Concrete Pressure Pipe shall have thrust restraints as shown
on Contract Drawings and verified by the manufacturer.
3.08 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TESTING
.1 Hydrostatic pressure and hydrostatic leakage tests will be carried out by

the Region of Durham unless otherwise specified. Testing pressure shall
be 710 kPa or as specified in the Contract Documents.
.2 Supply labour and equipment as required to assist the Region of

Durham’s crew to conduct tests.
.3 Tracer wire shall be tested by Region of Durham at time of pressure

testing and during Final Inspection.
3.09 CLEANING
.1 Cleaning and flushing will be carried out by the Contractor unless

otherwise specified.
.2 Cleaning to include passing of at least one swab through entire length of

forcemain.
3.10 MARKERS
.1 If a forcemain is located within an easement or open field situation, the

developer/contractor shall be responsible to place Region of Durham
forcemain markers in accordance with Region of Durham Standard
Drawings.
.2 Marker signs shall be made available to the Developer/Contractor from the

be at the Developer's/Contractor's expense. Spacing shall be as shown
END OF SECTION

DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION MAINTENANCE HOLES, CATCH BASINS, DITCH
INLETS AND VALVE CHAMBERS
Page 1 of 5
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section is supplemental to OPSS 407 and OPSS 408 and shall
supersede conflicting specifications within OPSS 407 and OPSS 408.
.1 Construction Specification Section 02315 – Trenching, Backfilling and

Compacting


.7 OPSS 407 - Construction Specification for Maintenance Hole, Catch

Basin, Ditch Inlet and Valve Chamber Installation
.8 OPSS 408 - Construction Specification for Adjusting or Rebuilding

Maintenance Holes, Catch Basins, Ditch Inlets and Valve Chambers
.9 OPSS 441 - Construction Specification for Watermain Installation in Open

Cut
.1 Measure for payment of Storm Sewer Maintenance Holes, Catch Basins

and Ditch Inlets shall be on an each basis in accordance with Subsection
407.09.01.01 of OPSS 407.
.2 Measure for payment of Sanitary Sewer Maintenance Holes and Valve

Chambers shall be on an lump sum basis for each individual structure.

Works Department
Page 2 of 5
.1 The price bid for each structure shall include all labour, equipment and
materials required to do the Work, including but not limited to:
a) Excavation to grade and disposal of surplus materials.
b) Bulkheads as required.
c) Supply, place and compact bedding material in accordance with

d) Cast-in-place concrete and reinforcing steel.
e) Precast concrete structures and sections.
f) Supply and installation of associated appurtenances in structures

as specified and shown on Contract Drawings.
g) Benching, where specified.
h) Drop structures in accordance with Region of Durham Standard

Drawings unless paid under a separate item.
i) Steps or ladders, as specified.
j) Safety grates in accordance with Region of Durham Standard

Drawings.
k) Insulation where specified.
l) Frames and covers/grates as specified.
m) Modular adjustment units.
n) Backfill and compaction.
o) Restoration and clean up.
p) All other work necessary to complete installation of structure.
.2 Bid price for each structure shall also include any adjustment in grade to
the within plus or minus 0.3 metres of what is shown on the Contract
Drawings. No increase is to be given or deduction taken for adjustment
within the 0.3 metre vertical tolerance.

Works Department
Page 3 of 5
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 BEDDING AND BACKFILL MATERIALS
.1 Bedding and backfill materials shall be as specified in Section 02315.
2.02 COATINGS FOR BENCHING AND CHANNELLING
.1 Capprock E-Epoxy Grouting Resin (Two-Component) for Industrial Sewer

benching/channelling, manufactured and supplied by Cappar Limited,
39 Selby Road, Brampton, Ontario. L6W 1K5 Telephone (905) 453-5280.
2.03 VALVES IN CHAMBERS
.1 Handwheels are not approved and shall not be used.
3.01 EXCAVATION AND BACKFILLING
.1 Excavate and backfill to Section 02318.
.2 Supply, place and compact 300 mm wide Granular ‘B’ backfill all around
structure, full height, above bedding/cover material to sub-grade or bottom
of surface treatment.
3.02 INSTALLATION
.1 Complete structures as pipe laying progresses.
.2 Pour cast-in-place bottom slab against undisturbed ground.
.3 Repair all visible leaks.
3.03 BENCHING AND CHANNELLING
.1 Bench invert of maintenance holes in accordance with OPSD-701.021 or

as detailed. Maintain minimum of 225 mm width of benching platform on
both sides of pipe opening.
.2 Set inlet and outlet pipes securely in concrete base and walls so that
maintenance hole is watertight.
.3 Make channelling smooth and flush with adjacent pipe inverts with no pipe
protruding into maintenance hole.

Works Department
Page 4 of 5
.4 All concrete to have steel trowel finish.
.5 Coat benching and channelling with Capprock 'E' Mortar when specified.
Mortar mix to be trowelled over rough surface benching/channelling in
13 mm layer in accordance with manufacturer's recommended method.
Mortar must be applied to a clean dry surface.
.6 Pre-benched precast sections will only be permitted in new subdivisions or

when specifically approved by the Contract Administrator. Any alterations
required to pre-benched maintenance holes will be at the expense of the
Contractor.
3.04 ADJUSTING STRUCTURES
.1 After the addition or removal of brick or adjustment units, the existing

bricks and adjustment units shall be cleaned and patched/parged to the
.2 Where existing valve chambers include slide-type valve boxes, the valve
box shall be adjusted to a maximum height of 300 mm. Additional new
sections or total replacement shall be paid using the appropriate Schedule
of Contingency Unit Prices item.
.3 The total height of adjustment units installed shall not exceed 300 mm.
3.05 STRUCTURE CHIMNEY
.1 Plaster and trowel smooth outside face of all adjustment rings with 12 mm
thick mortar and coat with two separate coats of approved bituminous
waterproofing.
.2 Parge exterior of adjustment units from top of uppermost adjustment unit

extending down to 25 mm below the top of the uppermost precast section.
3.06 INSULATION
.1 Install insulation in roof, wall or access way in accordance with Region of

Durham Standard Drawings and Contract Drawings.
.2 Install insulation to manufacturer's recommendation.

Works Department
Page 5 of 5
3.07 EXTENSION STEM AND BOXES FOR VALVE CHAMBERS
.1 Supply and install solid steel extension stems, sleeves and valve boxes in
valve chambers in accordance with Region of Durham Standard Drawings
and Contract Drawings.
.2 Install caps for valve boxes flush with final grade.
.3 Anchor guides for extension stem securely to concrete wall in accordance

with Region of Durham Standard Drawings and Contract Drawings.
3.08 LEAKAGE TESTING
.1 Test sanitary sewer maintenance holes for leakage when specified in the
Contract Documents or when ordered by the Contract Administrator.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION SITE RESTORATION FOR UNDERGROUND SERVICES
Page 1 of 4
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION

.1 Construction Specification Section 02749 - Roadway and Driveway

Construction
.2 Construction Specification Section 02930 - Trees and Shrubs

Installation of Pipelines, Utilities and Associated Structures
.1 Where the proposed pipe sewer, watermain or related appurtenance to be

constructed is located within the limits of grading operations for road
works, payment for all costs to restore the disturbed area in accordance
with this Section shall be deemed to be included in the unit price bid for
applicable roadwork item.
.2 Where the proposed pipe sewer, watermain or related appurtenance to be

constructed is located outside the limits of grading operations for road
works, or where no roadwork is proposed, payment for all costs to restore
the disturbed area in accordance with this Section shall be deemed to be
included in the unit price bid for applicable restoration item or, if no such
item is present, in the unit price bid for the applicable pipeline, utility or
associated structure.
PART 2 – MATERIALS
2.01 WELDED WIRE MESH REINFORCEMENT
.1 Welded wire mesh reinforcement for sidewalks to be 150 mm x 150 mm

weave, MW18.7 x MW 18.7 unless noted otherwise

Page 2 of 4
2.02 TOPSOIL
.1 Topsoil shall be in accordance with Section 02905.
.2 The Contract Administrator may accept stripped material from the site as a
substitute for screened topsoil if, in his sole judgement, such stripped
material meets the specification. The Contract Administrator may require
quality testing of stripped material before accepting same.
.3 If stripped material does not meet specification, topsoil shall be imported,

screened topsoil.
2.03 SOD
.1 Subsection 803.05.01 of OPSS 803 is amended by the deletion of the

third sentence in paragraph 2, and replacing it with the following sentence:
There shall be no more than 5 broadleaf weeds per 40 square metres of

sod.
2.04 CONCRETE FOR SIDEWALKS AND CURBS
.1 Concrete for sidewalks and curb and gutter systems is deemed to be

exposure class C-2 according to CSA A23.1. Where the requirements of
CSA A23.1 for exposure class C-2 are more stringent than Subsection
351.05.01 of OPSS 351 and Subsection 353.05.01 of OPSS 353, the
more stringent requirements shall apply.
3.01 ROADWAY RESTORATION
.1 Do roadway restoration to Section 02749.
3.02 CONCRETE SIDEWALK AND CONCRETE CURB & GUTTER
.1 Construct concrete sidewalks and concrete curb and gutter in accordance

with OPSS 351 and OPSS 353 respectively, except as specified
otherwise, and to the details specified on the Contract Documents.
.2 Wire mesh reinforcement shall be used at all commercial and industrial

driveways.
.3 Sidewalk shall be placed on granular base where specified.

Page 3 of 4
.4 Match existing grades, joint patterns and finish.
.5 Construct contraction joints at intervals not exceeding 2.0 m.
.6 Construct expansion joints at intervals not exceeding 6.0 m. Provide

expansion joints where sidewalk abuts other concrete structures, walks,
curbs, utility poles, hydrants maintenance holes and any other location
specified by the Contract Administrator.
.7 Isolate utility poles, hydrants, maintenance holes and other utility

structures and appurtenances according to OPSD 310.040.
.8 Increase sidewalk width to 1.8 m where adjacent to curb and gutter.
.9 Construct sidewalk ramps at intersections according to the standards of

the local municipality or, where there is no such local standard, according
to OPSD 310.030 with a smooth transition to curb (no lip).
3.03 PREPARATION OF AREAS TO RECEIVE SOD AND SEED/MULCH
.1 Subsection 802.07.02 of OPSS 802 is deleted in its entirety and replaced

with the following:
Areas where topsoil is to be placed shall be fine graded to a uniform

surface according to OPSS 206. The subgrade shall be compacted
to 95% Standard Proctor Density. The surface shall then be
loosened to a depth of 25 mm. The surface shall be free of
vegetation and other debris, and free of stones over 25 mm in any
dimension.
The prepared subgrade surface shall be at a depth to allow for

placement of 100 mm of compacted topsoil.
3.04 PLACEMENT OF SOD
.1 Subsection 803.07.04 of OPSS 803 is amended by the addition of the

following:
Sod shall be placed within 24 hours after delivery to the job site
unless otherwise authorized by the Contract Administrator. Sod not
placed within the permitted time shall be removed and disposed of
off site and replaced with new sod meeting specifications.
Sod shall be rolled within 24 hours of being placed.

Page 4 of 4
Sod shall be saturated immediately after rolling. The Contractor

shall saturate the sod in such a manner as to prevent displacement.
All areas of displaced sod shall be repaired immediately.
On all slopes 2:1 or steeper, every sod shall be pegged.
Sod along ditch inverts and one row on both sides of the ditch invert
shall be pegged. Minimum width of sod to be pegged in ditches
shall be 1.2 m.
.2 Subsection 803.07.05 of OPSS 803 is deleted in its entirety and replaced

with the following:
Sod shall be maintained for a 30 consecutive Day maintenance

period following acceptance.
For sod placed after September 30 in any calendar year, sod shall
be maintained until May 30 of the following calendar year.
All sod placed is to be kept healthy, actively growing and green in

leaf colour. The Contractor shall provide maintenance watering as
required during the 30 Days maintenance period.
.3 Subsection 803.08.02 of OPSS 803 is amended by the addition of the

following:
If surface soil should be visible between the rolls of sod the

Contractor Administrator may, at his sole discretion, request the
Contractor to correct the open joints by providing topsoil and seed, in
lieu of repositioning the displaced rolls of sod.
END OF SECTION

DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION ROADWAY AND DRIVEWAY CONSTRUCTION
Page 1 of 11
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for constructing and restoring

roadways and driveways. Refer to Contract Documents for exact profile
and details.
.3 OPSS 304 - Construction Specification for Single and Double Treatment
.4 OPSS 310 - Construction Specification for Hot Mix Asphalt
.5 OPSS 314 - Construction Specifications for Untreated Granular, Subbase,

Base, Surface Shoulder and Stockpiling.
.6 OPSS 350 - Construction Specification for Concrete Pavement and

Concrete Base

.8 OPSS 501 - Construction Specification for Compacting
.9 OPSS 1001 - Material Specification for Aggregates – General
.10 OPSS 1010 - Material Specification for Aggregates – Base, Subbase,

Select Subbase and Backfill Material
.11 OPSS 1150 - Material Specifications for Hot Mix Asphalt
.12 OPSS.MUNI 1350 - Material Specification for Concrete – Materials and

Production
1.03 DEFINITIONS
.1 Pavement Surface Course (on Grade):
a) Final treatment of surface upon which traffic shall pass.

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Page 2 of 11
.2 Pavement Base Course (Binder):
a) Material upon which surface course is placed.
.3 Granular Base Material:
a) Material placed between granular subbase and binder pavement.
.4 Granular Subbase Material:
a) Material placed between subgrade and base course.
.5 Subgrade:
a) Earth or rock surface, whether in cut or fill, as prepared for base or

subbase.
1.04 SCHEDULING OF WORK
.1 Schedule temporary restoration of roadway to follow closely behind trench

backfilling. Unless otherwise noted, permanent restoration may be
delayed until all trenching has been completed.
1.05 MAINTENANCE
.1 Make and maintain roadway safe for passage of traffic after completion of
backfilling until permanent restoration takes place.
.2 Maintain restored roadway surfaces for period of guaranteed

maintenance.
.1 Payment for temporary and permanent restoration of existing roadway,

shoulders and driveways to be included in unit price bid in Form of Tender
for construction of pipeline unless noted otherwise in the Special
Provisions.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 MATERIALS
.1 Granular Subbase Material:
a) Granular B to OPSS 1010, Type I as amended in this Section.

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Page 3 of 11
.2 Granular Base Course:
a) Granular A to OPSS 1010.
b) Granular B to OPSS 1010, Type I as amended in this Section.
.3 Pavement Courses:
a) Hot-mix, hot-laid asphalt to OPSS 1150 as amended in this

Section.
b) Asphalt cement to meet Performance Grade PGAC 58-28 in

accordance with OPSS.MUNI 1101 for local streets and non-
commercial driveways.
c) Asphalt cement to meet Performance Grade PGAC 64-28 in

accordance with OPSS.MUNI 1101 for Regional roads and
commercial driveways.
d) Mix design: to approval of Contract Administrator.
.4 Concrete:
a) Concrete with minimum 28-day compressive strength of 30 MPa, to

OPSS.MUNI 1350.
.5 Subsection 1001.05.01.02 of OPSS 1001 is amended by the deletion of

the following, unless otherwise stated:
“d. Iron blast furnace slag or nickel slag;
f. Reclaimed concrete material.”
.6 Subsection 1001.05.01.03 of OPSS 1001 is amended by the deletion of

the following unless, otherwise stated:
“c. Iron blast furnace slag or nickel slag.
e. Reclaimed concrete material.”
.7 Subsection 1010.05.02 of OPSS 1010 is deleted and replaced with the

following:
“Granular A, Granular M and Granular S aggregates shall consist of

crushed rock composed of hard, uncoated, fractured fragments,
produced from rock formations or boulders of uniform quality, or a
mixture of crushed gravel, sand and fines composed of hard,
durable, uncoated particles, produced from naturally formed
deposits.

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Page 4 of 11
RAP may be blended with a previously tested and accepted natural

granular material such that the blended product contains no more
than 20% by mass of RAP. Blending of the RAP with the granular
material shall occur with the use of cold feed bins or a procedure
approved by the Contract Administrator.
Granular A, Granular M and Granular S aggregates shall not contain

any RCM, slag, glass or ceramic materials.
Granular A, Granular M and Granular S aggregates shall be

stockpiled according to the stockpiling requirements for coarse
aggregates in Subsection 1001.07.05 of OPSS 1001.”
.8 Subsection 1010.05.03.02 of OPSS 1010 is revised as follows:
“RAP may be blended with a previously tested and accepted natural

granular material such that the blended product contains no more
than 20% by mass of RAP. Blending of the RAP with the granular
material shall occur with the use of cold feed bins or a procedure
approved by the Contract Administrator.
Granular B Type I (Modified) shall be stockpiled according to the

stockpiling requirements for coarse aggregates in Subsection
1001.07.05 of OPSS 1001.
RAP containing steel slag aggregates or slag or Portland cement

concrete shall not be allowed.”
.9 Table 2 of OPSS 1010 is amended as follows for Granular B, Type I:
MTO Sieve Percent Passing by

Designation Mass
4.75 mm 20 - 90
1.18 mm 10 - 80
300 μm 2 - 55
150 μm 0 - 25
.10 Subparagraph 1150.04.01.01.01 b) and c) of OPSS 1150 are deleted and

replaced with the following:
“b) Up to 20% by mass of RAP shall be permitted for HL 4 and

HL 8 binder mixes.

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Page 5 of 11
c) Over 40% by mass of RAP is not permitted for any mix.”
following:
“The Contractor shall, upon request, allow the Contractor

Administrator or his representative the right to enter upon the
premises of any of the material manufacturers, suppliers, plants,
laboratories, or equipment for purposes pertaining to the work, to
carry out such inspection, sampling and testing as specified or as
requested by the Contract Administrator or his representative. The
Contractor shall, upon demand, provide the Region of Durham with
copies of daily batch weights for any mixes that have been placed
and any information that relates mix types to batching weights and/or
confirms the percentage of each material used in each mix where
applicable.
.12 OPSS 1150 Table 6 - Marshall Stability - Mix Design Criteria for all Paving
Mixtures is amended as follows:
Minimum Marshall Stability: N at 60 °C

HL 1 Surface Course 11,000
HL 2 Levelling Course 10,500
HL 3 Surface Course 10,500
HL 4 Binder/Surface course 10,500
HL 8 Binder Course 10,500
MDBC 10,500
HDBC 12,500
3.01 PREPARATION OF ASPHALT ROADWAY AND SHOULDER
.1 Saw-cut existing asphalt full depth in neat, consistent, parallel lines in

accordance with Region of Durham Standard Details. Ensure saw-cut
edges are clean and vertical.
.2 Where edge of trench is within 1.0 metre of the edge of pavement, asphalt
shall be removed to said edge of pavement. This provision to apply to
travelled roadways, shoulder asphalt and driveway asphalt.

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3.02 GRADING
.1 Do grading to OPSS 206.
.2 Shape subgrade so that it drains as specified.
.3 Compact subgrade to 95% Standard Proctor Density unless otherwise

specified.
3.03 SUBDRAINS
.1 Restore all damaged subdrains in accordance with OPSS 405 and

OPSD 216.021.
3.04 PLACING GRANULAR MATERIALS
.1 Place granular materials to OPSS 314.
.2 Begin spreading material on crown line or high side.
.3 Place granular subbase materials on properly prepared subgrade to

dimensions specified.
.4 Remove and replace portion of layer where material has become

segregated during spreading.
3.05 ROLLING AND COMPACTING
.1 Compact granular materials according to Method A as described in OPSS

501.
.2 Roll materials from sides to centre, parallel with centreline of roadway.
.3 Apply water as necessary during compaction.
.4 Dry surface of layer by scarifying until moisture content is satisfactory.
.5 Shape and roll alternately to obtain a smooth, even, and uniformly

compacted surface to required contour.
.6 Compact material with hand tampers weighing not less than 25 kilograms
in areas not accessible to rolling equipment.

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Page 7 of 11
3.06 ASPHALT PAVING
.1 Do asphalt paving to OPSS 310 as amended below.
.2 Subsection 310.07.03.01 of OPSS 310 is deleted and replaced with the

following:
“All abutting edges of existing pavement shall be prepared in

accordance with Region of Durham Standard Details and coated with
tack coat prior to placement of new asphalt. Tack coat shall be
placed by the use of a mechanical (pump driven) spray wand that
has the capabilities of being heated for cold weather operation
applying the tack coat in a consistent uniform application. All
longitudinal joints and transverse joints are to be sprayed prior to
placement of the adjacent pass of asphalt to commence at the
beginning and throughout the contract. Failure to have equipment to
apply the tack coat in this manner will hold up commencement of the
paving operations.
NOTE: Hand placement of the tack coat is not acceptable.”
.3 Subsection 310.07.05.02.01 is deleted and replaced with the following:
“To ensure mix compliance, the Contractor shall conduct daily testing
of all asphalt being produced for quality control (QC) purposes. The
Contractor shall be responsible for the necessary process control
testing during hot mix production, placement and compaction, and
any necessary adjustments, to produce uniform, qualified hot mix
asphalt.
The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining all QC samples.

The samples shall be taken in the field using sample plates and
following current MTO sampling test procedures. The Region of
Durham shall determine the location of each random sample and
inform the Contractor prior to the sample being taken by the
Contractor. The Contractor shall take one plate sample for QC
purposes, one sample for Quality Assurance purposes and one
sample for potential referee testing in an appropriate container. The
Contract Administrator may apply security seals to the samples prior
to transportation. The Quality Assurance and potential referee
samples shall be delivered to the Region's Materials Testing
Laboratory at 825 Conlin Rd., Whitby within 4 hours of sampling time.

Works Department
Page 8 of 11
The frequency of testing for asphalt cement content, aggregate

gradation and Marshall Stability compliance shall be based on
Table 6 of OPSS 310.
QC test results shall be forwarded to the Region of Durham within

two working days from the time of sampling. Copies of the test
results shall be faxed to the Region of Durham’s Materials Testing
Lab at 905-655-4067 (Attention: Mr. Joeman Ng, P.Eng.), and the
Contract Administrator. Bi-weekly summaries of all test data shall be
emailed to the Region of Durham’s Materials Testing Lab and the
Contract Administrator for the purpose of review at bi-weekly project
meetings.”
.4 Subsection 310.07.11.01 of OPSS 310 is amended by the addition of the

following:
“All cold longitudinal and transverse joints in the new HMA pavement
shall have all under-compacted material at an unconfined edge of the
new asphalt mat removed (minimum 150 mm from the unconfined
edge) and a straight, clean vertical face constructed by trimming the
edge.
The Contractor shall construct durable longitudinal and transverse

joints. Any joint cracking occurring within the Warranty Period shall
be deemed to be a deficiency and all costs associated with remedial
work shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.”
.5 Subsection 310.07.11.02 of OPSS 310 is amended by the addition of the

following:
“The longitudinal joints in the surface course shall parallel the

demarcation between the driving lanes, wherever feasible, at an
offset of 100 mm to 150 mm from the centerline of the
demarcation.”
.6 Subsection 310.07.13 of OPSS 310 is deleted and replace with the

following:
“Each course after final compaction shall be smooth and true to the
established crown and grade and the surface of each course shall be
free from deviations exceeding 3 mm as measured in any direction
with a 3 m straight edge. Poor rideability (roughness) resulting from
pavement surface irregularity shall be cause for immediate work
stoppage and shall require Contractor assessment of the cause for
such deviation in profile and correction at the Contractor's expense.

Works Department
Page 9 of 11
Localized areas exhibiting surface variance exceeding the above

specified tolerance shall be removed and replaced with the same hot
mix asphalt to achieve a smooth longitudinal and lateral profile with
adjacent acceptable surfaces.
Where surface irregularities exceeding these limits are evident over

longer lengths the Contractor shall be required to cold plane and
replace the full width and length of unacceptable pavement.
Alternatively, subject to approval by the Contract Administrator, the
Contractor may overlay the unacceptable pavement (if applicable) for
a continuous length covering all irregularities to provide the required
profile.”

following:
“Each course after final compaction shall be of uniform texture and

shall be free of segregation (as defined in the current MTO Field
Guide for the Acceptance of Hot Mix and Bridge Deck
Waterproofing), fat spots, oil spills or any other defects. Subject to
approval by the Contract Administrator, areas of medium segregation
may be left in place for binder courses, but shall be considered
defective areas for surface courses. Areas of medium segregation in
a binder course which develop severe pavement ravelling and/or
pavement cracking prior to being overlaid by the surface course shall
be deemed defective. Areas of severe segregation shall be
considered defective areas for both binder and surface courses.
Defective areas shall be removed and replaced by the Contractor

with acceptable hot mix of the same type and compacted to the
When segregation is observed by the Contractor Administrator,

the Contractor shall be immediately notified verbally, followed-up
by written notification. The Contractor shall take immediate
corrective action. If the segregation continues, the Region may
then issue a Stop Work Order until the problem is corrected.”

Works Department
Page 10 of 11
.8 Subsections 310.08.06.01 and 310.08.06.02 are deleted and replaced

with the following:
“It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to provide daily

compaction tests for quality control purposes, using a nuclear
densometer, at a frequency of one test for each 50 m of lane or for
every 150 m² of area. Daily compaction results shall be provided
verbally to the on-site Inspector, followed by fax or email of a hard
copy report to the Contract Administrator within 24 hours.
Compaction testing of the placed HMA shall meet the requirements

of Table 9.
Percent compaction shall be determined by comparing the density

obtained using the nuclear densometer with the Maximum Relative
Density (MRD) of the respective plate sample.
The Contractor shall fax copies of daily compaction results to the

Region of Durham’s Materials Testing Lab at 905-655-4067
(Attention: Mr. Joeman Ng, P.Eng.). Daily compaction results shall
be immediately reported to the on-site Inspector.”
.9 Do not lay asphalt without approval of Contract Administrator.
3.07 CONCRETE PAVING
.1 Do concrete paving to OPSS 350.
.2 Place concrete pavement to lines and grades to match original but not
less than 150 mm in thickness.
.3 Match existing joint patterns.
3.08 GRAVEL SURFACES
.1 Restore gravel surfaces as shown on the Contract Drawings or specified

in the Special Provisions.
.2 Place granular materials in uniform layers not exceeding 150 mm.
.3 Grade each layer to smooth surface finish.
.4 Compact each layer to 100% Standard Proctor Density.

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Page 11 of 11
3.09 SURFACE TREATED AREAS
.1 Restore surface treated areas to conform to original condition or as

directed by Contract Administrator.
.2 Do surface treatment to OPSS 304.
3.09 PAVEMENT MARKING
.1 All pavement marking to be performed by Region of Durham forces unless

otherwise noted.
3.11 TESTING
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION TREES AND SHRUB RELOCATION
Page 1 of 7
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for relocating shrubs and trees that
are to be preserved.
.1 Canadian Standards for Nursery Stock, latest edition, published by the

Canadian Nursery Landscape Association.

1.03 QUALIFICATIONS OF CONTRACTOR
.1 All work required under this Section shall be performed by a qualified

landscape/horticultural contractor using workers experienced in this work.
Trees and shrubs shall be planted by a contractor who is a member of
Landscape Ontario Horticultural Trades Association.
1.04 INTERIM MAINTENANCE
.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for interim maintenance of relocated

plant material immediately following planting and shall continue until
preliminary acceptance has been granted, and such maintenance shall be
considered part of the installation work.
.2 The Contractor must immediately replace all dead or dying plants during the
guarantee period as required by Contract Administrator. Replacement of
plants only at the end of the guarantee period will not be acceptable.
.3 This interim maintenance in regard to new planting shall consist of:
a) Pruning, watering, fertilizing, cultivating, weeding, mulching,

tightening and repairing of supports, resetting plants to proper
grades or upright position, restoration of planting saucer and
furnishing and application of such sprays as are necessary to keep
plants free of insects;
b) Keeping soil within confines of planting saucer around trees, and

keeping planting beds shallowly cultivated and free of weeds,

Page 2 of 7
c) Adding commercial fertilizer 10-10-10 at the rate of 10 kg/100 m2

according to the manufacturer's instructions at the end of the interim
maintenance period.
1.05 ACCEPTANCE
.1 “Preliminary Acceptance” shall be given to all relocated plant material

showing healthy growth and bud formation at the time of completion
inspection. This acceptance shall include mulch, tree supports, wooden
stakes and the planting mixture.
.2 Final Acceptance shall be given to all plant material meeting all conditions
as specified above for Preliminary Acceptance, at one year after Preliminary
Acceptance has been granted.
1.06 MAINTENANCE AFTER COMPLETION
.1 Tree and Shrub Maintenance:
a) The Contractor shall provide maintenance following Preliminary

Acceptance and continue throughout the period of guarantee until
Final Acceptance as specified in 1.05.2 above. Maintenance
requirements shall include all procedures consistent with proper
horticultural practices to ensure normal, vigorous and healthy
growth. This includes adequate watering, pruning, cultivation and
weed control as required, disease and insect pest control, re-
staking and attention to supports.
b) The Contractor shall restore the site to original conditions from

damage arising out of the maintenance operations.
c) This work shall be performed to the satisfaction of the Contract

Administrator and compensation shall be deemed to be included in
the prices bid for various tender items.
.2 Weed and Grass Control:
a) All wood chip mulched areas shall be kept free of grass for the
duration of the guarantee period.

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Page 3 of 7
1.07 GUARANTEE
.1 The Contractor shall be required to guarantee all work and materials

specified for twelve (12) months from the date of written Preliminary
Acceptance of the work by the Contract Administrator or as specified
otherwise.
.2 An end of guarantee period inspection will be conducted by Contract

Administrator.
.3 Plants shall be in a healthy growing condition at the end of the guarantee

period. A plant shall be assumed to be acceptable when it is structurally
sound, when it is well furnished with living foliage, when it has normal
colour, when it shows adequate annual growth and formation of buds and
when it is free from blight of any description.
.4 Replacements required at the end of the guarantee period shall be plants of

the same species and size as shown in the plant list and on the Contract
Drawings, furnished and planted as specified in the Contract Documents.
The cost of replacement shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
.5 Tree supports shall be removed at the end of the guarantee period provided
that the plant material is showing well developed foliage, healthy growth,
good bud formation and well anchored in the planting soil. Tree wrap shall
be removed in the first spring after planting.
.6 The Contract Administrator reserves the right to extend Contractor's

guarantee responsibilities for an additional one year period if, at the end of
the initial guarantee period, leaf development and growth is not sufficient to
ensure future survival.
1.08 JOB CONDITIONS
.1 Work of this Section shall be performed during suitable weather conditions

and growth season for each specified material.

Works Department
Page 4 of 7
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 TOPSOIL
.1 Topsoil shall be fertile, friable natural loam containing not less than 4% of
organic matter for clay loams and not less then 2% for sandy loams with an
acidity value ranging from pH 6.5 to 7.5 and capable of sustaining vigorous
plant growth.
.2 Topsoil shall be free of roots, vegetation or other debris that prevents

proper placement, and free of stones and clods over 20 mm in any
dimension. Imported topsoil shall be screened prior to delivery to the job
site.
2.02 FERTILIZER
.1 Complete commercial slow release fertilizer with a maximum 35% water

soluble nitrogen with the following percentages by weight of nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium, in that order: 10-10-10, or as determined by
soil tests.
2.03 MULCH
.1 Shall be a utility hardwood mulch supplied by Gro-Bark, Waterloo, Ontario,

or approved equivalent.
2.04 TIES
.1 Use biodegradable material such as folded burlap, stapled to stake with

fence staples or roofing nails.
2.05 WOODEN STAKES
.1 For tree supports, use new wooden stakes 50 mm x 50 mm x 2400 mm

long. Steel t-bars will not be permitted.
.2 For securing straw bales, use any wooden stakes (recommended size 25
mm x 50 mm, minimum 1200 mm long).
2.06 PLANTING MIXTURE
.1 Planting mixture shall contain 6 parts topsoil, 2 parts well rotted cow or
horse manure.

Page 5 of 7
3.01 PROTECTION
.1 Examine route of work to determine location and size of existing trees and
shrubs to remain.
.2 Mark shrubs and trees to remain.
.3 Protect trees with slatting around trunks and erect snow fencing around
drip line.
.4 Store trees and shrubs, which cannot be planted immediately in a

satisfactory manner.
.5 Protect trees from damage and drying out from time of digging until
planting.
3.02 PREPARATION
.1 Location of Trees:
a) Stake out all tree and shrub locations and obtain the Contract
Administrator's approval before excavating. Cooperate with the
Contract Administrator where minor adjustments to such locations
are necessary. The proposed new location of trees and plants
shown on Contract Drawings is approximate only and may require
adjustment due to site conditions.
b) The Contractor shall be responsible for locating all underground

utilities and services prior to digging.
.2 Subgrade for Planting Beds and Tree Pits:
a) Scarify to a depth of 150 mm below bottom of planting pit/bed.
3.03 PLANTING TIME
.1 Provide the Contract Administrator with plant relocation schedule.
.2 Trees and shrubs shall be re-planted immediately after being excavated.
.3 Ensure that watering facilities are available.

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Page 6 of 7
.4 Plant only under conditions that are conducive to the health and best
physical condition of plant material.
3.04 INSTALLATION
.1 Plants and Trees:
a) Plant during suitable weather conditions, according to locally

accepted practice and with the Contract Administrator's approval.
Set plumb in the centre of the pit and at the same relation to grade
as originally shown, after settlement has taken place.
b) Plant trees and shrubs vertically and faced to give best appearance
in relation to structures, roads, and walks.
c) Excavate planting holes in planting areas. Ensure that hole is wider

and deeper than rootball, allowing at least 150 mm of planting
mixture under each plant. Set plants so that their roots lie in their
natural position. Constantly tamp planting mixture around rootball
to eliminate air pockets. When two thirds of depth of planting pit
has been backfilled, fill remaining space with water. After water
has penetrated into soil, backfill to finish grade leaving a shallow
saucer directly over the rootball, and slightly smaller in diameter
than the excavation. Apply fertilizer at a rate of 10 kg/100 m2.
Water trees and planting beds thoroughly immediately after
planting.
d) Ensure that the top of the rootball is 150 mm above surrounding

grade.
.2 Tree Support:
a) After planting, stake all trees with biodegradable ties and two
wooden stakes. Fasten ties with roofing nails or equivalent. Keep
ties taut at all times without subjecting tree to undue strain.
.3 Pruning:
a) Prune only as necessary to remove dead and broken branches and

to compensate for the loss of roots as a result of digging
operations. Preserve the natural form and character of plants and
do not remove small twigs along tree trunks.

Works Department
Page 7 of 7
b) Pruning shall be performed in accordance with good arboricultural

practices. Use only sharp, clean tools and make cuts flush without
leaving stubs. Trace back to living tissue all cuts, bruises, and
scars on the bark.
.4 Mulching:
a) Obtain the Contract Administrator’s approval of planting before

mulching material is applied. Loosen soil in planting beds and pits
and remove all debris and weeds. Spread mulch to minimum
acceptable thickness of 75 mm. Mulch material susceptible to
blowing must be moistened and mixed with small amount of topsoil
before applying. When mulch is applied in the fall, place
immediately after planting. When mulch is applied in spring, wait
until soil has warmed up.
END OF SECTION

Works Department
DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION TREES AND SHRUBS
Page 1 of 10
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
.1 This Section specifies requirements for planting of trees, shrubs and

ground covers.
.1 Canadian Standards for Nursery Stock, latest edition, published by the

Canadian Nursery Landscape Association.
1.03 QUALIFICATIONS OF CONTRACTOR
.1 All work required under this Section shall be performed by a qualified

landscape/horticultural contractor using workers experienced in this work.
Trees and shrubs shall be planted by a contractor who is a member of
Landscape Ontario Horticultural Trades Association.
1.04 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
.1 Plant Material:
a) Make arrangements for prior inspection and approval of plant stock

by the Contract Administrator at the source of supply, at a time
mutually agreed upon.
b) Prior approval shall not invalidate rejection of stock on site, should it

prove defective or damaged.
c) All plant material shall be grown in climate conditions similar to those

of the installation site.
1.05 MATERIAL DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
.1 Label manufactured, processed, or otherwise prepared materials which are

packaged, to indicate manufacturer, contents, weight, and a detailed
description of the material. If delivered in bulk, submit affidavits as specified
for labels, certifying that the materials meet specified requirements.
.2 Store and protect fertilizer, limestone, bonemeal, mulching material, and

similar products to prevent damage from moisture.
.3 Co-ordinate shipping of plants and the planting operations, to ensure

minimum time lapse between digging and planting.

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Page 2 of 10
.4 Protect plant material from abrasion, exposure, and extreme temperature

change during transit.
.5 Shrubs and trees which cannot be planted immediately after delivery shall
be heeled in, in a shaded area.
1.06 INTERIM MAINTENANCE
.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for interim maintenance of plant

material immediately following installation of work and shall continue until
preliminary acceptance has been granted, and such maintenance shall be
considered part of the installation work.
.2 The Contractor must immediately replace all dead or dying plants during the
guarantee period as required by Contract Administrator. Replacement of
plants only at the end of the guarantee period will not be acceptable.
.3 This interim maintenance in regard to new planting shall consist of:
a) Pruning, watering, fertilizing, cultivating, weeding, mulching,

tightening and repairing of guys, resetting plants to proper grades
or upright position, restoration of planting saucer, furnishing and
application of such sprays as are necessary to keep plants free of
insects and diseases, and such turf maintenance as required at the
direction of the Contract Administrator;
b) Keeping soil within confines of planting saucer around trees, and

keeping planting beds shallowly cultivated and free of weeds,
c) Keeping tree guards and guy wires in proper repair;
d) Adding commercial fertilizer 10-10-10 at the rate of 10 kg/100 m2

according to the manufacturer's instructions at the end of the interim
maintenance period.
1.07 ACCEPTANCE
.1 “Preliminary Acceptance” shall be given to all plant material showing well

developed foliage, healthy growth and bud formation at the time of
completion inspection. This acceptance shall include mulch, tree supports,
wooden stakes and the planting mixture.
.2 “Final Acceptance” shall be given to all plant material meeting conditions

specified for Preliminary Acceptance, at one year after Preliminary
Acceptance has been granted.

Works Department
Page 3 of 10
1.08 MAINTENANCE AFTER COMPLETION
.1 Tree and Shrub Maintenance:
a) The Contractor shall provide maintenance following Preliminary

Acceptance and continue throughout the period of guarantee until
Final Acceptance as specified in 1.07.2 above. Maintenance
requirements shall include all procedures consistent with proper
horticultural practices to ensure normal, vigorous and healthy
growth of all material planted under this contract. This includes
adequate watering, pruning, cultivation and weed control as
required, disease and insect pest control, re-staking and attention
to supports.
b) The Contractor shall restore the site to original conditions from

damage arising out of the maintenance operations.
c) This work shall be performed to the satisfaction of the Contract

Administrator and compensation shall be deemed to be included in
the prices bid for various tender items.
.2 Weed and Grass Control:
a) All wood chip mulched areas shall be kept free of grass for the
duration of the guarantee period.
1.09 GUARANTEE
.1 The Contractor shall be required to guarantee all work and materials

specified for twelve (12) months from the date of written Preliminary
Acceptance of the work by the Contract Administrator or as specified
otherwise.
.2 The Contract Administrator shall conduct an inspection of plant materials at

the end of the guarantee period.
.3 Plants shall be in a healthy growing condition at the end of the guarantee

period. Plants with dead or dying branches, which in the opinion of the
Contract Administrator are sufficient to detract from the character and form
of the plant, will not be accepted. A plant shall be assumed to be
acceptable when it is structurally sound, when it is well furnished with
living foliage, when it has normal colour, when it shows adequate annual
growth and formation of buds and when it is free from blight of any
description.

Works Department
Page 4 of 10
.4 Replacements required at the end of the guarantee period shall be plants of

the same species and size as shown in the plant list and on the Contract
Drawings, furnished and planted as specified in the Contract Documents.
The cost of replacement shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
.5 Tree supports shall be removed at the end of the guarantee period provided
that the plant material is showing well developed foliage, healthy growth,
good bud formation and well anchored in the planting soil. Tree wrap shall
be removed in the first spring after planting.
.6 The Contract Administrator reserves the right to extend Contractor's

guarantee responsibilities for an additional one year period if, at the end of
the initial guarantee period, leaf development and growth is not sufficient to
ensure future survival. Further, the Contractor shall be required to maintain
and guarantee any trees or shrubs replaced at the end of the initial
guarantee period, for a period of one year.
1.10 JOB CONDITIONS
.1 Work of this Section shall be performed during suitable weather conditions

and growth season for each specified material.
PART 2 – MATERIALS
2.01 GENERAL
.1 Materials shall be typical of their respective kinds within the standards

specified. Materials shall be of uniform quality, and be subject to
inspection, quality interpretation, and acceptance by the Contract
Administrator and the Region’s Landscape Architect.
2.02 TOPSOIL
.1 Topsoil shall be according to Section 02905.
.2 Imported topsoil shall be screened.
2.03 FERTILIZER
.1 Complete commercial slow release fertilizer with a maximum 35% water

soluble nitrogen with the following percentages by weight of nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium, in that order: 10-10-10, or as determined by
soil tests.

Page 5 of 10
2.04 MULCH
.1 Shall be a utility hardwood mulch supplied by Gro-Bark, Waterloo, Ontario,

or approved equivalent.
2.05 STRAW BALES
.1 Shall be standard size in good, sound condition.
.2 Temporarily secure in place with wooden stakes.
2.06 TIES
.1 Use biodegradable material such as folded burlap, stapled to stake with

fence staples or roofing nails.
2.07 WOODEN STAKES
.1 For tree supports, use new wooden stakes 50 mm x 50 mm x 2400 mm

long. Steel t-bars will not be permitted.
.2 For securing straw bales, use any wooden stakes (recommended size
25 mm x 50 mm, minimum 1200 mm long).
2.08 PLANTING MIXTURE
.1 Planting mixture shall contain 6 parts topsoil, 2 parts well rotted cow or
horse manure.
2.09 PLANT MATERIAL
.1 Quality and Source:
a) Comply with Canadian Nursery Stock Standards, latest edition,

published by the Canadian Nursery Landscape Association,
referring to size and development of plant material and rootball.
Measure plants when branches are in their natural position. Height
and spread dimensions refer to main body of plant and from branch
tip to branch tip. Measure caliper 150 mm above ground level.
Use trees and shrubs of No. 1 grade.
b) Label each plant to type, grade, and size.

Works Department
Page 6 of 10
c) Use trees and shrubs that are structurally sound, with strong fibrous
root system free of disease, insects, defects, or injuries. Use trees
with straight trunks except where specified otherwise, well and
characteristically branched for species. Plants must have been
transplanted or root pruned regularly, but not later than one growing
season prior to arrival on site.
.2 Container Stock:
a) Container grown stock is acceptable if containers were large

enough for root development. Trees and shrubs must have grown
in container for minimum of one growing season, but not longer
than two. Root system must be able to hold soil when removed
from container. Plants that have been rootbound are not
acceptable. Container stock must have been fertilized with slow
releasing fertilizer.
.3 Balled and Burlapped:
a) Coniferous and deciduous trees must be dug with large firm ball.
Base size of rootball for trees on caliper taken at 150 mm above
ground level. A tree with 75 mm requires rootball of 1 m diameter.
Increase diameter of rootball by 250 mm with each increase of 25
mm. Rootballs of proper size must include 75% of fibrous and
feeder root system. Secure rootballs with 5 oz Hessian burlap,
heavy twine, and rope. Frozen rootballs will be permitted, provided
they are sufficiently protected to prevent breakage. Protect
rootballs against sudden changes in temperature and exposure to
heavy rainfall.
.4 Bare Root:
a) Nursery grown, in dormant stage, not balled and burlapped or

container grown. Root system must be large enough to support
vigorous growth. The cutting of major roots and small poorly
developed root systems are not acceptable.
3.01 EXAMINATION
.1 Examine the site before commencement of work, and inform the Contract
Administrator if site conditions will not permit completion of work as
specified in this Section.

Works Department
Page 7 of 10
.2 Ensure that subgrade preparation and drainage are satisfactory for

continuing maintenance and growth of materials specified in this Section.
3.02 WORKMANSHIP
.1 Co-ordinate operations. Keep site clean and planting holes drained.

Immediately remove soil or debris spilled onto pavement.
3.03 PREPARATION
.1 Subgrade for Planting Beds and Tree Pits:
a) Scarify to a depth of 150 mm below rootball. Loosen subgrade 500 mm

around each rootball planting pit.
.2 Location of Trees:
a) Stake out all tree locations and planting beds, and obtain the
Contract Administrator's approval before excavating. Cooperate
with the Contract Administrator where minor adjustments to such
locations are necessary. The proposed location of trees and plants
on drawings is approximate only and may require adjustment due
to site conditions.
b) The Contractor shall be responsible for locating all underground

utilities and services prior to digging.
3.04 PLANTING TIME
.1 Provide the Contract Administrator with planting schedule. Extending

planting operations over a long period, using a limited crew, will not be
acceptable.
.2 Balled and burlapped material shall not be stored on the site in excess of
forty-eight hours (48 hrs.) without permission from the Contract
Administrator. If storage is necessary, the plant material shall be
protected with soil or a similar material to prevent drying out and shall be
kept moist until it is planted.
.3 Ensure that watering facilities are available.
.4 Plant only under conditions that are conducive to the health and best
physical condition of plant material.

Works Department
Page 8 of 10
3.05 INSTALLATION
.1 Plants and Trees:

a) Plant during suitable weather conditions, according to locally
accepted practice and with the Contract Administrator's approval.
Set plumb in the centre of the pit and at the same relation to grade
as originally shown, after settlement has taken place.
b) Plant trees and shrubs vertically and faced to give best appearance
in relation to structures, roads, and walks.
c) Excavate planting holes in planting areas. Ensure that hole is wider

and deeper than pot or rootball, allowing at least 150 mm of
planting mixture under each plant. Remove all ropes, wires, etc.
and cutaway and remove top one third of burlap and wire basket
without damaging rootball. Set bare root plants so that their roots
lie in their natural position. Constantly tamp planting mixture
around rootball to eliminate air pockets. When two thirds of depth
of planting pit has been backfilled, fill remaining space with water.
After water has penetrated into soil, backfill to finish grade leaving a
shallow saucer directly over the rootball, and slightly smaller in
diameter than the excavation. Apply fertilizer at a rate of 10 kg/100
m2. Water trees and planting beds thoroughly immediately after
planting.
d) Ensure that the top of the rootball is 150 mm above surrounding

grade.
.2 Tree Wrapping:
a) Promptly after planting, wrap all tree trunks with burlap, applied
spirally with overlap and extending from ground level to just above
second branches. Tie wrapping with approved cord or twine to
keep wrapping neat and snugly in place.
b) Before applying wrapping, spray trunks with approved wettable

powder of a long residual insecticide for borer protection.
.3 Tree Support:
a) After planting and wrapping, stake all trees in planting beds with
sodded areas with biodegradable ties and two wooden stakes.
Fasten ties with roofing nails or equivalent. Keep ties taut at all
times without subjecting tree to undue strain.

Works Department
Page 9 of 10
.4 Pruning:
a) Prune only as necessary to remove dead and broken branches and

to compensate for the loss of roots as a result of digging operations
in the nursery. Preserve the natural form and character of plants
and do not remove small twigs along tree trunks.
b) Pruning shall be performed in accordance with good arboricultural

practices. Use only sharp, clean tools and make cuts flush without
leaving stubs. Trace back to living tissue all cuts, bruises, and
scars on the bark.
.5 Mulching:
a) Obtain the Contract Administrator’s approval of planting before

mulching material is applied. Loosen soil in planting beds and pits
and remove all debris and weeds. Spread mulch to minimum
acceptable thickness of 75 mm. Mulch material susceptible to
blowing must be moistened and mixed with small amount of topsoil
before applying. When mulch is applied in the fall, place
immediately after planting. When mulch is applied in spring, wait
until soil has warmed up.
3.06 ADJUSTMENTS AND REPLACEMENTS
.1 At the time of arrival on site, preliminary acceptance at project completion,

and again at termination of the guarantee period, materials and work of this
Section will be inspected by the Contract Administrator, and adjustments
and replacements shall be made under work of this Section in accordance
with the following.
.2 Plant materials rejected upon arrival at the site shall be removed from the
site within twenty-four hours (24 hrs.) of notification of same.
.3 Commencement of the guarantee period is predicated on acceptance of

work of this Section with only minor deficiencies.
.4 Adjustment and replacement work shall be performed as specified in this

Section with materials of same size, variety, and quality of material
replaced, unless authorized by the Contract Administrator.
.5 Replacement work shall be done under a guarantee of the same length and
conditions as described in this specification. Guarantee period for
replacement work shall date from the time of the Contract Administrator's
approval of replacement work.

Works Department
Page 10 of 10
.6 Replace plant stock that is dead or not in a flourishing and satisfactory

growing state, or does not meet specification requirements. Remove dead
stock immediately. Replace stock at proper time during the next planting
season.
.7 After settlement has occurred at planting pits, fill in to specified grade with
planting soil.
END OF SECTION

Works Department

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THE REGIONAL

The Regional Municipality of Durham

APPROVED MANUFACTURERS’ PRODUCT LIST

CAD DRAWING STANDARDS

The Regional Municipality of Durham April 2013

ITEM NO. OF UNIT AMOUNT

REVISION PACKAGE – HARD COPY $23.00/COPY

REVISION PACKAGE – ELECTRONIC COPY $15.00/COPY

TO : The Regional Municipality of Durham

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR

2. ENGINEERING SUBMISSIONS - SUBDIVISION DEVELOPMENT ..................................................... 1

3. ENGINEERING SUBMISSIONS – SITE PLAN DEVELOPMENT......................................................... 5

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR REGIONAL CONTRACTS .............................................................................. 7

5. ENGINEERING SUBMISSIONS – REGIONAL CONTRACTS ............................................................. 8

6. EASEMENT REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................... 14

7. SEPARATION / LOCATION FOR WATERMAINS, SANITARY AND STORM SEWERS AND

8. PREPARATION OF SUBDIVISION & SERVICING AGREEMENT .................................................... 17

9. MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT (MOE) APPROVAL .......................................................................... 17

The Regional Municipality of Durham April 2017

There are two distinct types of engineering submissions: development-related

2. ENGINEERING SUBMISSIONS - SUBDIVISION DEVELOPMENT

Functional Servicing Report

• Storm Sewers Contributing to a Region of Durham Storm Sewer

The Regional Municipality of Durham April 2017

• Sanitary Sewer System

• Region of Durham Road System

Engineering Drawings Review

Drawing size shall be A1 (594 mm X 841 mm).

Metric scale for general plans shall be a minimum of 1:1000.

Horizontal Control Datum shown on plans shall be based on the Universal

The Regional Municipality of Durham April 2017

All sewers, watermains, maintenance holes, hydrants, water valves, pipe

Drawings of plan, profile and cross-sections are required if the proposed

Information Required for Approval of Engineering Drawings

1. Six sets of engineering drawings, (four if no Regional road works are

• General plan of services showing all services to be constructed.

• General plan showing sanitary sewer drainage areas.

• General plan showing storm sewer drainage areas.

• Lot grading plans.

• Plan and profile of all streets, easements and watercourses - shop

The Regional Municipality of Durham April 2017

4. Three prints of the proposed final plan for registration (40M-plan).

7. A geotechnical report for the subdivision is required at the first submission.

8. A traffic consultant report if deemed necessary by the Region of Durham.

9. Calculations for pipe strength and bedding requirements. The suitability of

10. Landscaping plans if development abuts a Regional road.

The Regional Municipality of Durham April 2017

Authorized as a Future Alteration shall be completed by the developer or his

Prior to the preparation of the subdivision agreement to allow construction of

3. ENGINEERING SUBMISSIONS – SITE PLAN DEVELOPMENT

Basic Requirements for Site Servicing Plans

The Regional Municipality of Durham April 2017

chooses to proceed through the quotation process the developer must

• If the estimated cost of Regional Services is greater than $125,000 the

• See Appendices for sample Site Servicing Plan.

• Geodetic datum (benchmarks), north arrow and key plan.

• Drawing size shall be A1 (594 mm x 841 mm)

• On site and surrounding land uses (water course, culverts, railways,

• Location, type and size of all existing municipal services.

The Regional Municipality of Durham April 2017

• Invert elevations, rim elevations and lowest floor elevation.

• Meter room location.

• Flange elevations shall be specified on the contract drawings.

• Location of existing and proposed entrances. Location, length and size of