You are on page 1of 25

Student Name:

_______________________________

FRENSHAM
2014
YEAR 12
TRIAL HSC EXAMINAT ION

Mathematics Extension 1

General Instructions Total marks - 70


 Reading time - 5 minutes
Section I
 Working time - 2 hours
10 marks
 Write using black or blue pen  Attempt Questions 1-10
 Board-approved calculators may be used
 Allow about 15 minutes for this
 A table of standard integrals is provided at section
the back of this paper
 Show all necessary working in Questions Section II
11-14 60 marks
 Attempt Questions 11-14
 Allow about 1 hour 45 minutes for this
section
Frensham 2014 Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1

Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 - 10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1-10

1 x
1 What is the domain and range of y  cos 1 ( ) ?
2 2

(A) Domain:  2  x  2 Range: 0  y  

(B) Domain:  1  x  1 Range: 0  y  


(C) Domain:  2  x  2 Range: 0  y 
2

(D) Domain:  1  x  1 Range: 0  y 
2

2 When a polynomial P( x)  x3  ax  1 is divided by ( x  2) the remainder is 5. What is


the value of a?
(A) 6
(B) 3.5
(C) 2
(D) 3

x
3 Which of the following is an expression for  (2  x 2 3
)
dx ?

Use the substitution u  2  x2 .


1
(A) C
2 (2  x 2 ) 2
1
(B) C
4 (2  x 2 ) 2
1
(C) C
4(2  x 2 )4
1
(D) C
8(2  x 2 )4

2
Frensham 2014 Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1

1 1
4 What is the exact value of the definite integral  0 x 1
2
dx ?


(A)
4

(B)
3

(C)
2
(D) 

5 How many arrangements of all of the letters of the word PROBABILITY are possible?
(A) 362 880
(B) 9 979 200
(C) 19 958 400
(D) 39 916 800

6 Find the acute angle between the lines y  2 x and x  y  5  0 . Answer correct to the
nearest degree.
(A) 18˚
(B) 32˚
(C) 45˚
(D) 72˚

7 Find the value of x :

(A) 30 °

(B) 45 °

(C) 60 °

(D) 90o

3
Frensham 2014 Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1

8 What are the coordinates of the point that divides the interval joining the points A(1, 2)
and B(3,5) externally in the ratio 3:1?
(A) (2.5, 4.25)
(B) (2.5,6.5)
(C) (5, 4.25)
(D) (5, 6.5)

2x  5
9 What is the solution to the inequality  x?
x4
(A) x  1 and 4  x  5
(B) x  1 and 4  x  5
(C) x  1 and 4  x  5
(D) x  1 and 4  x  5

10 The velocity of a particle moving in a straight line is given by v  2 x  5 , where x metres


is the distance from fixed point O and v is the velocity in metres per second. What is the
acceleration of the particle when it is 1 metre to the right of O?
(A) a  7 ms 2
(B) a  12 ms 2
(C) a  14 ms 2
(D) a  24 ms 2

4
Frensham 2014 Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1

Section II

60 marks
Attempt Questions 11 ‒ 14
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Answer each question in the appropriate writing booklet.

All necessary working should be shown in every question.

Question 11 (15 marks) Marks

(a) What are the roots of the equation 4 x3  4 x 2  29 x  15  0 given that one
3
root is the difference between the other two roots?

(b) A circle, centre O, passes through the points A, C, D and E. 2


Another circle, centre P, passes through the points A and O.
CE is a tangent to the circle centre P, with point of contact at O.
AB is a tangent to both circles with point of contact at A.

Show that
.

(c) Prove the following identity 2


sin  sin 
  tan 2
sin   cos  cos   sin 

(d) A class consists of 10 boys and 12 girls. How many ways are there of
2
selecting a committee of 3 boys and 2 girls from this class?

5
Frensham 2014 Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1

(e) Point A is due south of a hill and the angle of elevation from A to the top of
the hill is 35º. Another point B is a bearing 200º from the hill and the angle
of elevation from B to the top of the hill is 46º. The distance AB is 220 m.
H

W
N
h

B O

E
A
S

(i) Express OA and OB in terms of h. 2


(ii) Calculate the height h of the hill correct to three significant figures. 2

(f) Factorise x 3  3 x 2  9 x  5 2

6
Frensham 2014 Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1

Question 12 (15 marks) Marks

(a) The tangent at the point P(2ap, ap 2 ) on the parabola x 2  4ay cuts the x-axis
at A and the y-axis at B.
(i) Find the coordinates of M, the midpoint of A and B in terms of P. 2
(ii) Show that the locus of M is a parabola. 1
(iii) Find the coordinates of the focus of this parabola and the equation of 1
the directrix.

(b) Use the principle of mathematical induction to prove that for all positive 3
integers n:
1  2  4  ...  2n 1  2n  1

 2  3 
(c) Find the exact value of sin  cos 1  tan 1     2
 3  4 

(d) Find all the angles  with 0    2 for which sin   cos   1 . 3

(e) The function f ( x) is given by f ( x)  sin 1 x  cos 1 x , 0  x  1 .


(i) Find f '( x) . 1
(ii) Sketch the graph of y  f ( x) . 2

7
Frensham 2014 Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1

Question 13 (15 marks) Marks

(a) (i) Show that the function f ( x)  xe x  1 has a zero between x  0 and
1
x 1.

(ii) Using x  0.5 as the first approximation, use Newton’s Method to


2
obtain a second approximation. Answer correct to 2 decimal places.

(b) A golfer hits a golf ball to clear a 6 metres high tree. The tree is 20 metres
away on level ground. The golfer uses a golf club that produces an angle of
elevation of 40˚. Take g  10 ms 1 .
(i) Derive the expressions for the vertical and horizontal components of
3
the displacement of the ball from the point of projection.

(ii) Find the Cartesian equation of the flight path? 2

(iii) Calculate the speed at which the ball must leave the ground to just
2
clear the tree. Answer correct to one decimal place.

(c)
Consider the curve f ( x)  ( x  2) 2

If the domain is to be restricted to the largest possible domain that


(i) 1
contains x  0 , so that an inverse function will exist, state the
domain.

1
(ii) What is the domain of f ( x) ? 1

1
(iii) What is the equation of f ( x) ? 1

(iv) Explain why x  ( x  2) 2 gives the points of intersection of y  f (x) 2


and y  f 1 ( x) and hence why x  1 is the only point of intersection.

8
Frensham 2014 Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1

Question 14 (15 marks) Marks

(a) Find  cos 2 2xdx 2

(b) A particle moves in a straight line and its position at any time is given by:
x  3cos 2t  4 sin 2t
(i) Prove that the motion is simple harmonic. 2
(ii) Calculate the particle’s greatest speed. 2

(c) Water at a temperature of 24˚C is placed in a freezer maintained at a


temperature of 12o C . After time t minutes the rate of change of
temperature T of the water is given by the formula:
dT
 k (T  12)
dt
where t is the time in minutes and k is a positive constant.
(i) Show that T  Ae  kt  12 is a solution of this equation, where A is a 1
constant.
(ii) Find the value of A. 1
(iii) After 15 minutes the temperature of the water falls to 9˚C. Find to the 3
nearest minute the time taken for the water to start freezing. (Freezing
point of water is 0˚C).

(d) Each rectangular table in a hall has nine seats, five facing the front and four
facing the back. In how many ways can 9 people be seated at a table if:
(i) Alex and Bella must sit on the same side. 2
(ii) Alex and Bella must sit on opposite sides 2

End of paper

9
Frensham 2014 Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1

STANDARD INTEGRALS
n
 x dx 
1 n+1
x , n  -1; x  0 , if n < 0
n 1

1
 x dx  ln x, x > 0

1 ax
e  e , a0
ax
dx
a

1
 cos ax dx 
a
sin ax, a  0

1
 sin ax dx  - cos ax, a  0
a

1
 sec  tan ax, a  0
2
ax dx
a

1
 sec ax tan ax dx 
a
sec ax, a  0

1 1 x
a 2
 x2
dx 
a
tan -1 , a  0
a

1 x
 a x2 2
dx  sin -1 , a  0, -a < x < a
a

 x a2
1
2
dx  
 ln x  x 2  a 2 , x  a  0

 x a2
1
2
dx 
 ln x  x 2  a 2 

NOTE: ln x  log e x, x  0

10
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

Frensham 2014
HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial HSC Examination
Worked solutions and marking guidelines

Section I
Solution Criteria
x
Domain: 1   1 or  2  x  2 .
2
1 1 Mark: C
1 1 
Range:  0  y    or 0  y 
2 2 2
P( x)  x3  ax  1
P(2)  (2)3  a  2  1  5
2 1 Mark: A
2a  12
a  6
x 1 1
 (2  x 2 3
)
dx  
2  u3
du

1 1
u  2  x2     u 2  C
3 2 2 1 Mark: B
du
 2 x
dx
1
1  C
 du  xdx 4(2  x 2 ) 2
2

1 1 1
 0 x 1
2
dx   tan 1 x 
0


4  0 1 Mark: A
4


4
11!
Number of arrangements  (2 I’s and 2 B’s)
5 2! 2! 1 Mark: B
 9 979 200
For y  2 x then m1  2 For x  y  5  0 then m2  1

6 1 Mark: D

1
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

m1  m2 2  (1)
tan   
1  m1m2 1  2  1
3
  71.56505118
 72o

7 1 Mark: A

A(1, 2) and B(3,5) with 3 : 1


mx2  nx1 my2  ny1
x y
mn m n
8 3  3  1  1 3  5  1  2 1 Mark: D
 
3  1 3  1
5  6.5
Point is (5,6.5)
2x  5
( x  4)2   x  ( x  4)2 (x  4)
x4
( x  4)(2 x  5)  x( x  4)2  0
9 ( x  4) (2 x  5)  x( x  4)  0 1 Mark: D
( x  4)(  x 2  6 x  5)  0
( x  4)( x  5)(1  x)  0
Critical points are 1,4 and 5 or use a sketch and where the

2
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

polynomial is above the x-axis.


Test values in each region
x  1 and 4  x  5
Note Alternate method: since x  4 answer must be B or D then
5
test x  0 in original inequality which gives  0 which is true so
4
x  0 must be included in the solution  D
v  2x  5
v 2  4 x 2  20 x  25
1 2 25
v  2 x 2  10 x 
2 2
10 1 Mark: C
d  2 25 
a   2 x  10 x  
dx  2 
 4 x  10
When x  1 then a  14

3
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

Section II
11(a) Let the roots be  ,  and    . 3 Marks:
Correct answer.
4 x3  4 x 2  29 x  15  0
b 4
    (   )    1 2 Marks:
a 4 Makes
1 significant
2  1 or  
2 progress
d towards the
 (   )   solution.
a
1 1 15
(  )   1 Mark: Finds
2 2 4
the sum or
1 15
(  )   product of the
2 2 roots.
2     15  0
2

(2   5)(   3)  0
5
  or   3
2
5 1
Roots are x   , x  and x  3
2 2
11(b) 2 Marks:
Correct answer.
1 Marks:
Makes some
progress
towards the
solution.

4
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

11(c) sin  sin  2 Marks:


LHS   Correct answer.
sin   cos  cos   sin 
sin  (cos   sin  )  sin  (cos   sin  )

(cos   sin  )(cos   sin  ) 1 Marks: Uses a
relevant
2sin  cos 
 trigonometric
cos 2   sin 2  identity
sin 2

cos 2
 tan 2  RHS
11(d) Number of ways  10C3  12C2 2 Marks:
Correct answer.
 120  66
1 Marks:
 7920 Shows some
Class can be selected in 7920 ways. understanding.

5
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

11(e) 2 Marks: Correct


H
(i) answer.
W
N
h
1 Mark: One
correct
46° 20 ° expression or
B O
35° shows some
220 m understanding of
E the problem.
A
S

In  HOA In  HOB
h h
tan 35o  tan 46o 
OA OB
h h
OA  OB 
tan 35o tan 46o
11(e) AB 2  OA2  OB 2  2  OA  OB  cos 20o 2 Marks: Correct
(ii) 2 2 answer.
 h   h  h h
220 2   o 
 o 
 2 o
 o
 cos 20o
 tan 35   tan 46  tan 35 tan 46
1 Mark: Uses the
 1 1 cos 20 o  cosine rule with
h  2
  2  o 
2 o 2
 tan 35 tan 46
o
tan 35  tan 46 
o at least one
correct value.
 1 1 cos 20o 
h 2  2202     2  o 
2 o 2
 tan 35 tan 46
o
tan 35  tan 46 
o

 127296.7453...
h  356.7866944...  357 m
11(f) Factors of 5 are {1, 5} 2 Marks: Correct
answer.
P(1)  13  3 12  9  1  5  0
Therefore ( x  1) is a factor of x 3  3 x 2  9 x  5 1 Mark: Finds
x  4x  5
2 one factor or
x  1 x  3x 2  9 x  5
3 shows some
understanding.
x3  x 2
4 x2  9x
4 x2  4 x
 5x  5
 5x  5
P( x)  x3  3 x2  9 x  5  ( x  1)( x2  4 x  5)
 ( x  1)( x  1)( x  5)  ( x  1) 2 ( x  5)

6
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

12(a) To find the gradient of the tangent 2 Marks: Correct


(i) answer.
1 2 dy 1
y x and  x
4a dx 2a
dy 1 1 Mark: Finds the
At P (2 ap, ap 2 )   2ap  p gradient of the
dx 2a
tangent or the
Equation of the tangent at P (2 ap, ap 2 ) coordinates of A
y  y1  m( x  x1 ) and B.
y  ap 2  p ( x  2ap )
y  px  ap 2
x-intercept ( y  0 ) then x  ap . Hence A(ap, 0)
y-intercept ( x  0 ) then y  ap 2 . Hence B(0,  ap 2 )
Midpoint of A and B.
 ap  0 0  ap 2   ap  ap 2 
M  ,   M  , 
 2 2   2 2 
12(a) To find the locus of M eliminate p from coordinates of M 1 Mark: Correct
(ii) answer.
ap ap 2
Now x  (1) and y  (2)
2 2
2x
From (1) p  and sub into eqn (2)
a
2x
a( )2
a  a  4 x   2 x
2 2
y
2 2 a2 a
1
or x 2   ay (parabola)
2
12(a) 1  1  1 Mark: Correct
(iii) x 2   ay  4    a   y answer.
2  8 
 1  1
Focus is  0,  a  and equation of the directrix y  a
 8  8
12(b) Step 1: To prove the statement true for n  1 3 Marks: Correct
LHS  1 RHS  2  1  1 1 answer.
Result is true for n  1 2 Marks: Proves
the result true for
n  1 and
Step 2: Assume the result true for n  k attempts to use
1  2  4  ...  2 k 1  2 k  1 the result of
n  k to prove
Step 3: To prove the result is true for n  k  1
the result for
i.e. prove 1  2  4  ...  2 k 1  2 k  2 k 1  1 n  k 1 .

7
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

LHS  1  2  4  ...  2 k 1  2 k 1 Mark: Proves


the result true for
 2k  1  2k
n 1.
 2  2k  1 using assumption
k 1
 2 1
 RHS
Result is true for n  k  1 if true for n  k
Step 3: Proven true for n = 1, assuming true for n=k proven
true for n=k+1, so true for n=1+1=2, 1+2=3, and Result true
by principle of mathematical induction for all positive
integers n.
12(c)  2   3   1 2 3 2 Marks: Correct
sin cos 1  tan 1    sin cos  tan 1  answer.
 3  4   3 4
2 3
Let   cos 1 and   tan 1
3 4

1 Mark: Sets up
the two triangles
or shows some
understanding of
the problem.

 2 3
sin cos 1  tan 1   sin  cos   cos  sin 
 3 4
5 4 2 3
   
3 5 3 5
4 5

15
12(d) Let sin   cos   R sin(   ) 3 Marks: Correct
 R sin  cos   R cos  sin  answer.
 R cos   1 and R sin   1
 2 Marks: Finds
R 2 (cos 2   sin 2  )  2 and tan   1 or   two angles or
4 makes significant
R 2
progress towards
the solution.

1 Mark: Sets up
the sum of two

8
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

 angles or shows
sin   cos   2 sin(  )  1 some
4
 1 understanding of
sin(  )  the problem.
4 2
  3 9
  , , ,
4 4 4 4

  0, , 2
2
12(e) f ( x)  sin 1 x  cos 1 x 1 Mark: Correct
(i) answer.
1 1
f '( x)   0
1  x2 1  x2

9
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

12(e) Since f '( x)  0 , f ( x) is a constant (gradient of tangent is 0) 2 Marks: Correct


(ii) answer.
 
Let x  0 then f (0)  sin 1 0  cos 1 0  0  
2 2
1 Mark:

Therefore f ( x)  for 0  x  1 Recognises that
2 the graph is a
horizontal line or
shows some
understanding of
the problem.

13(a) f ( x)  xe x  1 1 Mark: Correct


(i) answer.
f (0)  0  e0  1  1  0
f (1)  1 e1  1  e  1  0
Since f(0) and f(1) have opposite signs and f(x) is a
continuous function Therefore the root lies between x  0 and
x 1.
13(a) f ( x)  xe x  1 f '( x)  xe x  e x  e x ( x  1) 2 Marks: Correct
(ii) answer.
f (0.5)  0.5e0.5  1 f '(0.5)  e0.5 (0.5  1)  1.5e0.5
1 Mark: Finds
f  x0  f (0.5), f '(0.5)
x1  x0 
fx0  or shows some
understanding of
 0.5e0.5  1  Newton’s
 0.5   0.5   0.5710204398...  0.57
 1.5e  method.
13(b) x0
Horizontal Motion && 3 Marks: Correct
(i) answer.
x&  c1 (when t  0, x&  v cos 40o )
x&  v cos 40o
2 Marks: Derives
x  v cos 40o t  c2 (when t  0, x  0) either the
x  v cos 40o t (1) horizontal or
vertical equations
y  10
Vertical Motion && of motion.
y&  10t  c1 (when t  0, y&  v sin 40o )
y&  10t  v sin 40o 1 Mark: States
the expressions.
y  5t 2  v sin 40o t  c2 (when t  0, y  0)
y  5t 2  v sin 40o t (2)

10
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

13(b) x 2 Marks: Correct


(ii) From eqn (1) t  sub into eqn (2) answer.
v cos 40o
2
 x   x 
y  5  o 
 v sin 40o  o  1 Mark:
 v cos 40   v cos 40  Eliminates t or
2
5x shows some
  2 sec2 40o  x tan 40o
v understanding.
13(b) To find v for x  20 and y  6 2 Marks: Correct
(iii) answer.
5  20 2
6 sec2 40o  20  tan 40o
v2
1 Mark: Makes
5  202  sec2 40o
v2  some progress
20 tan 40o  6 towards the
v  17.77917137  solution.
 17.8 ms 1
13(c) 1 Mark: Correct
(i) answer.

Will have an inverse if strictly increasing or strictly


decreasing only. Largest domain, containing x 0
where this occurs is x 2
13(c) Domain of y  f 1 ( x) is the range of y f x. 1 Mark: Correct
(ii) answer.
Range of y f xis y 0.
1
domain of y  f ( x) is x 0.
13(c) Interchanging x and y, the inverse is x  ( y  2) 2 1 Mark: Correct
(iii) answer.
y 2  x
y 2  x
But as x 2 for the inverse to exist, y 2  x .
13(c) y f xand y  f 1 ( x) intersect on the line y = x. 2 Marks: correct
(iv) explanation for
 y  ( x  2) 2 and y x can be solved simultaneously to give
why x  ( x  2) 2
the points of intersection for y f xand y  f 1 ( x) . They gives the point of
meet when x  ( x  2) 2 intersection; and
correctly solves
i.e. when x x 2 4x 4
equation and
11
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

x 2 5x 4 0 explains why one


solution only.
x 4x 10
x 1 or 4 1 Mark: one of
above
But as x 2 for the inverse to exist, y f xand its
inverse meet when x=1.
14(a) 1 2 Marks: Correct
 cos 2 xdx   2 (1  cos 4 x)dx
2
answer.
1 1 
  x  sin 4 x   c
2 4  1 Mark: Uses
double angle
x 1
  sin 4 x  c formula.
2 8

12
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

14(b) Simple harmonic motion occurs when &&x  n 2 x 2 Marks: Correct


(i) answer.
Now x  3cos 2t  4sin 2t
1 Mark:
x&  3  2sin 2t  4  2 cos 2t
Recognises the
x  3  22 cos 2t  4  22 sin 2t
&& condition for
 2 2 3cos 2t  4sin 2t  SHM.

x  2 2 x
&&
14(b) Maximum speed at && x  0 or x  0 (centre of motion) 2 Marks: Correct
(ii) answer.
x  3cos 2t  4sin 2t  0
4sin 2t  3cos 2t
3 1 Mark: Makes
tan 2t   some progress
4 towards the
2t  tan 0.75  n , where n is an integer
1
solution.
2t  0.6435011088 0,  , 2
Smallest positive value of t for maximum speed
1
t  (0.6435011088  )  1.249045772 
2
&x  3  2sin(2 1.24   4  2 cos(2 1.24...)  10
Maximum speed is 10
Alternatively using the auxillary angle method
i.e. v  6 sin 2t  8 cos 2t i.e. v  8 cos 2t  6 sin 2t
now writing this in the form v  R cos(2t   )
R  (6) 2  (8) 2  10
6
  tan 1 ( )
8
v  10 cos( 2t  tan 1 0.75) which has a maximum value of 10.
14(c) T  Ae kt  12 or Ae kt  T  12 1 Mark: Correct
(i) answer.
dT
 kAe  kt
dt
 k (T  12)
14(c) Initially t = 0 and T  24 , 1 Mark: Correct
(ii)  kt answer.
T  Ae  12
 k 0
24  Ae  12
A  36
14(c) Also t = 15 and T  9 3 Marks: Correct
(iii) answer.
9  36e k 15  12
2 Marks:
21 7
e 15k   Determines the
36 12 value of e  kt or
makes significant
13
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

7 progress.
15k  log e
12 1 Mark: Finds the
1 7 exact value of k
k log e or shows some
15 12
understanding.
 0.03593310005...
We need to find t when T  0

14
Frensham Trial HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

0  36e  kt  12
12 1
e  kt  
36 3
1
kt  log e
3
1 1
t   log e
k 3
 30.5738243...  31 minutes
It will take about 31 minutes for the water to cool to 0ºC
14(d) Facing front: Number of ways  5  4  7! 2 Marks: Correct
(i) answer.
Facing back: Number of ways  4  3  7!
1 Mark: Makes
Total number of ways  (5  4  4  3)  7! some progress
 161 280 towards the
solution.
14(d) Alex facing front and Bella facing back 2 Marks: Correct
(ii) Number of ways  5  4  7! answer.
Bella facing front and Alex facing back 1 Mark: Makes
some progress
Number of ways  5  4  7! towards the
Total number of ways  (5  4  7!)  2 solution.
 201 600

15

You might also like