UNIT ONE BOOK ADVERTISEMENTS

1
New Books from Oxford Sri Lanka
Ethnic fratricide and the
Britain's Shadow Economy Dismantling of Democracy
Stephen Smith S.J. TAMBIAH
A native Sri Lankan of Tamil origins, the
The shadow economy embraces not only the black distinguished social anthropologist S.J.Tambiah
economy of moonlighting, tax dodging, and analyzes the causes of the conflict between
scrounging, but also the wide range of ordinary, majority Sinhalese Buddhists and minority Tamils
tough productive, household activities such as that has wrecked the island of Sri Lanka for
washing-up, baby-sitting, and DIY improvements. almost forty years. In his view, recent social
This book takes a critical look at the whole of the stresses rather than ancient religious and racial
shadow economy and makes new estimates of the differences re the source of the trouble.
scale and pattern of concealed incomes.
"An excellent and thought-provoking book." –
O 19 828569 8, Clarendon Press, Oxford £ Paul Sieghart, Los Angeles Times Book Review.
19.50
The Decline of the British "concise, informative, lucidly written… a powerful
case for the importance of pluralism."
Economy – Merle Rubin, Christian Science Monitor
An Institutional Perspective $17.95 cloth
2 Edited by Bernard Elbaum and William Lazonick
'A distinguished contribution… The essays that it
contains are coherent and thought-provo-king… this is
a fascinating new approach to the analysis and
understanding of the decline of the British economy. It
should be read.'
Pete L/Payne, The Times Higher Education
Supplement

0 19 828494 2, Clarendon Press £ 19.50

Arab
Politics
The Search for Legitimacy
Michael C. Hudson

The first systematic comparative analysis of political behavior throughout the entire Arab
world, from Morocco to Kuwait. In an attempt to explain why the Arab world remains in
ferment, Hudson discusses such crucial factors as Arab and Islamic identity, ethnic and
religious minorities, the crisis of authority, the effects of Western imperialism, and
modernization.

"Hudson has succeeded brilliantly in surveying and analyzing the entire range of
contemporary Arab politics. …[He] focuses his vast knowledge on theory and historical
data with valid and illuminating generalizations, perhaps the most basic one being that most
if not all Arab countries lack an effective structure for full political participation."
–Library Journal $22.50

Yale
Yale University Press
New Haven and London

12
 FAMILY COMMUNICATION
NEW BOOKS FROM
5 6
TELEVISION AND THE
AMERICAN FAMILY
Second Edition
Edited by
Jennings Bryant
The University of Alabama
J. Alison Bryant
University of Southern California
A Volume in LEA's Communication Series
This second edition of a trend-setting volume provides an
updated examination of the interaction between families
and the most pervasive mass medium: television. Charting
dynamic developments of the American family and
television over the past decade, this volume:
 Provides a comprehensive representation of
programmatic research into family and television,
 Examines extensively the uses families make of
television, how extensions of television affect usage,
families' evolving attitudes toward television, the
ways families have been and are portrayed on
television, the effects television has on families, and
the ways in which families can mediate its impact on
their lives.
The volume charts the dramatic changes in both families
and television during the past decade and examines mutual
effects of these changes. It is an invaluable resource for
scholars and students in the areas of media and society,
children and media, and family studies.
[cloth]/ approx. 472 pp. / $ 99.95
[paperback] / approx. 472 pp. / $49.95
Lea Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
10, Industrial Avenue, Mahwah, NJ
7 parent-child communication is used to manage the
University Paperback
Policing Industrial Disputes
1893 to 1985
ROGER GEARY
The recent increase of violent confrontation in industrial
disputes has led to renewed interest in the nature of industrial
violence and the police tactics employed to counteract it.
Roger Geary's study provides a fascinating and historically
detailed account of the changing nature of industrial
violence.
192 pages Paperback 0 416 90200 6 £5.95
TAVISTOCK
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Lea
COMMUNICATION, RACE, AND
FAMILY
Exploring Communication
In Black, White, and Biracial Families
Edited by
Thomas J. Socha
Old Dominion University
Rhunette C. Diggs
University of Louisville
A Volume in LEA Communication Series
This ground-breaking volume explores how family
communication influences the perennial and controversial
topic of race. In assembling this collection, editors Thomas
J. Socha and Rhunette C. Diggs argue that the hope for
managing America's troubles with "race" lies not only with
communicating about race at public meetings, in school,
and in the media, but also – and more fundamentally – with
families communicating constructively about race at home.
African-American and European American family
communication researchers come together in this volume
to investigate such topics as how Black families
communicate to manage the issue of racism; how Black
derogation of Black children; the role of television in
family communication about race; the similarities and
differences between and among communication in Black,
White, and biracial couples and families; and how family
communication education can contribute to a brighter
future for all. With the aim of developing a clearer
understanding of the role that family communication plays
in society's move forward a multicultural world, this
volume provides a crucial examination of how families
struggle with issues of ethnic cultural diversity.
[cloth]/ approx. 256 pp. / $ 55.95
[paperback] / approx. 252 pp. / $27.95
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
10, Industrial Avenue, Mahwah, NJ
Lea
13
 ► Look at the texts and answer the following questions:
APPROACHING 1. What typographical features of the text characterize the genre
book advertisement?
THE TEXT ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. What are the five publishers represented?
________________________________________________________
____________________________
3. Which books are published in Britain and which in America?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. Which books are published in paperback?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
5. Which books are published in hardback (cloth) editions?
________________________________________________________
____________________________

The first operation we normally perform on texts when we read in our

first language is to read them rapidly and superficially to get a general
idea of their contents and/ or to find specific information. You have
just done the latter in order to answer the questions above. You will be
given guided practice in performing these operations when you read in
English.

Skimming and scanning

WORKSHEET 1 ► Scan the seven book advertisements and
complete the chart below with the following
information where possible: author(s) or editor(s),
title, sub-title, and subject area (e.g. history,
sociology, etc)

Author(s) or Editor(s) Title of Book Sub-title Subject Area

Britain' Shadow Economy
An Institutional
Perspective
Anthropology
Michael C.Hudson
Television and the
American Family

Roger Geary
Exploring Communication

14
 One useful way of approaching a written text is through an examination of its
INTENSIVE structure or organization, especially when the reader will subsequently need to take
notes on what he has read. Discerning the structure or organization of a text involves
READING understanding not only the writer's words, but the function of those words in context:
to understand, that is, not only what the writer is saying, but what he is doing, e.g.
marking an example or comparison, formulating a definition or hypothesis, etc. (see
the OBSERVATIONS at the end of this unit.)

WORKSHEET 2 Text structure/ language functions

► Below, beside the advertisement for Arab Politics, there is a "flow chart", or
schematic summary, of the structure of the text. Read the text and divide it using a
stroke (/) to indicate the position of the function.
► Now underline all the adjectives in the text. Which are descriptive and which are
evaluative?

Arab Politics
The Search for Legitimacy
Michael C.Hudson

The first systematic comparative analysis of

political behavior throughout the entire Arab world,
from Morocco to Kuwait. In an attempt to explain
General description
why the Arab world remains in ferment, Hudson
discusses such crucial factors as Arab and Islamic
identity, ethnic and religious minorities, the crisis of
Writer's purpose authority, the effects of Western imperialism, and
modernization.

Evaluation "Hudson has succeeded brilliantly in

surveying and analyzing the entire range of
contemporary Arab politics. …[He] focuses
Exemplification his vast knowledge on theory and historical
data with valid and illuminating
generalizations, perhaps the most basic one
being that most if not all Arab countries lack
an effective structure for full political
participation."
–Library Journal $22.50

Notice that the language of description and evaluation in the book

advertisement for Arab Politics is rather well balanced. Often,
however, book advertisements tend to be either predominantly
evaluative or predominantly descriptive, as in the remaining
documents. (See Worksheet 3 below.)

15
 Distinguishing the functions of description and evaluation
WORKSHEET 3 ► Read the remaining book advertisements carefully and indicate on the
table below whether they are predominantly descriptive of the contents of
the book or predominantly evaluative of the book itself. One
advertisement may be considered balanced.

Predominantly descriptive Predominantly evaluative

Britain's Shadow Economy
Decline of British Economy
Sri Lanka
Television and the American
Family
Communication, Race and Family
Policing Industrial Disputes

Notice that different terms may be used to replace the word book (e.g. contribution
in The Decline of the British Economy). This not only avoids repetition, but also
permits aspects of meaning to be refined and elaborated.

► Find in the text as many terms as you can which are used to substitute or
elaborate on the word book.

Familiarity with suffixes as "markers" of a particular word class can be

LANGUAGE extremely useful when an unknown word is encountered. If unknown
lexical items can be identified as adjectives, adverbs, nouns etc,. the
WORK possibility of inferring meaning from context is substantially increased.
(See the Word Building exercises at the end of each Unit.) In the exercise
below practice is given in the recognition of adjectives and adjectival
suffixes.

WORKSHEET 4 Discrimination of adjectives and adjectival suffixes

► Re-read the book advertisements and indicate on the table all adjectives
which appear in the book titles and the texts proper (excluding quantifiers,
e.g. some, many, etc). Then write the adjectival suffix, if any, in the column
provided, checking with your dictionary if necessary.

adjectives suffixes
Britain's Shadow Economy

The Decline of the British

Economy
Sri Lanka

Television and the American

Family
Community, Race, and Family
Policing Industrial Disputes

16
 Notice, in addition to the more common adjective+noun combination, the
following ways of qualifying nouns:
– noun+noun ('shadow economy', 'police tactics') where the noun
functions as adjective
– noun+past participle ('pages devoted to literature', 'tactics employed'),
where we may consider as deleted a relative pronoun + verb to be
('tactics which are employed')
– noun+ present participle ("ground-breaking volume", trend-setting
volume

Lexical inference
WORKSHEET 5 a In the following exercise you are given practice in identifying
a variety of word classes, and in inferring meaning from the
context. Be sure to read the section on lexical inference in the
notes on reading, Section 4.1. before completing the exercise.
► Read the first book advertisement, Cognition,
Communication, and Romantic Relationships, and underline
the words you do not know. Most of these will be listed in the
chart below. First identify word class (noun, verb, adjective,
adverb) and then infer a possible meaning by examining the
immediate and general context carefully. Next, study the
jumbled definitions and choose the one which fits best. An
example has been given.

COGNITION,
COMMUNICATION, AND
ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS
James M. Honeycutt Word class Definitions
Louisiana State University
James G. Cantrill 1 review _
Northern Michigan University
A Volume in LEA's Series on Personal Relationships 2 relationship _
Cognition, Communication, and Romantic 3 designed _
relationships focuses on the role of memory,
communication, and social cognition in the 4 supporting _
development of romantic relationships. The
authors review developmental models of 5 analysis
communication and examine criticisms of these
models. They also explore the stages through 6 focuses
which relationships escalate and deteriorate, and
consider the processes for such activities as 7 developmental
meeting new people, dating, sexual intercourse,
and terminating relationships. Differences
between men and women are discussed through
the text, in light of current research supporting
systematic gender differences in how people think
about romance and relationships.
a. to present a review of in speech or writing; to examine
As an extended analysis and research review of b. method of studying the nature of something or of
how thinking about romance influences and is determining its essential features and their relations
influences by communicative processes, this text c. intended, destined
offers a deeper understanding of the cognitive and d. centers, directs, aims
e. an emotional or other connection between people
communicative factors in relationship processes. It
f. maintaining; advocating
is designed for use in courses on interpersonal g. that pertains to development
relationships and intimate relations in social
psychology, communication, counseling
psychology, clinical psychology, and sociology.

17
 ► Now re-read the book advertisement Television and the American
WORKSHEET 5 b Family. Follow the same strategy used above in order to infer the meaning
of the words in the chart below, but this time write your guess in the
appropriate column, then check with your dictionary, being careful to copy
the correct definition for the function and meaning of the word as used in
this text.

► Complete the chart by following the same procedure for three other
words you did not know in these book advertisements.

TELEVISION AND THE

AMERICAN FAMILY
Second Edition
Edited by
Jennings Bryant
The University of Alabama
J. Alison Bryant
University of Southern California
A Volume in LEA's Communication Series

This second edition of a trend-setting volume provides an

updated examination of the interaction between families and
Word Word Your guess Dictionary
the most pervasive mass medium: television. Charting
dynamic developments of the American family and television class definition
over the past decade, this volume:
 Provides a comprehensive representation of
programmatic research into family and television, 1 trend-setting
 Examines extensively the uses families make of
television, how extensions of television affect usage, 2 pervasive
families' evolving attitudes toward television, the ways
families have been and are portrayed on television, the 3 charting
effects television has on families, and the ways in
which families can mediate its impact on their lives.
4 provides
5 compre-
The volume charts the dramatic changes in both families and
television during the past decade and examines mutual hensive
effects of these changes. It is an invaluable resource for
scholars and students in the areas of media and society, 6 interaction
children and media, and family studies.
[cloth]/ approx. 472 pp. / $ 99.95 7
[paperback] / approx. 472 pp. / $49.95
8
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. 9
10, Industrial Avenue, Mahwah, NJ

18
 Practising the use of lexis common to expository/ evaluative prose.
WORKSHEET

► Decide the word class of the missing words in the text below, then complete the
hypothetical book advertisement by inserting an appropriate noun, verb or
adjective from those listed. Consider carefully the meaning of each of the options
with reference to the context: not all the alternatives are interchangeable. Take
care to use the correct form of the verb.

Nouns Verbs Adjectives

Synthesis Explain Profound
Survey Survey Logical
Topic Discuss Brilliant
Study Study Important
History Present Comprehensive
Concept Describe Invaluable
Area Bring into focus Powerful
Aspect Consider Sensitive
Theme Explore Discussed
Overview Illuminate Rigorous
Discussion Introduce Incisive
Analysis Analyze Considered
system constitute systematic

ThInt

Interpretation of Dreams is the first ____________________________ of dream

psychology. In an attempt to ________________ why dreams are ___________ to the
well-being of the mental processes, Sigmund Freud ___________
A wide variety of common dreams. Among the topics ____________ are the processes
of dislocation and transference that occur in dreams. _____________ and
___________, the author succeeds in _____________ some of the darker workings of
the mind. This ______________ work is the most __________________ of the
psychology of the unconscious available. Published in paperback, The Interpretation
of Dreams is ____________ for all those who are seriously interested in dream
psychology.

19
 ► Find these words in the texts*, decide the
VOCABULARY WORK AND WORD word class, and write it and the translation of the
word in the space provided.
BUILDING
► Then complete the table by forming other
words using appropriate suffixes if necessary.
Consult your dictionary.

VOCABULARY WORK WORD BUILDING

Word and Clas Translation Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
Location s
Pervasive (5)
Interaction (5)
Comprehensive
(5)
Extensively (5)
Evolving (5)
Communication
(6)
Influences (6)
Argue (6)
Difference (6)
Developing (6)
Controversial
(7)
Race (7)
Constructively
(7)
Manage (7)
Assembling (7)

* The book advertisements have been numbered as follows: 5 – Television and the American Family; 6 –
Communication, Tace and Family; 7 – Communiation, and Romantic Relationships

20
 OBSERVATIONS ON TEXT
TYPE BOOK ADVERTISEMENTS

Function:
This will vary according to the length and nature of the advertisement,
Structure: but will usually include one or more of the following:
a. general description – of the subject of the book
b. author's purpose – a brief consideration of what the author
attempts to explain or demonstrate in the book
c. detailed description – of the contents of the book. This is often a
list of the various topics discussed
d. evaluation – positive evaluation as regards the worth and
importance of the book
e. quotations from reviewers – containing positive evaluations from
other sources (usually from well-known writers in the field or
academic journals)

In texts of this kind, it is common to find evaluative language. This is

Aspects of language:
particularly apparent in the author's choice of adjectives and adverbs.
It is important to keep in mind that although adjectives can be broadly
categorized into the functions of evaluation (e.g. brilliant, important,
and so on) and description (Arab, historical), there are many cases in
which these two functions overlap, particularly considering the
function of the book advertisement.

Choosing Internet Resources

Quick Reference
Title of resource:
URL http://www.vts.rdn.ac.uk/tutorial/sociologist
Skimming the Resource
1. Look for bold or colored words. What do they tell you about this resource? Jot down a few key words that tell
you what this resource is going to be about.
2. Read the title(s). What added information have you gained?
3. Read the first and last lines in each paragraph.

Analyze
1. Do you think this resource will be helpful to you? Why or why not?
2. What do you like about this resource? (Amount of information? Organization? Graphics?)
3. How will this information help you in your research?

HOME ASSIGNMENT – Personal File11

1. Summarizing Internet Resources

Quick Reference
Title of resource:
URL:

Summarize
 What are the main points in this resource?
 What facts can you use for your research?

1
This ist o be presented in a separate folder as a condition for the admission in the exam.

21
  Quotes:
 Statistics:

2. Using Internet Resources

Access www.Amazon.com (the largest online bookstore) and put in your Personal File 3 samples of
book advertisements for sociology textbooks.

REVISION AND EXTENSION

1. Grammar practice: Comparatives and Superlatives of the Adjective
► Fill in the missing words in the table. Then complete the
sentences below with an appropriate form of the words in
brackets.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Better
Easy
Much/many
Most interesting
Fastest
Bad
Larger
thin
Harder
More expensive
Unusual
pretty

1. Learning to speak a language is often much ____________ (easy) than learning to write it.
2. This hotel must be ________ (expensive) than the small one next door.
3. An orange is ___________ (large) than a plum.
4. He is certainly the ______ (unusual) person I have ever met.
5. Bringing up children is one of the _________ (hard) jobs in the world.
6. His latest film was ______ interesting) than his previous ones.
7. What is the __________ (difficult) thing you have ever done?
8. When I saw her, she looked much ________ (thin) than I remembered her.
9. Losing your credit card is ______ (bad) than losing your money.
10. This is the _______ (fast) car we produce.

► As or than? Put as or than into each gap.

a. Are you as tall ____ your brother?

b. She's not as clever ____ her sister.
c. Was Joan's party better _____ Maria's?
d. I'm studying the same subject ____ Emma.
e. Liz works much harder ____ John.
f. I haven't got as many cousins ____ you.

► As… as/ not as… as.

Rewrite the following sentences with as…as or not as… as.
Ex. Bob's taller than Jack. / Jack's not as tall as Bob.

a. Jill's more intelligent than Bill. Bill's not

__________________
b. The sun's much hotter than the moon. The moon isn't
________________

22
 c. Are you and your husband the same age? Are you
___________ your husband?
d. You can read more quickly than I can. I can't
______________________
e. Harry won more money than Bill. Bill didn't
win _____________
f. Eva's work is better than mine. My work isn't
________________

2. Related Word Groups

Types of Book ► Put each of the following words in its correct place below

volume publication whodunit hardback

best-seller thriller copy edition
manuscript proofs paperback

1. You can see the original _____ of Hamlet in Shakespeare's own writing.
2. Before a book is sent to be printed, the author must check the _________ .
3. Where is _____ three of this set of encyclopaedias?
4. The new government report on agricultural statistics is a very interesting _______.
5. Have you got a ______ of Graham Greene's Brighton Rock?
6. This book costs $12, but that's the ______ price. The ______ costs only $5.50.
7. His first three novels didn't sell very well, but hos fourth was a _____ and made a
fortune.
8. The book has already been selling well for five years. Now the publishers are going to
bring out a new _____ with illustrations.
9. She likes to relax by reading a _____ about spies or crime.
10. I'm reading a ______ . It's fun trying to guess who the murderer is.

Ways of reading
► Put each of the following words or phrases into its correct place in the sentences below.

Skip look up browse refer to flip through

Skim dip into peruse wade through read from cover to
cover

1. I spend a lot of time in bookshops. I don't often buy books. I just __________ .
2. If I come to a boring bit in a book, I just ______ a few pages till the real story starts again.
3. I'll _______ his number in the phonebook.
4. I didn't know the word. I had to _______ a dictionary.
5. Of course an encyclopaedia is not a book you ________ . You just ______ it for things
that interest you.
6. I never liked history at school. I found it very hard to _______ all that boring stuff about
wars and revolutions.
7. We have requested our lawyers to _____ the document with the greatest care to decide
whether it's legal or not.
8. Some people have the ability to ________ a page, which means to read it very quickly,
just taking in the main points.
9. I sometimes ______ a magazine in a newsagent's but I don't usually buy one.

23